SECTION 1.

STRUCTURE DESIGN
I.

DESIGN WELDS AT BOTTOM OF COLUMN

A. Calculate moment of inertia about center of column:

Weld shown as 7 long on each face to account for the drilled holes on the
corners of the tube which are drain/vent holes for galvanizing (conservative).
Tube is HSS 10x10x1/4. Distance from centroid to center of tube face is 4.875 in.

I X = I X + Ad y 2
'

1
4

4.875
7
0
4
( 2 ] =97.5
1
4
7
( 3 ] +2
1
4
1

12
( 2 ] +2
1
4
7
( 3 ] +2
1
7
12
I X =2

I Y =97.5 4

also

B. Calculate stress at welds

X=

M XY
IX

Y =

M Y X
IY

Condition A Baseplate Loads:

Mx = 24.3 k-ft
My= 24.3 k-ft
Vx= 1.29 k
Vy= 1.29 k
P= 3.9 k

12
1 ft

12
1 ft

97.54

1 ft
12
24.3 kft4.875
X =

12
1 ft

12
1 ft

97.5 4

1 ft
12
24.3 kft3.5
Y =

MAX = X + Y =25.1 ksi

at corner of weld

Condition B Baseplate Loads:

Mx = 41.2 k-ft
My= 15.2 k-ft
Vx= 0.8 k
Vy= 2.9 k
P= 3.9 k

12
1 ft

12
1 ft

97.54

1 ft
12
41.2 k ft4.875
X =

12
1 ft

12
1 ft

97.5 4

1 ft
12
15.2 kft3.5
Y =

MAX = X + Y =31.2 ksi

at weld location (controls)

Calculate total stress at welds:

7 1 4=0.43 ksi
4
(2.9 k)2 +(0.8 k )2
SHEAR =

TOTAL= ( 31.2 ks i ) + ( 0.43 ksi ) =31.2 ksi

C. WELD SIZING

Assume 3/8 fillet weld

Check base metal strength:

Strength of the base metal in shear (base plate)= min { x 0.6 x Fy x Lw x t ; x

0.6 x Fu x Lw x a}

= min {1.0 x 0.6 x 36 ksi x L x 1-1/4 in ; 0.75 x 0.6 x 58 ksi x L x 3/8 in} = min {27
k/in; 9.8 k/in} = 9.8 k/in

Check tensile strength (yield) of column Rn = 0.9 x 46 ksi x in = 10.35 k/in

Check tensile strength (fracture) of column

Rn = 0.75 x 58 ksi x in =

10.88 k/in
Required weld strength:

ksi1
k
7.8

PER INCH =31.2

k
k
9.8 >7.8 (OK )

Size Weld:

Weld strength required is 7.8 k/in. Base metal strength is sufficient.

Per PCI Design Aid 6.15.2: use 3/8 fillet weld E70 electrode, design strength
provided is 8.35 k/in. This value has been verified with the equations from AISC
Steel Manual.
Minimum weld size for 1-1/4 in base plate is 5/16 fillet (OK).

II.

CALCULATE ANCHOR BOLT LOADS

M
M
P
BL N = + X + Y
4
2L
2L

A. Condition A Baseplate

1 ft
=0.98 k
12
1 ft
24.3 k ft
214

12
3.9 k 24.3 kft
BL1=
+

4
214

1 ft
=11.4 k
12
1 ft 24.3 k ft
214
+

12
3.9 k 24.3 kft
BL2 =
+

4
214

1 ft
=9.4 k
12
1 ft
24.3 k ft
214

12
3.9 k 24.3 k ft
BL3 =

4
214

1 ft
=0.98 k
12
1 ft 24.3 k ft
214
+

12
3.9 k 24.3 k ft
BL4 =

4
214

B. Condition B Baseplate

1 ft
=10.2 k
12
1 ft
41.2 kft
214

12
3.9 k 15.2 kft
BL1=
+

4
214

1 ft
=25.1 k
12
1 ft 41.2 k ft
214
+

12
3.9 k 15.2 kft
BL2=
+

4
214

1 ft
=23.2 k
12
1 ft
41.2 kft
214

12
3.9 k 15.2 k ft
BL3=

4
214

1 ft
=12.1 k
12
1 ft 41.2 k ft
214
+

12
3.9 k 15.2 k ft
BL4 =

4
214

Condition B Controls

C. Condition B Shear

Vx= 0.8 k
Vy= 2.9 k

V TOTAL= ( 2.9 k ) + ( 0.8 k ) =3.0 k

V BOLT =

3.0 k
=1.5 k (assume 2bolts take all the shear since the holes are oversized)
2

III.

SIZING BASEPLATE

Baseplate sizing to be done using bend line method illustrated in ASCE

Substation Structure Design Guide, Section 6.8.
Bend line #1 is across the face of the tube. Bend line #2 is across the corner
of the tube.

B eff 1=14 +2 +2 = 18

3
=10 3/4
8 + 5 3/8

B eff 2=5

c i=the shortest distance f rom bolt i the bend line

t min=

6
[ BL1 c 1+ BL2 c 2 + ]
Beff (F y )

Condition B loads control per inspection. Calculate plate thickness:

t min1=

6
[25.1 k (2 )+12.1 k (2 ) ] =0.83
18(36 ksi)

7
2 )
8
25.1 k

10.75(36 ksi)
t min2=

Requires 1.25 inch thick baseplate

IV.

DESIGN WELDS AT TOP OF COLUMN

A. Calculate moment of inertia about center of column:

I X = I Y =97.5 4 s ee baseplate design

B. Calculate stress at welds

X=

M XY
IX

Y =

M Y X
IY

Condition A RMU Plate Loads:

Mx = 14.2 k-ft

My= 14.2 k-ft

Vx= 1.3 k
Vy= 1.3 k
P= 3.3 k

12
1 ft

12
1 ft

97.54

1 ft
12
14.2 kft4.875
X =

12
1 ft

12
1 ft

97.5 4

1 ft
12
14.2 kft3.5
Y =

MAX = X + Y =14.6 ksi

at corner of weld

Condition B RMU Plate Loads:

Mx = 20.5 k-ft
My= 8.9 k-ft
Vx= 0.8 k
Vy= 2.4 k
P= 3.3 k

12
1 ft

12
1 ft

97.54

1 ft
12
20.5 kft4.875
X =

12
1 ft

12
1 ft

97.5 4

1 ft
12
8.9 k ft3.5
Y =

MAX = X + Y =16.1 ksi

at corner of weld (controls)

Calculate total stress at welds:

7 1 4=0.4 ksi
4
(2.4 k )2+(0.8 k )2
SHEAR =

TOTAL= ( 16.1 ksi ) + ( 0.4 ksi ) =16.1 ksi

C. WELD SIZING

Assume 1/4 fillet weld

Check base metal strength:

Strength of the base metal in shear (top plate)= min { x 0.6 x Fy x Lw x t ; x

0.6 x Fu x Lw x a}

= min {1.0 x 0.6 x 36 ksi x L x 3/4 in ; 0.75 x 0.6 x 58 ksi x L x 1/4 in} = min {16.2
k/in; 6.5 k/in} = 6.5 k/in

Check tensile strength (yield) of column Rn = 0.9 x 46 ksi x in = 10.35 k/in

Check tensile strength (fracture) of column

Rn = 0.75 x 58 ksi x in =

10.88 k/in
Required weld strength:

ksi1
k
4.02

PER INCH =16.1

k
k
6.5 > 4.02 (OK )

Size Weld:

Weld strength required is 4.025 k/in. Base metal strength is sufficient.

Per PCI Design Aid 6.15.2: use 1/4 fillet weld E70 electrode, design strength
provided is 5.57 k/in. This value has been verified with the equations from AISC
Steel Manual.
Minimum weld size for 3/4 in plate is 1/4 fillet (OK).

V.

CALCULATE RMU BOLT LOADS

M
M
P
BL N = + X + Y
4
2L
2L

A. Condition A RMU Plate

1 ft
=0.83 k
12
1 ft
14.2 k ft
223.6

12
3.3 k 14.2 kft
BL 1=
+

4
223.6

1 ft
=8.05 k
12
1 ft 14.2 kf t
223.6
+

12
3.3 k 14.2 kft
BL 2=
+

4
223.6

1 ft
=6.4 k
12
1 ft
14.2 k ft
223.6

12
3.3 k 14.2 kft
BL3 =

4
223.6

1 ft
=0.83 k
12
1 ft 14.2 kft
223.6
+

12
3.3 k 14.2 kft
BL4 =

4
223.6

B. Condition B RMU Plate

1 ft
=3.77 k
12
1 ft
8.9 k ft
223.6

12
3.3 k 20.5 kft
BL1=
+

4
223.6

1 ft
=8.30 k
12
1 ft 8.9 kft
223.6
+

12
3.3 k 20.5 kft
BL2 =
+

4
223.6

1 ft
=6.65 k
12
1 ft
8.9 k ft
223.6

12
3.3 k 20.5 k ft
BL3 =

4
223.6

1 ft
=2.12 k
12
1 ft 8.9 kft
223.6
+

12
3.3 k 20.5 k ft
BL4 =

4
223.6

Condition B Controls
C. Condition B Shear

Vx= 0.8 k
Vy= 2.4 k

V TOTAL= ( 2.4 k ) + ( 0.8 k ) =2.5 k

V BOLT =

2.5 k
=1.25 k (assume 2 bolts take all the shear since the holesare oversized)
2

VI. SIZING RMU PLATE

A. First Analysis:
I calculated the plate thickness and determined that a 1 plate was required.
Because the fabricator will have to preheat the plate for welding, and the
plate is already very large, we decided to use gussets to minimize the plate
size.

B. Second Analysis:
Baseplate sizing to be done using bend line method illustrated in ASCE
Substation Structure Design Guide, Section 6.8.

B eff =10

c i=the shortest distance bolt i the bend line

t min=

6
[ BL1 c 1+ BL2 c 2 + ]
Beff (F y )

Condition B loads control per inspection. Calculate plate thickness:

8.30 k (5 ) right ]} =0.83 in

6

10(36 ksi)
t min =

Requires 7/8 inch thick plate. I modeled it in Risa, and a inch plate is acceptable.
The RISA file is named RMU TOP PLATE WITH GIRDER.

VII. GUSSET DESIGN

A.

Assumptions:
Horizontal force is transferred by the plate directly to the column.
Gussets only transfer vertical forces.
Yielding along free edge of gusset frequently occurs prior to buckling, and stress
redistribution occurs within the system.
Initially assume the gusset is 3/8 thick.
Bolt load on plate is distributed equally among both gussets adjacent to bolt.

B. Loads and Forces:

P=8.3k (max compression).
P/2 = 4.15k.

Moment at gusset/column =

4.15 k8 33.2 k

C. PCI Design Manual Analysis of Gusset:

a= 8in
b= 8in

b
b 2
b 3
Z =1.392.2
+ 1.27
0.25
( Eq 647)
a
a
a

Z =0.21

V n= F yZbt ( Eq648 )

3
V n=0.8536 k si0.218 19.3 k > 4.15 k ( Gusset Thickness OK )
8

()

()

()

D. Gusset Weld Design

Gussets are 8 inch by 8 inch, but they are clipped 1 inch for the galvanizing at
the corner. Assume weld is 7 inches long on one side only. Use for the
moment of inertia.

7.14

1
1
1
12
3
I = bh =

12
4

7.1 4=16.4 ksi

33.2 k3.5

M XY
X=
=
IX

X =16.4

7=0.6 k /
4.15 k
Y =

TOTAL= ( 4.1 k / ) + ( 0.6 k / ) =4.1 k /

ksi1
4.1 k /
4
(Shear at weld or vertical force)
2

fillet weld is good for 5.57 k/in.

Minimum weld size is fillet for in plate.
Use fillet, both sides.
CHECK STRENGTH AT WELD:

Strength of the base metal in shear (top plate)= min { x 0.6 x Fy x Lw x t ; x

0.6 x Fu x Lw x a}

= min {1.0 x 0.6 x 36 ksi x L x 3/4 in ; 0.75 x 0.6 x 58 ksi x L x 1/4 in} = min {16.2
k/in; 6.5 k/in} = 6.5 k/in

Strength of the base metal in shear (column)= min { x 0.6 x Fy x Lw x t ; x 0.6

x Fu x Lw x a}

= min {1.0 x 0.6 x 46 ksi x L x 1/4 in; 0.75 x 0.6 x 58 ksi x L x 1/4 in} = min {6.9
k/in; 6.5 k/in} = 6.5 k/in

6.5 k/in > (4.1 k/in)/2 (OK)

VIII. RMU BOLT DESIGN

A. Loads:
P= 8.3k
V= 2.3k
B.

Bolt type:
Use bolt since holes in RMU are 15/16.
Use A307 hex head bolts, tensile strength = 60 ksi
Compatible nut is ASTM A563 Grade A.
Designed per AISC steel manual.
Area bolt = 0.442 in2

C. Design:

Fnt =nominal tensile stress , per table J 3.2=0.75 Fu =45 ksi

Fnv =nominal shear stress , per table J 3.2=0.45 F u=27 ksi

nt ' =nominal tensile stress modified

F
F include effects of shear stress=1.3 F nt nt f rv Fnt ( EQ J 33 a)
F nv
2

0.44 =5.2 ksi

Frv =required shear stress=

2.3 k

45 ksi
5.2 ksi 45ksi
0.75 ( 27 ksi )
46.9 ksi 45 ksi
45 ksi

'

nt =1.3 ( 45 ksi)

Rn=F nt A b ( EQ J 32)

0.442
45 ksi

R n=0.75

'

Use A307, bolts.

IX. ANCHOR BOLT WASHER DESIGN

A. Loads:
Max Compression =25.1k
Max Tension = 23.2 k

B. Geometry:
Anchor bolt diameter = 1-1/4 inch
Hole in plate diameter = 1-1/2 inch

Circumference of hole diameter =

1
x 1 inch=4.7 inch
2

C. Forces and Stresses

Washer will have a significant amount of shear. Bending will be negligible since
the nut is larger than the hole.

F
25.1 k
k
= =
=(5.3 )/thickness

A 4.7x thickness

R n=0.9 ( 0.6 F yA ) =0.9 ( 0.636 ksi4.7 thickness )=91.4 thickness

Rn

k
5.3 k /
91.4 thickness

thickness

thickness=0.24
Use inch galvanized washers on anchor bolts.
Make washers 3in x 3in.
Hole diameter = 1-5/16 in.

X.

PLATE WASHER DESIGN AT BOTTOM OF ANCHOR

BOLT

A. Loads:
Max Compression =25.1k
B. Geometry:
Bearing area of heavy hex nut = 3.47 (in2)
Bearing area of 3x3 square washer (circular area) = 7.07 (in2)

C. Required Bearing Area:

Per ACI 10.14.1: The design bearing strength of the loaded area shall be
permitted to be multiplied by 2, since the loaded area of A2 is much larger than
A1 per inspection. See ACI code for more details.

Pbearingn=2 ( 0.85 f

'
c

A )=20.65 ( 0.854000 psiA ) =4420 psi A

Pbearingn

25,100 lb

Therefore , A 4420 psi = 4420 psi =5.7

Bearing area of heavy hex nut is not sufficient, even after being able to multiply
the area by 2 based on ACI.
Use 3x3 washer to meet bearing area requirement.
D. Design for Washer Thickness:
Based on the Theory of Plates and Shells by Timoshenko and Krieger.
Washer falls under Case #3 on page 62.
a= 1-1/2 in (center plate to edge of washer)
b= 1 in (center plate to edge of nut)
a/b= 1.5
Per Table 3 on page 62, k=0.41

n = F y =0.9 ( 36 ksi ) =32.4 ksi

qa2
Per
page
61,

=k
max

h2

q total=

F 25.1 k
=
=3.6 ksi
A 7.07 2

kqa2
Solving for thickness ,h=
n
1.5

0.413.6 ksi

Pluggingall the variables , including the max . stress , h=

Use 3in x 3in x 3/8 in washer.

0.32 in.

SECTION 2. FOUNDATION DESIGN

I.

FDN

A. Foundation Strength Loads

Condition A:
Mx = 24.305 k-ft
My= 24.305 k-ft
Vx= 1.29 k
Vy= 1.29 k
P= 3.9 k
Condition B:
Mx = 41.2 k-ft
My= 15.2 k-ft
Vx= 0.8 k
Vy= 2.9 k
P= 3.9 k
B. Soil Strength Loads (ASD)
ASD STRUCTURE REACTION RESULTS - USED FOR SOIL CHECK
Load
Axial
Column
Torque
Combinati
,Z
Y (k)
X
Moment
Moment X
Location
(k-ft)
on
(k)
(k)
Y (k-ft)
(k-ft)
3.26
Base Plate
9
8
0
0
0
0
0
Base Plate 3.26
0.80 0.80
10
8
5
5
0
-15.17
-15.17
3.26
1.27
Base Plate
11
8
0
8
0
-15.613
0

Base Plate
12
Base Plate
13
Base Plate
14
15
16

Base Plate
Base Plate

3.26
8
3.26
8
3.26
8
1.96
1
1.96
1

1.12
1
0.60
4
1.44
5

-12.655

1.56
3

-23.087

-11.377

-11.377

-20.869

-15.574

-12.624

0.60
4
1.27
6

-1.12

C. Foundation Analysis Software: QuickRFooting 1.0

Input values:

Loads from Section A and B.

Because side face blowout of the anchor bolts is neglected if anchor bolt
minimum edge distance > 6d = 6*1.25in = 7.5in, and the anchor bolt spacing is
14 in, the pedestal will need to be 30 in x 30 in.
Presumptive allowable soil bearing pressure = 1500 psf, per 2010 Florida
Building Code Table 1806.2. This value is for clayey materials, even though the
soil on-site is more sandy, which would have a 2,000 psf allowable pressure.
Bearing pressure will be Gross: total allowable load includes footing weight and
soil overburden.
Overturning factor of safety = 1.5
Sliding factor of safety = 1.5
Uplift factor of safety = 1.5
Additional uplift resistance = 0k
Friction coefficient = 0.25 (per FBC 2010 Table 1806.2 for sandy soils)
Passive soil resistance = 0k (conservative)
Concrete weight = 150 pcf
Parme Beta= 0.65, as suggested in a textbook by Everard and Issa, as well as
QuickRFooting.
DL overburden pressure = 80pcf x 3ft = 240psf