CH01HW

Due:11:59pmonSaturday,September10,2016
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ConceptualQuestion1.3

PartA
Acartravelstotheleftatasteadyspeedforafewseconds,thenbrakesforastopsign.Usetheparticlemodeltodrawa
motiondiagramofthecarfortheentiremotiondescribedhere.Numberthedotsinorder,startingwithzero.
ANSWER:

ConceptualQuestion1.13
Askydiverjumpsoutofanairplane.Herspeedsteadilyincreasesuntilshedeploysherparachute,atwhichpointherspeed
quicklydecreases.Shesubsequentlyfallstoearthataconstantrate,stoppingwhenshelandsontheground.

PartA
Selectacorrectmotiondiagram,thatshowsherpositionatsuccessivetimesandincludesvelocityvectors.
ANSWER:

TacticsBox1.1UsingSignificantFigures
LearningGoal:
TopracticeTacticsBox1.1Usingsignificantfigures.
Youcanthinkofasignificantfigureasbeingadigitthatisreliablyknown.Forexample,alengthmeasurementof6.2cmhas
twosignificantfigures,the6andthe2.Thenextdecimalplacetheonehundredthsisnotreliablyknownandisthusnota
significantfigure.
Determiningthepropernumberofsignificantfiguresisstraightforward,butthereafewdefiniterulestofollow.Theseare
summarizedinthisTacticsBox.

TACTICSBOX1.1Usingsignificantfigures

1.Whenyoumultiplyordivideseveralnumbers,orwhenyoutakeroots,thenumberofsignificantfiguresinthe
answershouldmatchthenumberofsignificantfiguresoftheleastpreciselyknownnumberusedinthe
calculation.Forexample,in
3.73 5.7 = 21

3.73hasthreesignificantfiguresand5.7hastwosignificantfigures.Theanswershouldhavethelowerofthetwo,
ortwosignificantfigures.
2.Whenyouaddorsubtractseveralnumbers,thenumberofdecimalplacesintheanswershouldmatchthe
smallestnumberofdecimalplacesofanynumberusedinthecalculation.Forexample,in
18.54 + 106.6 = 125.1

18.54hastwodecimalplacesand106.6hasonedecimalplace.Theanswershouldhavethelowerofthetwo,or
onedecimalplace.
3.Exactnumbershavenouncertaintyand,whenusedincalculations,donotchangethenumberofsignificant
figuresofmeasurednumbers.Examplesofexactnumbersareandthenumber2intherelationd = 2rbetween
acirclesdiameterdandradiusr.
Thereisonenotableexceptiontotheserules:
Itisacceptabletokeeponeortwoextradigitsduringintermediatestepsofacalculationtominimize
roundofferrorsinthecalculation.Butthefinalanswermustbereportedwiththepropernumberof
significantfigures.

PartA

Yourbedroomhasarectangularshapeandyouwanttomeasureitssize.Youuseatapethatispreciseto0.001mand
findthattheshortestwallintheroomis3.547mlong.Thetape,however,istooshorttomeasurethelengthofthesecond
wall,soyouuseasecondtape,whichislongerbutonlypreciseto0.01m.Youmeasurethesecondwalltobe4.79m
long.Whichofthefollowingnumbersisthemostpreciseestimatethatyoucanobtainfromyourmeasurementsforthe
areaofyourbedroom?
Youdidnotopenhintsforthispart.
ANSWER:
17.0m2
16.990m2
16.99m2
16.9m2
16.8m2

PartB
Thisquestionwillbeshownafteryoucompletepreviousquestion(s).

PartC
Thisquestionwillbeshownafteryoucompletepreviousquestion(s).

TacticsBox1.2Usingscientificnotation
LearningGoal:
TopracticeTacticsBox1.2Usingscientificnotation.
Avalueinscientificnotationisanumberwithonedigittotheleftofthedecimalpointandzeroormoretotherightofit,
multipliedbyapowerof10.
Writingnumbersinscientificnotationavoidskeepingtrackoftoomanyzerosandmakesitclearerhowmanysignificantfigures
areinvolved.ThisTacticsBoxshowshowtoconvertanumbertoscientificnotationandhowtocorrectlyindicatethenumberof
significantfigures.

TACTICSBOX1.2Usingscientificnotation

Toconvertanumberintoscientificnotation,followoneofthesesteps:
1.Foranumbergreaterthan10,movethedecimalpointtotheleftuntilonlyonedigitremainstotheleftofthe
decimalpoint.Theremainingnumberisthenmultipliedby10toapowerthispowerisgivenbythenumberof
spacesthedecimalpointwasmoved.Hereweconvertthediameteroftheearth,expressedtothreesignificant
figures,toscientificnotation:
6
6,370,000 m = 6.37 10
m.

2.Foranumberlessthan1,movethedecimalpointtotherightuntilthereisonenonzerodigittotheleftofthe
decimalpoint.Theremainingnumberisthenmultipliedby10toanegativepowerthepowerisgivenbythe
numberofspacesthedecimalpointwasmoved.Forthediameterofaredbloodcellwehave
0.0000075 m = 7.5 10

m.

PartA
Themostprecisemeasurementofthespeedoflightinvacuumis299,792,458m/s.Whichofthefollowingvalueswould
youusetowritethisspeedinscientificnotationtothreesignificantfigures?
ANSWER:
299 10 6
2.99 10

m/s

2.99 10 8
300 10 6
3.0 10

m/s
m/s
m/s

m/s

3.00 10 8

m/s

PartB
OnAugust27,2003,Marsreachedadistanceof55,758,000kmfromtheearth,whichwastheclosestdistancebetween
thetwoplanetsinnearly60,000years.Whichofthefollowingvalueswouldyouusetowritethisdistanceinscientific
notationtotwosignificantfigures?
ANSWER:
56.0 10 6
5.6 10

5.6 10

5.5 10

km

km
km
km

5.57 10

5.57 10

km
km

PartC
Acapillaryvesselisabloodvesselwhosediameterisnotlargerthan0.000010m.Whichofthefollowingvalueswould
youusetowritethislengthinscientificnotationtotwosignificantfigures?
ANSWER:

1.0 10 5

1.0 10

10 10 5

1.0 10 6

1.0 10

10.0 10

Problem1.2
Amanridesabikealongastraightroadataconstantspeedfor5min,thenhasaflattire.Hestopsfor5mintorepairthe
flat,butthenrealizeshecannotfixit.Hecontinueshisjourneybywalkingtherestofthewayataconstantspeed,whichtakes
himanother10min.

PartA
Selectacorrectmotiondiagramofthemanfortheentiremotiondescribedhere.
ANSWER:

Problem1.7
Foragingbeesoftenmoveinstraightlinesawayfromandtowardtheirhives.Supposeabeestartsatitshiveandflies500
dueeast,thenflies360 mwest,then620 meast.

PartA
Howfaristhebeefromthehive?
Expressyouranswertotwosignificantfiguresandincludetheappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
x

Problem1.8
Asecurityguardwalksatasteadypace,traveling170
makethistrip.

inonetriparoundtheperimeterofabuilding.Ittakeshim210 sto

PartA
Whatishisspeed?
Expressyouranswertotwosignificantfiguresandincludetheappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
v

Problem1.22
Bladesofgrassgrowfromthebottom,so,asgrowthoccurs,thetopoftheblademovesupward.

PartA
Duringthesummer,whenyourlawnisgrowingquickly,estimatethisspeed,inm/s.Makethisestimatefromyour
experiencenoting,forinstance,howoftenyoumowthelawnandwhatlengthyoutrim.
ANSWER:
1 10 13

m/s

2 10 4

m/s

4 10 8

m/s

3 10

m/s

Problem1.20
Ifyoumakemultiplemeasurementsofyourheight,youarelikelytofindthattheresultsvarybynearlyhalfaninchineither
directionduetomeasurementerrorandactualvariationsinheight.Youareslightlyshorterintheevening,aftergravityhas
compressedandreshapedyourspineoverthecourseofaday.Onemeasurementofaman'sheightis6f eetand1inch .

PartA
Expresshisheightinmeters,usingtheappropriatenumberofsignificantfigures.
ANSWER:
h

Problem1.25
Loveland,Colorado,is18kmduesouthofFortCollinsand31kmduewestofGreeley.

PartA
WhatisthedistancebetweenFortCollinsandGreeley?
Expressyouranswertotwosignificantfiguresandincludetheappropriateunits.
ANSWER:
=

Problem1.32
Blackvulturesexcelatglidingflighttheycanmovelongdistancesthroughtheairwithoutflappingtheirwingswhileundergoing
onlyamodestdropinheight.Avultureinatypicalglideinstillairmovesalongapathtipped3.5 belowthehorizontal.

PartA
Ifthevulturemovesahorizontaldistanceof100

,howmuchheightdoesitlose?

Expressyouranswertotwosignificantfiguresandincludetheappropriateunits.
ANSWER:

Problem1.39
Inatypicalgreyhoundrace,adogacceleratestoaspeedof20m/soveradistanceof30m.Itthenmaintainsthisspeed.

PartA
Chooseamotiondiagramshowingthedog'spositionanditsvelocityvectors.
ANSWER:

Problem1.57
TheNardoringisacirculartesttrackforcars.Ithasacircumferenceof12.5km.Carstravelaroundthetrackataconstant
speedof100km/h.Acarstartsattheeasternmostpointoftheringanddrivesfor30minutesatthisspeed.

PartA
Whatdistance,inkm,doesthecartravel?
Expressyouranswertotwosignificantfigures.
ANSWER:
distance

km

PartB
km

Whatisthemagnitudeofthecar'sdisplacement,inkm,fromitsinitialposition?
Expressyouranswertotwosignificantfigures.
ANSWER:
=

km

PartC
Whatisthespeedofthecarinm/s?
Expressyouranswertotwosignificantfigures.
ANSWER:
v

m/s

Problem1.62
Thesunis24 abovethehorizon.Itmakesa54

longshadowofatalltree.

PartA
Howhighisthetree?
Expressyouranswerusingtwosignificantfigures.
ANSWER:
h

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