Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Head, Department of Farm Machinery and Power, College of Agriculture Engg & Tech., MAU Parbhani -431402
2
P.G. Student, College of Agriculture Engg. & Tech., MAU Parbhani
Abstract
Ergonomics is the field of study that examines human behavior, psychological and physiological capabilities and can design and
modify established work environment to maximize, the productivity workers comfort and overall efficiency. Modern agricultural
industry is inclined towards high speed, power and efficient agricultural tractor. The nature of tasks on a tractor necessitates a
number of actions to be performed by the operator, which puts varying physiological demands on the body. Making these tasks injury
and stress-free for the driver is a challenge for the designer.
This project was intended to make Ergonomic improvements in companys 15hp tractor. The customer feedback about the seeding
batch of the tractor was obtained, based on which modifications were made in the design of the tractor for better ergonomics. The
activities in the project included checking the workplace design measurements as per Budni recommendation, benchmarking with
competitor tractors, study of anthropometric data of Indian population, analysis of the tractor controls for force and vibration
limitations. Various improvement areas were identified and the necessary changes were made in the seat dimensions, improvement is
done in operators seat as per IS 12343 (1998) standard and anthropometric details i.e. 5th, 50th and 95th percentile of selected
persons. Location and orientation of steering and other controls of the tractor, this improvement was done as per BS, ISO.IS standard
and Indian customer survey report Budni. These modifications were implemented on the existing tractor. To validate the
improvements, and checking the workplace design measurements as per Budni recommendation after improvement, a survey was
performed taking 25 operators before & after the modifications. The results of the survey indicated a remarkable improvement in
drivers comfort, reachability of controls and visibility
Keywords:-Ergonomics, tractor, seating comfort, safety, anthropometry, design modifications, percentile workplace,
force, vibration.
----------------------------------------------------------------------***-------------------------------------------------------------------1. INTRODUCTION
Ergonomics (Human Engineering) is the scientific study of
relationship between man and his working environment. The
term environment includes his tools and materials, his
methods of work, ambient condition and physical environment
of work, also the organization of work. Importance of
ergonomics has been well established and recognized in
industry and military application. However, it is equally
important and relevant in agriculture and related activities
also. In most of the developing countries human workers
constitute as one of the important sources of farm power.
Besides, they also operate tractors, power tillers, self propelled
machines and power operated machines. Therefore, in
agriculture also, the application of ergonomics can help in
increasing the efficiency and therefore, in agriculture also, the
application of ergonomics can help in increasing the efficiency
and there by productivity of the worker without jeopardizing
their health.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 05 | May-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
389
Vertical Rod
Lateral Rod
Longitudinal
Rod
Seat
140mm
Tractor
Following are the procedure for Workplace
measurement for selected agricultural tractor.
design
2.1.2 Procedure
Take unballast tractor on a levelled plain surface with Check
an air inflation pressure of both the Rear & front wheels &
maintain it to 20 psi & 28 psi also Check the total longitudinal
travel of seat & seat is to be fixed at middle point of total
adjustment. Then Mount Seat Index Point fixture on seat. With
Place the 55 kg calibrated weight on fixture centre, then Put
plumb on seat back rest on seat & locate the seat reference
point with adjusting the vertical column such that distance
from SRP is 140 mm and Mark 90 mm distance on this
vertical column. Then Check the vertical column
perpendiculars by using spirit level bevel protractor for
Marking 400 mm distance on vertical column from SIP. After
all arrangement Connect Longitudinal Rod on vertical column.
Also check the longitudinal column plain parallel using spirit
level bevel protractor. Then Connect Lateral Rod to
Longitudinal Rod, Check the lateral column plain parallel
using spirit level bevel protractor. After this Move the Lateral
Rod on Longitudinal Rod adjust the longitudinal distance on
Longitudinal Rod so as to plumb at LH side. Then Plot the
plumb on Lateral Rod to clutch pedal centre & measure the
vertical, longitudinal and lateral distances.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 05 | May-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
390
Tractor model
As per IS 12343
(1998)
Tractor 4
(15
HP)
OLD
Tractor 4
(15
HP)
NEW
Recommendations as per
Anthropometric data of
selected persons & Indian
customer
survey
report
Budni
400 +/- 50
340
380
Seat Pan
Length (mm)
th
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 05 | May-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
391
Width (mm)
> 450
Thickness (mm)
NA
3
to
backward
430
450
45
70
3 to 7
540(max)
500
465
Seat Backrest
Height (mm)
>260
265
265
Width (mm)
>450
305
430
Thickness (mm)
NA
95 to 105 from
the horizontal
40
60
93
97
210
290
79
410
110
200
68
410
12
NA
NA
NA
NA
430
450
Observed Depth ( Y )
NA
30
35
NA
785
751
Minimum 750
>450
305
430
Interscye
breadth
percentile 410
NA
--
--
--
NA
--
--
--
Calculated Seat
Radius (mm)
backrest
Curvature
only
pan
--
Contours
Seat mounting
Total travel adjustment (mm)
Horizontal
Seat
only
pan
--
95
th
Seat
NA
50
50
--
- Vertical
.+/-100opt (+/-25
optimum)
No
No
--
NA
55
55
.+/-50opt (+/-25
optimum)
50
50
--
No
No
--
220
176
NA
Dunlop
Dunlop
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 05 | May-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
392
Sr.
No.
5th
percentile
50th
percentile
95th
percentile
Functional
leg length
(mm)
Buttock
popliteal
length (mm)
Popliteal
height
(mm)
Interscye
breadth
(mm)
Hip
breadt
h
Sitting
(mm)
Eye
Height
Seating
(mm)
Height
(mm)
Weight
( kg)
Hand
Length
(mm)
1614
49.52
666.6
953.4
390.2
415.2
312
311
690
1714
68.5
740
1040
450
470
354
362
750
1807.4
80.804
803.2
1192
510.4
527.8
385
444
770
fort
100
50
0
Discom
fort
Tractor
Tractor
Tractor
Tractor
1 Tractor
23 4 4
(18.5
(35.4HP)
HP)
(29
(15HP)
(15
HP)HP)
Old
100
50
0
Persons in %
Persons in %
Location of Operator
Very
seat
Discom
Discomf
ort
Tractor
Tractor
Tractor
Tractor
1Tractor
23 (29
4 (15
4 (15
(18.5
(35.4HP)
HP)HP)
HP)
HP)
Old
New
Tractors
Tractors
From Fig. 3.1 it clear that 60% persons are very comfortable
in Tractor 3 and tractor 4(New) for Location of operator seat.
And Fig. 3.2 it clear that 76% persons are very comfortable in
tractor 3 and 60% persons are very comfortaable in tractor 4.
Cluster visibility of
tractor Very
Disc
omf
ort
100
0
Tr
Tr
Tractor
Discomfort in
Buttock/Back
Persons in %
Persons in %
Very
Discomf
ort
100
0
Very
Disc
omf
ort
Tr
Tr
tractors
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 05 | May-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
393
From Fig. 3.3 it clear that 44% persons are very comfortable
in Tractor 3 and tractor 4(New) for Location of operator seat
Fig. 3.4 it clear that 44% persons are very comfortable in
Location of steering
50
0
Persons in %
Persons in %
Very
Disco
mfort
Disco
mfort
100
Tractor
Tractor
Tractor
Tractor
1 23 4
(18.5
(35.4HP)
(29
HP)
(15HP)
HP)
discomf
ort
Discomf
ort
100
50
0
Tractors
Tractor
Tractor
Tractor
Tractor
1 Tractor
23 4 4
(18.5
(35.4HP)
HP)
(29
(15HP)
(15
HP)HP)
Old
Tractors
From Fig. 3.5 it clear that 68% persons are very comfortable
in tractor 2 and 64% persons are very comfortaable in tractor
4(New) for Location of Steering. And Fig. 3.6 It clear that
Sr.
No.
Controls
Accelerator lever(Pedal)
Note
in 'kgf'
in 'N'
75
6.5
63.76
Push
493
23
225.63
Push
436
21
206.01
Push
Clutch pedal
126
12.25
120.17
Push
Steering wheel
-----
3.25
31.88
For 12 m turning
radius
50 N)
41.69
50 N)
4.25
46.59
Speed selection
(High/low)
lever
PTO lever
35 N)
29.43
40 N)
39.24
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 05 | May-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
394
Hydraulic
levers
a)Draft control lever
:-
39.42
2.25
22.07
As
per
recommendat
ion
Levers
Displacement
Acceleration
Vertical
displacement
in
'
in 'mm' micron
'
Horizontal
displacement
in
'
micron
in 'mm'
'
Vertical
displacement
Horizontal
displacement
in
'm/s2'
in 'g'
in
'm/s2'
in 'g'
0.09
90
0.09
90
9.3
0.948
9.8
0.9989
0.1
100
0.095
95
4.8
0.4892
5.8
0.5912
0.07
70
0.08
80
8.1
0.8256
9.2
0.9378
0.07
70
0.07
70
8.1
0.8256
10
1.019
0.08
80
0.07
70
7.4
0.7543
9.3
0.948
0.095
95
0.09
90
9.9
1.0091
9.6
0.9785
0.08
80
0.1
100
4.4
0.4485
6.1
0.6218
0.09
90
0.085
85
5.6
0.5708
10
1.0193
PTO lever
0.04
40
0.6
60
4.4
0.4485
8.9
0.9072
0.06
60
0.07
70
3.8
0.3873
0.5096
0.07
70
0.08
80
9..2
0.9378
10
1.019
11
12
b)Position
lever
0.08
80
0.07
70
0.6116
5.5
0.5606
operator Seat
0.1
100
0.1
100
6.1
0.6218
4.1
0.4179
14
flower panal
0.05
50
0.08
80
9.4
0.9582
10
1.01937
15
Fender - LHS
0.08
80
0.095
95
10.5
1.0703
9.8
0.9989
2
3
Accelerator
(hand)
lever
Accelerator
(foot)
lever
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
13
Clutch pedal
Steering wheel
Gear selection lever
Speed selection lever
(High/low)
control
as per standard
Displacement
should
not
excide
100
microns and
acceleration
should
not
excide 1 'g'
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 05 | May-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
395
16
Fender - RHS
0.08
80
0.09
90
10
1.0193
9.9
1.009
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 03 Issue: 05 | May-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org
396