ADDITIONAL

MATHEMATICS
PROJECT ( 1/2016 )
NAME : ESTHER CHIEW WAN LING
CLASS : 5S1
SCHOOL : SMK CHUNG HUA MIRI
TEACHER : MR. JOHNATTAN JAMES
NO. I/C : 991206 - 13 - 6182

CONTENTS
NUMBER
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

ITEM
Front page
Content
Prefaces
Introduction
Objective
Method of Investigation
Part A ( Poster )
Part B ( Assignment 1 )
Part B ( Assignment 2 )
Part B ( Assignment 3 )
Part B ( Assignment 4 )
Reflection
Conclusion

PAGE

PREFACES
First and foremost, I would like to thank my parents for providing
everything for my use; to buy anything that I need which are related to this
project. I also thank them for their advise and support which are the most
needed for this project. They also supported me and encouraged me to complete
this task so that I will not procrastinate in doing it.
Next, I would like to thank my teacher, Mr. Johnattan for guiding me
and my friends throughout this project. Although, we had some difficulties in
doing this task, but he taught us patiently until we knew what to do. He tried to
teach us until we understand what we supposed to do for the project work.
Last but not the least, I would also like to thank my friends who have
done this project with me and sharing their ideas. They were helpful that when
we combined and discussed together, we manage to complete this task.

INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this project work is to provide an
opportunity for students to apply mathematical concepts and
skills in problem-solving that they have learnt in their classroom.
This project work helps students understand the nature of additional
mathematics easily and aid students in visualising certain
mathematical concepts which are difficult to show clearly through
classroom explanations.
In addition, this project work is essential to help students
to learn how to cope with future challenges using their
mathematical abilities. It also aims to foster moral values in line
with a student's academic development . Besides that, the students
are also encouraged to do their own research. As a result, students
become more independent.
It also makes the learning process more fun and
effective .This project work makes add math an enjoyable and
exciting subject , encouraging students to learn math more skills in
more heuristic manner .Therefore, it is beneficial to all students who
take additional math.

ARITHMETIC
PROGRESSION
An arithmetic progression is a sequence in which the difference
between each consecutive term is constant. An arithmetic sequence can be
defined by an explicit formula in which a n = d (n - 1) + c , where d is the
common difference between consecutive terms, and c= a 1 . An arithmetic
sequence can also be defined recursively by the
formulas a 1 = c, a n+1 = a n + d , in which d is again the common difference
between consecutive terms, and c is a constant.
The sum of an infinite arithmetic sequence is either , if d > 0 , or , if d < 0 .
There are two ways to find the sum of a finite arithmetic sequence. To
use the first method, you must know the value of the first term a 1and the value
of the last term a n . Then, the sum of the first n terms of the arithmetic
sequence is S n = n(

) . To use the second method, you must know the

value of the first term a 1 and the common difference d . Then, the sum of the
first n terms of an arithmetic sequence is S n = na 1 +

(dn - d ) .

OBJECTIVE
Students taking Additional Mathematics are required to carry out a project work
while in Form 5. This project can be done in groups or individually, but each of
us are expected to submit an individually written report. Upon completion of the
Additional Mathematics Project Work, weare to gain valuable experiences and
able to:

- Apply and adapt a variety of problem solving strategies to solve routine and
non-routine problems
- Experience classroom environments which are challenging, interesting and
meaningful and henceimprove their thinking skills.
- Experience classroom environments where knowledge and skills are applied in
meaningfulwaysin solving real-life problems
- Experience classroom environments where expressing ones mathematical
thinking, reasoning andcommunication are highly encouraged and
expected
- Experience classroom environments that stimulates and enhances effective
learning.
- Acquire effective mathematical communication through oral and writing, and
to use the languageo f m a t h e m a t i c s t o e x p r e s s m a t h e m a t i c a l
ideas correctly and precisely
- Enhance acquisition of mathematical knowledge and skills through problemsolving in ways thatincrease interest and confidence
- Prepare ourselves for the demand of our future undertakings and in workplace

- Realise that mathematics is an important and powerful tool in solving real-life

problems andhence develop positive attitude towards mathematics.
- Train ourselves not only to be independent learners but also to collaborate, to
cooperate, and toshare knowledge in an engaging and healthy environment
- Use technology especially the ICT appropriately and effectively
- Train ourselves to appreciate the intrinsic values of mathematics and to
become more creative andinnovative
- Realize the importance and the beauty of mathematics

METHOD OF
INVESTIGATION
In solving and finishing this project work done, these methods are used :1. Communication
- Discussions with teacher and friend help in solving problem were done.The
information obtained from this discussion was used as a reference material for
the success of this project.
2.Reference
- Additional of information from various of reference material help me to
find methods to complete the project. For this Additional Mathematics project,I
can get many references from libraries, the internet, my friends, my teacher and
more.
3. Lesson session
- The lesson sessions help me solve problems using heuristics that I learnt in
class.

PART A
Create an A4-size poster on any local theme that exhibits the number pattern of
Arithmetic Progression

PART B
Consist of :
- Assignment 1
- Assignment 2
- Assignment 3
- assignment 4

ASSIGNMENT 1
A) In January 2014, Ali starts to work in Company A and Ahmad in Company
B. When will the monthly salary of Ali and Ahmad be the same?
Use three methods. Include the use of ICT.

Method 1 : In Table form

Increase in salary by
month
January 2014
February 2014
March 2014
April 2014
May 2014
June 2014
July 2014
August 2014
September 2014
October 2014
November 2014
December 2014
January 2015
February 2015
March 2015
April 2015

Company A
( RM )
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
1250
1300
1350
1400
1450
1500
1550
1600
1650

Company B
( RM )
750
810
870
930
990
1050
1110
1170
1230
1290
1350
1410
1470
1530
1590
1650

Method 2 : Line Graph

Graph of salary against month
2000
1900
1800
1700
1600
1500
1400
1300
1200
1100
1000
Salary ( RM )

900

Company A

800

Company B

700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0

Month

.. At April 2015 ( the 16th month ), their salaries are the same.

Method 3 :

Tn = a + ( n-1) d
Company A : 900 + (n-1) 50
Company B : 750 + (n-1) 60

900 + (n-1) 50 = 750 + (n-1) 60

900 + 50n 50 = 750 + 60n 60
850 690 = 60n 50n
160 = 10n
n= 16

.. At the 16th month, their salaries will be the same

B) Which salary scale is the better deal? Justify.

- Company B has the better deal. This is because although Company B has a
lower starting monthly pay compared to Company A, it manages to overtake the
salary of Company A at the 17th month and will continue to surpass the salary
after that. In other words, Ahmad in Company B will have a higher salary in a
shorter time compared to Ali in Company A.

ASSIGNMENT 2
A) Azrin and Aidil start to work for company C and D respectively in the same

month. After how many months will Aidils monthly salary be more than
Azrins monthly salary?
Use two methods.

Method 1 : Tn ar ( n-1)
a ( RM )
r ( RM )
Month
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

Company C
500
1:1
Company C
500
550
605
665.50
732-05
805.26
885.78
974.36
1071.79
1178.97
1296.87
1426.56
1569.21
1726.13
1898.74

Company D
300
1:15
Company D
300
345
396.75
456.26
524.70
603.42
693.92
798.01
917.71
1055.36
1213.67
1395.72
1605.08
1895.84
2122.72

- From the 13th month, Aidils monthly salary is more than Azrins monthly
salary.

Method 2 : Bar

2500

2000

1500
Salary ( RM )

Company C

1000

Series 3

500

9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Month

- So starting from the 13th month, the monthly salary of Aidil more than the monthly salary
Azrin.
b) Which salary scale is the better deal? Justify.
On the 13th month, the monthly salary (Tn) in Company D is higher than Company C
because of the higher salary increase of 15%. While the total salary (Sn) after the 13th month
in company C higher than a D. However, a better pay scale is offered by Company D because
of a higher rising wage rate, even though the starting salary is low.

ASSIGNMENT 3
A) By using a suitable graphical method, verify your conjecture.
Describe completely the salary scale.
Number of
years, n
Total salary
received ( RM )
Difference in
salary
X-axis
Yearly salary
increase

8400

17760

28080

39360

51600

64800

78960

8400

9360

10320

11280

12240

13200

14160

0
700

1
780

2
860

3
940

4
1020

5
1100

6
1180

Starting payment, a RM 700

Yearly increase, d RM 80

Yearly salary increase

1400
1200
1000
Yearly salary increase

800
600
400
200
0
0

b) By using a suitable graphical method, verify your conjecture.

Describe completely the salary scale.

n
Monthly
salary
Salary
ratio (r)
X-axis
(n-1)
Monthly
salary
(log)

1
800

2
896

3
1003.52

4
1123.94

5
1258.82

6
1409.87

7
1579.06

1.12

1.12

1.12

1.12

1.12

1.12

2.9

2.95

3.05

3.1

3.15

3.2

Starting payment, a RM 800

Increase in monthly salary, r 1.12 ( 12% )
3.25
3.2
3.15
3.1
3.05
Salary ( log )

3
2.95

Monthly salary

2.9
2.85
2.8
2.75

( n-1)

ASSIGNMENT NO. 4

A) Observe the number pattern in the picture carefully to generate the next 6 terms of the
sequence
T1 = 1, T2 = 1, T3 = 2, T4= 3, T5 = 5, T6 = 8, T7 = 13, T8 = 21, T9 = 34

Next 6 terms : T10 = 55, T11= 89, T12 = 144, T13 = 233, T14 = 377, T15 = 610

B)
T8

T7

21
13

T9

T8

1.615384615

34
21

1.619047619

.. My conjecture is that the common ratio for the number sequence is around 1.62.
C)
lim

Tn
Tn 1

Tn
Tn 1

T15
T14

610
377

1.618

) 1.618

D)
No. Product
1

Books

Picture

Size

Frame

Boxes

Eraser

Drinks
In
boxes

So, this proves that products in stores nowadays has the golden ratio.

E)
i) Determine whether Rectangle 1 is a golden rectangle.
x x + 1
x - x - 1 0
x 1.618, - 0.618
.. x 1.618
Rectangle 1 is a golden rectangle

ii) Determine whether Rectangle 2 is a golden rectangle.

y

y+x
y

y x + xy
x + xy + y 0
1+

y
y
x
x 0

Let k

y
x

1 + k - k = 0
k - k 1 = 0
k = 1.618
Therefore ,

y
x

= 1.618

.. It is a golden ratio
.. Rectangle 2 is a golden rectangle

iii) Use 2 methods to find the length of a golden rectangle with width = 8cm

Method 1 :
y
x
y = 1.618
8

y = 12.994

Method 2 :

y
x

x+
y
y

1.618 =

8+
y
y

1.618y = 8+y
1.618y y = 8
0.618y = 8
y=

8
0.61
8

y = 12.944

iv) Determine the length and width of the largest possible rectangle and
determine the length and width to form a golden rectangle.

TO DETERMINE LARGEST POSSIBLE RECTANGLE

Method 1 : Differentiation
2x + 2y = 20
2y = 20 2X
Y = 10 X
Area = XY
Substitute y = 10 x into area
X ( 10 X ) = 10x + x
d
a
d

= 10 2x

Maximum when

d
a
d

=0

10 - 2x = 0
10 = 2x
X=5
When x = 5,
y = 10 5
y=5
So, it is 5cm x 5cm.

Method 2 : Tabulation

Perimeter
5 + 5 + 5 + 5 = 20cm
So

5cm x 5cm

Length
5

Width
5

TO DETERMINE GOLDEN RECTANGLE

Method 1 : Simultaneous equation
Y = 1.618x. (1)
2x + 2y = 20.. (2)
2X + 2( 1.618X) = 20
2X + 3.236X = 20
5.236X = 20
X = 3.82
substitute x = 3.82 into ..(1)
Y = 1.618 ( 3.82 )
= 6.18

So, X = 3.82 and Y = 6.18

Method 2 : Simulatneous equations
2X + 2Y = 20. (1)
y
x

x+
y
y

Substitute
1.618 =

y
=
x

x+
y
y

1.618 into.(2)

1.618YY = X.. (3)

0.618Y = X

Substitute x = 0.618y into . (1)

2( 0.618y) + 2y = 20
1.236 + 2y = 20
3.236y = 20
Y = 6.18
Substitute y = 6.18 into (3)
0.618y = x
0.618( 6.18) = x
X = 3.82
So, x = 3.82 dan y = 6.18

Reflection
While I conducting this project, I found a lot of information. I have
learnt to solve things easier.
Apart from that, this project encourages students to work together and
share their knowledge. It is also encourage student to gather information from
the internet, improve thinking skills and promote effective mathematical
communication.
Not only that, I had learned some moral values. This project had taught
me to be responsible on the works that were given to me to be completed. This
project also had made me felt more confident to do works and not to give up
easily when I could not find the solution for the question.
I also enjoy doing this project as well. I spend my time with friends to
complete this project and it had tighten our friendship. Last but not least, I
proposed that this project should be continue because it brings a lot of moral
values to students and also to test the students understanding in Additional
Mathematics.

Conclusion
After I struggled for so long mentally and physicalle, finally, my
Additional Mathematics project work is finish.Through the question given . in
the project, it increase my knowledge of the topics mentioned in the project with
further understanding.

It is undeniable that Progression has made things easier in the

management of our daily activities. Its use has widespread all over the world in
this generation . As a conclusion, it taught me to solve problems with more
organised and accurate ways.

At the same time, learning has become more interesting and

meaningful. I hope that through this project I can master the topics used in this
project and as a preparation to sit for my SPM this coming November .