REFERENCES

1. Muga R, Mumah S, Juma P: Congenital malformations among newborns in

Kenya. Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 2009, 9:814829.
2. Ndibazza J, Lule S, Nampijja M, Mpairwe H, Oduru G, Kiggundu M, et al. Brief
Report A Description of Congenital Anomalies Among Infants in
3. Entebbe , Uganda. Clinical and Molecular Teratology 2011, 91:857-861. MallaBK:
One year review study of congenital anatomical malformation at birth in Maternity
Hospital (Prasutigriha), Thapathali, Kathmandu. Kathmandu University medical
journal 2007, 5:557-60.
4. EkwereEO, Mcneil R, Agim B, Jeminiwa B: A retrospective study of congenital
anomalies at tertiary health facilities in Jos, Nigeria. JPCS 2011, 3:24-8.
5. Singh A, Gupta RK: Pattern of Congenital Anomalies in Newborn . A Hospital
Based Prospective Study. JK Science 2009, 11:34-6.
6. Sekhobo JP, Druschel CM: An evaluation of congenital malformations
surveillance in New York State: an application of Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) guidelines for evaluating surveillance systems. Public health
report 2001, 116:296-305.
7. Congenital Anomalies in Canada. Perinatal Health report 2002.
8. Parmar A, RathodSP, Patel S V, Patel SM: A Study of Congenital Anomalies In
Newborn. NJIRM 2010, 1:13-7.
9. ShawkyRM, Sadik DI: Congenital malformations prevalent among Egyptian
children and associated risk factors. Egyptian Journal of Medical Human Genetics
2011, 12:69 78.
10. Bhat BV, Ravikumara M. Perinatal mortality in India-Need for introspection.
Indian J Matern Child Health. 1996J:31 3.

11. Agarvval SS, Singh U, Singh PS, Singh SS, Das V, Sharma A, et al. Prevalence
and spectrum of congenital malformations in a prospective study at a teaching
hospital. Indian J Med Res. 1991;94:413-9. [PubMed: 1774092]
12. Ive C, Oliveira F, Richieri-costa A, Cristina V, Ferrarese C. Cristina D: Birth
defects in newborns and stillboms : an example of the Brazilian r eality. BMC
2011, 4:343.
13. World Health Organization. Birth defects. Executive Board. 126th session,
provision- al agenda, December 2009; EB 126/10, 3. Available form:
http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf files/EB 1 26 B126 10-en.pdf
14. Agrawal D, Mohanty BB, Sarangi R. Kumar S, Mahapatra SK, Chinara PK. Study
of Incidence and Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Anomalies in a Tertiary Care
Hospital of Eastern India. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research : JCDR.
2014;8(5):AC04-AC06. doi:10.7860/JCDIV2014/7882.4380.
15. NBDPN. Guidelines for Conducting Birth Defects Surveillance. Sever LE Atlanta,
A: National Birth Defects Prevention Network. Inc.; 2004.
16. Christianson A, HowsonCP, Modell B. March of Dimes Global report on birth
defects - the hidden toll of dying and disabled children. New York: March of
Dimes Birth Defects Foundation; 2006.
17. WHO/CDC/ICBDSR. Birth defects surveillance: a manual for programme
managers. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014.
18. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Update on overall prevalence of
major birth defectsAtlanta, Georgia, 1978-2005. MMWR - Morbidity &
Mortality Weekly Report 2008;57(1):1-5.
19. Tuohy PG, Counsell AM, Geddis DC. The Plunket National Child Health Study:
birth defects and sociodemographic factors. New Zealand Medical Journal
1993;106(968):489-92.
20. HowsonCP, Christianson A, Modell B. Disease Control Priorities Project