Medical Term PDF

U. S.
ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT CENTER AND SCHOOL

FORT SAM HOUSTON, TEXAS 78234
BASIC
MEDICAL
TERMINOLOGY
SUBCOURSE MD0010
EDITION 100
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Lesson
Paragraphs
INTRODUCTION
1
................................................................................ iii
INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMED LEARNING

Section
Section
Section
I. How to Use Programmed Instruction .................... 1-5

II. Introduction to Stems, Prefixes,
and Suffixes........................................................... 6-14
III. How to Complete Each Pretest .............................
1-2
1-4
1-7
STEMS PERTAINING TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

Section
Section
Section
I. Pretest #1.................................................................
II. Basic Components ................................................. 15-28
III. Pertaining to the Musculoskeletal
System ................................................................... 29-38
Section IV. Pertaining to the Integumentary System ............... 39-42
Section V. Pertaining to the Respiratory System ................... 43-52
Section VI. Pertaining to the Digestive System ....................... 53-67
Section VII. Pertaining to the Accessory Organs
of Digestion........................................................... 68-73
Section VIII. Pertaining to the Cardiovascular
System ................................................................... 74-80
Section IX. Pertaining to the Hematopoietic and
Lymphatic Systems .............................................. 81-87
Section X. Pertaining to the Endocrine System...................... 88-92
Section XI. Pertaining to the Nervous System and
Psychiatric Disorders........................................... 93-100
Section XII. Pertaining to the Genitourinary System ................ 101-109
Section XIII. Pertaining to Gynecology and
Obstetrics .............................................................. 110-114
SectionXIV. Pertaining to the Sensory Organs ......................... 115-123
Section XV. Miscellaneous Stems.............................................. 124-131
SectionXVI. Medical Terminology Crossword Puzzle ..............
SectionXVII. Self Assessment 1 ..................................................
3
Page
2-2
2-6
2-11
2-16
2-19
2-25
2-33
2-36
2-40
2-44
2-47
2-52
2-57
2-60
2-65
2-69
2-71
PREFIXES PERTAINING TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

Section
Section
I. Pretest #2.................................................................
II. General Information................................................. 132-138
3-2
3-4
Lesson
Section
Section
Section
Section
Section
Section
Section
Section
4
Paragraphs
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
Pertaining to Location.............................................139-149
Pertaining to Time ...................................................150-154
Pertaining to Negation ............................................155-159
Pertaining to Amount or Comparison. . . . . . ........160-174
Pertaining to Color ..................................................175-180
Pertaining to Size and Position .............................180-191
Pertaining to Miscellaneous Items .........................192-198
Self Assessment 2 ..................................................
Page
3-6
3-11
3-13
3-15
3-22
3-25
3-30
3-33
SUFFIXES PERTAINING TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

Section I. Pretest #3 .................................................................
Section II. General Information and Diseases ........................199-203
Section III. Pertaining to Diagnosis ..........................................204-220
Section IV. Pertaining to Operative Procedures......................221-232
Section V. Pertaining to Symptoms .........................................233-245
Section VI. Self Assessment 3 ..................................................
4-2
4-4
4-6
4-14
4-20
4-26
REVIEW--Self Assessment 4 ..................................................
4-32
GLOSSARY .............................................................................
A-1
PRONUNCIATION GUIDE........................................................
B-1
ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS ........................................
C-1
ii
CORRESPONDENCE COURSE OF
U.S. ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT CENTER AND SCHOOL
SUBCOURSE MD0010
BASIC MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
Medical terminology is the professional language of those who are directly or
indirectly engaged in the art of healing. You will need to know medical terms in order to
read a medical record, to complete forms, to decipher a physician's handwriting, and to
communicate with others in the hospital in a professional manner.
At first, the medical terms may seem strange and bewildering to you and appear to
be extremely difficult to learn. Fortunately, there is a logical method found in medical
terminology. Many of the words used in medicine are made up of parts which are also
used in other words. Once you know the meanings of the basic parts of the words, you
can put them together to understand the meanings of many medical terms. These basic
parts of medical terms are called stems, prefixes, and suffixes. During this course, you
will learn to identify and define a stem, a prefix, and a suffix. You will also learn how
they are used in combination to describe a medical term.
Subcourse Components:
This subcourse consists of 4 lessons. The lessons are:
Lesson 1, Introduction to Programmed Learning.
Lesson 2, Stems Pertaining to Medical Terminology.
Lesson 3, Prefixes Pertaining to Medical Terminology.
Lesson 4, Suffixes Pertaining to Medical Terminology.
Credit Awarded:
Upon successful completion of this subcourse, you will be awarded 5 credit hours.
Purpose:
This programmed instruction subcourse has been prepared for use by students in
the medical field. It is designed to help you obtain a knowledge of basic medical
terminology. It is NOT intended to be complete or comprehensive. There are
numerous textbooks on medical terminology for those students desiring a more
MD0010
iii
complete study of the subject. You are encouraged to continue your study of medical
terminology after completing this basic orientation to medical terminology.
The final goal or terminal learning objective of this subcourse is that you be able to
convert a medical term into lay terminology. This means that when you are given the
definition of a medical term, you will be able to identify the proper medical term or, when
you are you given the medical term, you will be able to identify the proper definition.
Using the Dictionary:
As you work in the medical field, you will hear and see unfamiliar medical terms.
Many times you will have access to a medical dictionary. You need to know how to use
a dictionary properly. Most dictionaries have the basic characteristics described below:
a. Guide Words. The two large words printed at the top of each page are called
"guide words." These words identify the first and last words entered alphabetically on
that page, and their use will speed up your process of locating a word. The introduction
to the dictionary will tell you how words are alphabetized in that particular dictionary.
b.
Entry. All the information about a word in the dictionary is called an entry.
An entry contains a variety of information and may include all or part of the following
information:
(1)
Entry word. The entry word is printed in dark type and is sometimes
divided into syllables.
(2)
Pronunciation. The pronunciation is given in parentheses following
the entry word. Different dictionaries use different pronunciation and accent symbols.
The introduction portion of each dictionary will provide a key to the symbols.
(3)
Plural forms. Frequently, the plural of a medical word is irregularly
formed or has alternate plurals. Many medical dictionaries will list these plurals.
(4)
Etymology. Etymology is the tracing of a word back to its origins.
Information on the origin of the word generally appears in square brackets. Most
medical words originated in Greek or Latin or a combination thereof.
(5)
Definition. Following the origin, you will find the definition or
definitions of the term.
(6)
Synonyms. SYN after the definition indicates synonyms. These are
words which have a similar meaning to the entry word.
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iv
(7)
Derived words. Following the SYN, often there is a group of additional
words printed in bold type. These words are closely related or derived from the entry
words.
(8)
Cross reference. For additional information on the term or entry:
"See" or "See also," followed by an italicized word, is used.
Introductory Section to a Medical Dictionary:
All dictionaries contain an introductory section which provides information on "how
to use" the dictionary. The arrangement of this introduction varies but most medical
dictionaries will address the following:
Organization or Arrangement of Entries. This unit addresses how main entries are
made, the sequence of entries, and the use of punctuation and capitalization in entries
and their sequence.
Pronunciation. This unit provides assistance in pronouncing the word: the
diacritical markings (stress marks, long and short vowels, etc.) along with examples of
common words to illustrate sounds.
Etymology. A section on the abbreviations used to identify the language of origin
along with an explanation of the composition of medical vocabulary is generally included
in the introduction. Since more than 75% of medical terms are derived from Latin and
Greek, a discussion of the transcription to English of Greek and Latin terms is usually
presented. Most sections on etymology include comments on prefixes, suffixes,
combining forms, and compounds used in medical terminology. Often the Greek and
Latin alphabets are included in the etymology section of the introduction.
Plurals. A presentation on plural forms is included because many plurals are
irregularly formed and because many words have alternate plurals. This portion of the
introduction will indicate how plurals are presented and listed in the dictionary.
Sample Dictionary Entry:
Appendix (ah-pen'diks), pl. appendixes, appen'dices [L. from appendere to hang
upon] a general term used in anatomical nomenclature to designate a supplementary,
accessory, or dependent part attached to a main structure; see also appendage.
Frequently used alone to refer to the appendix vermiforms.
Appendicopathy (ah-pen"di-kop'ah-the) [appendix + Gr pathos disease] any
diseased condition of the vermiform appendix.
Entry word. appendix
appendicopathy
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Pronunciation with diacritical markings:
ah-pen'diks
ah-pen"di-kop'ah-the
Plural forms: appendixes, appendices

Etymology: [L. from appendere to hang upon] means from the Latin term,
appendere, which meant to hang upon.
[appendix + Gr pathos disease] means the stem appendix plus the
Greek word pathos which means disease.
Definition: A general term used in anatomical nomenclature to designate a
supplementary, accessory, or dependent part attached to a main structure.
Any disease condition of the vermiform appendix.
Synonyms: none
Cross-reference: Appendage.
Refining Your Vocabulary:
This course provides an introduction to the most common medical terms you will
encounter. However, just knowing the meaning of the medical terms used in this course
is not enough. Developing your medical vocabulary requires refining. As you add
words to your medical vocabulary, you must constantly work to use the words correctly.
You can refine and sharpen your medical vocabulary through the correct use of a
medical dictionary.
Pretest:
This course on medical terminology has one introductory lesson and three lessons
related to terminology. Before each lesson, there is a pretest which will enable you to
determine your knowledge of medical terminology. You should complete each pretest
before working the lesson. If you correctly answer 90% of the pretest questions, you
need not work the lesson unless you wish to reinforce your knowledge of medical
terminology. The first pretest will test your knowledge of medical stems; the second
pretest will test your knowledge of medical prefixes; and the third pretest will test your
knowledge of medical suffixes.
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vi
LESSON ASSIGNMENT
LESSON 1
Introduction to Programmed Learning.
TEXT ASSIGNMENT
Lesson 1, frame numbers 1-14.
LESSON OBJECTIVE
After completing this lesson, you should be

able to:
Given a series of frames defining prefix,
stem, and suffix, select the correct
definition.
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1-1
LESSON 1
Section I. HOW TO USE PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION
Directions: Each frame consists of a question and an answer. The answer appears on
the right hand side of the page just before the next frame. Make a cover card from a
piece of cardboard. Place the cover card over the answer to the frame you are reading.
Read the information in the frame and answer the question. Check your answer by
moving your cover card down to expose the correct answer.
The programmed instruction format begins on the next page.
GOOD LUCK!
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1-2
******************************************
The material in programmed
instruction is arranged in a series of
small steps called frames. Each
frame presents new information to
you or reviews material you may
already be familiar with. Therefore,
all of the following material is
arranged in steps called _________.
frames
******************************************
By checking your answer after you
have answered a question, you will
get immediate feedback as to
whether or not you are correct. This
immediate feedback will help you
learn what is _______________.
(correct, incorrect)
correct
******************************************
If your answer is incorrect, you
should re-read the frame to find out
why you missed the question.
Fortunately, all of the information you
need to correctly answer the question
is contained within that __________.
frame
******************************************
Programmed instruction also allows
you to learn at your own speed. If
the material is difficult for you, you
can go slowly. If the material is easy,
you can go more ______________.
(slowly, quickly)
quickly
******************************************
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1-3
******************************************
Programmed instruction is designed
to proceed logically from one frame
to the next frame. When working with
programmed instruction, you should
not attempt to skip ahead because
each frame is developed from
preceding frames. That is why this
type of material is called
_______________________.
programmed instruction
******************************************
Section II. INTRODUCTION TO STEMS, PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES
******************************************
All medical terms can be broken
down into word parts. The three
word parts that you will be concerned
with are the prefix, the stem (root),
and the suffix. Usually, only two of
these parts are present in a medical
term. The word parts, then, of a
medical term may include the
_________, the stem, and the suffix.
prefix
******************************************
The stem is the part of the word
which gives the basic meaning to the
term. The part of the word,
"basketball," which gives the basic
meaning to the word is "ball."
Therefore, "ball" is considered to be
the ______.
stem
******************************************
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1-4
******************************************
The part of the word which comes
before the stem and modifies or
augments the meaning of the stem is
called the prefix. In the word
"basketball," "ball" is the stem and
"basket" is the _________________.
prefix
******************************************
The part of the word which gives the
basic meaning to the word is called
the ___________.
stem
10
******************************************
The prefix is the part of the word
which comes _________ the stem.
(before, after)
before
11
******************************************
after the stem and modifies or
augments the meaning of the root
word is called the suffix. In the term
"specialist," "special is the stem and
"ist" is the __________.
suffix
12
******************************************
In summary, words used in medicine
are comprised of one or more parts
called prefix, stem, and suffix. The
part of the word which gives basic
meaning to the word is the ______.
stem
******************************************
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1-5
13
******************************************
before the stem and modifies or
augments the meaning of the stem is
called the __________.
prefix
14
******************************************
after the stem and modifies or
augments the meaning of the stem
is called the _________.
suffix
******************************************
_____________________________________________________________________
Now that you're off to a good start, let's look at some medical word parts. BEFORE you
look at specific medical word parts, however, you should take the Pretest for lesson 2
on stems which follows this introductory material. Read the Pretest instructions
carefully.
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1-6
Section III. HOW TO COMPLETE EACH PRETEST

1. Before you begin work on your study of medical terminology in lessons 2, 3, and 4,
you should complete the pretest for each lesson. The score you make on the pretest
will enable you to determine how much you already know about the medical terminology
presented in the lesson. The answers to each pretest are found at the end of each
lesson. If you score 90% or better on the pretest, it is not necessary for you to work the
problems presented in the lesson.
2. If you successfully pass the pretest, you should go to the next pretest. If you
successfully pass all the pretests, you should go directly to the final examination.
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1-7
LESSON ASSIGNMENT
LESSON 2
Stems Pertaining to Medical Terminology.
LESSON ASSIGNMENT
LESSON OBJECTIVES
After completing this lesson, you should be able to :

2-1. Given a list of 15 of the 100 Latin and Greek
medical stems covered in lesson 2 and a list of English
meanings for these stems, write the English meaning of
the medical stem in the space provided without error.
2-2. Given 10 multiple choice questions on medical
stems, select the appropriate English meaning without
error.
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2-1
LESSON 2
PRETEST #1
Before you turn to frame 15 and begin work on your study of medical terminology,
complete the pretest on the following pages. The pretest contains 70 questions relating
to medical terminology stems. The correct answers to the pretest are found at the end
of this lesson. If you correctly answer 90% or more of the questions, you pass the
pretest. A score of 90% on this pretest is 63 correct answers.
Write your answers in the space provided in each question.
1.
Ophthalmalgia means pain in the __________.
2.
Otorrhea is a discharge from the __________.
3.
Prenatal means before __________ and post febrile means after __________.
4.
A salpingostomy is a surgical opening into a __________.
5.
Oophoropexy means fixation of an __________.
6.
An enterolith is a __________ in the intestines.
7.
Hematuria means the presence of blood in the __________.
8.
Orchidectomy means excision of a __________.
9.
Cystorrhagia means hemorrhage of the __________.
10.
Urethrorrhaphy means suturing the __________.
11.
A cholelith is a __________ stone.
12.
A hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy means the excision of the __________,

__________, and __________.
13.
Ureterocele means __________ of the ureter.
14.
Esthesia means __________ or __________.
15.
Pathophobia means an abnormal __________ of disease.
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2-2
16.
Megalomania is a mental __________.
17.
Osteopathy means disease of the __________.
18.
Cerebrotomy is an incision into the __________.
19.
Neuralgia means pain along the course of a __________.
20.
Glycolysis is the breakdown or destruction of __________.
21.
Edema means __________.
22.
Acroparalysis refers to paralysis of the __________.
23.
Tachyphagia is a word for fast or rapid __________.
24.
Splenopathy means a disease of the __________.
25.
Lymphostasis means control the flow of __________.
26.
An encephaloma is a __________.
27.
Lipolysis means destruction or breakdown of __________.
28.
A pyocele is a hernia containing __________.
29.
Dacryorrhea means excessive flow of __________.
30.
Cytology is the study of __________.
31.
Thrombus is the medical way to say __________.
32.
Arterioplasty is surgical repair of an __________.
33.
Phlebosclerosis is the hardening of the __________.
34.
Vasotripsy means the crushing of a __________.
35.
An angiospasm is a spasm of a __________.
36.
Hepatomegaly means enlargement of the __________.
37.
A proctoscopy is an examination of the __________.
38.
Colocentesis means puncture of the __________.
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2-3
39.
Jejunoileitis is inflammation of the __________ and the __________.
40.
Psychosis means any serious __________ condition.
41.
Enteroptosis means prolapse of the small __________.
42.
Gastrectasia is the dilation or stretching of the __________.
43.
Gingivalgia means pain in the __________.
44.
The lacrimal gland secretes __________.
45.
Cheilosis is a disorder of the __________.
46.
A duodenotomy is an incision into the __________.
47.
Stomatoplasty means surgical repair of the __________.
48.
Apnea means temporary cessation of __________.
49.
Treatment with compressed __________ is called

pneumotherapy.
50.
A laparorrhaphy is the suturing of the __________.
51.
Glossoplegia is a paralysis of the __________.
52.
Bronchorrhagia means __________ hemorrhage.
53.
Nasal means pertaining to the __________.
54.
Rhinoplasty means surgical repair of the __________.
55.
Laryngitis is inflammation of the __________.
56.
Onychosis means a condition of the __________.
57.
Costal means pertaining to the __________.
58.
Abdominocentesis is a surgical puncture of the __________.
59.
Tendinitis is inflammation of the __________.
60.
Myocarditis is inflammation of the heart __________.
61.
Myelocele means herniation of the __________ __________.
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2-4
62.
Chondromalacia is the softening of __________.
63.
Arthritis is a word which means inflammation of a__________.
64.
A tympanectomy is an excision of the __________.
65.
Keratectasia means dilatation of the __________.
66.
A pharyngotomy is an incision into the __________.
67.
Blepharoptosis means prolapse of the __________.
68.
Hemostasis means the act of controlling the flow of __________.
69.
A necroparasite is one that lives on __________ organic matter.
70.
Pneumomycosis is a condition of lung __________.
Check your answers on page 2-77
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2-5
Section II. BASIC COMPONENTS
NOTE: Please refer to the pronunciation guide on page B-1 to assist you in
pronouncing the terms you will encounter in this lesson.
We will first discuss the main body or basic component of a medical term called the
stem or root word. The stem of a medical word usually indicates the organ or part
which is modified by a prefix or suffix, or both.
15.
******************************************
The main body or basic component
of a word is called the ______ or
_______ word.
stem
16.
root
******************************************
All words have a stem. Even
everyday words have stems. For
example, in the words "singer,"
"writer," and "speaker," "sing,"
"write," and "speak" are the
stems. In medical terms such
as hepatomone, gastrotome, and
arthrotome, the hepat (meaning
liver), gastr (meaning stomach),
and arthr (meaning joint) are
the
.
stems
17.
******************************************
Certain combinations of stems are
hard to pronounce. This is often true
when a stem ends in a consonant
and the word part that is added to it
also begins with a consonant. This
awkwardness of pronunciation makes
it necessary to insert a vowel called a
combining vowel.
******************************************
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2-6
18.
Certain combinations of stems or root

words are difficult to pronounce,
making it necessary to insert a vowel
called a ________________.
combining vowel
19.
20.
******************************************
Usually the combining vowel is an
"o," but occasionally it may be "a,"
"e," "i," "u," or "y."
******************************************
The combining vowel is usually an
_____________.
o
21.
22.
******************************************
We find combining vowels in ordinary
words. Instead of joining the two
stems "therm" and "meter" directly,
we insert the combining vowel "o"
and say "therm - 'o' meter."
******************************************
Here are some more examples:
a. Speed - meter becomes speedometer.
b. Megal - mania becomes megalomania.
c. Strat - phere becomes stratosphere.
d. Therm - meter becomes thermometer.
23.
******************************************
Instead of joining two stems or root
words directly, we insert the
combining vowel which is usually an
_________.
o
******************************************
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2-7
24.
A stem plus the combining vowel is

known as the combining form.
In the word speedometer, for
example, "speed" is the stem and
"speed -o" is the combining form.
25.
******************************************
In the word thermometer, "therm" is
the stem and "therm - o" is the
________________.
combining form
26.
******************************************
In the word megalomania, "megal" is
the stem and "megal - o" is
________________.
combining form
27.
******************************************
In the word stratosphere, "strat" is the
stem and "strat- o" is the
_______________.
combining form
28.
******************************************
As a review, complete each of the
following statements:
a. The basic core of any word is
the ________.
stem (frame 15)
******************************************
b. Combinations of stems are often
difficult to pronounce. When the first
stem ends in a consonant and the
second word part begins with a
consonant, we must insert a vowel
called a __________ vowel.
combining (frame 17)
******************************************
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2-8
c. The combining vowel is usually an

______.
o (frame 19)
******************************************
d. The combination of a stem
plus a combining vowel is
known as the ______________.
combining form (frame 24)
******************************************
NOTE: Each frame which introduces a new medical term contains the correct
pronunciation with diacritical markings. The pronunciation guide below should be used
to help you pronounce the medical term correctly. You should pronounce each medical
term aloud so that you can hear how the word sounds. Practicing the correct
pronunciation aloud will also help you remember the term and its meaning.
In this course, stems are presented with the combining vowel and in their combining
forms (stem + combining vowel = combining form) and referred to simply as the stem.
Although Latin combining forms (stem + combining vowel) should be used only with
Latin prefixes and suffixes and Greek combining forms with Greek pre-fixes and
suffixes, there are generally many inconsistencies in forming medical terms.
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2-9
The combining forms presented in this text are legitimate ; however, you will not find all
the combining forms used in this text in any one medical dictionary. The combining
form of the stem, tendo, for example does not appear in some dictionaries and appears
in different forms in other medical dictionaries as follows:
Stedman's Medical Dictionary - tendo-. Combining form meaning tendon; see also
teno-. Teno-, tenon-, tenonto -. Combining forms meaning tendon. See also tendo-.
Blakinton's Gould Medical Dictionary - ten- , teno-. A combining form meaning tendon.
Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary - teno-, tenonto-. Combining form denoting
relationship to a tendon.
Several sources were used as references in compiling the information included in this
text including the following:
Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary.
Blakinton's Gould Medical Dictionary.
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Stedman's Medical Dictionary.

Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary.
2-10
Section III. STEMS - PERTAINING TO THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
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2-11
Now let's look at some of the more common stems pertaining to the musculoskeletal
system.
29.
30.
******************************************
The musculoskeletal system includes
the bones, muscles, and joints.
******************************************
Osteo is a stem which means bone.
A person who has osteo-arthritis, for
example, has inflammation of the
______ and joint.
os"te-o-ar-thri'-tis
bone
31.
******************************************
The stem, arthro, means joint.
Arthrodesis means fixation of a
_______ by fusion.
ar"thro-de'-sis
joint
32.
******************************************
The stem chondro means cartilage.
A person with chondr-itis, for
_________.
kon-dri'tis
cartilage
******************************************
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2-12
33.
The stem myelo means bone marrow

or spine. A person who has myelitis
has an inflammation of the _______
________ or _________.
mi"e-li'tis
bone marrow/spine
34.
******************************************
Myo is a stem which means muscle.
A myospasm, for example, is an
involuntary contraction of a
___________.
mi'o-spazm
muscle
35.
******************************************
Tendo is a stem which means
tendon. A person with tend-initis has
inflammation of a _________.
ten"di-ni'tis
tendon
36.
******************************************
Costo is a stem which means rib.
The intercostal space, for example,
refers to the space between the
____________.
in"ter-kos'tal
ribs
******************************************
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2-13
37.
As a review, give the meaning of

each of the following stems pertaining to the musculoskeletal
system.
a. Osteo: _________
bone (frame 30)
******************************************
b. Arthro: _________
joint (frame 31)
******************************************
c. Chondro: _________
cartilage (frame 32)
******************************************
d. Myelo: _________
bone marrow/spine (frame 33)
******************************************
e. Myo: _________
muscle (frame 34)
******************************************
f. Tendo: _________
tendon (frame 35)
******************************************
g. Costo: _________
rib (frame 36)
38.
******************************************
To further reinforce what you have
learned, fill in the blanks with the
appropriate words:
a. A person who has osteoarthritis has inflammation of
the ______ and _________.
bone/joint (frames 30 & 31)
******************************************
MD0010
2-14
b. Arthrodesis is fixation of a
__________ by fusion.
joint (frame 31)
******************************************
c. A person with chondritis has
inflammation of the __________.
cartilage (frame 32)
******************************************
d. A person who has myelitis has
inflammation of the _____ _______
or __________.
bone marrow/spine (frame 33)
******************************************
e. A myospasm is an involuntary
contraction of a __________.
muscle (frame 34)
******************************************
f. A person with tendinitis has an
inflammation of a __________.
tendon (frame 35)
******************************************
g. Intercostal refers to the space
between the __________.
ribs (frame 36)
******************************************
If you missed any of the questions in frames 37 and 38, please review the appropriate
frame(s) before continuing to frame 39.
MD0010
2-15
Section IV. STEMS - PERTAINING TO THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
MD0010
2-16
The integumentary system includes the skin and its appendages - the hair and nails.
39.
Derma is a stem which means skin.

A person with dermatophytosis, for
example, has a fungus condition of
the __________.
der"mah-to-fi-to'sis
skin
40.
******************************************
Onycho is a stem which means nail.
Onychectomy means surgical
removal of the _________of a finger
or toe.
on"i-kek'to-me
nail
41.
******************************************
Let's review the stems you've just
studied. Give the meaning of each of
the following stems pertaining to the
integumentary system:
a. Derma: __________
skin (frame 39)
******************************************
b. Onycho: __________
nail (frame 40)
******************************************
MD0010
2-17
42.
Let's make sure you know the stems

you have just studied. Fill in the
blanks with the appropriate terms.
a. A person with dermatophytosis
has a fungus condition of the
__________.
skin (frame 39)
******************************************
b. Onychectomy is the surgical
removal of the __________ of a
finger or toe.
nail (frame 40)
******************************************
MD0010
2-18
Section V. STEMS - PERTAINING TO THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
MD0010
2-19
The respiratory system includes the lungs, pleura, bronchi, pharynx, larynx, tonsils, and
the nose.
43.
Rhino and naso are stems which

mean nose. A person who has
rhinitis has inflammation of the
__________.
ri-ni'tis
nose
44.
******************************************
Laryngo is a stem meaning larynx or
voice box. A laryngoscopy is an
examination of the interior of the
__________.
lar"ing-gos'ko-pe
larynx
45.
******************************************
Tracheo is a stem which means
upper windpipe or trachea. A
person with tracheitis has an
inflammation of the __________
__________ or __________.
tra"ke-i'tis
upper windpipe/trachea
******************************************
MD0010
2-20
46.
Broncho is a stem which means

lower windpipe or bronchus. A
person with bronchitis has inflammation of the __________
__________ or __________.
brong-ki'tis
lower windpipe/bronchus
47.
******************************************
Pulmo and pneumo are stems which
mean lung. Pulmonary, for example,
means concerning or involving the
__________.
pul'mo-ner"e
lungs
48.
******************************************
A person with pneumonia has an
nu-mo'ne-ah
lungs
49.
******************************************
Pneumo is a stem which also means
air. Pneumonemia is the presence of
________ or gas in the blood vessel.
nu"mo-ne'me-ah
air
******************************************
MD0010
2-21
50.
Pneo is a stem which means breath

or breathing. Pneodynamics is the
mechanism of __________.
ne'o-di nam'ik
breathing
51.
******************************************
Let's review the stems you just
studied. Give the meaning of each of
the following stems pertaining to the
respiratory system.
a. Rhino: __________
nose (frame 43)
******************************************
b. Naso: __________
nose (frame 43)
******************************************
c. Laryngo: __________
larynx (frame 44)
******************************************
d. Tracheo: _________ _________
or __________
upper windpipe/trachea (frame 45)
******************************************
e. Broncho: _________ _________
or __________
lower windpipe/bronchus (frame 46)
******************************************
f. Pulmo: __________
lung (frame 47)
******************************************
MD0010
2-22
g. Pneumo: _______ or _______

air/lungs (frame 47/49)
******************************************
h. Pneo: __________
breathing (frame 50)
52.
******************************************
appropriate terms:
a. A person who has rhinitis has an
nose (frame 43)
******************************************
b. A laryngoscope is an instrument
used for examination of the
__________.
larynx (frame 44)
******************************************
c. Tracheitis is the inflammation of
the _______ _______ or _________.
upper windpipe/trachea (frame 45)
******************************************
d. A child who has bronchitis has an
inflammation of the _______
_______ or __________.
lower windpipe/bronchus (frame 46)
******************************************
e. The pulmonary artery leads to the
__________.
lungs (frame 47)
******************************************
f. A person with pneumonia has an
lungs (frame 48)
******************************************
MD0010
2-23
g. Pneumonemia is the presence of

__________ or gas in the blood
vessels.
air (frame 49)
******************************************
h. Pneodynamics is the mechanism
of __________.
breathing (frame 50)
******************************************
MD0010
2-24
Section VI: STEMS - PERTAINING TO THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
MD0010
2-25
The digestive system or gastrointestinal tract begins with the mouth, where food enters
the body and ends with the anus, where solid waste material leaves the body.
53.
******************************************
The stem stoma means mouth. A
person who has stomatitis, for
__________.
sto-mah-ti'tis
mouth
54.
******************************************
Lingua and glossa are stems which
mean tongue. Glossitis means inflammation of the __________.
glos-si'tis
tongue
55.
******************************************
Lingual means pertaining to the
__________.
ling'gwal
tongue
******************************************
MD0010
2-26
56.
Dento and odonto are stems which

mean tooth. A person with dentalgia
has a pain in the __________.
den-tal'je-ah
tooth
57.
******************************************
Cheilo is a stem which means lip. A
cheiloplasty is the surgical repair of a
defect of the __________.
ki'lo-plas"te
lip
58.
******************************************
Gingivo is a stem which means gums.
A person with gingivitis has an
jin"ji-vi'tis
gums
59.
******************************************
Gastro is a stem which means
stomach. A gastrectomy is the
surgical removal of the __________.
gas-trek-to-me
stomach
******************************************
MD0010
2-27
60.
Entero is a stem which means intestine. A person with gastroenteritis

has inflammation of the stomach and
__________.
gas"tro-en-ter-i'tis
intestine
61.
******************************************
Duodeno is a stem which pertains to
the duodenum or first part of the
small intestine. A duodenal ulcer, for
example, is an ulcer which is located
in the __________ or
____________________________.
du"o-de'nal
duodenum or first part of the small
intestine
62.
******************************************
Jejuno is a stem which pertains to the
jejunum or second part of the small
intestine. A jejunectomy, for
example, is an excision of a part of or
all of the __________ or
__________.
je-joo'num
je"joo-nek'to-me
jejunum or second part of the small
intestine
63.
******************************************
Ileo is a stem which pertains to the
ileum or third part of the small
intestine. Ileitis means inflammation
of the __________ or
___________________.
il'e-um
il"e-i'tis
ileum or third part of the small intestine
******************************************
MD0010
2-28
64.
Colo is a stem which means colon.

When a colostomy is performed, an
incision is made into the _________.
ko'lon
ko-los'to-me
colon
65.
******************************************
Procto and ano are stems which
mean rectum or anus. Proctitis
means inflammation of the ________
or _________.
prok-ti'tis
rectum or anus
66.
******************************************
As a review, give the meaning of the
following stems pertaining to the
digestive system.
a. Stoma: __________
mouth (frame 53)
******************************************
b. Lingua/glossa: __________
tongue (frame 54)
******************************************
c. Dento/odonto: __________
tooth (frame 56)
******************************************
d. Cheilo: _________
lip (frame 57)
******************************************
e. Gingivo: __________
gums (frame 58)
******************************************
MD0010
2-29
f. Gastro: __________
stomach (frame 59)
******************************************
g. Entero: __________
intestine (frame 60)
******************************************
h. Duodeno: __________
duodenum/first part of intestine (frame 61)
******************************************
i. Jejuno: __________
jejunum/2d part of intestine (frame 62)
******************************************
j. Ileo: __________
ileum/3d part of intestine (frame 63)
******************************************
k. Colo: __________
colon (frame 64)
******************************************
l. Procto/ano: __________
rectum/anus
67.
******************************************
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate
terms:
a. A person with stomatitis has an
mouth (frame 53)
******************************************
b. Glossitis is an inflammation of the
__________.
tongue (frame 54)
******************************************
c. Lingual means pertaining to the
__________.
tongue (frame 54)
******************************************
MD0010
2-30
d. A person with dentalgia has a pain

in the __________.
tooth (frame 56)
******************************************
e. A cheiloplasty is the surgical
repair of a defect of the __________.
lip (frame 57)
******************************************
f. Someone who has gingivitis has
gums (frame 58)
******************************************
g. A gastrectomy is the surgical
removal of the __________.
stomach (frame 59)
******************************************
h. A person with gastroenteritis has
inflammation of the __________ and
the __________.
stomach and intestine(frames 59 & 60)
******************************************
i. A duodenal ulcer is located
in the __________.
duodenum/1st part of the small intestine
(frame 61)
******************************************
j. A jejunectomy is an excision of
part or all of the ______________.
jejunum/2d part of the small intestine
(frame 62)
******************************************
k. Ileitis is an inflammation of the
_____________.
ileum/3d part of the small intestine
(frame 63)
******************************************
MD0010
2-31
l. A colostomy is an incision into the

__________.
colon (frame 64)
******************************************
m. Proctitis is an inflammation of the
__________ or __________.
rectum/anus (frame 65)
******************************************
MD0010
2-32
Section VII. STEMS - PERTAINING TO THE ACCESSORY ORGANS OF

DIGESTION
68.
******************************************
The stem hepato means liver. A
person with hepatitis has an
hep"ah-ti'tis
liver
69.
******************************************
The stem cholecysto means gallbladder. A person who has had an
operation called a cholecystectomy,
for example, has had his
_____________ removed (or
excised).
ko"le-sis-tek'to-me
gallbladder
70.
******************************************
The stems celio and abdomino mean
abdomen. A person who has had a
celiectomy has had a complete or
partial removal of an organ of the
__________.
se"le-ek'to-me
abdomen
******************************************
MD0010
2-33
71.
Laparo is a stem meaning abdominal

wall. A person who has a laparotomy
has had an incision made into the
_________ __________.
lap-ah-rot'o-me
abdominal wall
72.
******************************************
each of the following terms:
a. Hepato: __________
liver (frame 68)
******************************************
b. Cholecysto: __________
gallbladder (frame 69)
******************************************
c. Celio/abdomino: __________
abdomen (frame 70)
******************************************
d. Laparo: __________
abdominal wall (frame 71)
73.
******************************************
appropriate terms:
a. A person who has hepatitis has an
liver (frame 68)
******************************************
b. When a cholecystectomy is
performed, the __________ is
removed (or excised).
gallbladder (frame 69)
******************************************
MD0010
2-34
c. A person who has a celiectomy

has had a complete or partial
removal of an organ of the
__________.
abdomen (frame 70)
******************************************
d. During a laparotomy, an incision
is made into the ___________.
abdominal wall (frame 71)
******************************************
MD0010
2-35
Section VIII. STEMS - PERTAINING TO THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
MD0010
2-36
The cardiovascular system includes the heart and blood vessels.
74.
******************************************
The stem, cardio, means heart. The
cardiovascular system includes the
blood vessels and the __________.
kar"de-o-vas'ku-lar
heart
75.
******************************************
Angio and vaso are stems which
mean vessel. An angiogram is a
series of X-ray film of a blood
__________.
an'je-o-gram"
vessel
76.
******************************************
Phlebo and veno are stems which
mean vein. A phlebectomy is the
surgical removal of a __________.
fle-bek'to-me
vein
******************************************
MD0010
2-37
77.
Arterio is a stem which means artery.

A person who has arteriosclerosis
has hardening of the __________.
ar-te"re-o-skle-ro'sis
arteries
78.
******************************************
Thrombo is a stem which means clot
of blood. Thrombophlebitis is an
inflammation of a vein with a
__________ of __________.
throm"bo-fle-bi'tis
clot/blood
79.
******************************************
each of the following terms pertaining
to the cardiovascular system.
a. cardio: __________
heart (frame 74)
******************************************
b. angio/vaso: __________
vessel (frame 75)
******************************************
c. phlebo/veno: __________
vein (frame 76)
******************************************
d. arterio: __________
artery (frame 77)
******************************************
e. thrombo: __________
clot of blood (frame 78)
******************************************
MD0010
2-38
80.

appropriate terms:
a. The cardiovascular system
includes the blood vessels and the
__________.
heart (frame 74)
******************************************
b. When a person has an
angiospasm or a vasospasm, he
has a spasm of a __________.
vessel (frame 75)
******************************************
c. A phlebectomy is the surgical
removal of a __________.
vein (frame 76)
******************************************
d. A person who has arteriomalacia
has a softening of the __________.
arteries (frame 77)
******************************************
e. A thrombectomy is the excision of
a __________.
clot of blood (frame 78)
******************************************
MD0010
2-39
Section IX. STEMS - PERTAINING TO THE HEMATOPOIETIC AND LYMPATHIC

SYSTEMS
MD0010
2-40
The hematopoietic system includes tissues concerned in the production of blood. The
lymphatic system includes the lymphatic vessels and lymphoid tissues.
81.
******************************************
Cyto is a stem meaning cell. An
erythrocyte is one kind of blood cell.
It is a red blood __________.
e-rith'ro-sit
cell
82.
******************************************
Hema and hemato are stems which
mean blood. A hematoma is a tumor
filled with __________.
hem"ah-to'mah
blood
83.
******************************************
Lympho is a stem which means
lymph. A lymphocyte is a _________
cell.
lim'fo-sit
lymph
******************************************
MD0010
2-41
84.
Spleno is a stem which means

spleen. A person who has had a
splenectomy has had an excision of
the __________.
sple-nek'to-me
spleen
85.
******************************************
Phago is a stem which means to eat.
A phagocyte is a cell that _________
microorganisms.
fag'o-sit
eats
86.
******************************************
each of the following stems
pertaining to the hematopoietic and
lymphatic systems.
a. cyto: __________
cell (frame 81)
******************************************
b. hema/hemato: __________
blood (frame 82)
******************************************
c. Spleno: __________
spleen (frame 84)
******************************************
d. lympho: __________
lymph (frame 83)
******************************************
e. phago: __________
to eat (frame 85)
******************************************
MD0010
2-42
87.

appropriate terms:
a. Cytology is the study of
__________.
cells (frame 81)
******************************************
b. Hematology is the study of
__________.
hem'ah tol'o-je
blood (frame 82)
******************************************
c. A lymphocyte is a __________
cell.
lymph (frame 83)
******************************************
d. Splenectomy means excising of
the __________.
spleen (frame 84)
******************************************
e. Polyphagia means excessive
__________.
pol"e-fa'je-ah
eating (frame 85)
******************************************
MD0010
2-43
Section X. STEMS - PERTAINING TO THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
MD0010
2-44
The endocrine system is composed of glands which release hormones into the blood
stream.
******************************************
88. Acro is a stem which means
extremity. Acromegaly is a disease
characterized by enlargement of the
bones of the __________.
ak"ro meg' ah-le
extremities
89.
******************************************
Gluco and glyco are stems which
mean sugar. A person with
glucosuria has __________ in the
urine.
gloo"ko-su're-ah
sugar
90.
******************************************
Adeno is a stem which means gland.
Adenectomy is a word meaning
surgical removal of a __________.
ad"e-nek' to-me
gland
91.
******************************************
the following stems:
a. acro: __________
extremity (frame 88)
******************************************
MD0010
2-45
b. gluco/glyco: __________
sugar (frame 89)
******************************************
c. adeno: __________
gland (frame 90)
92.
******************************************
learned, fill in the blank with the
appropriate terms:
a. Acrodermatitis is a word that
means inflammation of the skin of the
__________.
ak"ro-der"mah-ti'tis
extremities (frame 88)
******************************************
b. A person with glucosuria has
__________in the urine.
sugar (frame 89)
******************************************
c. A person who has had an
adenectomy has had surgical
removal of a __________.
gland (frame 90)
******************************************
MD0010
2-46
Section XI. STEMS - PERTAINING TO THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND

PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS
MD0010
2-47
The nervous system along with the endocrine system correlates our adjustments and
reactions to internal and environmental conditions.
93.
******************************************
Neuro is a stem which means nerve.
Polyneuritis means inflammation of
many __________.
pol"e-nu-ri'tis
nerves
94.
******************************************
Cerebro and encephalo are stems
which mean brain. Encephalitis, for
example, means inflammation of the
__________.
en"sef-ah-li'tis
brain
95.
******************************************
Psycho and mento are stems which
mean mind. Psycho logy is the
science that studies the __________.
si-kol 'o-je
mind
******************************************
MD0010
2-48
96.
Mania is a stem which means madness. Pyromania, for example,

means fire __________.
pi"ro-ma'ne-ah
madness
97.
******************************************
Phobia is a stem which means fear.
A person with hydrophobia has a
__________ of water.
hi"dro-fo'be-ah
fear
98.
******************************************
Esthesia is a stem which means
feeling or sensation. Anesthesia
means without __________
or __________.
an"es-the'ze-ah
feeling/sensation
99.
******************************************
As a review, give the meaning of the
following terms:
a. neuro: __________
nerve (frame 93)
******************************************
b. cerebro/enchephalo: __________
brain (frame 94)
******************************************
MD0010
2-49
c. psycho/mento: __________
mind (frame 95)
******************************************
d. mania: __________
madness (frame 96)
******************************************
e. phobia: __________
fear (frame 97)
******************************************
f. esthesia: __________
feeling/sensation (frame 98)
******************************************
100 To further reinforce what you have
appropriate terms:
a. Polyneuritis is an inflammation of
many __________.
nerves (frame 93)
******************************************
b. Encephalitis is an inflammation of
the __________.
brain (frame 94)
******************************************
c. Psychology is the science that
studies the __________.
mind (frame 95)
******************************************
d. Pyromania means fire
__________.
madness (frame 96)
******************************************
e. A person with hydrophobia has a
__________ of water.
fear (frame 97)
******************************************
MD0010
2-50
f. Anesthesia means without

__________.
feeling/sensation (frame 98)
******************************************
MD0010
2-51
Section XII. STEMS - PERTAINING TO THE GENITOURINARY SYSTEM
MD0010
2-52
The genitourinary system includes the genitals and the urinary organs.
******************************************
101 Nephro and rena are stems which
mean kidney. A person who has had
a nephrectomy has had a
__________ removed.
ne-frek'to-m
kidney
******************************************
102 Uretero is a stem which means
ureter. A person who has ureteritis
has an inflammation of the
__________.
u"re-ter-i'tis
ureter
******************************************
103 Cysto is a stem which means
bladder. A person who has cystitis
has an inflammation of the
__________.
sis-ti-tis
bladder
******************************************
104 Urethro is a stem meaning urethra.
Urethritis is an inflammation of the .
u"re-thri'tis
urethra
******************************************
MD0010
2-53
105 Orchio is a stem which means

testes. Orchiopexy means fixation of
the ___________.
or"ke-o-pek'se
testes
******************************************
106 Uro and uria are stems which mean
urine. Urophobia is a term which
means fear of passing __________.
u"ro-fo'be-ah
urine
******************************************
107 Lith is a stem which means stone.
Nephrolithiasis is the formation of
renal __________.
nef"ro-li-thi'ah-sis
stones
******************************************
108 In review, give the meaning of
a. nephro/reno: __________
kidney (frame 101)
******************************************
b. uretero: __________
ureter (frame 102)
******************************************
MD0010
2-54
c. cysto: __________
bladder (frame 103)
******************************************
d. urethro: __________
urethra (frame 104)
******************************************
e. orchio: ___________
testes (frame 105)
******************************************
f. uro/uria: __________
urine (frame 106)
******************************************
g. lith: __________
stone (frame 107)
******************************************
appropriate terms:
a. A person who has had a
nephrectomy has had a __________
removed.
kidney (frame 101)
******************************************
b. A person who has ureteritis has
an inflammation of the __________.
ureter (frame 102)
******************************************
c. Someone who has cystitis has an
bladder (frame 103)
******************************************
d. Urethritis is an inflammation of the
__________.
urethra (frame 104)
******************************************
MD0010
2-55
e. Orchiopexy is the fixation of the

__________.
testes (frame 105)
******************************************
f. Nephrolithiasis is the formation of
renal __________.
stones (frame 107)
******************************************
If you missed any of the questions in frames 108 and 109, please review the
appropriate frame(s) before continuing to frame 110.
MD0010
2-56
Section XIII. STEMS - PERTAINING TO GYNECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
MD0010
2-57
Gynecology and obstetrics relates to the female reproductive system and birth.
******************************************
110 Hystero and metro are stems which
mean uterus or womb. A woman
who has had a hysterectomy, for
example, has had her __________
removed.
his"te-rek'to-me
uterus
******************************************
111 Oophoro is a stem which means
ovary. A woman who has had an
oophorectomy has had her
__________ removed.
o"of-o-rek'to-me
ovary
******************************************
112 Salpingo is a stem which means
tube. A woman who has salpingitis
has an inflammation of a
__________.
sal"pin-ji'tis
tube
******************************************
113 As a review, give the meaning
of each of the following terms:
a. hystero/metro: __________
uterus/womb (frame 110)
******************************************
MD0010
2-58
b. oophoro: __________
ovary (frame 111)
******************************************
c. salpingo: __________
tube (frame 112)
******************************************
appropriate terms:
a. A woman who has had a
hysterectomy has had her
__________ removed.
uterus (frame 110)
******************************************
b. When a woman has an
oophorectomy, she has an
__________ removed.
ovary (frame 111)
******************************************
c. A woman who has salpingitis has
an inflammation of the __________.
tube (frame 112)
******************************************
MD0010
2-59
Section XIV. STEMS - PERTAINING TO THE SENSORY ORGANS
MD0010
2-60
The sensory organs, as you know, include the eye and the ear.
******************************************
115 Oto is a stem which means ear.
Otoplasty, for example, means plastic
repair of the __________.
o'to-plas"te
ear
******************************************
116 Tympano and myringo are stems
which refer to the eardrum. A
tympanoplasty means plastic repair
of the __________.
tim"pah-no-plas'te
eardrum
******************************************
117 Ophthalmo and oculo are stems
which mean eye. Ophthalmology is
the science dealing with the
_________ and its diseases.
of"thal-mol'o-je
eye
******************************************
MD0010
2-61
118 Opto is a stem which means vision.

An opto metrist is a person who is
trained to examine eyes in order to
determine the presence of
__________ problems.
op-tom'e-trist
vision
******************************************
119 Blepharo is a stem which means
eyelid. Blepharitis means
blef"ah-ri'tis
eyelid
******************************************
120 Kerato is a stem which means
cornea. Keratitis means
ker"ah-ti'tis
cornea
******************************************
121 Dacryo is a stem which means tear.
A person with dacryocystitis has
inflammation of the __________ sac.
dak"re-o-sis-ti'tis
tear
******************************************
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2-62
122 As a review, give the meaning

of each of the following terms:
a. oto: __________
ear (frame 115)
******************************************
b. tympano/myringo: __________
eardrum (frame 116)
******************************************
c. ophthalmo/oculo: __________
eye (frame 117)
******************************************
d. opto: __________
vision (frame 118)
******************************************
e. blepharo: __________
eyelid (frame 119)
******************************************
f. kerato: __________
cornea (frame 120)
******************************************
g. dacryo: __________
tear (frame 121)
******************************************
appropriate terms:
a. Otoplasty is the plastic repair of
the __________.
ear (frame 115)
******************************************
b. A tympanoplasty is the plastic
repair of the __________.
eardrum (frame 116)
******************************************
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2-63
c. Ophthalmology is the science

dealing with the __________ and its
diseases.
eye (frame 117)
******************************************
d. An optometrist is a person who is
trained to examine eyes in order to
determine the presence of
__________ problems.
vision (frame 118)
******************************************
e. Blepharitis is an inflammation of
the __________.
eyelid (frame 119)
******************************************
f. Keratitis is an inflammation of the
__________.
cornea (frame 120)
******************************************
g. A person with dacryocysitis has
an inflammation of the __________
sac.
tear (frame 121)
******************************************
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2-64
Section XV: STEMS - MISCELLANEOUS STEMS
MD0010
2-65
124
******************************************
Pyo is a stem meaning pus. The
word pyogenic means producing
__________.
pi"o-jen'ik
pus
******************************************
125 Lipo is a stem which means fat. A
lipoma is a tumor composed of
__________.
li-po mah
fat
******************************************
126 Febri is a stem which means fever. A
person who is afebrile is without
__________.
a-feb'ril
fever
******************************************
127 Myco is a stem which means fungus.
Mycosis is any disease caused by a
__________.
mi-ko'sis
fungus
******************************************
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2-66
128 Necro is a stem which means dead.

A necropsy is an autopsy or scientific
inspection of a __________ body.
nek'rop-se
dead
******************************************
129 Emesis is a stem which means vomit.
Hyperemesis is a word which means
excessive __________.
hi"per-em'e-sis
vomiting
******************************************
130 As a review, give the meaning of
a. pyo: __________
pus (frame 124)
******************************************
b. lipo: __________
fat (frame 125)
******************************************
c. febri: __________
fever (frame 126)
******************************************
d. myco: __________
fungus (frame 127)
******************************************
e. necro: __________
dead (frame 128)
******************************************
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2-67
f. emesis: __________
vomiting (frame 129)
******************************************
appropriate words:
a. The term pyogenic means
producing __________.
pus (frame 124)
******************************************
b. A lipoma is a tumor composed of
__________.
fat (frame 125)
******************************************
c. A person who is afebrile is without
__________.
fever (frame 126)
******************************************
d. Mycosis is any disease caused by
a __________.
fungus (frame 127)
******************************************
e. A necropsy is an autopsy or
scientific inspection of a __________
body.
dead (frame 128)
******************************************
f. Hyperemesis is excessive
__________.
vomiting (frame 129)
******************************************
MD0010
2-68
appropriate frame(s) before continuing.
You have now completed the first part of this programmed text on medical terminology.
Congratulations!
As a fun review and exercise, you can complete the stem crossword puzzle on the
following page before completing the self-assessment questions starting on page 2-71.
Section XVI. MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY CROSSWORD PUZZLE

Fill in the combining forms for the stems listed below the puzzle.
Solutions are on page 2-78.
MD0010
2-69
MD0010
2-70
Section XVII. SELF-ASSESSMENT #1

To evaluate how well you have learned the stems covered in lesson 2, complete the
self-assessment #1 questions. This self-assessment is to assist you in determining
whether you need to go back and review parts of lesson 2 before going to lesson 3.
The answers to the questions are given on pages 2-75 and 2-76.
MD0010
2-71
SELF-ASSESSMENT #1
Stems
LISTED BELOW IN COLUMN "A" ARE 15 OF THE 100 LATIN AND GREEK STEMS
GIVEN TO YOU. IN COLUMN "B" ARE THE ENGLISH MEANINGS OF THE STEMS.
MATCH THE TWO, AND WRITE THE ENGLISH MEANING FROM COLUMN "B" IN
COLUMN "A."
EXAMPLE: GLAND ADENO
COLUMN A
COLUMN B
1.
OSTEO
A.
URINE
2.
ARTHRO
B.
BLOOD
3.
CARDIO
C.
CELL
4.
URO/URIA
D.
RIB
5.
LIPO
E.
TONGUE
6.
HEMO/HEMATO
F.
GALLBLADDER
7.
THROMBO
G.
BONE
8.
CYTO
H.
KIDNEY
9.
COSTO
I.
NERVE
10.
LINGUA/GLOSSA
J.
STOMACH
11.
CHOLECYSTO
K.
HEART
12.
NEPHRO/RENA
L.
EXTREMITY
13.
NEURO
M.
FAT
14.
GASTRO
N.
CLOT
15.
ACRO
O.
JOINT
MD0010
2-72
SELF-ASSESSMENT QUIZ #1
STEMS
FOR EACH OF THE MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS BELOW, SELECT THE ONE
MOST APPROPRIATE ANSWER. CIRCLE THE ANSWER.
16.
THE STEM "CHONDRO" IN THE WORD CHONDRITIS MEANS:

A.
B.
17.
BONE
VEIN
BLOOD
LIVER
C.
D.
KIDNEY
NAIL
BLADDER
GALLBLADDER
C.
D.
ABDOMINAL WALL
GLAND
SKIN
CELL
C.
D.
CLOT
FUNGUS
THE STEM "EMESIS" IN THE WORD HYPEREMESIS MEANS:

A.
B.
22.
C.
D.
THE STEM "MYCO" IN THE WORD MYCOSIS MEANS:

A.
B.
21.
CARTILAGE
MUSCLE
THE STEM "ADENO" IN THE WORD ADENECTOMY MEANS:

A.
B.
20.
CARTILAGE
JOINT
THE STEM "HEPATO" IN THE WORD HEPATITIS MEANS:

A.
B.
19.
C.
D.
THE STEM "MYO" IN THE WORD MYOPLASM MEANS:

A.
B.
18.
TENDON
RIB
SCANT
EXCESSIVE
C.
D.
VOMITING
EXIT
THE STEM "FEBRI" IN THE WORD AFEBRILE MEANS:

A.
B.
MD0010
FEVER
FUNGUS
C.
D.
2-73
FAT
FEELING
23.
THE STEM "ENCEPHALO" IN THE WORD ENCEPHALITIS MEANS:

A.
B.
24.
C.
D.
SPINE
TOOTH
THE STEM "ARTERIO" IN THE WORD ARTERIOSCLEROSIS MEANS:

A.
B.
25.
BRAIN
HEAD
VEIN
ARTERY
C.
D.
JOINT
CARTILAGE
THE STEM "LAPARO" IN THE WORD LAPARATOMY MEANS:

A.
B.
ABDOMINAL WALL
CELL WALL
C.
D.
URINARY BLADDER
STOMACH
Check your answers on the following pages
MD0010
2-74
SOLUTIONS FOR SELF-ASSESSMENT #1

Stems
1. G (BONE) OSTEO
2. O (JOINT) ARTHRO
3. K (HEART) CARDIO
4. A (URINE) URO/URIA
5. M (FAT) LIPO
6. B (BLOOD) HEMO/HEMATO
7. N (CLOT) THROMBO
8. C (CELL) CYTO
9. D (RIB) COSTO
10. E (TONGUE) LINGUA/GLOSSA
11. F (GALLBLADDER) CHOLECYSTO
12. H (KIDNEY) NEPHRO/RENA
13. I (NERVE) NEURO
14. J (STOMACH) GASTRO
15. L (EXTREMITY) ACRO
MD0010
2-75
SOLUTIONS FOR SELF-ASSESSMENTQUIZ #1

Stems
16.
THE STEM "CHONDRO" IN THE WORD CHONDRITIS MEANS:

C.
17.
THE STEM "MYO" IN THE WORD MYOPLASM MEANS:

B.
18.
BRAIN
THE STEM "ARTERIO" IN THE WORD ARTERIOSCLEROSIS MEANS:

B.
25.
FEVER
THE STEM "ENCEPHALO" IN THE WORD ENCEPHALITIS MEANS:

A.
24.
VOMITING
THE STEM "FEBRI" IN THE WORD AFEBRILE MEANS:

A.
23.
FUNGUS
THE STEM "EMESIS" IN THE WORD HYPEREMESIS MEANS:

C.
22.
GLAND
THE STEM "MYCO" IN THE WORD MYCOSIS MEANS:

D.
21.
LIVER
THE STEM "ADENO" IN THE WORD ADENECTOMY MEANS:

D.
20.
MUSCLE
THE STEM "HEPATO" IN THE WORD HEPATITIS MEANS:

B.
19.
CARTILAGE
ARTERY
THE STEM "LAPARO" IN THE WORD LAPARATOMY MEANS:

A.
MD0010
ABDOMINAL WALL
2-76
SOLUTIONS TO PRETEST #1
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
eye
ear
birth/fever
tube
ovary
stone
urine
testicle
bladder
urethra
gall
uterus, tubes, and ovaries
herniation
feeling/sensation
fear
disorder
bone
brain (cerebrum)
nerve
sugar
swelling
extremities
eating
spleen
lymph
brain
fat
pus
tears
cells
clot
arteries
veins
vessel
vessel
MD0010
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
2-77
liver
rectum/anus
colon
jejunum - ileum
mental
intestine
stomach
gums
tears
lips
duodenum
mouth
breathing
air
abdominal wall
tongue
bronchial
nose
nose
larynx
nails
ribs
abdomen
tendon
muscle
spinal cord
cartilage
joint
tympanic membrane
cornea
pharynx
eyelid
blood
dead
fungus
SOLUTION TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY CROSSWORD PUZZLE
MD0010
2-78
LESSON ASSIGNMENT
LESSON 3
Prefixes Pertaining to Medical Terminology.
LESSON ASSIGNMENT
LESSON OBJECTIVES
After completing this lesson, you should be able to:

3-1. Given 10 of the 50 Latin and Greek medical related
prefixes and a list of English meanings for these prefixes,
write the English meaning in the space provided without
error.
3-2. Given 10 multiple choice questions on medical
prefixes, select the most appropriate answer without
error.
MD0010
3-1
LESSON 3
Section I. PRETEST #2
Before you turn to frame 132 and begin work on your study of prefixes in medical
terminology, complete pretest #2. The pretest contains 31 questions relating to medical
terminology prefixes. If you correctly answer 90% or more of the questions, you pass the
pretest. A score of 90% on this pretest is 27 correct answers.
1.
Malnutrition means
nutrition.
2.
Noctiphobia is an abnormal fear of
3.
Dysmenorrhea means
4.
Hydrotherapy is treatment with
5.
Macrorhinia means
6.
A baby born with a microcephalus had a very
7.
A melanoma is a
8.
Cyanopia is a defect in vision that causes objects to appear

.
9.
Erythroderma means
.
menstrual flow.
.
nose.
head.
tumor.
skin.
10.
A leukoblast is a
11.
Oligopnea means
12.
Bradypepsia means
digestion.
13.
Tachyphasia means
speech.
14.
A monocyte has
cell(s).
15.
Asepsia means
infection.
16.
Hyperalgesia is
17.
Hemifacial means pertaining to one
MD0010
embryonic cell.
breathing.
sensitivity to pain.
of the face.
3-2
18.
Polyarthritis means inflammation of
joints.
19.
Ectogenous is something produced
an organism.
20.
Pericolic is a word for
21.
A medication administered hypoglossal is placed
22.
Subaural means
the ear.
23.
Postcibal means
meals.
24.
Ectocytic means
25.
An antiseptic is a drug that works
26.
Endocranial means
the cranium.
27.
Retrosternal means
the sternum.
28.
Ante mortem is
death.
29.
Preoperative is
surgery.
30.
An interdental cavity is
the teeth.
31.
Bilateral means pertaining to
the colon.
the cell.
infection.
side(s).
MD0010
3-3
the tongue.
Section II. PREFIXES - GENERAL INFORMATION

Prefixes are one or more letters or syllables which come before the stem (at the beginning
of a word) to explain or add meaning to the rest of the term.
******************************************
132 A prefix comes __________ the stem.
before
******************************************
133 In the term unforgettable, "forget" is the
stem and "un" is the __________.
prefix
******************************************
134 In the words implant, supplant, and
transplant, the prefixes are ______,
______, and ______.
imp/sup/trans
******************************************
135 You can change the meaning of
a term by putting a prefix before the
__________.
stem
******************************************
136 Prefixes are the most frequently used
elements in the formation of Greek and
Latin words, but not every word
contains a __________.
prefix
******************************************
137 Prefixes may be divided into various
categories of meaning depending on
how they modify the stem, such as
location, time, amount, color, negation,
size, or position. Prefixes
may be divided into various categories
of __________.
meaning
******************************************
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3-4
138 To reinforce what you have learned,

please write the correct word in each
of the blanks in the following
sentences.
a. A prefix comes __________ the
stem.
before (frame 132)
******************************************
b. In the term unforgettable, "forget" is
the stem and "un" is the __________.
prefix (frame 133)
******************************************
c. In the words implant, supplant, and
transplant, the prefixes are _____,
_____, and _____.
imp/sup/trans (frame 134)
******************************************
d. You can change the meaning of
a term by putting a prefix before the
__________.
stem (frame 135)
******************************************
e. Not every Greek or Latin word
contains a __________.
prefix (frame 136)
******************************************
f. Prefixes may be divided into various
categories of __________.
meaning (frame 137)
******************************************
If you missed any of the questions in frame 138, please review the appropriate frame(s)
before continuing to frame 139.
MD0010
3-5
Section III. PREFIXES - PERTAINING TO LOCATION

We will now study the prefixes that indicate location.
******************************************
139 The prefix intra- means inside or
within. The dash after intra- indicates
that the stem comes __________
(before, after) the prefix.
after
******************************************
140 By combining the prefix intra- with the
stem abdominal, you know it means
__________ the abdomen.
in"trah-ab-dom'i-nal
inside/within
******************************************
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3-6
141 Endo- is also a prefix meaning within

or inside. Metro is the stem meaning
uterus. Endometritis, then, is a word
which means inflammation
__________ the uterus.
en"do-me-tri'tis
inside/within
******************************************
142 Peri- is a prefix which means around
or surrounding. Cardio is the stem for
heart. Pericarditis, then, is a word
which means inflammation
__________ the heart.
per"i-kar-di'tis
around/surrounding
******************************************
143 Ec- and ecto- are prefixes which mean
out and outside. An ectopic
pregnancy, for example, is a
pregnancy which occurs __________
the uterine cavity.
ek-top'ik
outside
******************************************
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3-7
144 Em- and en- are also prefixes which

mean within or inside. Empyema, for
example, means pus __________ a
body cavity.
em"pi-e'mah
inside/within
******************************************
145 Retro- and post- are prefixes which
mean behind. Retrocardial means
located __________ the heart and
postnasal means situated
__________ the nose.
ret"ro-kar'de-al
post-na'zal
behind, behind
******************************************
146 The prefixes sub- and hypo- mean
under. Subcutaneous, for example,
means __________ the skin, and a
hypodermic needle is one that is
inserted __________ the skin.
sub"ku-ta'ne-us
hi"po-der'mik
under, under
******************************************
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3-8
147 Inter- is a prefix meaning between.

The stem, costal, means ribs.
Therefore, intercostal muscles are
muscles which are __________ the
ribs.
in"ter-kos'tal
between
******************************************
148 In review, given the meaning of each of
the following prefixes which indicate
location:
a. intra-/endo-: __________
inside/within (frames 140 & 141)
******************************************
b. peri-: __________
around/surrounding (frame 142)
******************************************
c. ec-/ecto-: __________
out/outside (frame 143)
******************************************
d. em-/en-: __________
within/inside (frame 144)
******************************************
e. retro-/post-: __________
behind (frame 145)
******************************************
f. sub-/hypo-: __________
under (frame 146)
******************************************
g. inter-: __________
between (frame 147)
******************************************
MD0010
3-9

learned, write the correct word in each
of the blanks in the following
sentences:
a. The dash after intra- indicates that
the stem comes __________ (before,
after) the prefix.
after (frame 139)
******************************************
b. Intra-abdominal means
__________ the abdomen.
inside/within (frame 140)
******************************************
c. Endometritis means inflammation
__________ the uterus.
******************************************
d. Pericarditis means inflammation
__________ the heart.
around (frame 142)
******************************************
e. Ectopic pregnancy is one which
occurs __________ the uterine cavity.
outside (frame 143)
******************************************
f. Empyema is a condition where there
is an accumulation of pus __________
a body cavity.
******************************************
g. Retrocardial means located
__________ the heart.
behind (frame 145)
******************************************
MD0010
3-10
h. Postnasal means situated

__________ the nose.
behind (frame 145)
******************************************
i. Subcutaneous indicates
__________ the skin.
under (frame 146)
******************************************
j. A hypodermic needle is one that is
inserted __________ the skin.
under (frame 146)
******************************************
k. Intercostal muscles are muscles
which are __________ the ribs.
between (frame 147)
******************************************
Section IV. PREFIXES - PERTAINING TO TIME

We will now study the prefixes that indicate time.
******************************************
150 The prefixes ante- and pre- mean
before. By combining the prefix antewith the stem partum, you know that
antepartum means __________
childbirth.
an'te-par'tum
before
******************************************
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3-11
151 A preoperative medication is a

medication which is given
__________ (before, during, after)
surgery.
pre-op'er-a-tiv
before
******************************************
152 The prefix post- also means after.
Consequently, a postoperative
complication is a complication which
occurred (before, during, after)
surgery.
post-op'er-a-tiv
after
******************************************
153 In review, give the meaning of each of
time:
a. ante-: __________
before (frame 150)
******************************************
b. pre-: __________
before (frame 151)
******************************************
c. post-: __________
after (frame 152)
******************************************
learned, please write the correct word
in each of the blanks in the following
sentences:
a. Antepartum means __________
childbirth.
before (frame 150)
******************************************
MD0010
3-12
b. A preoperative medication is one

which is given __________ surgery.
before (frame 151)
******************************************
c. A postoperative complication is one
occurring __________ surgery.
after (frame 152)
******************************************
Section V: PREFIXES - PERTAINING TO NEGATION

We will now study prefixes that indicate negation.
******************************************
155 The prefixes a- or- an mean without or
absence of. Therefore, afebrile means
__________ fever.
a-feb'ril
without/absence of
******************************************
156 The stem esthesia means feeling.
Therefore, anesthesia means
__________ feeling.
an"es-the'ze-ah
without
******************************************
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3-13
157 The prefix anti- means against. The

term antitoxin means __________
toxin or poison.
an"ti-tok'sin
against
******************************************
negation:
a. a-: __________
without/absence of (frame 155)
******************************************
b. an-: __________
without (frame 156)
******************************************
c. anti-: __________
against (frame 157)
******************************************
sentences:
a. Afebrile means __________
fever.
******************************************
b. Anesthesia means __________
feeling.
******************************************
c. Antitoxin means __________ toxin
or poison.
against (frame 157)
******************************************
MD0010
3-14
Section VI. PREFIXES - PERTAINING TO AMOUNT OR COMPARISON

We will now study prefixes thatindicate amount or comparison.
******************************************
160 Uni and mono- are prefixes which
mean one or single. Monocyte, for
example, refers to a __________ cell.
A unicycle has one wheel.
mon'o-sit
single
******************************************
161 Bi- is a prefix indicating the number
two. Bi-lateral, then, refers to
__________ sides. A bicycle has two
wheels.
bi-lat'er-al
two
******************************************
162 The prefix for three is tri. Therefore,
the valve in the heart which has
__________ parts is called the
tricuspid valve. A tricycle has three
wheels.
tri-kus'pid
three
******************************************
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3-15
163 The prefix quadri- means four. A

person with quadriplegia has paralysis
in all __________ limbs.
kwod"ri-ple'je-ah
four
******************************************
164 The prefixes multi- and poly- mean
many or much. A person with
polyneuritis has inflammation of
__________ nerves.
pol"e-nu-ri'tis
many
******************************************
165 The prefixes hemi- and semi- mean
half. A person with hemiplegia has
paralysis on one-______ of the body.
hem"e-ple'je-ah
half
******************************************
166 A person who is semiconscious is
__________ conscious.
sem"e-kno'shus
half
******************************************
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3-16
167 The prefix hypo- also means too little,

or low. Therefore, a person with
hypotension has __________ blood
pressure.
hi"po-ten'shun
low
******************************************
168 Hyper- is a prefix that is just the
opposite of hypo-. Hyper means
above or high. A person with
hypertension, then, has blood pressure
above the normal or __________
blood pressure.
hi"per-ten'shun
high
******************************************
169 Emesis, as you know from lesson 2, is
a word that means vomiting. A word
that means excessive vomiting is
__________ emesis.
hi"per-em'e-sis
hyper
******************************************
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3-17
170 The prefix for fast is tachy-. A person

with tachycardia has an abnormally
__________ heartbeat.
tak'e-kar'de-ah
fast
******************************************
171 The prefix for slow is brady-. A person
with bradycardia has an abnormally
brad"e-kar'de-ah
slow
******************************************
172 The prefix for little or scanty is oligo-.
The stem meaning urine is -uria.
Therefore, oliguria means
__________ or __________ urine.
ol"i-gu're-ah
little/scanty
******************************************
amount or comparison:
a. Mono-: __________
one/single (frame 160)
******************************************
MD0010
3-18
b. Bi-: __________
two/double (frame 161)
******************************************
c. Tri-: __________
three (frame 162)
******************************************
d. Quadri: __________
four (frame 163)
******************************************
e. Multi-/Poly-: __________
many/much (frame 164)
******************************************
f. Hemi-/Semi-: __________
half (frame 165)
******************************************
g. Hypo-: __________
low (frame 167)
******************************************
h. Hyper-: __________
high (frame 168)
******************************************
i. Tachy-: __________
fast (frame 170)
******************************************
j. Brady-: __________
slow (frame 171)
******************************************
k. Oligo-: __________
little/scanty (frame 172)
******************************************
MD0010
3-19

sentences.
a. Monocyte refers to a _________
cell.
single (frame 160)
******************************************
b. Bilateral refers to __________
sides.
two (frame 161)
******************************************
c. The tricuspid valve in the heart has
__________ parts.
three (frame 162)
******************************************
d. A person with quadriplegia has
paralysis of __________ limbs.
four (frame 163)
******************************************
e. The medical term polyneuritis
indicates inflammation of __________
nerves.
many (frame 164)
******************************************
f. When a person has hemiplegia, he
has paralysis on one-__________ of
the body.
half (frame 165)
******************************************
g. A person who is semiconscious is
__________ conscious.
half (frame 165)
******************************************
h. A person with hypotension has
__________ blood pressure.
low (frame 167)
******************************************
MD0010
3-20
i. A person with hypertension has

__________ blood pressure.
high (frame 168)
******************************************
j. Tachycardia indicates an abnormally
fast (frame 170)
******************************************
k. Bradycardia refers to an abnormally
slow (frame 171)
******************************************
l. Oliguria means __________ urine.
little/scanty (frame 172)
******************************************
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3-21
Section VII. PREFIXES - PERTAINING TO COLOR

We will now study the prefixes that indicate color.
******************************************
175 The prefix leuko- means white. A
leukocyte, then, refers to a
__________ blood cell.
lu'ko-sit
white
******************************************
176 Erythro- is a prefix meaning red. An
erythrocyte, therefore, refers to a
__________ blood cell.
e-rith'ro-sit
red
******************************************
177 Cyano- is a prefix meaning blue.
Cyanosis refers to a __________
condition of the skin.
si"ah-no'sis
blue/bluish
******************************************
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3-22
178 Melano- is a prefix meaning dark or

black. A melanoma is a malignant or
__________ tumor.
mel"ah-no'mah
dark/black
******************************************
An Invitation to Your Love
Oh! Beauty rare with eyes cyano,
Shimmering, shining hair melano,
Pearly teeth, and lips erythro,
Cheeks where only peaches will grow,
Warm and lovely skin so leuko,
Come with me into my nook-o?
the following prefixes which indicates
color.
a. Leuko-: __________
white (frame 175)
******************************************
b. Erythro-: __________
red (frame 176)
******************************************
c. Cyano-: __________
blue (frame 177)
******************************************
d. Melano-: __________
dark/black (frame 178)
******************************************
MD0010
3-23

sentences.
a. A leukocyte is a __________ blood
cell.
white (frame 175)
******************************************
b. An erythrocyte is a __________
blood cell.
red (frame 176)
******************************************
c. Cyanosis is a __________
condition of the skin.
blue (frame 177)
******************************************
d. When someone has a melanoma,
he has a malignant __________ mole
or tumor.
dark/black (frame 178)
******************************************
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3-24
Section VIII. PREFIXES - PERTAINING TO SIZE AND POSITION

We will now study the prefixes thatindicate size.
******************************************
181 Micro- is a prefix meaning small. A
cyte is a stem meaning cell. A
microcyte, therefore, is a very
__________ cell.
mi'kro-sit
small
******************************************
182 A word indicating smallness of heart is
__________cardia.
mi"kro-kar'de-ah
microcardia
******************************************
183 Macro- is a prefix which means the
opposite of micro. Macro- is used in
words to mean __________.
mak'ro-sit
large
******************************************
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3-25
184 Things that are macroscopic can be

seen with the naked eye. Very large
cells are called __________cytes.
mak"ro-scop'ik
macrocytes
******************************************
185 Mega- is also a prefix which means
large. A megacolon is an abnormally
__________ colon.
meg"ah-ko'lon
large
******************************************
We will now study the prefixes that indicate position.
******************************************
186 Antero- is a prefix meaning anterior
part or in front of. Latero- is a prefix
meaning side. Therefore, anterolateral
means situated in __________ and to
one _________.
an"ter-o-lat'er-al
front/side
******************************************
MD0010
3-26
187 Dextro- is a prefix which means to the

right. Dextrocardia, therefore, refers to
having the heart on the __________
side of the body.
deks"tro-kar'de-ah
right
******************************************
188 Levo- is a prefix meaning to the left.
Levoversion is a term which means the
act of turning to the __________.
le"vo-ver'zhun
left
******************************************
189 Medio- is a prefix meaning middle.
The medial part of the body pertains to
the __________.
me'de-al
middle
******************************************
size and position.
a. Micro: __________
small (frame 181)
******************************************
MD0010
3-27
b. Macro-: __________
large (frame 183)
******************************************
c. Mega-: __________
large (frame 185)
******************************************
d. Antero-: __________
to the front (frame 186)
******************************************
e. Latero-: __________
to the side (frame 186)
******************************************
f. Dextro-: __________
to the right (frame 187)
******************************************
g. Levo-: __________
to the left (frame 188)
******************************************
h. Medio-: __________
middle (frame 189)
******************************************
in each blank in the following
sentences.
a. A microcyte is a very __________
cell.
small (frame 181)
******************************************
b. Macrocytes are very __________
cells.
large (frame 183)
******************************************
MD0010
3-28
c. A person with a megacolon has an

abnormally __________ colon.
large (frame 185)
******************************************
d. Anterolateral means in
__________ and to one __________.
front/side (frame 186)
******************************************
e. If the heart is on the __________
side of the body, it is referred to as
dextrocardia.
right (frame 187)
******************************************
f. Levoversion means the act of turning
to the __________.
left (frame 188)
******************************************
g. The medial part of the body is
called the __________ part.
middle (frame 189)
******************************************
MD0010
3-29
Section IX. PREFIXES - PERTAINING TO MISCELLANEOUS ITEMS

We will now conclude our study of the prefixes with some miscellaneous ones.
******************************************
192 Hydro- is a prefix meaning water.
Hydrophobia, then, means fear of
__________.
hi"dro-fo'be-ah
water
******************************************
193 Dys- is a prefix meaning difficult or
painful. A patient with dyspnea would
be experiencing __________ or
__________ breathing.
disp'ne-ah
difficult/painful
******************************************
194 Nox- and noct- are prefixes meaning
night. Nocturia, therefore, means
urination during the __________.
nok-tu're-ah
night
******************************************
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3-30
195 Mal- is a prefix meaning bad.

Malodorous means having a
__________ odor.
mal-o'der-es
bad
******************************************
196 Pan- is a prefix meaning total or all. A
panhysterectomy, therefore, is a
__________ hysterectomy.
pan"his-ter-ek'to-me
total
******************************************
the following prefixes.
a. Hydro-: __________
water (frame 192)
******************************************
b. Dys-: __________
difficult/painful (frame 193)
******************************************
c. Nox/Noct-: __________
night (frame 194)
******************************************
d. Mal-: __________
bad (frame 195)
******************************************
e. Pan-: __________
all or total (frame 196)
******************************************
MD0010
3-31

in each blank in the following
sentences.
a. A person with hydrophobia has a
__________ of water.
fear (frame 192)
******************************************
b. A patient with dyspnea would be
experiencing __________ or
__________ breathing.
difficult/painful (frame 193)
******************************************
c. Nocturia means urination at
__________.
night (frame 194)
******************************************
d. If something is malodorous, it has a
__________ odor.
bad (frame 195)
******************************************
e. A panhysterectomy is a
__________ hysterectomy.
total (frame 196)
******************************************
frame(s) before continuing.
MD0010
3-32
Section X. SELF-ASSESSMENT #2
You have now completed lesson 3. To evaluate how well you have learned the prefixes
covered in lesson 3, complete the self-assessment #2 questions. This self-assessment is
to assist you in determining whether you need to go back and review parts of lesson 3
before going to lesson 4.
When you have completed lesson 3 to your satisfaction, go to lesson 4.
MD0010
3-33
SELF-ASSESSMENT #2
Prefixes
LISTED BELOW IN COLUMN "A" ARE 10 OF THE 50 LATIN AND GREEK PREFIXES
GIVEN TO YOU. IN COLUMN "B" ARE THE ENGLISH MEANINGS OF THESE
PREFIXES. MATCH THE TWO, AND WRITE THE ENGLISH MEANING FROM COLUMN
"B" IN COLUMN "A."
EXAMPLE: BI = TWO
COLUMN A
COLUMN B
1.
HYPO
A.
BETWEEN
2.
NOX, NOCT
B.
LOW/UNDER
3.
POLY
C.
DIFFICULT/PAINFUL
4.
CYANO
D.
FAST
5.
INTER
E.
AROUND/SURROUNDING
6.
PERI
F.
ONE
7.
DYS
G.
EXCESSIVE/TOO MUCH
8.
TACHY
H.
MANY/MUCH
9.
MONO
I.
BLUE
10.
HYPER
J.
NIGHT
MD0010
3-34
PREFIXES
11.
THE PREFIX "SUB" IN THE WORD SUBCUTANEOUS MEANS:

A.
B.
12.
LOW
FEW
AIR
LIQUID
C.
D.
GAS
WATER
WITHOUT
WITHIN
C.
D.
IN
AROUND
LOW
FAST
C.
D.
SLOW
FEW
THE PREFIX "ERYTHRO" IN THE WORD ERYTHROCYTE MEANS:

A.
B.
17.
C.
D.
THE PREFIX "TACHY" IN THE WORD TACHYCARDIA MEANS:

A.
B.
16.
FAST
SLOW
THE PREFIX "A" IN THE WORD AFEBRILE MEANS:

A.
B.
15.
UNDER
JOINT
THE PREFIX "HYDRO" IN THE WORD HYDROPHOBIA MEANS:

A.
B.
14.
C.
D.
THE PREFIX "BRADY" IN THE WORD BRADYCARDIA MEANS:

A.
B.
13.
OVER
RIB
BLUE
WHITE
C.
D.
RED
BLACK
THE PREFIX "AN" IN THE WORD ANESTHESIA MEANS:

A.
B.
MD0010
WITHIN
WITHOUT
C.
D.
3-35
IN
OUT
PREFIXES
18.
THE PREFIX "OLIGO" IN THE WORD OLIGURIA MEANS:

A.
B.
19.
C.
D.
SMALL
MANY/MUCH
THE PREFIX "DEXTRO" IN THE WORD DEXTROCARDIA MEANS:

A.
B.
20.
FEW/SCANTY
LARGE
RIGHT
LEFT
C.
D.
MIDDLE
SIDE
THE PREFIX "EM" IN THE WORD EMPYEMA MEANS:

A.
B.
BETWEEN
UNDER
C.
D.
OUT
IN
MD0010
3-36

1. B (LOW/UNDER) HYPO
2. J (NIGHT) NOX, NOCT
3. H (MANY/MUCH) POLY
4. I (BLUE) CYANO
5. A (BETWEEN) INTER
6. E (AROUND/SURROUNDING) PERI
7. C (DIFFICULT/PAINFUL) DYS
8. D (FAST) TACHY
9. F (ONE) MONO
10. G (EXCESSIVE/TOO MUCH) HYPER
MD0010
3-37
SOLUTIONS FOR SELF-ASSESSMENT QUIZ #2

11.
THE PREFIX "SUB" IN THE WORD SUBCUTANEOUS MEANS:

C.
12.
THE PREFIX "BRADY" IN THE WORD BRADYCARDIA MEANS:

B.
13.
FEW/SCANTY
THE PREFIX "DEXTRO" IN THE WORD DEXTROCARDIA MEANS:

A.
20.
WITHOUT
THE PREFIX "OLIGO" IN THE WORD OLIGURIA MEANS:

A.
19.
RED
THE PREFIX "AN" IN THE WORD ANESTHESIA MEANS:

B.
18.
FAST
THE PREFIX "ERYTHRO" IN THE WORD ERYTHROCYTE MEANS:

C.
17.
WITHOUT
THE PREFIX "TACHY" IN THE WORD TACHYCARDIA MEANS:

B.
16.
WATER
THE PREFIX "A" IN THE WORD AFEBRILE MEANS:

A.
15.
SLOW
THE PREFIX "HYDRO" IN THE WORD HYDROPHOBIA MEANS:

D.
14.
UNDER
RIGHT
THE PREFIX "EM" IN THE WORD EMPYEMA MEANS:

D.
MD0010
IN
3-38
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
Poor/bad
Night
Painful/difficult
Water
Large
Small
Black
Blue
Red
White
Scant
Slow
Fast or rapid
One
Free from/without
Excessive
Half
Many
Outside
Around
Under
Below
After
Outside
Against
Inside
Behind
Before
Before
Between
Two/both
MD0010
3-39
LESSON ASSIGNMENT
LESSON 4
Suffixes Pertaining to Medical Terminology.
LESSON ASSIGNMENT
LESSON OBJECTIVES
After completing this lesson, you should be able to:

Give 10 of the 35 Latin and Greek medical suffixes and a
list of English meanings of these suffixes, write the
English meaning in the space provided without error.
MD0010
4-1
LESSON 4
Section I. PRETEST #3
Before you turn to frame 199 and begin work on your study of suffixes in medical
terminology, complete pretest #3. The pretest contains 28 questions relating to medical
terminology suffixes.
If you correctly answer 90% or more of the questions, you pass the pretest and should
proceed to the final examination. A score of 90% on this pretest is 27 correct answers.
**************************************************************************
If you pass the pretest for lesson 2, lesson 3, and lesson 4,
with 90% accuracy, go to the final examination
**************************************************************************
1.
Arthropathy is a
2.
Enterorrhagia means
of the small intestine.
3.
Angiosclerosis is the
of blood vessels.
4.
Osteomalacia means
of the bone.
5.
Lipolysis is the
6.
Gastrectasia is the
7.
Cephalalgia is term for
8.
Cyanemia means blue
9.
Myelocele is the protrusion or
10.
Dermatosis means any skin
11.
Oophoroma is an ovarian
12.
Encephalitis is
13.
A cardiocentesis is a
MD0010
of the joints.
of fat.
of the stomach.
in the head.
.
of the spinal cord.
.
.
of the brain.
of the heart.
4-2
14.
Rhinorrhea is a
from the nose.
15.
Pyeloplasty is the
16.
Spermapenia means a
17.
A nephropexy is the
18.
An arthrotomy is an
19.
Esophagoduodenostomy is a new
duodenum.
20.
A stomatoscopy is an
21.
Neurorrhaphy means
22.
Hysteroptosis is the
23.
Hematophobia is an abnormal
24.
Acromegaly means that the extremities are
25.
Keratectasia means
of the cornea.
26.
Hypertrophy means
27.
Appendectomy is the surgical
28.
Hepatorrhexis is the
of the renal pelvis.

of spermatozoa.
of a kidney.
into a joint.
between the esophagus and the
of the mouth with an instrument.
a nerve.
of the uterus.
of blood.
.
of the appendix.
of the liver.
MD0010
4-3
Section II. SUFFIXES - GENERAL INFORMATION AND DISEASES

Suffixes are the final element which we will study in analyzing medical terms. Normally,
when reading or breaking down a medical word, begin with the suffix.
******************************************
199 When reading or breaking down a
medical term, we usually begin with the
__________.
suffix
******************************************
200 A suffix is a letter or syllable at the end
of a word which adds meaning to the
word.
A letter or syllable at the end of a word
which adds to its meaning is called a
__________.
suffix
******************************************
Like prefixes, suffixes could be placed into
different categories of meaning.
201 Suffixes differ from prefixes, however,
in that a suffix comes (before, after) the
stem.
after
******************************************
Most suffixes are in common use in English,
but a few are peculiar to medicine. The
suffixes most commonly used to indicate
disease are -itis, meaning inflammation; oma, meaning tumor; and
-osis, meaning condition, usually morbid.
202 Suffixes commonly used to
indicate disease are __________,
__________, and __________.
itis/oma/osis
******************************************
MD0010
4-4

sentences:
a. A letter or syllable at the end of a
word which adds to its meaning is
called a __________.
suffix (frame 199)
******************************************
b. When reading or breaking down a
medical term, we usually begin with the
__________.
suffix (frame 200)
******************************************
c. Suffixes differ from prefixes in that a
suffix comes __________ (before,
after) the stem.
after (frame 201)
******************************************
d. Suffixes commonly used to indicate
disease are __________,
__________, and __________.
itis/oma/osis (frame 202)
******************************************
If you missed any of the questions in frame 203, please review the appropriate frame(s)
before continuing to frame 204.
MD0010
4-5
Section III. SUFFIXES - PERTAINING TO DIAGNOSIS

We will now look at the diagnostic suffixes.
******************************************
204 The suffix -cele means hernia,
protrusion, or tumor. A gastrocele,
then, is a protrusion or __________ of
the stomach.
gas'tro-sel
hernia
******************************************
205 -Emia is the suffix for blood. A word
we are all familiar with is leukemia,
which is an abnormal amount of
immature white blood cells.
Hypoglycemia is a low amount of
sugar in the __________.
lu-ke'me-ah
hi"po-gli-se'me-ah
blood
******************************************
206 -Ectasis and -ectasia are suffixes
meaning dilation, dilatation, or
expansion. Angiectasis, then, is
abnormal __________ of a blood
vessel.
an"je-ek'tah-sis
expanding/dilation/dilatation
******************************************
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4-6
207 The suffix for condition, formation of, or

presence of is -iasis. Nephrolithiasis,
therefore, is a __________ of stones
in the kidney.
nef"ro-li-thi'ah-sis
condition
******************************************
208 The suffix for inflammation is -itis.
Encephalitis, then, is __________ of
the brain.
en"sef-ah-li'tis
inflammation
******************************************
209 The suffix for softening is -malacia.
Therefore, chondromalacia is
__________ of the cartilage.
kon"dro-mah-la'she-ah
softening
******************************************
MD0010
4-7
210 The suffix for enlargement is

-megaly. The stems for liver and
spleen, as you will recall, are hepato
and spleno. Hepatosplenomegaly,
then, is __________ of the liver and
spleen.
hep"ah-to-sple"no-meg'ah-le
enlargement
******************************************
211 The suffix for hardening is -sclerosis.
The stem for artery, as you will recall,
is arterio. Arteriosclerosis, then, is
__________ of the arteries.
ar-te"re-o-skle-ro'sis
hardening
******************************************
212 The suffix for tumor is -oma; thus a
lipoma is a fatty __________.
li-po'mah
tumor
******************************************
213 The suffix for condition or disease is osis. Dermatophytosis, then, is a
__________ of fungus of the skin.
der"mah-to-fi-to'sis
condition
******************************************
MD0010
4-8
214 The suffix for disease is -pathy. Thus,

neuropathy is a __________ of the
nerves.
nu-rop'ah-the
disease
******************************************
215 The suffix for prolapse or downward
displacement is ptosis. The stem for
eyelid, as you will recall, is blepharo.
Therefore, a blepharoptosis is a
__________ __________of the
eyelid.
blef"ah-ro-to'sis
downward displacement
******************************************
216 The suffix for rupture is -rrhexis.
Cardiiiorrhexis, then, is a __________
of the heart.
kar"de-o-rek'sis
rupture
******************************************
217 The suffix for growth or nourishment is trophy. The medical term for
excessive __________, then, is
hypertrophy.
hi-per'tro-fe
growth
******************************************
MD0010
4-9
218 The suffix for fear is -phobia.

Hydrophobia, then, is a __________
of water.
hi"dro-fo'be-ah
fear
******************************************
the following diagnostic suffixes:
a. -cele means: __________
hernia, protrusion, tumor (frame 204)
******************************************
b. -emia means: __________
in the blood (frame 205)
******************************************
c. -ectasis means: __________
dilation, dilatation, or expansion
(frame 206)
******************************************
d. -iasis means: __________
condition, formation of, presence of
(frame 207)
******************************************
e. -itis means: __________
inflammation (frame 208)
******************************************
f. -malacia means: __________
softening (frame 209)
******************************************
g. -megaly means: __________
enlargement (frame 210)
******************************************
MD0010
4-10
h. -sclerosis means: __________

hardening (frame 211)
******************************************
i. -oma means: __________
tumor (frame 212)
******************************************
j. -osis means: __________
condition (frame 213)
******************************************
k. -pathy means: __________
disease (frame 214)
******************************************
l. -ptosis means: __________
prolapse/downward displacement
(frame 215)
******************************************
m. -rrhexis means: __________
rupture (frame 216)
******************************************
n. -trophy means: __________
growth/nourishment (frame 217)
******************************************
o. -phobia means: __________
fear (frame 218)
******************************************
220 To further review what you have
sentences.
a. A gastrocele is a protrusion or
__________ of the stomach.
hernia (frame 204)
******************************************
MD0010
4-11
b. Hypoglycemia is a low amount of

sugar in the __________.
blood (frame 205)
******************************************
c. Angiectasis is abnormal
__________ of a blood vessel.
dilation (frame 206)
******************************************
d. Nephrolithiasis is a __________ of
stones in the kidney.
dilation (frame 206)
******************************************
e. Encephalitis is __________ of the
brain.
inflammation (frame 208)
******************************************
f. Chondromalacia is __________ of
the cartilage.
softening (frame 209)
******************************************
g. Hepatosplenomegaly is the
__________ of the liver and spleen.
enlargement (frame 210)
******************************************
h. Arteriosclerosis is __________ of
the arteries.
hardening (frame 211)
******************************************
i.A lipoma is a fatty __________.
tumor (frame 212)
******************************************
j. Dermatophytosis is a fungus
__________ of the skin.
condition (frame 213)
******************************************
MD0010
4-12
k. Neuropathy is a __________ of the

nerves.
disease (frame 214)
******************************************
l. Blepharoptosis is a __________
__________ of the eyelid.
downward displacement (frame 215)
******************************************
m. Cardiorrhexis is a __________ of
the heart.
rupture (frame 216)
******************************************
n. Hypertrophy is the medical
term for excessive __________.
growth (frame 217)
******************************************
o. Hydrophobia is a __________ of
water.
fear (frame 218)
******************************************
MD0010
4-13
Section IV. SUFFIXES - PERTAINING TO OPERATIVE PROCEDURES

Now let's look at the operative suffixes.
******************************************
221 The suffix for removal or excision is
-ectomy. The stem, salpingo, means
tube, and the stem, oophoro, means
ovary. A salpingo-oophorectomy,
therefore, is the __________ or
__________ of tubes and ovaries.
sal-ping"go-o"of-o-rek'to-me
removal/excision
******************************************
222 The stem cholecysto, as you recall,
means gallbladder. Removal or
excision of the gallbladder, therefore,
is called a __________.
ko"le-sis-tek'to-me
cholecystectomy
******************************************
223 The suffix for inspection or examination
is -scopy. A bronchoscopy, then is an
__________ of the bronchi.
brong-kos'ko-pe
inspection/examination
******************************************
MD0010
4-14
224 -stomy is the suffix meaning surgical

creation of an artificial opening.
Therefore, a colostomy is an
__________ into the colon.
ko-los'to-me
artificial opening
******************************************
225 -tomy is the suffix meaning incision or
cutting into. A laparotomy, then, is an
__________ in the abdominal wall.
lap-ah-rot'o-me
incision
******************************************
226 The suffix for binding or fixation is
-desis. Arthrodesis, then, is the
medical term for surgical
__________/__________ of a joint.
ar"thro-de'sis
binding/fixation
******************************************
MD0010
4-15
227 The suffix for suspension or fixation is pexy. An orchiopexy is __________

of an undescended testis.
or"ke-o-pek'se
suspension/fixation
******************************************
228 The suffix for plastic repair of is
-plasty. Tympano, as you recall, is the
stem for eardrum. Tympanoplasty,
then, is the term
for __________ __________ of the
eardrum.
tim"pah-no-plas'te
plastic repair
******************************************
229 The suffix -centesis means puncture.
Arthrocentesis, therefore, means
__________ of a joint for the removal
of fluid.
ar"thro-sen-te'sis
puncture
******************************************
MD0010
4-16
230 The suffix for suture repair is

-rrhaphy. Neurorraphy is the medical
term for __________ __________ of
the nerve.
nu-ror'ah-fe
suture repair
******************************************
231 In review, write the meaning of each of
the following operative suffixes in the
blank provided.
a. -ectomy means: __________
removal/excision (frame 221)
******************************************
b. -scopy means: __________
inspection/examination (frame 223)
******************************************
c. -stomy means: __________
artificial opening into (frame 224)
******************************************
d. -tomy means: __________
incision/cutting (frame 225)
******************************************
e. -desis means: __________
binding/fixation (frame 226)
******************************************
f. -pexy means: __________
suspension/fixation
(frame 227)
******************************************
g. -plasty means: __________
plastic repair (frame 228)
******************************************
MD0010
4-17
h. -centesis means: __________

puncture (frame 229)
******************************************
i. -rrhaphy means: __________
suture repair (frame 230)
******************************************
232 To further review what you have
sentences.
a. A salpingo-oophorectomy is the
__________ or __________ of tubes
and ovaries.
removal/excision (frame 221)
******************************************
b. A bronchoscopy is an __________
of the bronchi.
examination/inspection (frame 223)
******************************************
c. A colostomy is an __________
__________ __________ the colon.
artificial opening into (frame 224)
******************************************
d. A laparotomy is an __________
into the abdominal wall.
incision (frame 225)
******************************************
e. Arthrodesis is the medical term for
a surgical __________ of a joint.
fixation (frame 226)
******************************************
f. An orchiopexy is __________ of an
undescended testis.
suspension/fixation (frame 227)
******************************************
MD0010
4-18
g. Rhinoplasty is the term for

__________ __________ of the nose.
plastic repair (frame 228)
******************************************
h. Arthrocentesis is removal of fluid
from a joint by __________.
puncture (frame 229)
******************************************
i. Neurorrhaphy is the __________
__________ of the nerve.
suture repair (frame 230)
******************************************
MD0010
4-19
Section V. SUFFIXES - PERTAINING TO SYMPTOMS

We will now study the symptomatic suffixes.
******************************************
233 -algia is a suffix meaning pain.
Dentalgia, then, is the medical term for
a __________ in the tooth.
den-tal'je-ah
pain
******************************************
234 -genic is the suffix for producing or
originating. Pyo, as you recall, is the
stem for pus. Pyogenic, then, is the
term for __________ pus.
pi"o-jen'ik
producing
******************************************
235 -lysis is a suffix meaning destruction or
breakdown. Hemolysis, therefore,
means the __________ of red blood
cells.
he-mol'i-sis
destruction
******************************************
MD0010
4-20
236 -rrhagia is the suffix meaning

excessive flow or discharge. Thus,
hemorrhage is a term meaning
__________ of blood.
hem'or-ij
excessive flow/discharge
******************************************
237 Another suffix meaning excessive
discharge or flow is -rrhea. Diarrhea is
the medical term for __________
__________ of the bowel.
di"ah-re'ah
excessive discharge
******************************************
238 -penia is the suffix meaning decrease
or deficiency. Erythropenia means a
__________ of red blood cells.
e-rith"ro-pe'ne-ah
deficiency/decrease
******************************************
239 -spasm is the suffix meaning
involuntary contraction. The medical
term myospasm, then, means an
__________ __________ of the
muscle.
mi'o-spazm
involuntary contraction
******************************************
MD0010
4-21
240 The suffixes -ic, -ac, -al, and -ar mean

pertaining to. Cardiovascular, for
example, means __________
__________ the heart and vessels.
kar"de-o-vas'ku-lar
pertaining to
******************************************
241 Here's another example: Intercostal
means __________ __________
between the ribs.
in"ter-kos'tal
pertaining to
******************************************
242 Otoscopic means __________
__________ an examination of the
ear.
o'to-skop-ik
pertaining to
******************************************
243 Finally, cardiac means __________
__________ the heart.
kar'de-ak
pertaining to
******************************************
MD0010
4-22
244 In review, write the meaning of each of

the following symptomatic suffixes:
a. -algia means: __________
pain (frame 233)
******************************************
b. -genic means: __________
producing (frame 234)
******************************************
c. -lysis means: __________
destruction (frame 235)
******************************************
d. -rrhagia means: __________
excessive discharge/flow (frame 236)
******************************************
e. -rrhea means: __________
excessive discharge (frame 237)
******************************************
f. -penia means: __________
deficiency (frame 238)
******************************************
g. -ic, -ac, -al, and -ar mean:
__________
pertaining to (frame 240)
******************************************
h. -spasm means: __________
involuntary contraction (frame 239)
******************************************
in the blanks in the following
sentences.
a. Dentalgia is the medical term for a
__________ in the tooth.
pain (frame 233)
******************************************
MD0010
4-23
b. Pyogenic is the term for

__________ pus.
producing (frame 234)
******************************************
c. Hemolysis means the _________
of red blood cells.
destruction (frame 235)
******************************************
d. Hemorrhage is a term meaning
__________ of blood.
excessive discharge/flow (frame 236)
******************************************
e. Erythropenia means a __________
of red blood cells.
deficiency (frame 237)
******************************************
f. Diarrhea is the medical term for
__________ __________ of the
bowel.
excessive discharge (frame 238)
******************************************
g. Myospasm is the medical term for
__________ __________ of a
muscle.
involuntary contraction (frame 239)
******************************************
h. Cardiovascular means _________
__________ the heart and vessels.
******************************************
i. Intercostal means __________
__________ between the ribs.
******************************************
MD0010
4-24
j. Otoscopic means __________

__________ an examination of the
ear.
******************************************
k. Cardiac means __________
__________ the heart.
******************************************
frame(s) before continuing.
CONGRATULATIONS
You have completed the last lesson on medical terminology.
With your knowledge of prefixes, stems, and suffixes, you
should be able to recognize and define most medical terms.
***********************************************************************
MD0010
4-25
Section VI. SELF-ASSESSMENT #3

You have now completed lesson 4. To evaluate how well you have learned the suffixes
covered in lesson 4, complete the self-assessment #3 questions. This self-assessment is
to assist you in determining whether you need to go back and review parts of lesson 4
before going to self-assessment #4 which is an exercise covering all stems, prefixes, and
suffixes you have studied in this course.
MD0010
4-26
SELF-ASSESSMENT #3
SUFFIXES
LISTED BELOW IN COLUMN "A" ARE 10 OF THE 35 LATIN AND GREEK STEMS
GIVEN TO YOU. IN COLUMN "B" ARE THE ENGLISH MEANINGS OF THESE
SUFFIXES. MATCH THE TWO, AND WRITE THE ENGLISH MEANING FROM COLUMN
"B" NEXT TO THE NUMBER IN COLUMN "A."
EXAMPLE: EMIA = BLOOD
COLUMN A
1.
COLUMN B
SCLEROSIS
A.
INFLAMMATION
2.
PTOSIS
B.
PLASTIC REPAIR
3.
TROPHY
C.
INVOLUNTARY CONTRACTION
4.
ITIS
D.
OPENING/INCISION INTO
5.
MEGALY
E.
HARDENING
6.
PLASTY
F.
TUMOR
7.
TOMY
G.
GROWTH/NOURISHMENT
8.
OMA
H.
DOWNWARD DISPLACEMENT
9.
ALGIA
I.
ENLARGEMENT
SPASM
J.
PAIN/ACHE
10.
MD0010
4-27
SUFFIXES
11.
THE SUFFIX -OSIS IN THE WORD DERMATOPHYTOSIS MEANS:

A.
B.
12.
ENLARGEMENT
SWELLING
CONDITION/PRESENCE OF
GROWTH/NOURISHMENT
C.
D.
SUSPENSION/FIXATION
PROTRUSION/SWELLING
EXCISION OF
OPENING OF
C.
D.
INSPECTION OF
SUSPENSION OF
REPAIR OF
SOFTENING OF
C.
D.
CONDITION OF
PERTAINING TO
THE SUFFIX -CENTESIS IN THE WORD ARTHROCENTESIS MEANS:

A.
B.
17.
C.
D.
THE SUFFIX -IC IN THE WORD OTOSCOPIC MEANS:

A.
B.
16.
SOFTENING
HARDENING
THE SUFFIX -ECTOMY IN THE WORD SALPINGO-OOPHORECTOMY MEANS:

A.
B.
15.
DROOPING
DILATION
THE SUFFIX -IASIS IN THE WORD NEPHROLITHIASIS MEANS:

A.
B.
14.
C.
D.
THE SUFFIX -MEGALY IN THE WORD HEPATOSPLENOMEGALY MEANS:

A.
B.
13.
GROWING
CONDITION
DESTRUCTION OF
PUNCTURE OF
C.
D.
PERTAINING TO
ORIGINATING IN
THE SUFFIX -MALACIA IN THE WORD CHONDROMALACIA MEANS:

A.
B.
MD0010
HARDENING
SOFTENING
C.
D.
4-28
FLOWING
PRODUCING
SUFFIXES
18.
THE SUFFIX -DESIS IN THE WORD ARTHRODESIS MEANS:

A.
B.
19.
C.
D.
PUNCTURE
ENLARGEMENT
THE SUFFIX -AR IN THE WORD CARDIOVASCULAR MEANS:

A.
B.
20.
FIXATION
DILATION
PERTAINING TO
INSPECTION OF
C.
D.
SOFTENING OF
NOURISHMENT OF
THE SUFFIX -PHOBIA IN THE WORD HYDROPHOBIA MEANS:

A.
B.
OPENING OF
LIKE OF
C.
D.
DISEASE OF
FEAR OF
MD0010
4-29

SUFFIXES
1. E (HARDENING) SCLEROSIS
2. H (DOWNWARD DISPLACEMENT) PTOSIS
3. G (GROWTH/NOURISHMENT) TROPHY
4. A (INFLAMMATION) ITIS
5. I (ENLARGEMENT) MEGALY
6. B (PLASTIC REPAIR) PLASTY
7. D (OPENING/INCISION INTO) TOMY
8. F (TUMOR) OMA
9. J (PAIN/ACHE) ALGIA
10. C (INVOLUNTARY CONTRACTION) SPASM
MD0010
4-30
SOLUTIONS FOR SELF-ASSESSMENT QUIZ #3

SUFFIXES
11.
THE SUFFIX -"OSIS" IN THE WORD DERMATOPHYTOSIS MEANS:

B.
12.
THE SUFFIX -"MEGALY" IN THE WORD HEPATOSPLENOMEGALY MEANS:

C.
13.
FIXATION
THE SUFFIX -"AR" IN THE WORD CARDIOVASCULAR MEANS:

A.
20.
SOFTENING
THE SUFFIX -"DESIS" IN THE WORD ARTHRODESIS MEANS:

A.
19.
PUNCTURE OF
THE SUFFIX -"MALACIA" IN THE WORD CHONDROMALACIA MEANS:

B.
18.
PERTAINING TO
THE SUFFIX -"CENTESIS" IN THE WORD ARTHROCENTESIS MEANS:

B.
17.
EXCISION OF
THE SUFFIX -"IC" IN THE WORD OTOSCOPIC MEANS:

D.
16.
CONDITION/PRESENCE OF
THE SUFFIX -"ECTOMY" IN THE WORD SALPINGO-OOPHORECTOMY MEANS:

A.
15.
ENLARGEMENT
THE SUFFIX -"IASIS" IN THE WORD NEPHROLITHIASIS MEANS:

A.
14.
CONDITION
PERTAINING TO
THE SUFFIX -"PHOBIA" IN THE WORD HYDROPHOBIA MEANS:

D.
MD0010
FEAR OF
4-31
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
Disease
Hemorrhage
Hardening
Softening
Breakdown (destruction)
Dilatation
Pain
Blood
Hernia
Condition
Tumor
Inflammation
Puncture
Discharge
Surgical repair/plastic repair
Decrease/deficiency
Fixation/suspension
Incision
Opening
Examination
Suturing
Prolapse
Fear
Enlarged
Dilatation
Overdevelopment/enlargement
Removal
Rupture
MD0010
4-32
REVIEW - SELF-ASSESSMENT #4
You have completed all the study material on medical terminology. Self-assessment #4 is a review of all
the material you have been given. It consists of 78 Latin or Greek medical terms composed of the
prefixes, stems, and suffixes you have studied. You are required to match the English meaning of the
terms with the Latin or Greek term.
EXAMPLE
COLUMN A
1.
Inflammation of the bones and joints.
COLUMN B
A. OSTEOARTHRITIS
SELF-ASSESSMENT #4
MEDICAL TERMS
This quiz is a review of all the material you have been given. Column "A" contains the
meanings of the medical terms, and column "B" contains the Latin or Greek term composed of
the prefixes, stems, and suffixes you have studied. Match column "A" with column "B." Enter
the letter of the medical term in the space provided. All matching terms are on the same page.
COLUMN A
COLUMN B
1.
Condition of stones in the kidney
A.
Dyspnea
2.
Inflammation of many nerves
B. Nocturia
3.
Excessive vomiting
C. Afebrile
4.
Inflammation of the stomach and intestine
D. Oliguria
5.
Tumor of the brain.
E. Cerebroma
6.
Inflammation of the liver
F.
7.
Scant urine
G. Hematoma
8.
Without fever
H.
Salpingitis
9.
Under the skin
I.
Duodenal
10.
Inside the abdomen
J.
Chondritis
11.
Night urine
K. Gastroenteritis
12.
Involuntary contraction of a muscle
L.
13.
Difficult breathing
M. Hepatitis
14.
Inflammation of the cartilage
N.
15.
Pertaining to first part of small intestine
O. Subcutaneous
16.
Tumor filled with blood
P. Glucosuria
17.
Sugar in the urine
Q. Intra-abdominal
18.
Inflammation of the tubes
R. Polyneuritis
Hyperemesis
Nephrolithiasis
Myospasm
SELF-ASSESSMENT #4 (Part 2)
COLUMN A
COLUMN B
1.
Inflammation within the uterus
A.
Arthrocentesis
2.
Removal of both tubes and ovaries
B. Hysterectomy
3.
Suture repair of a hernia
C. Adenectomy
4.
Fixation of the testes
D. Laparotomy
5.
Suture repair of the tongue
E. Arthrodesis
6.
Removal of a kidney
F.
7.
Removal of the stomach
G. Otoplasty
8.
Artificial opening into the

colon
H.
Gastrectomy
I.
Glossorrhaphy
9.
Plastic repair of the ear

J.
Endometritis
Laryngoscope
10.
Plastic repair of the nose
11.
Instrument used for examination of

the larynx
L.
12.
Plastic operation upon the lip
M. Cholecystectomy
13.
Surgical fixation of a joint
N.
14.
Puncture of the thorax
O. Bilateral Salpingooophorectomy
15.
Incision into the abdominal wall
16.
Plastic repair of the eardrum
K. Tympanoplasty
Herniorrhaphy
Colostomy
P. Cheiloplasty
Q. Orchiopexy
17.
Removal of a gland
18.
Removal of the uterus
19.
Removal of the gallbladder
20.
Puncture of a joint for removal of

fluid
R. Nephrectomy
S. Rhinoplasty
T.
Thoracentesis
COLUMN A
COLUMN B
1.
Hardening of the arteries
A.
Hepatosplenomegaly
2.
Inflammation of the tongue
B. Hypertrophy
3.
Downward displacement of the

eyelids
C. Monocyte
4.
Condition of blueness
D. Thrombophlebitis
5.
Pertaining to the heart and vessels
E. Otoscopic
6.
Between the ribs
F.
7.
Fear of water
G. Polyphagia
8.
Condition of fungus of the skin
H.
Tachycardia
9.
Inflammation of the bones and

joints
I.
Bradycardia
10.
Fast heart beat
J.
Anesthesia
11.
Slow heart beat
K. Hydrophobia
12.
Without feeling or sensation
L.
13.
Pertaining to examination of the

ear
M. Cardiovascular
14.
Inflammation of a vein with a clot
N.
15.
Enlargement of the liver and spleen
O. Glossitis
16.
Fatty tumor
P. Osteoarthritis
17.
Excessive growth
Q. Cyanosis
18.
Red cell
R. Intercostal
19.
Single or one cell
S. Erythrocyte
20.
Excessive eating
T.
Lipoma
Arteriosclerosis
Blepharoptosis
Dermatophytosis
COLUMN A
COLUMN B
1.
Suspension of testes
A.
2.
Enlargement of the kidney
B. Encephalitis
3.
Inflammation of the cornea
C. Dentalgia
4.
Producing pus
D. Cystitis
5.
Condition of dead tissue
E. Hematuria
6.
Softening of the cartilage
F.
7.
Pertaining to the liver
G. Hematemesis
8.
Vomiting of blood
H.
Pericarditis
9.
Inflammation of the nose
I.
Necrosis
10.
Blood in the urine
J.
Nephromegaly
11.
Inflammation within the heart
K. Orchiopexy
12.
Resembling a gland
L.
13.
Pain in a muscle
M. Pyogenic
14.
Low blood pressure
N.
15.
High blood pressure
O. Chondromalacia
16.
Inflammation of the brain
P. Acromegaly
17.
Inflammation around the heart
Q. Hypertension
18.
Tooth ache/pain
R. Endocarditis
19.
Enlargement of the extremities
S. Adenoid
20.
Inflammation of the bladder
T.
Hypotension
Myalgia
Keratitis
Hepatic
Rhinitis

MEDICAL TERMS
COLUMN A
COLUMN B
1.
A.
Dyspnea
2.
B. Nocturia
3.
Excessive vomiting
C. Afebrile
4.
D. Oliguria
5.
Tumor of the brain.
E. Cerebroma
6.
F.
7.
Scant urine
G. Hematoma
8.
Without fever
H.
Salpingitis
9.
Under the skin
I.
Duodenal
10.
Inside the abdomen
J.
Chondritis
11.
Night urine
K. Gastroenteritis
12.
L.
13.
Difficult breathing
M. Hepatitis
14.
N.
15.
Pertaining to first part of small intestine
O. Subcutaneous
16.
P. Glucosuria
17.
Sugar in the urine
Q. Intra-abdominal
18.
R. Polyneuritis
Hyperemesis
Nephrolithiasis
Myospasm
SOLUTIONS FOR SELF-ASSESSMENT #4 (Part 2)
COLUMN A
COLUMN B
1.
A.
Arthrocentesis
2.
Removal of both tubes and ovaries
B. Hysterectomy
3.
C. Adenectomy
4.
D. Laparotomy
5.
E. Arthrodesis
6.
Removal of a kidney
F.
7.
G. Otoplasty
8.
Artificial opening into the

colon
H.
Gastrectomy
I.
Glossorrhaphy
9.
Plastic repair of the ears

J.
Endometritis
10.
11.
Instrument used for examination of

the larynx
L.
Laryngoscope
K. Tympanoplasty
Herniorrhaphy
12.
M. Cholecystectomy
13.
N.
14.
O. Bilateral Salpingooophorectomy
15.
16.
17.
Removal of a gland
18.
19.
20.
Puncture of a joint for removal of fluid
Colostomy
P. Cheiloplasty
Q. Orchiopexy
R. Nephrectomy
S. Rhinoplasty
T.
Thoracentesis
COLUMN A
COLUMN B
1.
A.
Hepatosplenomegaly
2.
B. Hypertrophy
3.
Downward displacement of the eyelids
C. Monocyte
4.
D. Thrombophlebitis
5.
E. Otoscopic
6.
Between the ribs
F.
7.
Fear of water
G. Polyphagia
8.
H.
Tachycardia
9.
Inflammation of the bones and joints
I.
Bradycardia
10.
Fast heart beat
J.
Anesthesia
11.
Slow heart beat
K. Hydrophobia
12.
L.
13.
Pertaining to examination of the ear
M. Cardiovascular
14.
N.
15.
O. Glossitis
16.
Fatty tumor
P. Osteoarthritis
17.
Excessive growth
Q. Cyanosis
18.
Red cell
R. Intercostal
19.
Single or one cell
S. Erythrocyte
20.
Excessive eating
T.
Lipoma
Arteriosclerosis
Blepharoptosis
Dermatophytosis
COLUMN A
COLUMN B
1.
Suspension of testes
A.
Hypotension
2.
B. Encephalitis
3.
C. Dentalgia
4.
Producing pus
D. Cystitis
5.
E. Hematuria
6.
F.
7.
G. Hematemesis
8.
Vomiting of blood
H. Pericarditis
9.
I.
Necrosis
10.
Blood in the urine
J.
Nephromegaly
11.
K. Orchiopexy
12.
Resembling a gland
L.
13.
Pain in a muscle
M. Pyogenic
14.
Low blood pressure
N. Hepatic
15.
High blood pressure
O. Chondromalacia
16.
P. Acromegaly
17.
Q. Hypertension
18.
Tooth ache/pain
R. Endocarditis
19.
S. Adenoid
20.
T.
Myalgia
Keratitis
Rhinitis
GLOSSARY
Medical Term
Meaning
A
Acromegaly
Adenoid
Resembling a gland
Afebrile
Without fever
Anesthesia
Arteriosclerosis
B
Blepharoptosis
Downward displacement of the eyelids
Bradycardia
Slow heartbeat
C
Cardiovascular
Cerebroma
Tumor of the brain
Chondritis
Chondromalacia
Cyanosis.
Cystitis
D
Dentalgia
Toothache/pain
Dermatophytosis
Duodenal
Pertaining to the first part of small intestine
Dyspnea
Difficult breathing
E
Encephalitis
Endocarditis
Endometritis
Erythrocyte
Red cell
MD0010
A-1
GLOSSARY (Cont)
Medical Term
Meaning
G
Gastroenteritis
Glossitis
Glucosuria
Sugar in the urine
H
Hematemesis
.Vomiting of blood
Hematoma
Hematuria
Blood in the urine
Hepatic
Hepatitis
Hepatosplenomegaly
Hydrophobia
Fear of water
Hyperemesis
.Excessive vomiting
Hypertension
High blood pressure
Hypertrophy
Excessive growth
Hypotension
Low blood pressure
I
Intercostal
Between the ribs
Intra-Abdominal
Inside the abdomen
K
Keratitis
L
Lipoma
MD0010
Fatty tumor
A-2
GLOSSARY (Cont)
Medical Term
Meaning
M
Monocyte
Single or one cell
Myalgia
Pain in the muscle
Myospasm
N
Necrosis
Nephrolithiasis
Nephrolithiasis
Nocturia
Night urine
O
Oliguria
Scant urine
Osteoarthritis
Inflammation of the bones and joints
Otoscopic
Pertaining to examination of the ear
P
Pericarditis
Polyneuritis
Polyphagia
Excessive eating
Postpartum
After birth
Pyogenic
Producing pus
R
Rhinitis
S
Salpingitis
MD0010
A-3
GLOSSARY (Cont)
Medical Term
Meaning
T
Tachycardia
Fast heartbeat
Thrombophlebitis
Operations or Procedures
Meaning
Adenectomy
Removal of a gland
Arthrocentesis
Puncture of a joint for removal of fluid
Arthrodesis
Cheiloplasty
Cholecystectomy
Colostomy
Incision into the colon
Gastrectomy
Glossorrhaphy
Herniorrhaphy
Hysterectomy
Laparotomy
Laryngoscopy
Examination of the larynx with an instrument
Nephrectomy
Removal of a kidney
Orchiopexy
Otoplasty
Plastic repair of the ears
Rhinoplasty
Thoracentesis
Tympanoplasty
MD0010
A-4
PRONUNCIATION GUIDE FOR

MEDICAL TERMS USED IN LESSON 2
MEDICAL TERM
Abdominal /ab-dom'i-nal/
Chondritis /kon-dri'tis/
Acrodermatitis /ak"ro-der"mah-ti'tis/
Cholecystectomy /ko"le-sis-tek'to-me/
Acromegaly /ak"ro-meg' ah-le/
Colon /ko'lon/
Adenectomy /ad"e-nek' to-me/
Colostomy /ko'los'to-me/
Afebrile /a-feb' ril/
Cystitis /sis-ti'tis/
Anesthesia /an"es-the'ze-ah/
Dacryocystitis /dak"re-o-sis-ti'tis/
Angiogram /an'je-o-gram"/
Dentalgia /den'tal'je-ah/
Arteriosclerosis/ar-te"re-o-skle'ro'sis/
Duodenal /du'o-de'nal/
Arthrodesis /ar"thro-de'sis/
Endometritis /en"do-me"tri'tis/
Blepharitis /blef"ah-ri'tis/
Encephalitis /en"sef-ah-li'tis/
Bronchitis /brong-ki'tis/
Erythrocyte /e-rith'ro-sit/
Cardiovascular /kar"de-o-vas'ku-lar/
Gastrectomy /gas-trek'to-me/
Celiectomy / se"le-ek'to-me/
Gastroenteritis /gas"tro-en-ter-i'tis/
Cheiloplasty /ki'lo-plas"te/
Gingivitis /jin"ji-vi'tis/
MD0010
B-1
Glossitis /glos-si'tis/
Ophthalmology /of"thal- mol' o-je/
Glucosuria /gloo"ko-su're-ah/
Optometrist /op-tom'e-trist/
Hematology /hem"ah tol'o-je/
Orchiopexy /or"ke-o-pek'se/
Hematoma /hem"ah-to'mah/
Osteoarthritis /os"te-o-ar-thri'-tis/
Hepatitis /hep"ah-ti'tis/
Otoplasty /o'to-plas"te/
Hydrophobia /hi"dro-fo'be-ah/
Phagocyte /fag'o-sit/
Hyperemesis /hi"per-em'e-sis/
Phlebectomy /fle-bek'to-me/
Hysterectomy /his"te-rek'to-me/
Pneodynamics /ne'o-di-nam'iks/
Ileitis /il"e-i'tis/
Pneumonia /nu-mo'ne-ah/
Ileum /il'e-um/
Pneumatic /nu-mat-ik/
Intercostal /in"ter-kos'tal/
Polyneuritis /pol"e-nu-ri'tis/
Jejunum /je-joo'num/
Polyphagia /pol"e-fa'je-ah/
Jejunectomy /je"joo-nek'to-me/
Proctitis /prok-ti'tis/
Keratitis /ker"ah-ti'tis/
Psychology /si-kol 'o-je/
Laparotomy /lap-ah-rot'o-me/
Pulmonary /pul'mo-ner"e/
Laryngoscopy/lar"ing-gos'ko-pe/
Pyogenic /pi"o-jen'ik/
Lingual /ling'gwal/
Pyromania /pi"ro-ma'ne-ah/
Lipoma /li-po mah/
Rhinitis /ri-ni'tis/
Lymphocyte /lim'fo-sit/
Salpingitis /sal"pin-ji'tis/
Mycosis /mi-ko'sis/
Splenectomy /sple-nek'to-me/
Myelitis /mi"e-li'tis/
Stomatitis /sto-mah-ti'tis/
Myospasm /mi'o-spazm/
Tendinitis /ten"di-ni'tis/
Myringotomy /mir"in-got'o-me/
Thrombophlebitis /throm"bo-fle-bi'tis
Necropsy /nek'rop-se/
Tinea Pedis /tin'e-ah/ Pe'dis/
Nephrectomy /ne-frek'to-me/
Tracheitis /tra"ke-i'tis/
Nephrolithiasis/nef"ro-li-thi'ah-sis/
Tympanoplasty /tim"pah-no-plas'te/
Nocturia /nok-tu're-ah/
Ureteritis /u"re-ter-i'tis/
Ocular /ok'u-lar/
Urethritis /u"re-thri'tis/
Onychectomy /on"i-kek'-to-me/
Vasodilator /vas"o-di-lat'or/
Oophorectomy /o"of-o-rek'to-me/
Venogram /ve'no-gram/
MD0010
B-2

MEDICAL TERM
Afebrile /a-feb'ril/
Macroscopic /mak"ro-skop'ik/
Anesthesia /an"es-the'ze-ah/
Macrocyte /mak'ro-sit/
Antepartum /an'te-par'tum/
Malodorous /mal-o der-es/
Antitoxin /an"ti-tok'sin/
Medial /me'de-al/
Anterolateral /an"ter-o-lat'er-al/
Megacolon /meg"ah-ko'lon/
Bilateral /bi-lat'er-al/
Melanoma /mel"ah-no'mah/
Bradycardia /brad"e-kar'de-ah/
Microcardia/mi"kro-kar'de-ah/
Cyanosis /si"ah-no'sis/
Microcyte /mi'kro-sit/
Dextrocardia /deks"tro-kar'de-ah/
Monocyte /mon'o-sit/
Dyspnea /disp'ne-ah/
Multipara /mul-tip'ah-rah/
Ectopic /ek-top'ik/
Nocturia /nok-ru're-ah/
Empyema /em"pi-e'mah/
Oliguria /ol"i gu're-ah/
Endometritis /en"do-me-tri'tis/
Panhysterectomy /pan"his-ter-ek'to-me/
Erythrocyte /e-rith'ro-sit/
Pericarditis /per"i-kar-di-tis/
Hemiplegia /hem"e-ple'je-ah/
Postoperative /post-op'er-a"tiv/
Postnasal /post-na'zal/
Hyperemesis /hi"per-em'e-sis/
Polyneuritis /pol"e-nu-ri'tis/
Hypertension /hi"per-ten'shun/
Posterolateral /pos"ter-o-lat'er-al/
Hypodermic /hi"po-der'mik/
Preoperative /pre-op'er-a"tiv/
Hypotension /hi"po-ten'shun/
Quadriplegia /kwod"ri-ple' je-ah/
Intercostal /in"ter-kos'tal/
Retrocardial /ret"ro-kar'de-al/
Intra-abdominal /in"trah-ab-dom'i-nal/
Semiconscious /sem"e-kon'shus/
Leukocyte /lu'ko-sit/
Subcutaneous /sub"ku-ta'ne-us/
Levoversion /le"vo-ver'zhun/
Tachycardia /tak"e-kar'de-ah/
Tricuspid /tri-kus'pid/
MD0010
B-3

MEDICAL TERM
Acromegaly /ak"ro-meg'ah-le/
Hemorrhage /hem'or-ij/
Angiectasis /an"je-ek'tah-sis/
Hepatoma /hep"ah-to'mah/
Arteriosclerosis/ar-te"re-o-skle'ro'sis/
Hepatosplenomegaly
Arthrocentesis /ar"thro-sen-te'sis/
/hep"ah-to-sple"no-meg'ah-le/
Arthrodesis /ar"thro-de'sis/
Hydroarthrosis /hi"dro-ar" thro'sis/
Blepharoptosis /blef"ah-ro-to'sis/
Bronchogenic /brong-ko-jen'ik/
Hypertrophy /hi-per'tro-fe/
Bronchoscopy /brong-kos'ko-pe/
Hypoglycemia /hi"po-gli-s 'me-ah e/
Cardiac /kar'de-ak'/
Intercostal in"ter-kos'tal/
Cardiorrhexis /kar"de-o-rek'sis/
Laparotomy /lap-ah-rot'o-me/
Cardiovascular /kar"de-o-vas'ku-lar/
Leukemia /lu-ke'me-ah/
Cholecystectomy /ko"le-sis-tek'to-me/
Leukopenia /lu"ko-pe'ne-ah/
Cholelithiasis /ko"le-li-thi'ah-sis/
Lipoma /li-po mah/
Chondritis /kon-dri'tis/
Lymphadenopathy /lim-fad"e-nop' ah-the/
Chondromalacia / kon"dro-mah-la'she-ah/
Myocarditis /mi"o-kar-di'tis/
Colostomy /ko'los'to-me/
Myocardium /mi"o-kar'de-um/
Cyanosis /si"ah-no'sis/
Myospasm /mi"o-spazm/
Dentalgia /den'tal'je-ah/
Nephrolithiasis /nef"ro-li- thi'ah-sis/
Dermatophytosis /der"mah-to-fi-to'sis/
Neuropathy /nu-rop'ah-the/
Diarrhea /di"ah-re'ah/
Neurorrhaphy /nu-ror'ah-fe/
Encephalitis /en"sef-ah-li'tis/
Orchiopexy /or"ke-o-pek'se/
Enterolysis /en"ter-ol i-sis/
Otoscopic /o'to-skop-ik/
Erythropenia /e-rith"ro-pe'ne-ah/
Pyogenic /pi"o-jen'ik/
Gastrocele /gas'tro-sel/
Psychogenic /si"ko-jen'ik/
Hematoma /hem"ah-to'mah/
Rhinoplasty /ri no-plas"te/
MD0010
B-4
Salpingo-oophorectomy
/sal-ping"go-o"of-o-rek'to-me/
Subhepatic /sub"he-pat'ik/
Tympanoplasty /tim"pah-no- plas'te/
MD0010
B-5
MEDICAL ABBREVIATIONS
AND SYMBOLS
This appendix is a list of commonly used medical abbreviations and symbols which are
authorized to be used in medical records. (For a complete list of authorized medical
abbreviations and symbols, see AR 40-66.)
A; a
before
AAE
acute allergic encephalitis
Ab
antibodies
abd hyst
abdominal hysterectomy
ABE
acute bacterial endocarditis
ABP
arterial blood pressure
ABR
absolute bed rest
ABS
acute brain syndrome
ac
before meals
ACA
adenocarcinoma
ACH
acetylcholine
ACI
adrenal cortical insufficiency
ACTH
adrenocorticotropic hormone
ACVD
acute cardiovascular disease
AD
right ear
A&D
admission and discharge
ADD
average daily dose
adhib
to be administered
ADL
activities of daily living
ad lib
as desired
adm
admission; admit; admitted
ADS
antibody deficiency syndrome
AE
above the elbow
AF
acid-fast
MD0010
C-1
MEDICAL ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS (CONT)

AFB
acid-fast bacilli
afeb
afebrile; without fever
AF/F
atrial fibrillation and/or flutter
AGG
agammaglobulinemia
AHAC
American Heart Association Classification
AHD
atherosclerotic heart disease
AI
aortic insufficiency or incompetence
AID
acute infectious disease
AIHA
autoimmune hemolytic anemia
AJ
ankle jerk
AK amp
above the knee amputation
ALMI
anterior lateral myocardial infarct
alt die (dieb)
alternate days; every other night
alt noc (noct)
alternate nights; every other night
ALVF
acute left ventricular failure
AMA
against medical advice
amb
ambulatory
AMI
acute myocardial infarction
anti-HAA
antibody hepatitis-associated antigen
AOB
alcohol on breath
ap
before dinner
A&P
anterior and posterior
APB
atrial or auricular premature beat
APC
aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), phenacetin, caffeine
aq
water
AS
left ear
ASA
acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)
ASAP
as soon as possible
MD0010
C-2

ASHD
arteriosclerotic heart disease
ASS
anterior superior spine
A-S syndrome
Adams-Stokes syndrome
AU
both ears
ax
axillary
born
BA
blood alcohol
B/A
backache
BBB
bundle branch block
BC
bone conduction
BCP
birth control pills
BE
barium enema
BH
bundle of His
bib
drink
bid
twice a day
bin
twice during the night
B/J; B&J
bone and joint
BM
bowel movement
BMR
basal metabolic rate
bol
pill
BOM
bilateral otitis media
BP
blood pressure
BPH
benign prostatic hypertrophy
BPI
blood pressure increased
BS
bowel or breath sound(s)
BSO
bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
BTL
bilateral tubal ligation
BUE
both upper extremities
MD0010
C-3

BUN
blood urea nitrogen
BUQ
both upper quadrants
BV
blood volume
BW
body weight
Bx
biopsy
C1 to C7
cervical nerves or vertebrae 1 to 7
CI to CXII
cranial nerves
with
CA
cardiac arrest
Ca
calcium; cancer; carcinoma
CAT
Children's Apperception Test
cath
catheter
CBC
complete blood count
CBD
common bile duct
CBS
chronic brain syndrome
CBV
central blood volume
CC
chief of current complaint
CCK
cholecytokinin
CDC
Center for Disease Control
CF
complement fixation
CGTT
cortisone glucose tolerance test
CHB
complete heart block
ChE
cholinesterase
CHF
congestive heart failure
CHO
carbohydrate
chr
chronic
CI
cardiac insufficiency
CIS
carcinoma in situ
MD0010
C-4

Cl
chlorine
CN
cranial nerves
CNS
central nervous system
CO
carbon monoxide
CO2
carbon dioxide
COD
cause of death
Compound E
cortisone
cong
congenital
conj
conjunctiva; conjunctivitis
CR
closed reduction
CrI to CrXII
cranial nerves
CRD
chronic respiratory or renal disease
CrP
creatine phosphate
CS
cesarean section
CSF
cerebrospinal fluid
C S resp
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
CV
cardiovascular
CVA
cardiovascular accident
CVC
central venous catheter
CVD
cardiovascular disease
CVP
central venous pressure
CVS
cardiovascular system
cytol
cytology
dorsal
D1 to D12
dorsal or thoracic vertebrae or nerves
DA
development age
D/A
date of accident or admission
DAP
direct agglutination pregnancy (test)
MD0010
C-5

DBP
diastolic blood pressure
D&C
dilatation and currettage or currettement
DI
diabetes insipidus
dis
disease
disc
discontinue
DJD
degenerative joint disease
DM
diabetes mellitus
DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid
DNR
dorsal nerve root
DNS
deviated nasal septum
DOA
dead on arrival
DOE
dyspnea on exertion
DOS
day of surgery
D/S
dextrose in saline
DTR
deep tendon reflexes
DU
duodenal ulcer
DUB
dysfunctional uterine bleeding
Dx
diagnosis
EAC
external auditory canal
EBL
estimated blood loss
ECG; EKG
electrocardiogram
E coli
Escherichia coli
ECS
electroconvulsive shock
EDC
estimated date of confinement
EKG; ECG
electrocardiogram
EM
electron miscoscopy
EMB
eosin methylene blue
EMS
emergency medical service
MD0010
C-6

ENT
ear, nose, and throat
eos
eosinophil
epis
episotomy
ER
emergency room
EST
electroshock therapy
etiol
etiology
ETOH
ethyl alcohol
ex
excision
exam
examine
Fahrenheit
FA
fluorescent antibody
FB
foreign body
FBS
fasting blood sugar
FDA
Food & Drug Administration
ff
force fluids
FH
family history
FHR
fetal heart rate
fib
fibrillation
FROM
full range of motion
FS
frozen section
FTSG
full thickness skin graft
FUO
fever of unknown or undetermined origin
Fx
fracture
gram(s)
GB
gallbladder
GC
gonococcus; gonococcal
glu
glucose
gr; grav
pregnant
MD0010
C-7

Grav I, Grav II 1 pregnancy, 2 pregnancies, etc.
GS
General Surgery
gt; gtt
drop; drops
GU
genitourinary
GYN; Gyn
gynecology
hydrogen
H20
water
HA
hemagglutinating antigens
HAI
hemagglutinating-inhibiting antibody
Hb; Hgb
hemoglobin
HBP
high blood pressure
Hct
hematocrit
HCVD
hypertensive cardiovascular disease
hd
at bedtime
HEENT
head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat
Hgb; Hb
hemoglobin
HGH
human (pituitary) growth hormone
HLH
Human lutenizing hormone
hn
tonight
H&P
history and physical
HPI
history of present illness
HR
heart rate
HVD
hypertensive vascular disease
Hx
history
IH
infectious hepatitis
IHD
ischemic heart disease
IM
intramuscular (injection)
I&O
intake and output
MD0010
C-8

IOP
intraocular pressure
IQ
intelligence quotient
IV
intravenous (injection)
jej
jejunum
potassium
kg
kilogram
KUB
kidney, ureter, and bladder
K-wire
Kirshner wire
LBBB
left bundle branch block
LD
lethal dose
LH
luteinizing hormone
LOS
length of stay
LP
lumbar, puncture
L-S
lumbosacral
LTF
lipotrophic factor
Lues I, II, III
primary, secondary, tertiary syphilis
LV
left ventricular
LVN
Licensed Vocational Nurse
meter
M1 M2
mitral first, second sound
MB
methylene blue
MBP
mean blood pressure
MD
muscular dystrophy
MDR
minimum daily requirement
ME
middle ear
mg
milligram
mg
millimicrogram
MH
menstrual, marital, or military history
MD0010
C-9

mHg
milliliters of mercury
MI
myocardial infarction
ml
milliliter
MMPI
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
MR
metabolic rate
mr; mR
milloroentgen
MS
multiple sclerosis
MV
mitral valve
normal (concentration)
NA
Nursing Assistant
NaPent
sodium Pentothal
NB
newborn
NBS
normal bowel sounds
NC
noncontributory
N/C
no complaint
ND
normal delivery
NDF
no disease found
NE
norepinephrine
neg
negative
NIH
National Institutes of Health
NKA
no known allergies
NOR; Noradr
noradrenaline
NP
neuropsychiatric
NPH
no previous history
npo
nothing by mouth
NR
normal range
nr
not to be repeated
NS
nervous system
MD0010
C-10

NSA
no significant abnormality
NSR
normal sinus rhythm
eye
OB
obstetrics
OBD
organic brain disease
OB-GYN
obstetrics and gynecology
OHD
organic heart disease
OL; OS
left eye
omn bih
every two hours
omn hor; oh
every hour
omn noct; on
every night
OPC
outpatient clinic
OPD
outpatient department
ophth
ophthalmology
OR
operating room
Orth
orthopedics
OS; OL
left eye
OT
occupational therapy
OU
each eye
phosphorus
P/3
proximal one-third (long bones)
p1, p2, etc.
para 1, para 2, etc.
PA
Physician's Assistant
P&A
percussion and auscultation
PAB, PABA
para-aminobenzoic acid
Pap test
Papanicolaou's test
Para
parous
path
pathology
MD0010
C-11

PB-Fe
protein-bound iron
PBI
protein-bound iodine
pc
after meals
PCV
packed cell volume
PDA
patent ductus arteriosus
PDR
Physician's Desk Reference
PE
physical examination
Ped
pediatrics
PEG
pneumoencephalography
PGH
pituitary growth hormone
PH
past history
Phe
phenylalanine
phys
physical; physician
PI
present illness
PID
pelvic inflammatory disease
Pit
Pitocin
PKA
prokininogenase
PM
post mortem
PMH
past medical history
PMS
post-menopausal syndrome
PNa
plasma sodium
PO; postop
postoperative
po
by mouth; orally
PO2
oxygen tension
pos
positive
postop; PO
postoperative
PP
post partum
PPB
positive pressure breathing
MD0010
C-12

pr
per rectum
prog
prognosis
ps
per second
psi
pounds per square inch
Psy
psychiatry; psychology
PT
physical therapy
pt
patient
PTA
prior to admission
PULHES
physical profile factors:
P-
physical capacity or stamina
U-
upper extremities
L-
lower extremities
H-
hearing and ears
E-
eyes
S-
psychiatric
PVC
premature ventricular contractions
PVD
peripheral vascular disease
pvt
private
qd
every day
qh
every hour
q2h, q3h, etc.
every 2 hours, every 3 hours, etc.
qid
four times a day
qn
every night
QNS
quantity not sufficient
qv
as much as you please
right
roentgen
RNA
ribosomal ribonucleic acid
MD0010
C-13

RA
rheumatoid arthritis
Ra
radium
RAIU
radioactive iodine uptake
RAP
right atrial pressure
RAS
reticular activating system
RBBB
right bundle branch block
RBC
red blood cells or corpuscles
RD
respiratory disease; retinal detachment
RDS
respiratory distress syndrome
rehab
rehabilitation
RES
reticuloendothelial system
RHD
rheumatic heart disease
RHF
right heart failure
RN
Registered Nurse
RNA
ribonucleic acid
RO
routine order
R/O
rule out
ROM
range of motion
ROS
review of systems
RR
recovery room
R&R
rate and rhythm
RT
reaction time
RTC
return to clinic
RUE
right upper extremity
RUQ
right upper quadrant
left
S-1 to S-5
sacral vertebrae or nerves
S-A; SA node
sino-atrial node
MD0010
C-14

SAA
Stokes-Adams attacks
SB
stillborn
SBE
subacute bacterial endocarditis
SB test
Stanford-Binet test
SC
subcutaneous
SCD
service connected disability
SCM
sternocleidomastoid
SD
standard deviation
SDS
sudden death syndrome
SEM
standard error of the mean
SF
spinal fluid
sg
specific gravity
SH
serum hepatitis
SI
seriously ill
sib
sibling
SIW
self-inflicted wound
SM
systolic murmur
SMA
superior mesenteric artery
SN
student nurse
SNS
sympathetic nervous system
SO
salpingo-oophorectomy
SOAP
progress note format for POMR
S-
subjective
O-
objective
A-
assessment
P-
plans
SOB
shortness of breath
S-O-R
stimulus-organism-response
MD0010
C-15

SQ
subcutaneous
staph
staphylococcus
stat
immediately and once only
STH
somatotropic (growth) hormone
Strep
streptococcus
STSG
split thickness skin graft
sup
superior
SVC
superior vena cava
sx
signs; symptoms
Sz
schizophrenia
Temperature
T&A
tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
TAH
total abdominal hysterectomy
TB; TBC
tuberculosis
TBLC
term birth, living child
TBV
total blood volume
tds
to be taken 3 times a day
TFA
total fatty acids
TH
thyroid hormone
tid
three times a day
TL
tubal ligation
TM
tympanic membrane
TNTC
too numerous to count
TOA
tubo-ovarian abscess
TT
tetanus toxoid
TTH
thyrotropic hormone
U/3
upper third (long bones)
UA
urinalysis
MD0010
C-16

UE
upper extremity
UGI
upper gastrointestinal
ULQ
upper left quadrant
unk
unknown
UQ
upper quadrant
UR
unconditioned response
URI
upper respiratory infection
urol
urology; urological
URQ
upper right quadrant
USPHS
United States Public Health Service
UTI
urinary tract infection
UV
ultraviolet
Volume
VA
Veterans Administration
vag
vaginal
VBP
venous blood pressure
VC
vital capacity
VD
venereal disease
VDG
venereal disease-gonorrhea
VDH; VHD
valvular disease of the heart
VIG
vaccinia immune serum globulin
vit
vitamin
VO
verbal order
VP
venous pressure
VPC
volume of packed red cells
VRI
viral or virus respiratory infection
VS
vital sign
WAIS
Wechsler adult intelligence scale
MD0010
C-17

WB
whole blood
WBC
white blood cell
WCC
white cell count
wd
ward
WD/WN/BF
well-developed, well-nourished black female
WD/WN/BM
well-developed, well-nourished black male
WD/WN/WF
well-developed, well-nourished white female
WD/WN/WM
well-developed, well-nourished white male
WHO
World Health Organization
WIA
wounded in action
WISC
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for children (test)
wk
week
WNL
within normal limits
WR
Wassermann reaction
wt
weight
times
YOB
year of birth
MD0010
C-18
MD0010
C-19
MD0010
C-20

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U. S.

ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT CENTER AND SCHOOL

INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMED LEARNING

I. How to Use Programmed Instruction .................... 1-5

STEMS PERTAINING TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

PREFIXES PERTAINING TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

SUFFIXES PERTAINING TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY

REVIEW--Self Assessment 4 ..................................................

ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS ........................................

Pronunciation with diacritical markings:

Plural forms: appendixes, appendices

Introduction to Programmed Learning.

Lesson 1, frame numbers 1-14.

After completing this lesson, you should be

Section III. HOW TO COMPLETE EACH PRETEST

Stems Pertaining to Medical Terminology.

Lesson 2, frame numbers 15-131.

After completing this lesson, you should be able to :

Ophthalmalgia means pain in the __________.

Otorrhea is a discharge from the __________.

A salpingostomy is a surgical opening into a __________.

Oophoropexy means fixation of an __________.

An enterolith is a __________ in the intestines.

Hematuria means the presence of blood in the __________.

Orchidectomy means excision of a __________.

Cystorrhagia means hemorrhage of the __________.

Urethrorrhaphy means suturing the __________.

A cholelith is a __________ stone.

A hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy means the excision of the __________,

Ureterocele means __________ of the ureter.

Esthesia means __________ or __________.

Pathophobia means an abnormal __________ of disease.

Megalomania is a mental __________.

Osteopathy means disease of the __________.

Cerebrotomy is an incision into the __________.

Neuralgia means pain along the course of a __________.

Glycolysis is the breakdown or destruction of __________.

Edema means __________.

Acroparalysis refers to paralysis of the __________.

Tachyphagia is a word for fast or rapid __________.

Splenopathy means a disease of the __________.

Lymphostasis means control the flow of __________.

Lipolysis means destruction or breakdown of __________.

A pyocele is a hernia containing __________.

Dacryorrhea means excessive flow of __________.

Cytology is the study of __________.

Thrombus is the medical way to say __________.

Arterioplasty is surgical repair of an __________.

Phlebosclerosis is the hardening of the __________.

Vasotripsy means the crushing of a __________.

An angiospasm is a spasm of a __________.

Hepatomegaly means enlargement of the __________.

A proctoscopy is an examination of the __________.

Colocentesis means puncture of the __________.

Jejunoileitis is inflammation of the __________ and the __________.

Psychosis means any serious __________ condition.

Enteroptosis means prolapse of the small __________.

Gastrectasia is the dilation or stretching of the __________.

Gingivalgia means pain in the __________.

The lacrimal gland secretes __________.

Cheilosis is a disorder of the __________.

A duodenotomy is an incision into the __________.

Stomatoplasty means surgical repair of the __________.

Esthesia means or .

Jejunoileitis is inflammation of the and the .

Myelocele means herniation of the .

g. Pneumo: _ or _