CBM Objective IV - 1

COAL BED METHANE ENGINEERING
Sl. No
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Questions
Which type of drilling is preferred in CBM for controlling damage?
A. Balanced drilling
B. Overbalanced drilling
C. Underbalance drilling
D. Vertical drilling
Drill hole stability and minimum damage is achieved by
A. Fresh water (or) formation brine
B. Air as fluid
C. Low density mud
D. Heavy weight mud
Which type of drill bit is used in drilling
A. PDC bit
B. Tricone bit
C. Hammer bit
D. Blade (or) drag bit
Total days required for drilling a CBM well
A. 1 to 2 days
B. 6 months
C. 1 year
D. 3 months
Lost circulation problems are greatly reduced by
A. Water drilling
B. Rotary drilling
C. Air drilling
D. Horizontal drilling
Well spacing of CBM wells is done by
A. Reservoir analysis
B. Simulation models
C. Stimulation methods
D. Permeability analysis
To reduce the permeability damage which type of drilling fluid is used
A. Minimum surfactants, lost circulation solids & polymers
B. Heavy mud
C. Water
D. Light weight mud
Horizontal sections are drilled by which type of fluids and bit
A. Water + PDC
B. Air + PDC
C. Drilling mud + Tricone bit
D. Water + Tricone bit
To ensure complete cement sheath in cementation process what is used
A. Crossovers
B. Centralization
C. Valves
D. joints
What is done to improve cement coverage
A. Reciprocation of pipe
B. Reaming of pipe
C. Rotation of pipe
D. No movement of pipe
How cementation work is carried out in CBM wells
A. Under balanced
B. Over balanced
C. Balanced
D. Directional
While carrying out cementation process pipe movement is not recommended when
------- is present
A. Packer shoe / multiple stage cementer
Key
C
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B. Casing shoe
C. Liner casing
D. Drill pipe
Which type of class cement is used in CBM
A. Class F
B. Class B
C. Class C
D. Class A
To lighten the density and prevent lost circulation what are the additives used
A. Barite
B. Bentonite / Pozzolons
C. Water
D. AIr
Which type of cement is used to provide ductile, secure and long lasting zonal
isolation for CBM wells
A. Ordinary cement
B. Portland cement
C. Foam cement
D. Class H cement
To remove fines, pre wet the hole & prevent from dehydration which fluid is used
A. Water
B. Air
C. Drilling mud
D. Water / Gel sweep
While cementation process to prevent poor cement bond due to gas migration ---type of blend is used
A. Thixotropic blend
B. Permafrost blend
C. Class B cement blend
D. Class A cement blend
What is the purpose of foam cement during primary cementation ---A. To hold casing
B. To prevent formation break down, lost circulation & post job cement
C. To prevent formation damage
D. To prevent methane migration
The quad combination log consists of
A. Neutron density
B. Calliper sp
C. Sp gamma
D. Porosity resistivity
The measurement of sensor distributed for 70 ft long logging tool is
A. Density tool
B. Gamma ray tool
C. Sp tool
D. Density and calliper
The natural gamma ray tool measures bulk gamma by -------------A. Absorption
B. Adsorption
C. Chemical reaction
D. Radioactive minerals
Naturally occurring radioactivity in sedimentary formation comes from ---- minerals
types
A. Uranium
B. Helium
C. Hydrogen
D. Lithium
Gamma ray measurement is interpreted as
A. High reading are calcite
B. High reading are shale
C. High reading are sandstone
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D. High reading are limestone

Coals usually have a very ---- natural gamma ray response
A. High
B. Medium
C. Low
D. Too high
Coals usually have a very low natural gamma ray response because --A. Clay minerals concentration is low
B. Shale minerals concentration is low
C. Sandstone minerals concentration is low
D. Limestone minerals concentration is low
The spontaneous potential (SP) measurement is a ----- created
A. Watt potential difference
B. Heat potential difference
C. Voltage potential difference
D. Pressure potential difference
The spontaneous potential (SP) measurement is a voltage potential difference created
by -------- phenomena
A. Different lithologies
B. Different hydrocarbons
C. Difference between hydrocarbons and water
D. Salinity difference between the borehole fluid and reservoir fluid
Electrochemical SP effects are most common in ---- where ions are traded between
the reservoir rock and the borehole fluids
A. Bicarbonates
B. Carbonates
C. Sandstone
D. Shale
In coals, SP deflection tends to reflect the ----- in the coal
A. Bulk porosity
B. Absolute porosity
C. Bulk permeability
D. Absolute permeability
Induction tools are typically run in wells with ------- chlorides in the drilling mud
A. less than 30,000 ppm
B. less than 20,000 ppm
C. less than 31,000 ppm
D. less than 22,000 ppm
The most common resistivity devices run for CBM applications are tools ------ based.
A. Induction
B. MSFL
C. DLL
D. Shallow resistivity
Coal, in its purest form, is a good ----- and has very ---A. Conductor, Low resistivity
B. Insulator, High resistivity
C. Conductor, High resistivity
D. Insulator, Low resistivity
Microlog resistivity measurement is a ------------ measurement
A. Very deep, focused resistivity
B. Medium deep, non focused resistivity
C. Shallow, focused resistivity
D. Very shallow, non-focused resistivity
High-energy gamma ray tools are commonly called as
A. Porosity tools
B. Gamma ray tools
C. Density tools
D. Lithology tools
High-energy neutron tools are referred to as
A. Neutron tools
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B. Density tools
C. Porosity tools
D. Resistivity tools
The combination of High-energy gamma rays and High-energy neutrons log referred
as ---A. Gamma Neutron log
B. Gamma Density log
C. Neutron Porosity log
D. Density Neutron log
The high-energy neutron tools respond to the ----- of the formation
A. Carbon index
B. Hydrogen index
C. Oxygen index
D. Sulphur index
The high-energy gamma ray tools measure the ------ of the formation
A. Neutron bulk porosity
B. Electron bulk porosity
C. Electron bulk density
D. Neutron bulk density
The range of bulk-density measurements in coal is typically between
A. 1.2 g/cc and 2 g/cc
B. 2.6 g/cc and 3 g/cc
C. 1.4 g/cc and 2 g/cc
D. 0.1 g/cc and 2 g/cc
Gas content has been measured in coaly shales with a bulk density up to
A. 2 g/cc
B. 2.6 g/cc
C. 3 g/cc
D. 0.7 g/cc
Photoelectric (PE) measurement is an excellent measure of ---- as well as a good coal
identifier
A. Porosity
B. Permeability
C. Bed Thickness
D. Lithology
The proximate analysis is a routine coal analysis to derive
A. Fixed carbon content
B. Oxygen/ carbon content
C. Hydrogen/ sulphur content
D. Permeability
Current drainage Area can be calculated as
A. Cumulative oil production / GIP
B. Cumulative gas production / GIP
C. Cumulative gas production / OIP
D. Cumulative oil production / OIP
Mechanical rock properties include
A. Ductile modulus
B. Brittle modulus
C. Poissons ratio and Youngs modulus
D. Fracture ratio
Micro-electrical imaging (MEI) technology has come a long way in its capability to
image
A. High - resistivity formations
B. Low - resistivity formations
C. Medium -resistivity formations
D. Shallow - resistivity formations
Drainage pattern (or) drainage radius (DR) can be calculated
A. Cumulative gas production / GIP
B. GC_A / GC_L
C. (CDA * 43560 / 3.14159)^0.5
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D. GC_L * CTpA * A
The magnetic resonance imaging tool (MRIL) is a
A. Permeability device
B. Thickness device
C. Density device
D. Porosity device
The monopole sonic tools are typically used when measuring
A. Compressional fastness
B. Compressional slowness
C. Contraction slowness
D. Contartion fastness
Gross thickness of a particular coalseam is determined by following these general
wireline log measurement cutoffs
A. Bulk-density measurements greater than 2 g/cc.
B. Gamma ray measurements less than 100 API.
C. Neutron porosity measurements greater than 50%
D. Sonic transit time less than 80 s/ft
Coal tonnage is calculated by
A. CTpA = 1359.7 * h * RHOB
B. CTpA = 1000.4 * h * RHOB
C. CTpA = 13000.2 * w * RHOB
D. CTpA = 59.7 * t * RHOB
Problems associated with developing the coals for completion
A. Coal has an extensive porosity
B. Coal is of hard formation
C. Coal occurs in High temperature & high pressure conditions
D. Coal has an extensive natural fracture system
The openhole completion has advantages
A. No casing is left to obstruct mining
B. Isolating the zones is very easy
C. Best for sand control method
D. Might require well cleanout if formation is not well consolidated
Factors identified as contributing to success of the cavity completion include
A. Good ash content
B. Good permeability
C. Low in-situ stress
D. Lean coal seams
The cavity completions procedure can be successfully applied for ---- rank
A. Lignite
B. Low volatile A bituminous
C. High volatile A bituminous
D. Anthracite
For cavity completions coal must have --A. Good permeability, natural cleat system
B. Good porosity
C. Coal must be very hard
D. Coal must contain good percentage of methane
Conditions for Cased Hole completion
A. Small volumes of water produced early in the life
B. Abnormal pressured
C. High temperature and high pressure reservoir
D. Multiple seams per well
Conditions usually combine to require a cased hole with access to the seams that
allows maximum control of
A. Permeability
B. Fracturing
C. Porosity
D. More methane
The slotted-casing technique was introduced to correct problems
A. Fracturing control and fines control in cased hole completions
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B. Fines control in open hole completions

C. Fracturing control and fines control in open hole completions
D. Fracturing control
For slotted-casing technique what type of perforation is used
A. Abrasive water-sand solution perforation
B. Hydraulic perforation
C. Shaped charged perforation
D. Underbalance perforation
A high-velocity high-pressure water and sand fluid nozzles are set at ---- angle
A. 900
B. 180
C.
2500
D. 3600
During the slotting operations, sand control in the carrier fluid, orientation of the
tool, and overcutting ------A. Prolong slotting times and increase costs
B. Decreases the cost and slotting times
C. No affect on the operation
D. Easy operation
Overcutting is especially troublesome because
A. High hazards to person who is going to carry the work
B. Early breakthrough at some point will expose the coal to the high-pressure jet
C. Causes environmental problems
D. Highly inflammable and danger to mankind
The problems associated with the slotting technique
A. Placing and orienting the cutting jet are simple
B. Placing and orienting the cutting jet are costly
C. Placing and orienting the cutting jet are not present
D. Placing and orienting the cutting jet are difficult
Perforating is ---- compared to slotting (regarding cost)
A. Very expensive
B. Easy
C. Inexpensive
D. Medium price
Perforating the formation has the following advantages
A. Selective stimulations
B. Selective simulations
C. Expensive
D. Formation stability is not present around borehole
Perforating the formation has the following disadvantages
A. Less costs for casing to total depth
B. Formation stability around borehole; reduction of fines
C. Selective stimulations
D. Greater costs for casing to total depth
In the baffled fracturing technique, baffle plates are placed on the casing before
A. Installing and cementing the casing
B. After cementing the casing
C. No need of casing
D. Installing and cementing the drill pipe
Perforating cased holes procedure ----- than openhole or slotting methods
A. Slower
B. Costly
C. Faster
D. Inexpensive
Perforating cased holes procedure allows
A. Completing ten zones per day
B. Completing two or three zones per day
C. Completing one zones per day
D. Completing eight zones per day
Frac plugs originated from the desire of the operator to individually treat different
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zones
A. Before the casing had already been cemented in place
B. After the casing had already been cemented in place
C. No need of casing, only cemented in place
D. Only casing, on need of cement in place
Frac plugs allowed the operator to set a plug-type tool by ----- in the casing after
perforating a zone
A. Electric wireline
B. Lowering by hand
C. Lowering by drilling rig
D. Lowering by drill bit
A frac plug is --- through the center
A. Shallow
B. Hollow
C. Circle
D. Rectangle
Drawback of the steel frac plugs is ----A. It is a permanent plug
B. Falls into bore hole
C. It is a metal made
D. Removal time
Advantage of CT rig is --A. Low in cost
B. Requires more time for operation
C. Safe, timely, and economical manner
D. More man power
Expand BHPA
A. Bottomhole packer assembly
B. Bottomhole production assembly
C. Bottomhole plastic automation
D. Borehole packer assembly
CT fracturing has been used with ------A. Water
B. Air
C. Heavy weight mud
D. Foamed fluids
Benefits of CT and the BHPA include
A. Less environmental impact
B. More environmental impact
C. More number of screenouts
D. Cost is more and high efficient
Coiled tubing (CT) string dia range from ---A. 1 to 5
B. 3 to 4
C. 2 3/8 to 2 7/8
D. 6 to 10
To create perforations and to initiate fractures what is done
A. CT string using a underbalanced perforation gun
B. CT string using a proprietary jet
C. CT string using a balanced perforation gun
D. CT string using a through tubing perforation gun
The casing is -------- as the CT is lowered to spot the jet for the next interval
treatment
A. Reverse cleaned
B. Washed through drill pipe
C. Washed normally
D. Washed with acid
Attendant problems associated with developing the coals for methane include
A. Coal has an extensive porosity
B. Coal is of hard formation
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C. Coal is friable
D. Coal occurs in High temperature & high pressure conditions
Costs of completing the CBM well must be --A. Minimized
B. Maximized
C. High cost
D. Very expensive
Openhole completions of single seams goal was recovery of gas from a single seam
with -----A. Maximum formation damage
B. Minimum formation damage
C. Maximum coal recovery
D. Minimum coal recovery
Reaming the coal face underneath the casing will create ---A. Permeability
B. Porosity
C. Hole collapse
D. Cavity
Cavity completions may produce -------- than fractured wells in the area
A. Six times (or more) rate
B. Less economic
C. No production
D. Create problem while production
Negative aspects of the fracturing process
A. May produce more methane
B. May produce more water
C. May produce more coal than expected for daily usage
D. May cause near-wellbore damage
Natural cavitation is the process of coal sloughing into the wellbore by release of
natural -----A. In-situ stresses
B. In situ strain
C. In situ methane production
D. In situ water production
Natural cavitation process is similar to injection cavitation except ---A. No Injection of mud
B. No Injection of effluent
C. No Injection of water or air
D. No Injection of heavy weight mud
After production flow tests, ------------ particles that had entered the cavity during
flow periods were removed.
A. 100 mesh to
B. 60 mesh to
C. 10 mesh to 1/3
D. 70 mesh to 2.5
Water and air were circulated through the ------- at total depth to remove the debris
A. Drillpipe
B. Casing
C. Annulus
D. Bottom hole assembly
The slotted-casing technique concept aims to retain a large area open to the face of
the coal while providing a means to -----------A. To combine each zone and control methane
B. Isolate each zone and control fracturing fluid
C. Isolate each zone and control drilling fluid
D. Isolate each zone and control water
Slotted casing prevents fines and spallings from ------- access as in perforations
A. Plugging
B. Unplugging
C. Milling
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D. Drilling
The problems associated with the slotting technique ------A. Strengthen the casing and make it susceptible to failure during fracturing
B. Weaken the drill pipe and make it susceptible to failure during fracturing
C. Strengthen the drill pipe and make it susceptible to failure during fracturing
D. Weaken the casing and make it susceptible to failure during fracturing
Perforating as the conventional method of accessing the formation has the following
advantages
A. Expensive
B. No need of using explosive material
C. Inexpensive
D. Using of explosive material
Disadvantage of perforating -------A. Plugging of the perforations with coal fines and chips
B. Plugging of the zones with coal fines and chips
C. Plugging of the methane with coal fines and chips
D. Plugging of the water with coal fines and chips
One of the type used in Multi zone Entry in Cased Hole
A. Access by Perforating
B. Access by Slotting
C. Openhole cavity completion
D. Baffled Entry
Frac plug advantages ----A. Waste perforations and more breakdown pressures
B. Better perforations and reduced breakdown pressures
C. Better perforations and high breakdown pressures
D. Better water and reduced methane pressures
Composite frac plug introduced by ---A. Schlumberger
B. Baker Hughes
C. Halliburton
D. ONGC
Composite plugs consist of ----A. Maximum metal content
B. Minimal metal content
C. Minimal waste content
D. Minimal gas content
CT movement sets the lower packer, and circulation is begun ------- past the upper
cups and back up the coil string
A. Through the annulus
B. Through the drill pipes
C. Through the casing
D. Through the choke manifold
Large methane contents of coals could often be produced profitably if ---A. Dewaterd
B. Reinjection
C. Watering
D. Enhanced coal recovery
While carrying out Hydraulic fracturing the main problem encountered in CBM well
is ----A. More methane production
B. Formation of fines
C. More water production
D. Improvement in permeability & porosity
Fines are known to deteriorate fracture conductivity with time, possibly packing into
--A. Joints
B. Face cleats
C. Butt cleats & tertiary
D. Micropores
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Expand HPG
A. High polymer gum
B. High pressure gas
C. High performance gas
D. Hydroxypropyl guar
Expand SMA
A. Surface modification agent
B. Source migration accumulation
C. South magnetic application
D. Surface modification association
The higher than expected fracturing pressures in coal create
A. Reduces proppant settling to help improve permeability of the proppant pack
B. Bursting of the rock at fracture initiation generates fines that bridge the crack
near the wellbore
C. Helps maintain a high well production rate for a longer period of time
D. The surface of the coal adsorbs chemicals of the fracturing fluid
Stress profiles of the coal and other rock strata between coal groups may be obtained
by
E. Wireline logging
F. Skin test
G. pump-in microfracture tests
H. permeability test
Microfractures involve pumping a small volume of fluid into the formation and
measure
A. Instantaneous shut-in pressure
B. Porosity
C. Permeability
D. Porosity and permeability
Fracture height in coals is controlled by ---A. Extensive stresses of the formations
B. In-situ stresses of the formations
C. Formation pressures in the coal
D. Presence of water and methane
Horizontal fractures have been observed --A. Vertical depths
B. Deep depths
C. Shallower depths
D. Ultra deep depths
Expand LGB
A. Liquid gas bags
B. Low-gel borate
C. Liquid gas bubbles
D. Low gas bubble
CO2, which are strongly adsorbed in the micropores cause
A. Breaking of coal matrix
B. Heating of coal matrix
C. Swelling of the coal matrix
D. Shrinkage of the coal matrix
Methane diffusion through micropores by
A. Darcy law
B. Passions ratio
C. Youngs modulus
D. Ficks law
Flow of methane from macropores to the well bore given by
A. Darcy law
B. Passions ratio
C. Youngs modulus
D. Ficks law
Expand ISIP
A. Instantaneous shut-in point
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B. Instantaneous shut-in pressure

C. Instantaneous shut-in phase
D. In-place shut-in pressure
Poissons ratio may be determined from
A. Permeability test
B. Porosity test
C. Dynamic test
D. Injection test
Coal usually has a ---- Youngs modulus than the surrounding rock -E. Much smaller
F. Greater
G. Medium
H. High
Fines could load the fracturing fluid to increase
A. Temperature and decrease pressure drop
B. Viscosity and consequently increase pressure drop
C. To prevent formation damage
D. Viscosity and temperature are increased
A post-fracture service that helps remove ---A. Methane
B. Wellbore damage and coal fines
C. Water
D. Methane + water + carbon dioxide
The use of a surface modification agent during hydraulic fracturing that provides--E. Helps to maintain a low well production rate for a shorter period of time
F. Helps to maintain a high well production rate for a shorter period of time
G. Helps to maintain a low well production rate for a longer period of time
H. Helps to maintain a high well production rate for a longer period of time
Fines contribute to elevated pressures during ---E. Absorption
F. Adsorption
G. Chemical reaction
H. Fracturing
The organic surface of coal has the potential of being damaged from ----A. Adsorption of ingredients of the fracturing fluid
B. Absorption of ingredients of the fracturing fluid
C. Desorption of ingredients of the fracturing fluid
D. Diffusion of ingredients of the fracturing fluid
The primary and secondary cleat system as well as the tertiary fissures of coals
represent the flow system for future gas production must be --A. Unprotected during the drilling or completion process
B. Protected during the drilling or completion process
C. Protected during the perforation process
D. Unprotected during the perforation process
The following deleterious effects result from leakoff in coals
A. Fracturing efficiency increases
B. Fracturing efficiency increases & decreases
C. Fracturing efficiency decreases
D. Fracturing efficiency is not present
Hydraulic fracturing had been highly developed for conventional gas reservoirs of
A. Low-permeability sands
B. High permeability sands
C. High permeability shales
D. Low permeability silts
Fluid damage to the coals occurs by
A. Adsorption of chemicals from the fracturing
B. Absorption of chemicals from the fracturing
C. Desorption of chemicals from the fracturing
D. Diffusion of chemicals from the fracturing
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Hydraulic fracturing technology, developed in oil & gas industry after

E. 1952
F. 1957
G. 1948
H. 1956
Successful application of fracturing to coal seams by research in the year
E. 1970
F. 1960
G. 1980
H. 1990
A leakoff coefficient, Cw, may be calculated
A. Cw=0.0328 m
B. Cw= m/2A
C. Cw=0.0328 m/2A
D. Cw=0.0328/2A
Connecting the fissures to the wellbore must be by hydraulic fracturing or by
regionally limited by ---E. Cavity completions
F. Cased hole completion
G. Perfooration
H. Drilling
Fines and rubble of coal result from ---E. Acidization
F. Fracturing
G. Production
H. Water production
Excessive fines are generated during fracturing because coal is
E. Very hard in nature
F. Having high pressures in the subsurface
G. Friable nature
H. Having high temperature in the subsurface
The above propitious permeability range the goal of simulation may be to connect the
well bore with
A. Formations
B. Natural fractures
C. Filter cakes
D. Hydraulic pressures
The coal seam length becomes inconsequential as permeabilitys exceed
E. 5md
F. 7md
G. 8md
H. 10md
Youngs modulus for coal is much --------- than that for conventional rock
E. Higher
F. Lower
G. Stable
H. Longer
Fractured length assists productivity especially b/w
E. 0.4 to 0.5
F. 0.5 to 0.6
G. 0.6 to 0.7
H. 0.7 to 0.8
In laboratory experiment the gel that with 8 lb/gal sand flowing at typical fractions in
a coal simulated fines linearly with time
E. HPG
F. LPG
G. LNG
H. CNG
Rubble generated near the well bore (or) fines introduced during fracturing may
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contribute to
A. Low treating pressures
B. Medium treating pressures
C. Higher treating pressures
D. Standard pressures
Physical entrapment of polymer molecules in coal obstructs
A. Butt cleats
B. Face cleats
C. Butt and face cleats
D. Micro pore openings
After deterioration of permeability from ------ permeability could not be reinstated.
E. Sorption
F. Adsorption
G. Absorption
H. Reinjection
A stabilized prop pant pack formation interface helps maintain
E. Conductivity
F. Resistivity
G. Porosity
H. Permeability
Hydraulic fracturing of conventional formations .. acted as barrier to fracture
growth
E. Water zone
F. Coal
G. Formations
H. Mud cake
The mobility of the fines is then restricted with a proprietary chemical formation that
makes the surface of the coal particle
E. Lacky
F. Frac
G. Tacky
H. Sticky
By hydraulic treating fluids the polymers that are removed
A. Guar and polyacrylamide
B. Guar
C. Polyacrylamide
D. Pvc
Research qualitatively explained the contribution of fines to
E. Low fracture pressures
F. High fracture pressures
G. Low hydraulic pressures
H. High hydraulic pressures
Fracturing process increases pore pressure, youngs modulus ----------and poisons
ratio ----------E. Increases, increases
F. Increases, decreases
G. Decreases, increases
H. Decreases, decreases
------- Was observed in a natural fracture in roof of coal mine from well bore
E. Water
F. Cement
G. Cleats
H. Pores
The bulk of the fracturing fluid and larger size prop pant is then diverted to a -----induced fracture
E. Secondary
F. Tertiary
G. Normally
H. Primary
m in leak off coefficient is defined as .
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E. Flow time / ( filtrate volume )^0.5

F. Filtrate volume / flow time
G. Filtrate volume/(flow time)^0.5
H. Filtrate volume *flow time
The overburden pressure gradient that need for fracturing is
E. 1.0-1.2 psi/ft
F. 1.2-2.0 psi/ft
G. 2.0-2.5 psi /ft
H. 2.5-3 psi /ft
Water must be removed from the coal to lower the pressure and to initiate methane
A. Absorption
B. vaporization
C. stripping
D. Desorption
Water purity and the quantity produced determine the means of
E. Disposal and the costs of disposal
F. Production of methane
G. Absorption of methane
H. Desorption of methane
Water associated with a CBM involves
A. Adherent moisture, inherent moisture, and chemically bound water
B. Inherent moisture
C. Adherent moisture
D. Chemically bound water
Bulk moisture represents the . to be disposed of in CBM work.
A. Gas
B. Water
C. Oil
D. D) gas/oil
Inherent moisture the adsorptive capacity of the coal for methane.
A. Decreases
B. Increase
C. No change
D. Gradually increase
CBM operations result in barrels of water produced per 1,000 cu ft of methane.
E. 0.35
F. 0.36
G. 0.41
H. 0.31
The anticipated schedule of-------- production throughout the life of the project is
needed for an accurate economic evaluation.
E. Oil
F. Water
G. Gas
H. Oil/Gas
Water disposal and operating costs depend upon knowing the .. production rate
from an entire field.
E. Oil
F. Water
G. Gas
H. Oil/Gas
The water production with time data of a production unit in the field may be
described with .. Curve analysis
E. Decline
F. Incline
G. Logarithmic
H. Exponential
If the data are treated as an .decline, then the resulting straight line can be
extrapolated to any later time.
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
E. Exponential
F. Production
G. Logarithmic
H. Hyperbolic
. production from sandstones intermingled with the coal beds may result in
smaller than expected water production rates.
E. Oil
F. Water
G. Gas
H. Oil/Gas
. and chemical content are the two important considerations of waters
produced from coal seams.
E. Quantity
F. Quality
G. Gas
H. Oil
Quantity and chemical content are the two important considerations of produced
from coal seams.
E. Oil
F. Gas
G. Oil/Gas
H. Water
Treatment at the .. is necessary regardless of the disposal method.
E. Subsurface
F. Underground
G. Surface
H. Tanks
composition gives some insight into the permeability of the formation.
A. Oil
B. Water
C. Gas
D. Oil/Gas
The . ion exists in larger concentrations in those formations having meteoric
waters continually replenishing the coal seams.
A. Carbonate
B. Bicarbonate
C. Tri carbonate
D. Tetra carbonate
The .. ion occurs in greater concentration in those more stationary coal bed
waters.
E. Carbonate
F. Bicarbonate
G. Tri carbonate
H. Tetra carbonate
The .suggests a discontinuity in the seams or a lack of permeability that leaves
the waters uncirculated.
A.
169
+
Na cat ion
C.
cl2 Anion
cl Anion
D.
Na+2 cat ion
B.
The scatter of the data for formations shallower than about .

A. 2,100ft
B. 2,500 ft
C. 2,000 ft
D. 2,200 ft
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
Comparison of the two sets of data helps explain the variation of the chloride data,
particularly at . depths.
E. Shallow
F. Deep shallow
G. Higher
H. Lower
Adherent moisture is also referred as -A. Bulk moisture
B. Adsorbed moisture
C. Inherent moisture
D. Chemically bound moisture
By analogy it is hypothesized that where surface waters mix in the coal seam, the Clconcentration will be
E. High
F. Low
G. Medium
H. No change
.. concentration with depth takes on additional importance.
A. Chloride
B. Carbide
C. Calcium
D. Sodium
Dissolved oxygen must be input to the produced waters because the . from the
coal seams are devoid of oxygen.
E. Oil
F. Water
G. Gas
H. Oil/Gas
A primary objective in the initial treatment is to transfer to the water for
feeding the growth of micro organisms
A. Hydrogen
B. CO2
C. H2O2
D. Oxygen
If disposal wells are used for produced coal bed waters, it is not permissible to reinject the produced coal bed waters into any formation having less than..TDS
A. 25,000ppm
B. 12,000ppm
C. 15,000ppm
D. 10,000ppm
.. Result from the bacteria that degrade organic compounds in the water.
A. TDS
B. BOD
C. TDC
D. BOC
The microorganisms increase their activity exponentially with temperature so that a
standard temperature is
E.
300 c
F.
250 c
G.
45 0 c
H.
200 c
Removal of the manganese and iron is more straightforward than .. removal.

E. TDS
F. BOD
G. TDC
H. BOC
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
A primary limitation under the act is that injection cannot be made into an aquifer of
less than . of TDS unless the aquifer is already contaminated.
A. 15,000 mg/L
B. 20,000 mg/L
C. 12,000 mg/L
D. 10,000 mg/L
The total effluent flow rate from the wells are superposed on the assimilative
capacity of the stream
A. Production
B. CBM
C. Injection
D. Dry
Low-cost . pipe is used in the pipelines.
E. Propylene
F. Ethylene
G. Polyethylene
H. Poly propylene
Bulk moisture refers to the free water contained in the
E. Cleat system having a normal vapor pressure
F. Cleat system having abnormal vapor pressure
G. Permeability
H. Porosity having normal vapor pressure
Inherent moisture is also referred as
A. Permeability moisture
B. Porosity moisture
C. Adsorbed moisture
D. Cavity moisture
The most profitable of any coal basin because two favorable factors, content
and permeability.
E. Oil
F. Water
G. Gas
H. Oil/Gas
A permeability of at least mD is needed for coals to be economically attractive
A. to 0.8
B. to 0.4
C. to 0.2
D. to 0.5
A minimum initial pressure that would encourage development of coals of multiple,
thin seams would be
E. 125175 psi
F. 125155 psi
G. 125185 psi
H. 125195 psi
The lower prices reduced internal rate of return to unacceptable values.
E. Oil
F. Water
G. Gas
H. Oil/Gas
NPV means
A. Net present volume
B. Normal present value
C. Net present value
D. Net percent value
NPV profit introduces the time value of money into the analysis, and it uses an
rate representative of the companys reinvestment opportunity
A. Production
B. Interest
C. Injection
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
D. Investment
ROR means
E. Rate of return
F. Rate of run
G. Rate of reinjection
H. Rate of reinvest
Rates of return of properties in general would be expected to exceed typical minimum
value criterion of
E. 50%
F. 20%
G. 40%
H. 60%
Payout would ordinarily indicate a desirable criterion of less than years for a
conventional project under consideration.
E. 2.5
F. 3.5
G. 1.5
H. 4.5
The most economic method is a post-fracture injection to calibrate fracture
volumes used.
A. Fall-on test
B. Break-off test
C. Leak-off test
D. Fall-off test
Interference between CBM wells is imperative to promote desorption.
E. Oil
F. Water
G. Gas
H. Oil/Gas
Transportation costs to each site must be added to costs of each .. method
A. Production
B. Disposal
C. Injection
D. ReInjection
.. And limited entry methods were most attractive to reduce cost effective
E. Baffled fracturing
F. Hydraulic fracturing
G. Slotted casing
H. Slotted fracturing
Perforating may cost . % of open hole completion or . % of the slotting
procedure costs.
A. 45, 66
B. 45, 68
C. 49, 66
D. 41, 70
The cost to drill, perforate, fracture, dispose of water, and bring the methane on
stream of a development well 3,500 ft deep is estimated to be
A. $319,300
B. $329,300
C. $339,300
D. $349,300
The well costs including drilling to a typical depth of about 3,000 ft in the basin,
perforating, and fracturing three zones amount to
A. $150,000 to $200,000
B. $190,000 to $350,000
C. $120,000 to $350,000
D. $190,000 to $200,000
1. Which coal basin produced commercial amount of CBM for the first time in India
Jharia
2
2. Burning of which of the following fuels produces the least amount of CO per unit ofenergy
Natural Gas
3. Which country contains about 50% of the worlds coal resources
The former Soviet Union
4. The main reason for hydraulic fracturing in CBM is
To create artificial permeability
5. Which of the following energy sources does not produce carbon dioxide
Uranium
6.
Oil derived from coal, oil shales or tar sands is

Syncrude
7. A coal deposit that is not economical to mine today would be considered part of our
Coal resources
8. Adsorption isotherm curves are generally of ___types
5
9. The Langmuir Model has frequently been applied to the description of _________isotherm.
Type I
10. Which gas has higher affinity towards adsorption on coal
CO2
11. Orientation of in-situ stresses in any coalfield can be determined from ___orientation
mapping.
Cleat
12. Permeability of coal seam decrease as effective vertical stress ___________
Increases
13. In CBM, coal bed permeability is controlled by the orientations of _____________
Cleat / Natural fracture
4
14. Desorption of CH from coal matrix in the CBM reservoir increases with injection of __
CO2
15. The critical temperature of methane is ________ C.
0
82.57 C
16. Study of adsorption isotherm is important for ______
Gas storage capacity
17. CDP is stands for _____________
Critical desorption pressure
18. CBM remains within the coal bed as in _________phase.

Adsorbed
19. _____ is the type of cleats observed in coal beds
Face or butt
20. First commercial production of CBM was done by _____(name of organization) in India.
CLR or coal India limited
21. Attractive terms offered by the Government
No participating interest of the Government
22. The use of CBM could fulfill national goals
Provide a clean-burning fuel
23. If methane is not recaptured it is not only lost as a resource but contributes to ------Global warming
24. The volume of methane contributing to greenhouse gasses is -----times smaller than
carbon dioxide, its greenhouse potential is --- times higher.
3, 21
25. Coal mining is estimated to cause about --- percent of global methane emissions
9
26. Coalbed Methane (CBM), an ------ source of natural gas
Unconventional
27. India having the ----- largest proven coal reserves and being the ----largest coal producer
in the world
4, 3
28. Full form of MOP&NG
Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas
29. Full form of DGH
Directorate General of Hydrocarbons
30. Role of DGH in CBM
Implementing agency for CBM policy
31. Role of Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas
Administrative Ministry
No upfront payment
No signature bonus
Freedom to sell gas in the domestic market
Provision of fiscal stability

Seven years tax holiday
37. First CBM round in India
May 2001
38. Second CBM round in India
May 2003
39. Third CBM round in India
2006
40. Fourth CBM round in India
2010
41. The methane is held to the solid surface of the coal by ----- in numerous micropores
Adsorption
42. Gas flow mechanism in CBM is by ------ through the ------ of the coal matrix is involved
Diffusion, Micropores
43. Highest rank of coal
Anthracitic
44. First stage of conversion of wood to --Peat, Peatification
45. Second stage of conversion of peat to coal
Coalification
46. Methane liberated less than 50 0C process is termed as --Biochemical, biogenic
47. Methane liberated greater than 50 0C process is termed as --Thermogenic
48. What are macerals
Smallest distinguishable organic particles of coal that can be seen under a microscope
49. Over geologic time, under the primary influence of temperature, volatiles of ----- are
released, mainly from the non-aromatic component
CO2, CH4, and H2O
50. ---- increases with coal rank
Aromaticity
51. Coal has a net --- charge
Negative surface
52. Liptinite, also called ---Exinite
53. Liptinite, originated from ---Spores, pollen, resins
54. Vitrinite is the most ---- maceral of coal

Abundant
55. Vitrinite is formed partly from ---Lignin, an amorphous, polymeric substance
56. The vitrinite maceral is capable of producing ---Hydrocarbon gas but only small amounts of oil
57. Liptinite maceral is capable of producing ---Hydrocarbon gases and oil
58. Inertinite is derived from
Lack of chemical reactivity
59. Lithotypes are
Microscopic basis macerals
60. Trends of molecular structure during maturation are
Aromaticityincreases
Functional groups containing O, N, S decrease
Aliphatic compounds decrease
Clustering of aromatic rings increases.
64. Proximate analyses of coal provide the percentage composition in coal of ---Ash
65. Proximate analyses of coal provide the percentage composition in coal of ---Fixed carbon
66. Proximate analyses of coal provide the percentage composition in coal of ---Volatile matter
67. Proximate analyses of coal provide the percentage composition in coal of ---Moisture
68. Ultimate analysis provides the elemental composition of
Oxygen
Carbon
Hydrogen
Sulfur
Nitrogen
73. Higher temperatures promote the ------ and higher pressures --Geochemical reactions, retard the reactions
74. Coal has a --- system of macropores and micropores
Dual pore
75. Face cleats are termed as ----Primary
76. Butt cleats are termed as ----Secondary
77. Categorized the adsorption of a gas on a solid into five types of isotherms
Brunauer
78. Isotherm refers to
The volume of gas adsorbed on a solid surface
79. Type I isotherm, as characterized by
Applies to the adsorption of gases in microporous solids
80. The Langmuir equation fits the adsorption data of methane on coal and is used
exclusively in the CBM process to describe
The Type I curves
81. As pressures in coalseams increase with depth or with the hydrostatic head of water, the
capacity of the coal for
Adsorbing more methane improves
82. Equation to describe the adsorption of gases on a solid is that of Langmuir, developed the
theory in
1918
83. Activated carbon may have surface areas of
1 sq mi/5 lb of carbon
84. Activated carbon or charcoal has long been used in gas masks and for recovery of
Solvents and fractionation of mixed gases.
85. An isotherm presents the relationship of a coals adsorptive capacity for methane as a
function of
Pressure at a constant temperature
86. The isotherm is plotted as
scf/ton of methane volume adsorbed vs. psia of pressure
87. Isotherms are necessary to estimate reserves of ----- in a coal property and to estimate ---Methane, ultimate recovery and the recovery factor
88. At constant formation temperature, the gas content-pressure relationship will be
influenced by
Coal rank, mineral matter content of the coal, and bed moisture
89. Gas flow in Conventional Gas by
Darcy flow of gas to wellbore.

90. Gas flow in CBM by
Diffusion through micropores by Ficks Law
91. In Conventional reservoir rock is
Inorganic reservoir rock
92. In CBM reservoir rock is
Organic reservoir rock
93. In CBM both Reservoir and source rock are --Same
94. In coalbed Permeability is ---Highly stress dependent
95. DST can be performed in
Open and cased hole
96. The first flow period in drill stem test is usually performed to
Clean up the well
97. The main flow period is usually longer than the pre-flow period and is performed to
determine ----The formation flow characteristics
98. The final shut-in that follows the flow period will help determine --The formation permeability and skin damage
99. The slug test involves the instantaneous ------ of a specific volume of fluid into (or from)
a wellbore and measuring the pressure response as the fluid level -----.
Addition or withdrawal, returns to equilibrium conditions
100. The main advantages of a slug test
Cost less
101. The main disadvantages of a slug test
Test duration could be excessively long for low-permeability coals
102. The slug test is undertaken before fracturing while only ---- is being produced.
Water
103. The tank test it uses ------ to inject water instead of using pumps
Gravity drainage
104. The tank test falls into the category of -----Injection falloff test
105. For gravity drainage to occur, the reservoir pressure should be --- .
Lower than the hydrostatic gradient
106. The main advantages of slug test
Can be applied to both pre- and post-stimulated coalseams
107. The main Disadvantages of slug test ---
The radius of investigation is limited to the created water bank

108. Below Fracture Pressure-Injection Falloff Test is referred as -Matrix injection test
109. Full form of BFP-IFT
Below Fracture Pressure-Injection Falloff Test
110. The advantages of the BFP-IFT test --Will provide a unique solution if conducted properly
111. The main disadvantages of t BFP-IFT test --The injection fluid has to be pumped below fracture pressure
112. Full form of DFIT
Diagnostic Fracture Injection Test
113. The advantages of Pressure Buildup
The test can be applied in both pre- and post-fracture stimulated coals
114. The disadvantages of Pressure Buildup
For wells with low deliverability, drawdown/buildup may not be feasible
115. Multi-well interference tests are performed to determine the inter well properties of
absolute ----Permeability and porosity-compressibility product
116. Advantages of performing a multi-well interference test
To help determine well locations
117. Main disadvantages of the multi-well interference tests
It is very expensive to perform
118. When pressure declines in coalseams as a consequence of production of water and gas,
permeability changes because of ----Klinkenberg effect, matrix shrinkage and effective stress
119. The Klinkenberg effect increases effective permeability of methane
At low pressures
120. Coal has a ---- porosity system
Dual
121. ------ occurs within the gas phase, driven by a concentration gradient
Bulk diffusion
122. ----- type diffusional flow occurs in capillaries of diameters less than the mean free path
of the gas molecules
Knudsen
123. ----- is a second type of diffusional flow that occurs if the adsorbed gas, or pseudoliquid
Surface diffusion
124. ----- are discontinuous fractures that formed after butt and face cleats
Tertiary cleats
125. The flow of fluids through the cleats is by ----Darcys law

126. When the well is first drilled, ----- may fully occupy the cleat space
Water
127. In terms of the Langmuir isotherm, the seams may be ----- with respect to gas, and some
water must be removed to ------ and initiate desorption
Undersaturated, lower the pressure
128. The volumetric flow rate of methane from the matrix to the cleats is governed by ---Ficks first law
129. A classical method to determine conventional oil and gas reserves is
Decline curve analysis
130. Decline curves have long been used in the oil and gas industry to fit the ------ of
producing properties.
Production time data
131. A ---- is a minimum requirement to evaluate ultimate field performance where the center
well will be most representative of field performance.
Five-spot pilot project
132. ----- is more strongly adsorbed on coals than both nitrogen and methane in coals
Carbon dioxide
133. ECBM
Enhanced Coal Bed Methane
134. With nitrogen injection, the initial recovery rate of methane is --Higher
135. With CO2 injection, the initial recovery rate of methane is
Lower
136. Government of India has awarded ---- Blocks under fourth round of CBM bidding
7 CBM
137. The Government formulated a Policy for Coal Bed Methane in ---- year.
1997
138. Full form of GAIL
Gas Authority of India Ltd
139. A saturated CBM reservoir could contain up to ----- the amount of gas contained in a
conventional gas reservoir of comparative size, temperature and pressure
Five times
140. CBM production is done by simple ----- and
De-pressurization, de-watering process
141. Full form of NELP
New Exploration Licensing Policy

142. NELP was formulated in --- year
1997-98
143. ---- drilling is practiced in CBM
Underbalance
144. ----- allows circulation of the hole while drilling to surface-casing depth.
Air drilling
145. Air drilling in CBM is done with ---- bits
Air-hammer
146. Fluid drilling in CBM to get methane from coal is commonly done with ---- bits
Tri-cone rotary
147. Coal is generally ---- than limestone or sandstone
Softer
148. Horizontal penetration rates can approach --- using water to circulate through a rotary bit
100 ft/hr
149. Air drilling increases rate of penetration and reduces cost because no --- is used
Mud
150. CBM well drilled within --- days
1 or 2 days
151. Lost-circulation problems are greatly reduced with ---- and fewer cuttings are generated
for disposal.
Air drilling
152. Cementing operation must be slightly --- to prevent free-gas migration into the cement
column after placement is accomplished
Overbalanced
153. --- best practice is to provide 710 minutes of exposure to the spacer fluids for adequate
hole cleaning in the annular space.
Cementing
154. Full form of ECD
Equivalent circulating densities
155. Pipe movement is not recommended if cementing through a ------ stage cementer
Packer shoe or multiple
156. Gas-flow potential can be difficult to measure for wells ----Underbalanced
157. For cementation in CBM short transition-time cements, such as ---- blends, is preferred.
Thixotropic
158. Foam cement provides ductile, secure, and ---- for CBM wells.
Long-lasting zonal isolation
159. If the gradient is exceeded, the coal formation may break down and cause the cement to
be --- to the formation
Lost
160. During primary cementing, ---- cement can help prevent formation breakdown, lost
circulation
Foam
170. During primary cementing, foam cement can help prevent formation breakdown, --Lost circulation, and post-job cement fallback
171. Slurries that contain less water are usually --- than those that carry a high percentage of
water
Stronger
172. With inert gas as a filler material, slurries of even very low density can still have --solids content
High
173. The simplest type is Class A (Type 1) commonly referred as --Portland cement
174. Portland cement is mixed at a density of --- for neat blends
15.6 lb/gal
175. Because coal contains many natural fractures, or cleats, it is preferable to use a ---material for curing lost circulation
Granular material
176. The wireline logging services employed by the coal industry provided means to assist in
mapping the coal, measuring its thickness, and ---- in formations above the coal
Locating water tables
177. Coalbeds that are well cleated can often be eroded by the drilling process, creating a
-------- of borehole that shows as an enlarged caliper measurement.
Washed-out section
178. Tool pulls can cause a ---- of the position of a particular measurement
Mismatch
179. The quad combination log consists of the three ---- tools and a --- measurement device
Porosity, resistivity
180. The natural gamma ray tool measures --- emitted from the radioactive minerals in the
immediate vicinity of the wellbore.
Bulk gamma rays
181. Most of the naturally occurring radioactivity in sedimentary formations comes from
three general types of minerals ---Thorium, potassium, or uranium
182. Full form of NORM
Naturally occurring radioactive minerals

183. --- generally contain large amounts of naturally occurring radioactive minerals
Clay minerals
184. ------- mineral, being a more soluble mineral, can be transported by groundwater moving
through the formation.
Uranium
185. Coals usually have a very low natural gamma ray response because the concentration of
-----Clay minerals is low
186. Coals usually have a very ----- response because the concentration of clay minerals is
low
Low natural gamma ray
187. Gamma ray log reading will be in ---API
188. The spontaneous potential (SP) measurement is a voltage potential difference created by
phenomena
Salinity difference between the borehole fluid and reservoir fluid
phenomena
Streaming potential
phenomena
Electrochemical invasion.
191. The most common source of SP is ---Salinity difference between connate water and borehole fluids
192. SP is generated by fluids moving from the ----Borehole to the reservoir
193. Electrochemical SP effects are most common in --- reservoirs where ions are traded
between the reservoir rock and the borehole fluids
Carbonates
194. When the SP measurement deflects to the left of the baseline, it indicates that the ------is lower than the salinity of the formation water.
Salinity of the borehole fluid
195. When the SP measurement deflects to the right of the shale baseline, the borehole fluid
salinity is greater than the -----.
Salinity of the formation water
196. In coals, SP deflection tends to reflect the ---- in the coal
Bulk permeability
197. A greater SP deflection observed across from a coal indicates greater ----- in a coal
Permeability
198. Resistivity tools come in two general categories, induction or ---Laterolog
199. The choice of resistivity tools is usually based upon the ---- of the borehole fluids
Salinity
200. Induction tools are typically run in wells with ----- in the drilling mud.
Less than 30,000 ppm chlorides
201. The most common resistivity devices run for CBM applications are
Induction-based tools
202. Coal tends to exhibit rather ----- resistivity measurements
High
203. Coal, in its purest form, is a good --- and has very --Insulator, High resistivity
204. Impurities in coal such as clays, pyrites, volcanic minerals, and fluid-filled cleating tend
to ---- the resistivity in coals
Reduce
205. Permeable coal is observed as having a typical invasion profile while the tight coal
shows very ----- with no invasion.
High resistivity
206. Microlog resistivity measurement is a very shallow, ----- measurement
Non-focused resistivity
207. The normal resistivity reads slightly ---- than the inverse measurement.
Deeper
208. The microlog has historically been used as an indicator of --- across from permeable
zones
Mud cake
209. Nuclear measurements are divided into two categories, tools using high-energy gamma
rays and tools ------.
Using high-energy neutrons
210. Nuclear measurements are divided into two categories, tools using --- and tools using
high-energy neutrons.
High-energy gamma rays
211. The high-energy gamma ray tools measure the --- of the formation
Electron bulk density
212. The high-energy neutron tools respond to the ---- of the formation
Hydrogen index
213. High-energy gamma ray tools are commonly called ----
Density tools
214. High-energy neutron tools are referred to as --Neutron tools
215. Most CBM evaluation is performed with ----- type of log
Density log
216. Full form of CN tool
Compensated neutron
217. The monopole sonic tools are typically used when measuring --Compressional slowness
218. Acoustic tools come in two varieties, a ---- sonic and a dipole sonic
Monopole
219. Acoustic tools come in two varieties, a monopole sonic and a --Dipole sonic
220. Sonic logs identify coals by their ----, which will typically be longer than most any other
formation in the well
Long transit times
221. Full form of MRIL
Magnetic resonance imaging tool
222. The magnetic resonance imaging tool is a porosity device that measures only --Pore space filled with fluid
223. Porosity measurement is independent of the --- of the formation
Lithology
224. The porosity measured in coal is primarily the ----Cleat porosity
225. Full form of MEI
Micro-electrical imaging
226. The gross thickness of a particular coalseam is determined by following these general
wireline log measurement --Bulk-density measurements less than 2 g/cc.
wireline log measurement --Gamma ray measurements less than 60 API.
wireline log measurement --Neutron porosity measurements greater than 50%.
wireline log measurement ---Sonic transit time greater than 80 s/ft.
wireline log measurement --Shear transit time greater than 180 s/ft.
wireline log measurement ---Resistivity greater than 50 m2/m.
232. A convenient measure to assess analog CBM projects compares ----Coal tonnage per acre
233. Coal tonnage is calculated using equation
CTpA = 1359.7 * h * RHOB
234. Total gas-in-place (GIP) calculations are derived by multiplying the project area, coal
tonnage, and the ---- together
Gas content
235. Total gas-in-place (GIP) calculations --GIP = GC_L * CTpA * A
236. The recovery factor can be calculated
R = GC_A / GC_L
237. Current drainage Area is calculated by --CDA = Cumulative gas production / GIP
238. Mechanical rock properties include ----- which are commonly used in hydraulic-fracture
stimulation design
Poissons ratio and Youngs modulus
239. The coal of optimum rank for coalbed methane (CBM) production is also the most
Fragile.
240. Coal has an ----- system that must be connected to the wellbore to provide adequate
permeability.
Extensive natural fracture
241. Adsorptive properties that lead to swelling of the coal matrix, especially from ----- make
the coal susceptible to drilling mud and fracturing fluids.
Organic compounds
242. Openhole completions of single seams were the first type of completion used in the ---Warrior basin
243. The openhole completion has ------ advantages
No casing is left to obstruct mining
244. The openhole completion has -------- advantages
The cementing process does no damage to the coal face
245. The openhole completion has ------ advantages
The open hole gives unobstructed access to the coal face from the wellbore.
246. Hydraulic-fracturing technology, developed in the oil and gas industry after --- year
1948
247. Although hydraulic fracturing had been highly developed for conventional gas reservoirs
of
Low-permeability sands
248. The surface of the coal --- chemicals of the fracturing fluid
Adsorbs
249. The coal has an extensive natural network of ---- fractures that open to accept fluid
during hydraulic fracturing
Primary, secondary, and tertiary
250. ---- for coal is much lower than that for conventional rock.
Youngs modulus
251. Excessive fines are generated during fracturing because of the --- nature of the coal.
Friable
252. Fines contribute to --- pressures during fracturing
Elevated
253. Fines are known to deteriorate fracture conductivity with time, possibly packing into ---natural fractures to damage permeability
Secondary and tertiary
254. The ------ of coal has the potential of being damaged from adsorption of ingredients of
the fracturing fluid
Organic surface
255. The organic surface of coal has the potential of being damaged from ---- of the
fracturing fluid
Adsorption of ingredients
256. Adsorption and physical entrapment of polymer molecules in the coal obstructs ---Butt and face cleats
257. CO2, that are strongly adsorbed in the micropores cause swelling of the coal matrix with
attendant ----Permeability reduction
258. CO2, that are ---- in the micropores cause swelling of the coal matrix with attendant
permeability reduction
Strongly adsorbed
259. A higher pressure than ordinary may be necessary to initiate a ---- in coal
Fracture
260. The pressure to initiate the fracture should be approximately --- greater than the
minimum horizontal stress to create a vertical fracture

100 psi
261. Deleterious effects result from leakoff in coals --Loss of fluid limits penetration of the fracture.
262. 261. Deleterious effects result from leakoff in coals --Fracturing efficiency decreases.
263. Deleterious effects result from leakoff in coals --Formation damage likely occurs.
264. Deleterious effects result from leakoff in coals --Screenout probability increases.
265. Permeability of the coalseam depends on the ---- and the connection of the fracture
system to the wellbore
Natural fracture system
266. Permeability of the coalseam depends on the natural fracture system and the connection
of the ----Fracture system to the wellbore
267. The water-soluble HPG polymer is derived from -- by combining it with propylene
oxide
Guar
268. Full form of HPG
Hydroxy Propyl Guar
269. ----- is a strong oxidizer capable of dissolving guar and polyacrylamide, commonly used
products in fracturing
H2O2
270. Molecular formula for Hydrogen Peroxide
H2O2
271. Water production and disposal assume a greater degree of importance in coalbed
methane (CBM) projects than in ----Conventional oil or gas operations
272. Water must be removed from the coal to ---- and to initiate methane desorption
Lower the pressure
273. Inherent moisture or adsorbed moisture is the water in the micropore system that ---capacity of the coal for methane.
Decreases the adsorptive
274. ----- refers to the free water contained in the cleat system having a normal vapor
pressure
Adherent moisture or bulk moisture

275. Production of the adherent water from a single well may begin at a rate as high as --1,500 BWPD
276. ------- is the water in the micropore system that decreases the adsorptive capacity of the
coal for methane
Inherent moisture or adsorbed moisture
277. ----- must be controlled for discharge into surface streams
TDS, oxygen content, and suspended solids
278. The ----- exists in larger concentrations in those formations having meteoric waters
continually replenishing the coalseams.
Bicarbonate ion
279. The bicarbonate ion exists in larger concentrations in those formations having -----continually replenishing the coalseams.
Meteoric waters
280. ----- ion occurs in greater concentration in those more stationary coalbed waters
Chloride
281. The Cl- anion, suggests a ------ in the seams or a lack of permeability that leaves the
waters uncirculated.
Discontinuity
282. The Cl- anion, on the other hand, suggests a discontinuity in the seams or a ------ that
leaves the waters uncirculated.
Lack of permeability
283. Coalbed waters are regulated to specify the following chemical contents and conditions
Dissolved oxygen (DO)
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)
Iron
Manganese
Total dissolved solids (TDS).
288. Techniques are possible to dispose of produced coalbed waters
Well injection
Discharge into surface streams
Land application
Membrane processes
292. Parameters are necessary to develop the surface disposal plan
Water quality of the produced and natural streams
Well start-up schedule
Projected flow history of the well
Natural stream capacities.
296. The profitability of a coalbed methane (CBM) project is highly dependent on factors of
------------Seam thickness, gas content, and permeability
297. Tax credits for fuels from specified unconventional sources were incorporated into the
--------------- of 1980 at a time of high oil prices
Windfall Profit Act (WPT)
298. Factors are necessary to make a CBM property profitable and attractive for investment is
-------------Access to pipelines and Proximity to markets
-----------Ownership certainty and Infrastructure of oilfield services
-------------Local regulations on water disposal impact

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CBM Objective IV - 1

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COAL BED METHANE ENGINEERING

D. High reading are limestone

B. Fines control in open hole completions

B. Instantaneous shut-in pressure

Hydraulic fracturing technology, developed in oil & gas industry after

E. Flow time / ( filtrate volume )^0.5

Na+2 cat ion

The scatter of the data for formations shallower than about .

Removal of the manganese and iron is more straightforward than .. removal.

Oil derived from coal, oil shales or tar sands is

18. CBM remains within the coal bed as in _________phase.

36. Attractive terms offered by the Government

54. Vitrinite is the most ---- maceral of coal

Darcy flow of gas to wellbore.

The radius of investigation is limited to the created water bank

125. The flow of fluids through the cleats is by ----Darcys law

New Exploration Licensing Policy

Naturally occurring radioactive minerals

minimum horizontal stress to create a vertical fracture

Adherent moisture or bulk moisture

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