DEP Fixed Steel Offshore Structures

DEP SPECIFICATION
Copyright Shell Group of Companies. No reproduction or networking permitted without license from Shell. Not for resale
FIXED STEEL OFFSHORE STRUCTURES

(AMENDMENTS/SUPPLEMENTS TO ISO 19902:2007)
DEP 37.19.00.30-Gen.
February 2011
(DEP Circular 31/12 has been incorporated)
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING PRACTICE
DEM1
2011 Shell Group of companies

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, published or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior
written permission of the copyright owner or Shell Global Solutions International BV.
This document has been supplied under license by Shell to:

Sakhalin Energy Investment Company Ltd (SEIC) Maksim.Kolbasov@sakhalinenergy.ru 09/09/2015 06:36:10
DEP 37.19.00.30-Gen.
February 2011
Page 2
PREFACE
DEP (Design and Engineering Practice) publications reflect the views, at the time of publication, of Shell Global Solutions
International B.V. (Shell GSI) and, in some cases, of other Shell Companies.
These views are based on the experience acquired during involvement with the design, construction, operation and
maintenance of processing units and facilities. Where deemed appropriate DEPs are based on, or reference international,
regional, national and industry standards.
The objective is to set the recommended standard for good design and engineering practice to be applied by Shell
companies in oil and gas production, oil refining, gas handling, gasification, chemical processing, or any other such facility,
and thereby to help achieve maximum technical and economic benefit from standardization.
The information set forth in these publications is provided to Shell companies for their consideration and decision to
implement. This is of particular importance where DEPs may not cover every requirement or diversity of condition at each
locality. The system of DEPs is expected to be sufficiently flexible to allow individual Operating Units to adapt the
information set forth in DEPs to their own environment and requirements.
When Contractors or Manufacturers/Suppliers use DEPs, they shall be solely responsible for such use, including the
quality of their work and the attainment of the required design and engineering standards. In particular, for those
requirements not specifically covered, the Principal will typically expect them to follow those design and engineering
practices that will achieve at least the same level of integrity as reflected in the DEPs. If in doubt, the Contractor or
Manufacturer/Supplier shall, without detracting from his own responsibility, consult the Principal.
The right to obtain and to use DEPs is restricted, and is granted by Shell GSI (and in some cases by other Shell
Companies) under a Service Agreement or a License Agreement. This right is granted primarily to Shell companies and
other companies receiving technical advice and services from Shell GSI or another Shell Company. Consequently, three
categories of users of DEPs can be distinguished:
1)
Operating Units having a Service Agreement with Shell GSI or another Shell Company. The use of DEPs by these
Operating Units is subject in all respects to the terms and conditions of the relevant Service Agreement.
2)
Other parties who are authorised to use DEPs subject to appropriate contractual arrangements (whether as part of
a Service Agreement or otherwise).
3)
Contractors/subcontractors and Manufacturers/Suppliers under a contract with users referred to under 1) or 2)

which requires that tenders for projects, materials supplied or - generally - work performed on behalf of the said
users comply with the relevant standards.
Subject to any particular terms and conditions as may be set forth in specific agreements with users, Shell GSI disclaims
any liability of whatsoever nature for any damage (including injury or death) suffered by any company or person
whomsoever as a result of or in connection with the use, application or implementation of any DEP, combination of DEPs
or any part thereof, even if it is wholly or partly caused by negligence on the part of Shell GSI or other Shell Company. The
benefit of this disclaimer shall inure in all respects to Shell GSI and/or any Shell Company, or companies affiliated to these
companies, that may issue DEPs or advise or require the use of DEPs.
Without prejudice to any specific terms in respect of confidentiality under relevant contractual arrangements, DEPs shall
not, without the prior written consent of Shell GSI, be disclosed by users to any company or person whomsoever and the
DEPs shall be used exclusively for the purpose for which they have been provided to the user. They shall be returned after
use, including any copies which shall only be made by users with the express prior written consent of Shell GSI. The
copyright of DEPs vests in Shell Group of companies. Users shall arrange for DEPs to be held in safe custody and Shell
GSI may at any time require information satisfactory to them in order to ascertain how users implement this requirement.
All administrative queries should be directed to the DEP Administrator in Shell GSI.

DEP 37.19.00.30-Gen.
February 2011
Page 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I
1.
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
2.
2.1
2.2
INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS...............................................4

INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................4
SCOPE........................................................................................................................4
DISTRIBUTION, INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS .........4
DEFINITIONS .............................................................................................................4
CROSS-REFERENCES .............................................................................................5
SUMMARY OF CHANGES.........................................................................................5
COMMENTS ON THIS DEP .......................................................................................5
DUAL UNITS...............................................................................................................5
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.....................................................................................5
GENERAL ...................................................................................................................5
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ADOPTED FOR USE...............................................5
PART II
3.
5.
6.
8.
9.
10.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
26.
ANNEX A
ANNEX C
ANNEX D
ANNEX G
AMENDMENTS/SUPPLEMENTS TO ISO 19902:2007 ............................................6

TERMS AND DEFINITIONS .......................................................................................6
ABBREVIATED TERMS .............................................................................................6
OVERALL CONSIDERATIONS..................................................................................6
ACTIONS FOR PRE-SERVICE AND REMOVAL SITUATION ..................................7
ACTIONS FOR IN-PLACE SITUATION .....................................................................9
ACCIDENTAL SITUATIONS.....................................................................................10
STRUCTURAL MODELLING AND ANALYSIS ........................................................10
STRENGTH OF TUBULAR MEMBERS ...................................................................10
STRENGTH OF TUBULAR JOINTS ........................................................................10
STRENGTH AND FATIGUE RESISTANCE OF OTHER STRUCTURAL
COMPONENTS ........................................................................................................11
FATIGUE...................................................................................................................12
FOUNDATION DESIGN ...........................................................................................13
CORROSION CONTROL .........................................................................................18
MATERIALS..............................................................................................................18
WELDING, FABRICATION AND WELD INSPECTION............................................19
QUALITY CONTROL, QUALITY ASSURANCE AND DOCUMENTATION .............20
LOADOUT, TRANSPORTATION AND INSTALLATION..........................................20
IN-SERVICE INSPECTION AND STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY MANAGEMENT .....23
ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING STRUCTURES........................................................23
STANDARD DETAILS ..............................................................................................23
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION AND GUIDANCE .....................................................24
MATERIAL CATEGORY APPROACH .....................................................................29
DESIGN CLASS APPROACH ..................................................................................33
FABRICATION TOLERANCES ................................................................................33
PART III
REFERENCES .........................................................................................................34

DEP 37.19.00.30-Gen.
February 2011
Page 4
PART I INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
1.
INTRODUCTION
1.1
SCOPE
This DEP specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the design of fixed steel
offshore structures for the petroleum and natural gas industries. It also covers issues
relating to planning and construction where these are relevant to design.
This DEP is based on ISO 19902:2007. Part II of this DEP amends, supplements and
replaces various clauses of ISO 19902:2007.
This DEP does not cover design of the topsides structure.
In certain situations (e.g. where extensive good historical performance is known), and if
approved by the Principal, fixed offshore structures may be designed in accordance with
API-WSD instead of ISO 19902:2007 and this DEP.
This DEP contains mandatory requirements to mitigate process safety risks in accordance
with Design Engineering Manual DEM 1 Application of Technical Standards
This is a revision of the DEP of the same number dated January 2010; see (1.5) regarding
the main changes.
1.2
DISTRIBUTION, INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS

Unless otherwise authorised by Shell GSI, the distribution of this DEP is confined to Shell
companies and, where necessary, to Contractors and Manufacturers/Suppliers nominated
by them.
This DEP is intended for use in offshore exploration and production facilities. This DEP may
also be applied in other similar facilities.
When DEPs are applied, a Management of Change (MOC) process should be
implemented; this is of particular importance when existing facilities are to be modified.
If national and/or local regulations exist in which some of the requirements may be more
stringent than in this DEP, the Contractor shall determine by careful scrutiny which of the
requirements are the more stringent and which combination of requirements will be
acceptable with regard to the safety, environmental, economic and legal aspects. In all
cases the Contractor shall inform the Principal of any deviation from the requirements of
this DEP which is considered to be necessary in order to comply with national and/or local
regulations. The Principal may then negotiate with the Authorities concerned, the objective
being to obtain agreement to follow this DEP as closely as possible.
1.3
DEFINITIONS
The Contractor is the party that carries out all or part of the design, engineering,
procurement, construction, commissioning or management of a project or operation of a
facility. The Principal may undertake all or part of the duties of the Contractor.
The Manufacturer/Supplier is the party that manufactures or supplies equipment and
services to perform the duties specified by the Contractor.
The Principal is the party that initiates the project and ultimately pays for its design and
construction. The Principal will generally specify the technical requirements. The Principal
may also include an agent or consultant authorised to act for, and on behalf of, the
Principal.
The lower-case word shall indicates a requirement.
The capitalised term SHALL [PS] indicates a process safety requirement.
The word should indicates a recommendation.

DEP 37.19.00.30-Gen.
February 2011
Page 5
1.4
CROSS-REFERENCES
The clause numbering used in Part II of this DEP corresponds with that used in
ISO 19902:2007. Other documents referenced by this DEP are listed in (Part III).
1.5
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
This is a revision of the DEP of the same number dated January 2010. Content of the
previous version that was background information, explanation and tutorial has been
removed.
1.6
COMMENTS ON THIS DEP

Comments on this DEP may be sent to the Administrator at standards@shell.com, using
the DEP Feedback Form. The DEP Feedback Form can be found on the main page of
DEPs on the Web, available through the Global Technical Standards web portal
http://sww.shell.com/standards and on the main page of the DEPs DVD-ROM.
1.7
DUAL UNITS
Amended per
Circular 31/12
Dual units have been incorporated throughout this DEP.
This DEP contains both the International System (SI) units, as well as the corresponding
US Customary (USC) units, which are given following the SI units in brackets. When
agreed by the Principal, the indicated USC values/units may be used.
2.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
2.1
GENERAL
Part II of this DEP amends, supplements and deletes various clauses/paragraphs of
ISO 19902:2007. Wherever reference is made to ISO 19902, it shall be understood to
mean ISO 19902:2007 as amended/supplemented by this DEP.
For ease of reference, the clause numbering of ISO 19902 has been used throughout
Part II of this DEP. Clauses of ISO 19902 that are not mentioned in this DEP shall remain
applicable as written.
2.2
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ADOPTED FOR USE

ISO 19902:2007 SHALL [PS] be adopted for use with amendments as described in Part II
of this DEP.

DEP 37.19.00.30-Gen.
February 2011
Page 6
PART II AMENDMENTS/SUPPLEMENTS TO ISO 19902:2007
3.
TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

Add new clauses:
3.57
barge
simple floating vessel, normally non-propelled, on which a structure can be transported
3.58
vessel
self-propelled ship-shaped unit, on which a structure can be transported.
5.
ABBREVIATED TERMS
Add:
CoG
centre of gravity
FMEA
failure modes and effects analysis
GRP
glass-reinforced plastic
6.
OVERALL CONSIDERATIONS
6.1
Types of fixed steel offshore structure
6.1.1
General
Add:
All calculations, dimensions and weights shall be in SI units (see DEP 00.00.20.10-Gen.).
6.1
Service and operational considerations
6.3.3.2
Deck elevation
Add:
For a structure with exposure level L1 (manned non-evacuated or high consequence, see
Table 6.6.1) the abnormal water level should have a return period of 10 000 years and
should incorporate the associated storm surge and astronomical tide, in addition to
allowances for water depth uncertainty, seabed penetration and subsidence. For a
structure with exposure level L2 (manned evacuated or unmanned and medium
consequence, see Table 6.6.1) the abnormal water level should have a return period of
1 000 years and should incorporate the associated storm surge and astronomical tide, in
addition to allowances for water depth uncertainty, seabed penetration and subsidence.
Add to last paragraph:
The durability, corrosion protection and fatigue characteristics of such equipment and
support members shall also receive detailed attention in design.
6.6.3
Consequence categories
Add before last paragraph:
A structure with exposure level L1 should achieve a target reliability equivalent to an annual
probability of failure of 3x10-5 / year (ref. ISO 19902:2007 A.9.9.3 and EP 97-5050) This
target reliability can be achieved by using the 100-year return period environmental actions
in conjunction with the action factors given in ISO 19902:2007 Table 9.10.1 and Clause
A.9.9.3. A structure with exposure level L2 should achieve a target reliability equivalent to
an annual probability of failure of 5x10-4 / year (ISO 19902:2007 A.9.9.3 and EP 97-5050.

DEP 37.19.00.30-Gen.
February 2011
Page 7
This target reliability can be achieved by using the 100-year return period environmental
actions in conjunction with the action factors given in ISO 19902:2007 Table A.9.9.2.
8.
ACTIONS FOR PRE-SERVICE AND REMOVAL SITUATION
8.3
Actions associated with lifting
8.3.2
Dynamic effects
Correction change list number j) to b) and list number k) to c).
Replace a) and b) by the following:
a) for lifts in air, performed offshore, in sheltered waters or onshore the DAF is given in
Table 8.3-1.
Table 8.3-1
DAF for a single crane on a vessel
Gross lift weight [kN]
kDAF
Offshore
Lifts in air,
onshore or in
sheltered
waters
Onshore*)
Moving
Static
<1000
1.30
1.15
1.15
1.00
1 000 to 10 000
1.20
1.10
1.10
1.00
10 000 to 25 000
1.15
1.05
1.05
1.00
>25 000
1.10
1.05
1.05
1.00
*) Lifts by land based cranes concern marine operations such as loadouts.
Change c) to b).
8.6
Actions associated with transportation
8.6.3
Determination of actions
Add:
In lieu of a full motion analysis the values given in Table 8.6-1 may be used for design. The
partial action factor for environmental, permanent and variable actions may be taken as
1.20.

DEP 37.19.00.30-Gen.
February 2011
Page 8
Table 8.6-1
Default values of motion responses for standard transportation

analyses
Roll
Pitch
amplitude amplitude
Heave
acceleration
degrees
degrees
m/s2 (ft/s2)
Large vessels
LOA 140 (460) and B 30 (98)
20
10
0.2 g (0.66g)
Medium vessels
LOA 76 (250) and B 23 (75)
20
12.5
0.2 g (0.66g)
LOA <76 (250) or B < 23 (75)
30
15
0.2 g (0.66g)
Large cargo barges
LOA 76 (250) and B 23 (75)
20
12.5
0.2 g (0.66g)
Small cargo barges
LOA <76 (250) or B < 23 (75)
25
15
0.2 g (0.66g)
Small vessels
LOA = Length over all, in metres (feet) and B = Breadth, in metres (feet)
The default motion criteria shown above should be applied in accordance with the following points.
a) The roll and pitch values listed above should be assumed to apply for a 10 s full cycle period of
motion for vessels and barges B 23 m (75 ft). For vessel and barges B < 23 m (75 ft) the roll
period can be smaller.
b) The roll and pitch axes should be assumed to pass through the centre of floatation.
c) The phasing considered should be assumed to combine, as separate load cases, the most
severe combinations of:
roll and heave;
pitch and heave.
d) For inland and sheltered water transportation, the greatest effect of the following cases should
be taken into account:
the static loads caused by an acceleration of 0.1 g applied parallel to the deck in both
directions;
the static inclination caused by the design wind;
the most severe inclination in the one-compartment damage condition.
e) The additional heel or trim caused by the design wind should be considered. For many
transports, however, it is permissible to omit the effects of direct wind action when calculating
the actions on the cargo.
f) The direction of the heave component shall be taken to act along the global vertical axis.
Therefore components of heave actions parallel to the deck should be added to the roll or pitch
loads in the same direction.
Additionally, a maximum allowable angle of heel shall be determined in order to account for
structural design limitations of, for instance, topsides modules and the sea fastening. It is
clearly irrelevant that the structure may be allowed to heel 15 if the integrity of modules or
sea fastening is already compromised at 10.

DEP 37.19.00.30-Gen.
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Page 9
9.
ACTIONS FOR IN-PLACE SITUATION
9.2
Permanent actions (G) and variable actions (Q)
9.2.7
Carry down factors

Add:
The carry down factors for variable actions on open areas may be taken in accordance with
the table below. Normal operating actions shall be taken as 100 % fluid content for all
analyses. Test weights of pipes and vessels shall not be considered in global structure and
foundation design. Test weights do need to be considered in local design.
Area
Local design
Primary topsides
structure design
Global design
(structure and
foundation)
Apply factor
given
Apply factor
given
Apply factor given
Storage areas
1.0
1.0
1.0
Laydown areas
1.0
Lifeboat platforms
1.0
1.0
may be ignored
Area between equipment
1.0
Walkways, staircases and

platforms
1.0
Walkways and staircases for

inspection and repair only
1.0
Roofs, accessible for

inspection and repair only
1.0
1.0
NOTES:
1. The factor f in the table is the minimum of 1.0 and (0.5 + 3/A), , where A is the area over which the
2
variable action acts in m .
Add new clause:

9.2.10
Drill cuttings
A build-up of drill cuttings on the sea floor adjacent to and on top of the lower level plan
bracing may lead to overstressing of members. Where this can occur the lowest plan
bracing level shall be designed for potential build up of cuttings including the effects of
corrosion or, for example, SRB activity. The problem of drill cuttings affecting the platform
installation should also be addressed where template drilling has been carried out prior to
installation of the substructure.
9.5
Extreme quasi-static action caused by waves only (Ewe) or by waves and currents
(Ewce)
9.5.3
Drag and inertia coefficients

Add after last sentence:
A minimum increase of 7 % on the Cd shall be applied to account for anodes, unless a
lower number can be justified by calculations.
9.10.2
Demonstrating sufficient RSR

Add to paragraph at the end:

DEP 37.19.00.30-Gen.
February 2011
Page 10
EP 97-5050 provides guidance on determining the RSR value. The RSR is dependent on
the probability of failure and the local environmental conditions.
10.
ACCIDENTAL SITUATIONS
10.1.6.2 Assesment of structures following damage

Add after last paragraph:
A push-over analysis to confirm the residual strength after damage and to determine any
reduction of the intact RSR is mandatory for L1 structures.
10.2
Vessel collisions
10.2.2
Collision events
Risers and conductors SHALL [PS] be positioned to minimise exposure to accidental
damage. Sufficient clearance SHALL [PS] be provided in the impact zone to alleviate
contact forces from deforming structural elements.
10.3
Dropped objects
Add before first paragraph:
A dropped objects study SHALL [PS] be undertaken to evaluate the impact energy and
potential damage caused by objects dropped, based on crane usage and objects lifted
during rig workover and platform activities. Resistance to dropped objects should be
provided by indirect means, such as using redundant framing patterns and materials with
sufficient ductility and toughness in vulnerable areas.
12.
STRUCTURAL MODELLING AND ANALYSIS
12.4
Analysis requirements
12.4.4.6 Analysis for reserve strength

Correction - the last sentence of b) does not belong to b) and should become a new
paragraph:
b)
where foundation failure occurs before structural failure, structural failure should be
determined by assuming a foundation capacity based on upper bound estimates of soil
properties.
The upper bound approach, b) above, provides an assessment of the steel structure
strength.
13.
STRENGTH OF TUBULAR MEMBERS
13.2
Tubular members subjected to tension, compression, bending, shear or hydrostatic

pressure
13.2.6.2 Hoop buckling

Correction - Equation (13.2-28) should read:
Ch = 0,44 t/D + 0,21 (D/t)3/4
for 0,825 D/t < 1,6 D/t
14.
STRENGTH OF TUBULAR JOINTS
14.2
Design considerations
14.2.5
Detailing practice
(13.2-28)
5th paragraph, replace the first sentence with:

The nominal gap (i.e. excluding weld toes) between adjacent braces, whether in-plane or
out-of-plane, should not be less than 75 mm (3 in). Alternatively the joint gap may be taken
as 50 mm (2 in) between weld toes.

DEP 37.19.00.30-Gen.
February 2011
Page 11
5th paragraph; add the following sentence at the end of the paragraph:
Partially overlapped braces are not allowed in the ship impact zone.
Figure 14.2-4:
Correction - The two requirements for details on the left referring to the lower brace should
read:
d2 and 600;
d2/4 and 150
Add new clause:

14.11
Bolted connections
Bolted connections are permitted, but should only be used for the attachment of
non-primary items where use of bolted connections is either more cost-effective or offers
operational advantages (e.g. post-installed risers) over welded connections.
Particular attention should be paid to the following:
15.
avoidance of corrosion in bolted assemblies;
interaction of bolting material with the CP system (e.g. potential for hydrogen
embrittlement)
methods for tensioning bolts (if required) and clearances for tensioning tools;
avoidance of secondary stresses (e.g. bending due to non-parallel flanges).
STRENGTH AND FATIGUE RESISTANCE OF OTHER STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS

Add new clause:
15.4
Conductors
15.4.1
General
Forced displacements and any consequent actions on the conductor due to the relative
movement between the structure and a drilling jack-up, where applicable, shall be
considered in an Ultimate Limit State (ULS) check.
Deterioration of surface soil strength can result from conductor/casing cementing
operations. Such effects shall be considered in the foundation design of conductors. Details
of top hole construction practice are defined in the DEP supplement to A.15.4.1.
Welded or threaded conductors may be used as foundation piles provided a rigorous
technical analysis of the static strength and fatigue endurance due to driving stresses and
in-situ axial and lateral actions is performed to demonstrate robustness and long-term
integrity.
It is important that at the design stage all expected actions on the conductor are well
defined. In all cases, the conductor shall be able to support its own weight plus the weight
of any equipment to be placed on top of it and/or casings to be hung off it. A partial action
factor of 1.3 shall be applied.
The axial capacity of the conductor shall be calculated using the methods described in
Clause 17 and a partial resistance factor of 1.5 shall be applied to the representative value
of the axial capacity of the conductor. No end bearing on the conductor shall be allowed.
The conductor tip should preferably be located in a cohesive soil rather than in a
non-cohesive soil such as sand or silt.
15.4.2
Conductor guides
The conductor guide stubs and stub support members shall be included in the respective
analysis models. They shall be checked for both extreme and abnormal in-place actions,

DEP 37.19.00.30-Gen.
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Page 12
and for fatigue repetitive actions. In addition to this the conductor guides shall be checked
(manually) for the highest reaction from wave actions and for fatigue endurance.
The top conductor guide shall also be checked for accidental setting of a conductor on the
edge of a guide; this case is an accidental design situation where permanent deformation of
the cone is allowed.
Forced displacements and any consequent actions on the conductor guides due to the
relative movement between the structure and a drilling jack-up, where applicable, shall be
considered in a ULS check.
The minimum clearance between conductor and conductor guide is 25 mm (1 in) on radius.
Conductor guide geometry may be included in the structural model in the following manner:
conductor guide connected to framing by cantilever stub;
conductor guide connected to surrounding framing by vertical plates (8 equi-spaced
around the perimeter);
conductor guide connected to framing by horizontal plate (not preferred).
The following minimum requirements apply to the conductor guide and cantilever stub
design:
the guide shall have a cone at both the top and the bottom of the guide, or a cone
at the top and a ring stiffener at the bottom;
Add new clause:
15.5
Caissons
Causes of caisson failure should be considered in the design of caissons to ensure longterm structural integrity and robustness. Deterioration of the integrity of seawater lift
caissons, which are critical to platform safety, can occur due to a number of factors:
Mechanical abrasion due to the pump string orbiting during operation and/or the
caisson moving against the pump under the action of wave loads and current;
Stray current corrosion as a result of metallic contact between electrical anti-fouling
systems and the caisson wall;
Localised galvanic corrosion due to dissimilar metal reaction either from pump
strainers or the pump column material;
Corrosion fatigue.
16.
FATIGUE
16.4
Performing the global stress analyses
16.4.2
Actions caused by waves

Replace the second sentence of the last paragraph with:
The drag coefficient shall be taken as Cd=0.65 for smooth tubulars and Cd=0.80 for rough
tubulars.
16.8
Determining the long-term stress range distribution by deterministic analysis
16.8.1
General
Correction - the cross-references in the last line of the 2nd paragraph should read:
Guidance on dynamically responding structures is given in 16.4.4 and 16.6.4.

DEP 37.19.00.30-Gen.
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16.10
Geometrical stress ranges
16.10.2.2 Unstiffened tubular joints

Add paragraph at the end:
The fatigue endurance for butt welds with and without thickness transitions shall be
assessed in the following way:
internally flush connection shall be assessed using the S-N curve D for single and
double sided shop welds;
externally flush connections shall be assessed using the S-N curve D for double
sided shop welds and the S-N curve F2 for single sided shop welds;
an SCF shall be applied to the nominal stress using the SCF formulation given in
A.16.10.2.2.6.
17.
FOUNDATION DESIGN
17.3.4
Foundation capacity
Modify the first sentence of a) as follows:
a) Pile strength
The pile strength shall be verified using the steel tubular strength checking equations given
in 13.3 or 13.4 for conditions of combined axial and lateral force and bending.
b) Pile axial resistance
Add after last sentence:
The above pile resistance factors apply for the design of foundations comprising isolated
piles and for groups of closely spaced piles designed to the methods detailed in the ISO
document main text. Where alternative methods are used, further guidance is given in
Reference A.17.4-25.
For pile groups, PE and PO apply to the overall capacity of the group, determined in
accordance with the ISO document. For individual piles within a group, PE and PO may be
taken as 1.0, providing it can be shown that loads can be redistributed to other piles within
the cluster if the individual pile is overloaded.
17.4.1
General
Replace the second paragraph with:
Further to the introductory discussion in 17.1.2, pile capacities are commonly determined
using the simplified calculation model described in 17.4.2; the parameters that are used in
this model are determined in accordance with 17.4.3 to 17.4.5. This simplified model has
been developed and applied in many years of offshore practice and represents the current
industry standard, but the methods given in 17.4.3 to 17.4.5 are based on poor physical
models. The procedures developed by Imperial College (Ref. 1 in Part III) [A.17.4-25] are
based on a more realistic physical model and provide more reliable and accurate design
methods when compared with the available pile load tests. The ICP procedures are the
default pile design method for soil conditions encountered in the North Sea and in regions
with similar soil conditions. The methods described in Clauses 17.4.3 and 17.4.4 may still
be used when the soil data needed for more recent and reliable methods are unavailable
and cannot be economically collected.
The model in 17.4.2 does not provide any information about axial pile displacements which
are important for serviceability requirements, especially in non-extreme conditions for
actions due to permanent, variable and operating environmental actions that are generally
well below the design actions. Axial pile behaviour aimed at meeting service requirements
is referred to as axial pile performance and is discussed in 17.6. Methods for
determining pile performance are described in A.17.6.2 and A.17.6.3.

DEP 37.19.00.30-Gen.
February 2011
Page 14
17.4.3
Skin friction and end bearing in cohesive soils

Replace the first paragraph with:
There are a number of methods for calculating the skin friction and end bearing in cohesive
soils and it is important in layered soils that the shaft friction at any point along the
pile is calculated using a method consistent with that used for shaft friction in sand.
The method described below has been developed and applied over many years and is the
current industry standard. However, caution should be exercised in its application as there
are many more variables which affect pile capacity, apart from those included in the design
equations. This matter is discussed below and in A.17.4.3. The procedure developed by
Imperial College for cohesive soils [A.17.4-25] is the default for the North Sea and regions
with similar soil conditions. Elsewhere, and when the soil data needed for more recent and
reliable methods are unavailable and cannot be economically collected, the unit skin
friction, f, in stress units, at any point along the pile, can be calculated using
Equation (17.4-2):
Add to second paragraph:
For the unit shaft friction derived by methods:
An upper limit of f = 250 kPa (36.3psi) is recommended. Justification of higher values will
require verified supporting evidence;
The equations 17.4-2 to 17.4-4 are applicable for flush tubular piles. If an internal
driving shoe is applied to reduce the driving resistance, the effect of the internal driving
shoe on the ultimate internal skin friction shall be considered;
Replace first sentence of end bearing paragraph with:

For piles with end bearing in cohesive soils, the unit end bearing, q in stress units, shall be
determined consistently with the method used to determine the skin friction, f. The end
bearing, q in stress units, shall be computed for the method using Equation (17.4-5):
Replace first sentence of next paragraph with:
Advice on combining shaft friction and end bearing for the ICP method is given in part V of
[A.17.4-25]. Shaft friction is considered to act only on the external pile surface. The shaft
friction, f, in methods is considered to act on both the inside and outside of the pile.
Replace first sentence of layered soil paragraph with:
For layered soils, advice on the development of shaft friction and end bearing for the ICP
method is given in part V of [A.17.4-25]. The shaft friction values, f, in methods shall be
as given in Equations (17.4.2) to (17.4.4).
17.4.4
Skin friction and end bearing in cohesionless soils

Replace the first paragraph with:
This clause describes a simple method for assessing pile capacity in cohesionless soils, but
it is unreliable. Simplified versions of other, recent and more accurate methods for
predicting pile capacity in cohesionless siliceous soils are presented in A.17.4.4. These
other methods are based on direct correlations of pile unit friction and end bearing data with
Cone Penetration Test (CPT) results.
CPT-based methods are considered to be fundamentally better and have shown
statistically closer predictions of pile load test results than the simple method described in
this clause. The CPT-based methods cover a wider range of cohesionless siliceous soils
and the ICP method also comes with a complementary method for cohesive soils.
However, of the CPT methods, only ICP has established its credentials, having been used
to design the foundations for offshore structures in the North Sea. The full version of the
ICP method, as given in A17,4-25, should be the default method for routine design in
cohesionless siliceous soils and replaces the simple method presented herein and the
simplified methods given in A.17.4.4.

DEP 37.19.00.30-Gen.
February 2011
Page 15
Replace first sentence of second paragraph with:
For tubular piles in cohesionless siliceous soils where no CPT data exists, and it is
uneconomic to obtain it, the unit skin friction at a given depth, f, in stress units, can be
calculated by Equation (17.4-6):
Replace first sentence of fourth paragraph with:
For tubular piles in cohesionless soils, the unit end bearing, q in stress units, shall be
determined consistently with the method used to determine the skin friction, f. Advice on
determining end bearing for the ICP method is given in A17.4-25. Where no suitable in situ
penetrometer data exists, the unit end bearing, q, may be computed using Equation
(17.4-7).
Add to seventh paragraph:
Available data suggest that driven piles in these soils may have substantially lower design
strength than given in Table 17.4-1. Factors of importance for assessment of limiting unit
end bearing and skin friction values are, among others, the degree of cementation, grain
crushability, relative density, compressive strength and carbonate content. Drilled and
grouted piles in calcareous sand have a significantly higher capacity than driven piles. The
characteristics of calcareous sand are highly variable and local experience should dictate
the design parameters and pile type selected.
Amend the ninth paragraph to read:
For layered soils, advice on the development of shaft friction and end bearing for the ICP
method is given in Reference A17.4-25. Where no CPT data exists, skin friction values, f,
in the siliceous cohesionless layers shall be as given in Table 17.4-1. End bearing values
for piles tipped in cohesionless layers with adjacent soft layers should also be taken from
Table 17.4-1, provided that
a) the pile achieves a penetration of two to three diameters or more into the cohesionless
layer, and
b) the tip is approximately three diameters or more above the bottom of the layer to
preclude punch-through.
Where these distances are not achieved, verification of the validity of the tabulated values
should be performed.
17.5
Pile capacity for axial tension

Amend the fifth paragraph to read:
The ultimate pile pullout capacity is less than or equal to, but shall not exceed, Qf, the total
skin friction resistance. In computing the tensile design action on the pile, the weight of the
pile may be considered; the weight of the soil plug shall be ignored: For cohesive soils, f
shall be the same as stated in 17.4.3. For cohesionless soils, f shall be computed
according to 17.4.4. For rock, f shall be the same as stated in 17.4.5.
17.7.2
Axial shear transfer t-z curves

Amend the last paragraph to read:
The value of tres/tmax for clays can range from 0.70 to 1.00. Laboratory, in situ or model pile
tests can provide valuable information for determining values of tres/tmax and zres for various
soils.
17.8
Soil reaction for piles under lateral actions
17.8.2
Representative lateral capacity for soft clay

Correction - Equation (17.8-1) should read:
pr = 3cuD + p0D + JcuX
17.9.2
(17.8-1)
Axial behaviour
Add:

DEP 37.19.00.30-Gen.
February 2011
Page 16
For piles acting in a group the axial bearing capacity of the pile group is considered to be
the lesser of the:
Sum of the capacities of the isolated piles, or
Capacity of the 'equivalent pier', where the pier forms an envelope around all piles.
The axial bearing capacity of the pile group consists of skin friction along the outer
perimeter of the pile group plus end bearing of the pier. Unit skin friction values, f, shall be
calculated for the stress and friction conditions that will exist on the relevant failure
surfaces.
The end bearing capacity of the pier may be calculated using the same equations as for
individual piles. It should be noted that these equations are applicable for small size
footings in uniform soils. In estimating the end bearing capacity of the pile group, the
following shall especially be taken into account :
17.10
size effect of the footing;
allowable displacement;
the presence of weak layers within a distance of 1.5 to 2 times the equivalent pier
diameter from the tip of the foundation.
Pile wall thickness
17.10.5 Stresses during driving

Add to the first paragraph:
The fatigue damage during driving shall be assessed based on the expected blow count.
Stress concentration factors shall be treated in a similar way as for butt welds in structural
members. The fatigue damage design factor (see 16.2.2) shall be based on failure critical
components and the non-inspectable joint category. The fatigue analysis for the pile butt
welds shall be done in accordance with ISO clauses 16.10.2.2 and A.16.10.2.2.6.
Insert the following paragraph after the first paragraph:
The effects of weld beads on a grouted skirt pile shall be assessed based on an
appropriate S-N curve based on weld qualification; the SCF shall be taken as 1.0 in
combination with the ISO E S-N Curve.
17.10.6 Minimum wall thickness
Add to the end:
The maximum D/t ratio at the pile tip shall be limited to 40 to avoid pile tip damage. The
following minimum length of the pile tip section should be:
Pile diameter
Length of pile tip section
< 150 cm (59 in)
150 cm (59 in)
150 cm (59 in)
> one pile diameter
17.10.7 Allowance for underdrive and overdrive

Add:
The possibility of underdrive and overdrive should also be considered when determining the
required length of the piles and when determining the position and extent of shear keys in
grouted pile sleeve connections.

DEP 37.19.00.30-Gen.
February 2011
Page 17
17.10.8 Driving shoe
1st paragraph, replace 1st sentence by:
The purpose of driving shoes is :
1) to reduce the driving stresses at the pile tip when driving into hard
(cemented) layers
or
2)
to reduce internal driving resistance in cohesive soils
2nd paragraph, replace last sentence by:

External shoes should not be used, as they will reduce the skin friction along the length of
the pile above them.
3rd paragraph; add at the end:
A driving shoe shall have a minimum additional wall thickness of 13 mm (1/2 in) and have a
length of at least one diameter.
17.10.9 Driving Head
Add to the end of the sentence:
(e.g. pile lifting tools, hammers, followers, levelling tools, etc.)
Add new clause:

17.12.3 Mudmat design
A gravity load factor of 1.1 shall be used for checking bearing capacity and 0.9 for sliding
and uplift. The unpiled structure shall also be checked for the still water condition using a
gravity load factor of 1.3. The structural design of mudmat components and connections
should normally satisfy the strength and stability requirements in Sections 13 and 14.
However, some relaxations in strength requirements may be permitted (e.g. allowing local
yielding in mudmat components) if it can be shown that bearing and sliding resistances of
the mudmats are not impaired and the components are not required for the long-term
performance of the structure.
Alternative materials to steel, such as aluminium or wood, shall be considered and used if
cost benefits can be shown.
Add new clause:
17.13
Pile spudcan interaction
17.13.1 Spudcan induced pile stresses

As a general rule a clearance of at least one spudcan diameter should be maintained
between the perimeter of the embedded section of the spudcan and the nearest structure
foundation pile. Where this cannot be achieved, the effect of the spudcan actions on the
structures foundation pile stresses shall be evaluated.
Spudcan diameter is defined by the area of contact between the soil and the bottom of the
spudcan.
17.13.2 Effect of jetting during spudcan retrieval
Jetting beneath the spudcans shall not be permitted within a distance of 2 spudcan
diameters of the platform piles during leg penetration. Temporary pumping of water
beneath the spudcans may be performed to break the suction force when retracting the
legs.

DEP 37.19.00.30-Gen.
February 2011
Page 18
Add new clause:
17.14
Suction caissons
The use of suction caissons is permitted, subject to detailed technical analysis of the soilstructure interaction and evaluation of long-term performance.
18.
CORROSION CONTROL
Replace this clause by:
Cathodic protection design shall be in accordance with DEP 30.10.73.10-Gen. and
DEP 37.19.30.30-Gen.
Coating design shall be in accordance with DEP 70.48.11.30-Gen.
19.
MATERIALS
19.6
Cement grout for pile-to-sleeve connections and grouted repairs
19.6.1
Grout materials
Add to first paragraph:
Typical grout types are Oilwell Class B or G, Eucellite B. Alternative grout mixes may be
used subject to approval of the Principal and if supporting test data on their characteristic
compressive strength and other mechanical properties are provided.
Add new clause:
19.7
Other materials
19.7.1
Timber
Where timber is used for structural purposes, for example skid beams, launch runners or
mudmats, a specification should be prepared taking account of locally available timber
types and locally applied standards relating to timber materials. The specification should
detail the strength requirements, the grading and moisture content applicable and should
define requirements for testing and storage of the timber prior to use. Dimensional
tolerances and constraints on timber arrangement should be specified and requirements for
coating, sealing, lubrication and fastening of the timber should be defined. The stiffness of
the timber should be specified if this is important for the design.
Glue laminated beams may be considered for launch runners. The adhesives used should
be suitable for marine applications and the intended orientation of the lamination planes
relative to the applied actions should be defined.
The following list is indicative of the types of hardwood timber that may be used:
-
greenheart;
ekki;
opepe;
iroko.
Hardwood timber shall be specified in accordance with BS 5756, and BS 5268 shall apply
for strength and design criteria.
All hardwood used shall carry a FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) label.
19.7.2
Fibre reinforced composites and glass reinforced plastic (GRP)

Fibre reinforced composites or GRP can be produced with a wide range of properties,
including high strength. A wide range of resin binders and fibres are employed and the
technology is developing rapidly. The cost of high performance composite is generally high
but can be offset by low or zero maintenance costs.

DEP 37.19.00.30-Gen.
February 2011
Page 19
Due to the large variation in material properties there are very few design codes for the use
of these materials and their suitability is usually determined by type testing to meet
performance criteria.
Fibre reinforced composites may be considered for caissons and other structural
applications where a life cycle cost benefit and structural integrity can be demonstrated.
Design criteria for GRP items shall be agreed with the Principal.
19.7.3
Novel materials
Where a new material, not previously employed for a particular function or application, is
considered to be beneficial, it shall be carefully screened, validated and supported by the
provision of material qualification records, certification and test data.
The following is a list of issues that shall be considered:
-
strength, toughness, stiffness, fatigue,

temperatures;
durability
resistance to chemical attack and corrosion;
resistance to environmental exposure: weathering, moisture and ultraviolet (UV);
electrochemical reaction with other materials, including crevice corrosion;
maintenance and inspection requirements;
weight and life cycle costs;
quality control complying with recognized standards.
20.
WELDING, FABRICATION AND WELD INSPECTION
20.2
Welding
20.2.1
Selected generic welding and fabrication standards
and
behaviour
at
elevated
Correction - the list numbering should be corrected as follows:

-
change list number s) to number h);
change s) 9) to h) 1) and s) 10) to h) 2);
change list numbers t) through cc) to i) through r).
20.2.2.4.2
Additional essential variables
Correction - change the list numbers dd), ee) and ff) to b), c) and d), respectively.
Add new clause:
20.5
Closure welds
NOTE: This clause does not apply to brace-to-can welds in point-to-point fabrication.
During fit-up of single-sided closure welds, the quality of the weld preparation shall be
optimized by making appropriate use of pipe end re-rolling and templates. Pup-pieces and
temporary access man-ways should not be generally used to facilitate welding. Welding
processes and techniques (e.g. non-metallic backing strips) which have greater tolerance to
fit-up, may be used for the root pass, subject to the approval of the Principal.
The root finish shall be visually inspected during welding by means of fibrescope or
boroscope techniques and suitable light sources. Access shall be via the remaining
temporary root gap and not through windows purposely cut in the tube wall. For tube wall
thicknesses over 30 mm, interstage inspection of the weld using double-wall single image
radiography and dry MPI may be applied after about one-third of the wall thickness has
been completed. Interstage inspection shall only be carried out where preheat
temperatures can be maintained. Ultrasonic inspection of such single-sided welds shall be
in accordance with EN 1714 and ISO 5817 Quality Level B.

DEP 37.19.00.30-Gen.
February 2011
Page 20
21.
QUALITY CONTROL, QUALITY ASSURANCE AND DOCUMENTATION
21.7
Documentation
21.7.1
General
Add to Table 21.7.1:
21.8
Structural design report
FEM model
Drawing and specifications

Correction - change the list numbers gg) until ll) to b) until g).
22.
LOADOUT, TRANSPORTATION AND INSTALLATION
22.2
Loadout and transportation
22.2.6
Buoyancy and flooding systems
22.2.6.1 General
Add:
For the upending and installation of self-floating and launched steel structures, the following
should be considered:
Intact and damage conditions should take into account the most severe combination
of tolerances on structure weight, CoG, buoyancy, centre of buoyancy and water
density.
A FMEA (failure modes and effects analysis) or similar study should be carried out
on the ballast and buoyancy systems to ensure that no single failure of a component
or system can lead to an unsafe condition either during or after marine operations.
Reserve buoyancy, meaning remaining buoyancy that can be mobilized before
flooding can occur, should not be less than that shown in Table 22.2-1, based on
nominal total intact buoyancy.
The minimum GM (metacentric height) after launch and during upending should not
be less than that shown in Table 22.2-2.
Reserve buoyancy, Br, in percentage of the total available buoyancy, is calculated using the
following equation :
Br=((Bo-Wo)/Bo)*100 %
where
Br is the reserve buoyancy in percentage
Bo is the total available buoyancy of the structure in kN
Wo is the weight in air of the structure in kN.

DEP 37.19.00.30-Gen.
February 2011
Page 21
Table 22.2-1 Recommended reserve buoyancy based on nominal total intact
buoyancy
Case
Structure after launch
During upending by ballasting; without crane
assistance
Intact (%)
Damage (%)
10
Sufficient to maintain required bottom

clearance
The damage case shall be based on accidental flooding of any one buoyant compartment,
for instance due to tearing/breakage of rubber diaphragms on skirt pile sleeves. The extent
of flooding of a compartment should be based on the hydrostatic pressure balance, i.e. it is
not required to fully flood compartments, where vent valves prevent full flooding of a
compartment.
Table 22.2-2 Recommended minimum GM after launch and during upending
Case
Intact, m (ft)
Damage, m (ft)
After launch, transverse and longitudinal
1.0 (3.3)
0.2 (0.66)
During upending, transverse
1.0 (3.3)
0.2 (0.66)
During upending, longitudinal
greater than zero
greater than zero
(see NOTE)
(see NOTE)
1.0 (3.3)
0.2 (0.66)
After upending, before final positioning, both

directions
NOTE: A limited period during upending, when the steel structure is metastable or unstable longitudinally, can be
acceptable, provided the behaviour has been investigated and all interested parties are aware of it.
Practical problems that can be encountered with attending vessels, or rigging and handling lines, should
be resolved.
Documents should be prepared by the Contractor to show the calculations of the minimum
GM after launch and during upending with the top of the steel structure immersed, if
applicable.
As it is not practical to provide either damage stability or reinforcement against collision
over the full range of waterlines, planning and risk assessment should also include:
a clear statement of the draughts, times, durations, and operational sequences when
damage stability is not available, or the reinforcement cannot be carried out; and
a procedure to return to a waterline that is reinforced against collision should the
installation operation be aborted.
22.5
Pile installation
22.5.1
General
Add to the end of the 1st sentence:
without damage or early refusal.
22.5.2
Stabbing guides
Replace stabbing guides by stabbing points
Replace part of the last sentence by:

DEP 37.19.00.30-Gen.
February 2011
Page 22
safely supporting the full weight of the add-on pile section and stabbing loads prior to
welding.
22.5.5
Driveability studies
Amend and add to the last sentence of the 4th paragraph:
, in particular when delays are necessary for welding add-on pile sections or due to
breakdowns, waiting on weather or standby time.
22.5.8
Pile refusal remedial measures

Correction - change list number mm) to b), and list number b) to c).
1) Plug removal, 2nd paragraph
Delete last sentence
2) Soil removal below the pile tip
1st paragraph
Replace first sentence by:
Soil below the pile tip may be removed, either by drilling an undersized hole or by jetting
and possibly airlifting.
2nd Paragraph
Replace sentence by:
Considering the uncertainties with respect to the pile axial capacity, uncemented soils
below the pile tip shall not be removed by any means to reduce the pile driving resistance.
5th paragraph
Delete from last part of this sentence: ..., unless this zone has been grouted.
Delete last sentence
22.5.12 Grouting pile-to-sleeve connections and grouted repairs

Add:
Each sleeve to be grouted shall have primary and secondary grout supplies. Each supply
line shall terminate at a ring manifold offering at least four entry ports into the pile sleeve. A
tertiary grout supply to the sleeve shall be provided for a diver back-up system. The
secondary and tertiary grout supplies may be used to complete grouting a pile sleeve in
cases where the primary supply line has been used to set a 'grout plug'. A grout plug shall
be required to seal the bottom of the sleeve if the inflatable packer system becomes
damaged. Grout monitoring equipment, either permanent or temporary (diver or ROV
manipulated), shall be provided at the top of each sleeve.
Packer inflation lines shall also be provided with a back up inlet to the packer. All lines for
grouting, packer inflation and monitoring shall be clearly marked and shall terminate in
appropriate control manifolds/panels at the top bracing elevation of the fixed structure or
another convenient and easily accessible location.
Flexible hoses may be used for all grout supply lines, if it can be shown that they cannot
sustain damage during installation and that this option is more cost effective than running
hard lines down the structures leg.
22.5.13 Pile installation records
Add in 1st sentence:
Throughout the driving of piles (main piles, skirt piles, docking piles, TLP piles, conductors,
etc.), comprehensive
22.5.14 Use of hydraulic hammers
1st paragraph, add at the end:

DEP 37.19.00.30-Gen.
February 2011
Page 23
This is why it is important to study the free length behaviour of piles during their installation.
For instance how are the piles supported, what loads can the piles support (wind, wave, top
loads such as hammers, etc.). Commonly this is done by performing a pile free-length study
during the design/engineering phase.
2nd paragraph, include in the 1st sentence:
to maintain a fairly low blow count (usually between 8 and 20 blows per 0.25 m [10 in]).
22.6
Installation of conductors
Add after paragraph 5 and before the list:
The procedures described in A.22.6 shall be used as a guide to determine conductor
setting depth with respect to hydraulic fracture of the soil and minimum spacing between
conductors and foundation piles. Either a safety factor of 1.1 should be applied to the
calculated mud or cement density or a suitable allowance should be made for suspended
cuttings load.
A.22.6 gives minimum horizontal centre-to-centre spacing between conductors and piles for
both sand and clay strata. It should be noted that the spacing criterion for sandy soils is
much more severe than for clay soils. Wherever possible, conductor tips should be set in a
clay stratum. Where this is not possible, conductor installation procedures should be
arranged so as to minimize the possibility of wash-out around the conductor tips.
In all cases a minimum vertical separation between conductor setting depth and pile tip of
5 m (16 ft) shall be maintained.
Add to b):
Driving alone is the method least likely to prove detrimental to the capacity of adjacent
conductors or piles. However, where it is not possible to achieve the desired conductor
setting depth using the driving method, a drill-drive solution may be used. With this method,
the soil plug inside the conductor is drilled out and, where necessary, a pilot hole is drilled
ahead of the conductor. A method of predicting driving behaviour during drill-drive
installation is given in A.22.6.
The option of drilling an open hole and placing the conductor inside increases the possibility
of wash-out of the soil and therefore should not be used. This could lead to subsequent
grouting problems and degradation of the soil bearing strength around the foundation piles.
This technique shall not be used where sand formations have to be penetrated.
23.
IN-SERVICE INSPECTION AND STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY MANAGEMENT
23.4
Inspection strategy
23.4.3
Inspection types
Correction - renumber the list under a) to 1), 2) and 3).
23.4.4
Factors to consider in determining strategy

Correction - change the list numbers nn), oo) and pp) to b), c) and d).
24.
ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING STRUCTURES
24.2
Assessment process
Correction - change list number g) 3) to item h).
Add new clause:
26.
STANDARD DETAILS
26.1
General
In the absence of specific standard drawings for a particular operating unit or a particular
project, the minimum requirements in 26.1 to 26.5 are applicable.

DEP 37.19.00.30-Gen.
February 2011
Page 24
26.2
Handrails
Handrail geometry and design shall as a minimum comply with ISO 14122-3 and the
following amendments.
The design action shall be taken as 0.75 kN/m (51.4 lb/ft) for normal handrails and 1.5
kN/m (102.8 lb/ft) for handrails around muster areas and laydown areas. If the handrails
around laydown areas are used to stop swinging loads, the design shall take this into
account.
26.3
Ladders
Ladders shall comply with ISO 14122-1 and ISO 14122-4. Sidestep ladders are the
preferred solution.
26.4
Stairs
Stairs shall as a minimum comply with ISO 14122-1 and ISO 14122-3 and the following
amendments.
The stair angle should normally not exceed 38. The Principal's approval is required for
stairs with an angle between 38 and 45. The stair angle shall be the same throughout a
complete platform. Access stairs to the fixed structure may be single flight stairs. Maximum
step size shall be 220 mm (8-5/8 in) instead of 250 mm (10 in). The minimum width of stairs
shall be 1000 mm (40 in), except for stairs that are part of a main escape route where the
width shall be 1200 mm (48 in) minimum.
26.5
Working platforms and flooring

Working platforms and flooring shall comply with ISO 14122-1 and ISO 14122-2.
26.6
Self closing gates

Gates shall have at least a handrail and a knee rail to the relevant requirements of
ISO 14122-3. A gate shall be self-closing inward from a platform deck.
ANNEX A
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION AND GUIDANCE
A.7
General design requirements
A.7.12
Structural reliability analysis

Replace No guidance is offered with:
Guidance can be found in EP 97-5050.
A.8
Actions for pre-service and removal situations
A.8.3
Actions associated with lifting
A.8.3.3
Effect of tolerances
Add to second bullet:
A possible method to analyze this in a finite element package is to use a temperature
increase on the sling to obtain the required length increase.
A.9
Actions for in-place situations
A.9.4
Extreme quasi-static action due to wind, waves and current (Ee)
A.9.4.5
Vortex induced vibrations

Calculations of VIV due to waves and current should be carried out in accordance with
EP 93-0455, calculations of VIV due to wind should be carried out in accordance with
OTH 92-379.

DEP 37.19.00.30-Gen.
February 2011
Page 25
A.9.8
Equivalent quasi-static action representing dynamic response caused by extreme wave

conditions
A.9.8.3.2 Dynamic analysis methods

Guidance can be found in EP 87-0170 and EP 93-2525.
A.9.9
Factored actions
A.9.9.3.3 Partial action factor, f,E

Add to the end of the last paragraph:
Further guidance can be found in EP 97-5050
A.9.10
Design situations
A.9.10.2 Demonstrating sufficient RSR under environmental actions

Guidance can be found in EP 97-5050
A.10
Accidental situations
A.10.1
General
Add new clause:
A.10.1.6.1
Requirements for damage tolerance
There should be no impairment of performance standards for low energy impacts. Only
minor repairs should be subsequently required. The follow up requirements to demonstrate
short term integrity should be outlined in terms of damage survey and analysis.
A summary of post-impact requirements for various regions are listed in Table A.10.1-1.
This data may be overridden by local or project requirements.
Table A.10.1-1 Damage tolerance criteria
Area
High energy impact
Low energy impact
Southern North
Sea
No progressive collapse in 10 yr
storm condition
No impairment
Northern North
Sea
storm condition
No impairment
Malaysia
storm condition
No impairment
Brunei
TBA
NA
Nigeria
storm condition
No impairment
A.10.2.2 Collision events

Add to last paragraph:
High energy impact velocities in m/s may be taken as half the numerical value of the
significant wave height in metres of operating sea state, with a maximum of 2.0 m/s.
The following table gives the typical vessel weight and speed to be taken into account in
the Shell regions. This data may be overridden by local or project requirements.

DEP 37.19.00.30-Gen.
February 2011
Page 26
Table A.10.2-1 Impact energy requirements
Vessel size
Area
A.10.3
Accidental velocity
Impact energy, broadside, MJ
MT
m/s
ft/s
Low energy
High energy
Southern
North Sea
3000
2.0
6.6
0.50
8.40
Northern
North Sea
5000
2.0
6.6
0.50
14.00
Malaysia
3200
1.25
4.1
0.50
3.50
Brunei
1750
1.00
3.3
NA
1.23
Nigeria
3000
1.00
3.3
0.50
2.10
Dropped objects
Guidance on methods for design against dropped objects is provided in EP 89-0230 and
NORSOK N-004.
A.14
Strength of tubular joints

Add new clause:
A.14.11 Bolted connections

No guidance is offered.
A.15
Strength and fatigue resistance of other structural components

Add new clause:
A.15.4
Conductors
A.15.4.1 General
No comments
A.15.4.2 Conductor guides
No guidance is offered
A.15.5
Caissons
A.16
Fatigue
A.16.3
Description of the long-term wave environment
A.16.3.7 Long-term distribution of individual wave heights

Correction - in the line between Equations (A.16.3-1) and (A.16.3-2), the cumulative
probability should read P(H > H*) instead of p(H > H*).
A.16.10 Geometrical stress ranges
A.16.10.2.2.5
Tubular joints welded from one side

DEP 37.19.00.30-Gen.
February 2011
Page 27
A detailed fatigue analysis of the weld root is only required when weld improvement
techniques are employed or when there is a regulatory requirement for analysing weld root
fatigue.
A.16.10.2.2.6
Tubular thickness transitions.
Add at the end:

The SCF for tubular butt welds with and without thickness transition (see DNV-RP-C203) is
given by the following equations.
Cbw = 1 +
6 tot
1
T
1+
t
2,5
tot = t 0
if there is a thickness transition (see figure below)
tot = m 0
if there is no thickness transition (see figure below)
0 = 0,1t
1,82 L
Dt
1
T
1+
t
2,5
where
Cbw
is the stress concentration factor for butt welds with or without thickness
transition;
is the misalignment;
is the misalignment inherent in the S-N data;
is the thickness of the thicker part (see figure below);
is the thickness of the thinner part (see figure below);
is the length of the thickness transition (see figure below);
is the diameter of the tubular member.

DEP 37.19.00.30-Gen.
February 2011
Page 28
A.16.10.2.3 Internally ring stiffened tubular joints

Add:
Ring stiffened joints made from one side should be assessed using the SCF ratio for the
brace to chord intersection as derived in Reference [A.16.10-19]. The following S-N curves
should be used:
F S-N curve for brace to ring intersection points;
TJ S-N curve for other points at the brace to chord intersection;
D S-N curve for the ring stiffener inner edge.
The fatigue damage design factor should be selected based on the fact that the joint is not
inspectable and that the members connected at the joint are failure critical components.
A.17
Foundation design
A.17.4
Pile capacity for axial compression
A.17.4.4.2.1 General
Amend third paragraph
Since the friction component, Qf, involves numerical integration, results are sensitive to the
depth increment used, particularly for CPT-based methods. As guidance, depth increments
for CPT-based methods should be in the order of 1/50 of the pile length with shorter
increments used close to the pile tip.
Correction - the definition of pa in Equation (A.17.4-4) should read:
pa
is the atmospheric pressure, in stress units, pa = 100 kPa (14.5 psi).
A.17.4.4.2.2 Method 1 a) Friction

In Paragraph 2 replace "larger resistance factors" with "appropriate resistance factors".
Add new clauses:

A.17.13 Pile spudcan interaction
A.17.14 Suction caissons
A.18
Corrosion control
Delete the text of this clause.
A.19
Materials
Add new clause:

DEP 37.19.00.30-Gen.
February 2011
Page 29
A.19.7
Other materials
A.20
Welding, fabrication and weld inspection
A.20.1
General
Clause 20, Clause A.20, Annex B, Annex E, Annex F and Annex G may be substituted by
EEMUA 158 [A.20.2-1] as stand-alone specification for welding, fabrication and weld
inspection specification.
EEMUA 197 or another approved fabrication specification may be used for non-primary
steelwork fabrication.
A.20.2.1. Selected generic welding and fabrication standards

Add before the last paragraph:
EEMUA 158[A.20.2-1] under a) is the preferred standard.
A.22
Loadout, transportation and installation
A.22.6
Installation of conductors
The recommendations of EP 52510 should be used for general guidance.
Calculation of hydrofracture should make use of Ref. 2 and Ref. 3 (Part III).
Prediction of drill-drive installation should make use of Ref. 4 (Part III).
A.23
In-service inspection and structural integrity management

Add after the clause title and before A.23.1:
Additional guidance is provided in DEP 37.19.60.10-Gen.
ANNEX C
C.3
MATERIAL CATEGORY APPROACH
Specific steel selection

Add after the second paragraph:
The steel grades listed in Tables C.2, C.3, C.4, and the steel grades in the added Tables
C.5, C.6 and C.7, may be used if the first natural period of the structure is below
2.5 seconds in areas where:
LAST (lowest anticipated service temperature) is above +10 C (+50 F).
In all other areas, DEP 37.19.10.30-Gen. SHALL [PS] be used for material specification;
material selection SHALL [PS] remain in accordance with ISO 19902:2007 (Material
Category MC1). The tables below are copies of the design class tables from with ISO, with
some minor adjustments (additional grades for CV2 class). However the tables have not
been updated to reflect the higher allowable test temperature based on LAST +10 C
(+50 F). Grades with higher test temperatures (e.g. 10 C [+14 F] for CV2 ISO 40 C (40 F)) may be selected if approved by the Principal.

DEP 37.19.00.30-Gen.
February 2011
Page 30
Table C.5
Correlation of steel group and toughness class for steel plates to

European specifications
Steel
group
Toughness
class
Specification
Grade
MPa
kpsi
NT
EN 10025[D.1]
S275JR /
S235JRG2
275 /
235
39.9 /
34.1
II
NT
EN 10025[D.1]
CV1
S355J0
355
51.5
S355N/M
355
51.5
[D.2]
S355J2G3
355
51.5
Option
5;
PCE0.43,
PP0.025 ;
PS0.025,
longitudinal Charpy 40J
[D.2]
S355K2G3
355
51.5
Option
5;
PCE0.43,
PS0.025, PP0.025
EN 10025
EN 10225
CV2
EN 10225[D.2]
S355G7N/M or
S355G9N/M
355
51.5
Options 6, 12 and 18
CV2Z/ZX
EN 10225[D.2]
S355G8N/M or
S355G10N/M
355
51.5
Options 6, 12, 13 and 18
CV1
EN 10025[D.1]
S420NL/ML
420
60.9
CV2
[D.2]
S420G1Q/G1M
420
60.9
[D.2]
S420G2Q/G2M
420
60.9
Options 6, 9, 12, 13 and 18
[D.2]
S460G1Q/G1M
460
66.7
[D.2]
S460G2Q/G2M
460
66.7
Options 6, 9, 12, 13 and 18
CV2Z/ZX
IV
CV2
CV2Z/ZX
Comment
[D.1]
EN 10225
III
SMYS
EN 10225
EN 10225
EN 10225
EN 10225
CV2
NORSOK M-120
S460G1Q/G1M
modified
500
72.5
CV2Z/ZX
NORSOK M-120
S460G2Q/G2M
modified
500
72.5
Options 6, 9, 12, 13 and 18
[D.3]
[D.3]
For CV2, CV2Z and CV2ZX materials, base material information, documentation and results of weldability tests according to EN
[D.2]
should be established prior to delivery. The documentation of base material should include a strain aging test for group V
10225
steels, typical tensile tests and weldability tests for plates within each of the following thickness ranges, relevant for the order: 25
mm to 40 mm, 40 mm to 63 mm, 63 mm to 100 mm and 100 mm to 150 mm, for both the AW and PWHT conditions. CTOD testing
shall be included for thicknesses above 40 mm and shall meet the requirements of a minimum 0.20 for PWHT and 0.25 mm for AW
conditions.

DEP 37.19.00.30-Gen.
February 2011
Page 31
Table C.6
Correlation of steel group and toughness class for steel sections to

Steel
group
Toughness
class
Specification
Grade
MPa
Kpsi
NT
EN 10025[D.1]
S275JR /
S235JRG2
275 /
235
39.9 /
34.1
II
NT
EN 10225[D.2]
CV1
S355J0
355
51.5
S355N/M
355
51.5
[D.2]
S355J2G3/G4
355
51.5
Option
5;
PCE0.43,
PP0.025 ;
PS0.025,
longitudinal Charpy 40J
[D.2]
S355K2G3/G4
355
51.5
Option
5;
PCE0.43,
PS0.025, PP0.025
EN 10025
EN 10225
CV2Z/ZX
III
S355G11N/M
355
51.5
Options 9 and 18
[D.2]
S355G12N/M
355
51.5
Options 9, 13, 18 and 21,

class 2.1
S420NL/ML
420
60.9
EN 10225
EN 10025[D.1]
CV2
[D.2]
S420G3M
420
60.9
Options 9 and 18
[D.2]
EN 10225
S420G4M
420
60.9

class 2.1
EN 10225[D.2]
S460G3M
460
66.7
Options 9 and 18
[D.2]
S460G4M
460
66.7

class 2.1
CV2
CV2Z/ZX
EN 10225[D.2]
CV1
CV2Z/ZX
IV
Comment
[D.1]
EN 10225
CV2
SMYS
EN 10225
EN 10225
CV2
NORSOK M-120 [D.3]
S460G3M
modified
500
72.5
Options 9 and 18
CV2Z/ZX
NORSOK M-120 [D.3]
S460G4M
modified
500
72.5

class 2.1
[D.2]
should be established prior to delivery. The documentation of base material should include a strain aging test for group V
10225
steels, typical tensile tests and weldability tests for sections within each of the following thickness ranges, relevant for the order: 25
mm to 40 mm, 40 mm to 63 mm, 63 mm to 100 mm and 100 mm to 150 mm, for both the AW and PWHT conditions. CTOD testing
shall be included for thicknesses above 40 mm and shall meet the requirements of a minimum 0.25 mm for AW condition.

DEP 37.19.00.30-Gen.
February 2011
Page 32
Table C.7
Correlation of steel group and toughness class for steel tubulars to

Steel
group
Toughness
class
Specification
NT
EN 10210[D.4]
II
S275J0H /
S235JRH
275 /
235
39.9 /
34.1
Hot finished
EN 10219[D.5]
S275J0H /
S235JRH
275 /
235
39.9 /
34.1
Cold formed
EN 10210[D.4]
S355J0H
355
51.5
Hot finished
[D.5]
S355J2H
355
51.5
Cold formed
[D.2]
S355G1N
355
51.5
Hot finished
S355NH
355
51.5
Hot finished, option 1.4;

PCE0.43
EN 10219
[D.5]
S355MLH
355
51.5
Cold formed, option 1.4,

PS0.025, PP0.025
CV2
EN 10225[D.2]
S355G14
Q/N
355
51.5
Options 6,
PP0.016
CV2Z/ZX
EN 10225[D.2]
S355G15
Q/N
355
51.5
Options 6, 7, 13, 18 and

22; PC0.16
CV1
EN 10219[D.5]
S420MLH
420
60.9
Cold formed,
PS0.015,
Charpy 50J
CV2
EN 10225[D.2]
S420G6Q
modified
420
60.9
Options 6 and 18
CV2Z/ZX
EN 10225[D.2]
S420G6Q
modified
420
60.9
CV2
EN 10225[D.2]
S460G6Q
modified
460
66.7
Options 6 and 18
CV2Z/ZX
EN 10225[D.2]
S460G6Q
modified
460
66.7
CV2
NORSOK M-120 [D.3]
S460G6Q
modified
500
72.5
Options 9, 12 and 18
CV2Z/ZX
NORSOK M-120 [D.3]
S460G6Q
modified
500
72.5
Options 9, 12, 13, 18 and

22
NT
EN 10225
EN 10210[D.4]
Comment
kpsi
CV1
IV
SMYS
MPa
EN 10219
III
Grade
and
18;
PCE0.39,
PP0.025;
[D.2]
should be established prior to delivery. The documentation of base material should include a strain aging test for
10225
group V steels, typical tensile tests and weldability tests for tubulars within each of the following thickness ranges, relevant for
the order: 25 mm to 40 mm, 40 mm to 63 mm, 63 mm to 100 mm and 100 mm to 150 mm, for both the AW and PWHT
conditions. CTOD testing shall be included for thicknesses above 40 mm and shall meet the requirements of a minimum 0.25
mm for AW conditions.

DEP 37.19.00.30-Gen.
February 2011
Page 33
ANNEX D
D.2
DESIGN CLASS APPROACH
Specific steel selection

Add after the second paragraph:
Tables D.4, D.5 and D.6 may be used if the first natural period of the structure is below 2.5
seconds in areas where:
LAST is above +10 C (+50 F).
In all other areas DEP 37.19.10.30-Gen. SHALL [PS] be used for material specification;
material selection SHALL [PS] remain in accordance with ISO 19902:2007.
ANNEX G
FABRICATION TOLERANCES
Add new clause:

G.14
Other tolerances
Tolerances in G.1 to G.13 should be supplemented by tolerances given
EEMUA 158[A.20.2-1] or, if approved by the Principal, another fabrication specification.

in
DEP 37.19.00.30-Gen.
February 2011
Page 34
PART III REFERENCES
In this DEP, reference is made to requirements in following publications:
NOTES:
1. Unless specifically designated by date, the latest edition of each publication shall be used,
together with any amendments/supplements/revisions thereto.
2. The DEPs and most referenced external standards are available to Shell staff on the SWW (Shell
Wide Web) at http://sww.shell.com/standards/.
SHELL STANDARDS
The use of SI quantities and units (endorsement of
ISO 31, ISO 1000 and ISO 80000)
DEP 00.00.20.10-Gen.
Cathodic protection
DEP 30.10.73.10-Gen.
Weldable structural steels for fixed offshore structures

(amendments/supplements to EN 10225 and EN 10025)
DEP 37.19.10.30-Gen.
Design of cathodic protection systems for new fixed offshore

steel structures (amendments/supplements to DNV RP B401)
DEP 37.19.30.30-Gen.
Structural inspection of offshore installations
DEP 37.19.60.10-Gen.
Protective coatings for offshore facilities
DEP 70.48.11.30-Gen.
Conductor design and installation manual for offshore platforms

(formerly published as EP 2314, 1980)
EP 52510
Practice for the analysis and design of marine conductors
EP 87-0160
Practice for the dynamic analysis of fixed offshore platforms for

extreme storm conditions. A review of available methods and
guidelines for their application
EP 87-170
Design guidance for offshore steel structures exposed to accidental

loads, VERITEC
EP 89-0230
Practice for the assessment of vortex-induced vibrations of

structural members
EP 93-0455
Practice for calculation of an extreme inertial load for steel

substructures for fixed offshore platforms
EP 93-2525
Reliability based design and re-assessment of fixed steel platforms
EP 97-5050
AMERICAN STANDARDS
Recommended practice for planning, designing and
constructing fixed offshore platforms Working stress design
API RP 2A-WSD
Issued by:
American Petroleum Institute
Publications and Distribution Section
1220 L Street Northwest
Washington DC 20005
USA
BRITISH STANDARDS
Structural use of timber
BS 5268
Visual grading of hardwood Specification
BS 5756

DEP 37.19.00.30-Gen.
February 2011
Page 35
Issued by:
British Standards Institution
389 Chiswick High Road
London W4 4AL,
UK
Construction specification for fixed offshore structures in the

North Sea
EEMUA 158
Specification for the fabrication of non-primary structural

steelwork for offshore installations
EEMUA 197
Issued by:
Engineering Equipment and Materials Users Association (EEMUA)
10-12 Lovat Lane,
London EC3R 8DN,
UK
A criterion for assessing wind induced crossflow vortex

vibrations in wind sensitive structures
OTH 92-379
Issued by:
The Health and Safety Executive
Rose Court
2 Southwark Bridge
London SE1 9HS
UK
EUROPEAN STANDARDS
Non-destructive examination of welds Ultrasonic examination of
welded joints
EN 1714
Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain

steels
EN 10210
Cold formed welded structural hollow sections of non-alloy and

fine grain steels
EN 10219
Weldable structural steels for fixed offshore structures Technical

delivery conditions
EN 10225
Issued by:
CEN
Rue de Stassart 36
B-1050 Brussels
Belgium
Copies can also be obtained from national standards organizations
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
Welding Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their
alloys (beam welding excluded) Quality levels for imperfections
ISO 5817
Safety of machinery Permanent means of access to machinery,

Part 1: Choice of fixed means of access between two levels
ISO 14122-1

Part 2: Working platforms and walkways
ISO 14122-2

Part 3: Stairs, stepladders and guard-rails
ISO 14122-3

Part 4: Fixed ladders
ISO 14122-4

DEP 37.19.00.30-Gen.
February 2011
Page 36
Petroleum and natural gas industries Fixed steel offshore
structures
ISO 19902:2007
Issued by:
ISO Central Secretariat
1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse
Case postale 56
CH-1211 Genve 20,
Switzerland
Copies can also be obtained from national standards organizations.
NORWEGIAN STANDARDS
Fatigue design of offshore steel structures
DNV-RP-C203
Issued by:
Det Norske Veritas Industri Norge AS
Veritasveien 1
1322 Hvik
Norway
Material data sheets for structural steel
NORSOK M-120
Design of steel structures
NORSOK N-004
Issued by:
Standards Norway (Standard Norge)
P.O. Box 242
NO-1326 Lysaker
Norway
OTHER REFERENCED DOCUMENTS

Ref. 1
Jardine, R., Chow, F., Overy, R., and Standing, J.

(2005) ICP Design Methods for Driven Piles in
Sands and Clays, Imperial College, Thomas
Telford Publishing, London
ICP Design
Ref. 2
Overy, R.F. and Dean, A.R. (1986) "Hydraulic Fracture

Testing of Cohesive Soil"
OTC 5226
Issued by:
Offshore Technology Conference
222 Palisades Creek Drive
Richardson, TX 75080-2040
USA
Ref. 3
Overy, R and Sayer, P (2007) The Use of ICP Design

Methods as a Predictor of Conductor Drill-Drive
Installation, Proceedings of the 6th International OSIG
Conference, September 2007
Issued by:
Society for Underwater Technology
80 Coleman Street
London EC2R 5BJ
UK
Ref. 4
Schotman, G.J.M. and Hospers, B (1992) An Improved

Method for Conductor Setting Depths in Sand, Proc.
Conf. on Behaviour of Offshore Structures, BOSS 1992


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DEP SPECIFICATION

FIXED STEEL OFFSHORE STRUCTURES

DESIGN AND ENGINEERING PRACTICE

2011 Shell Group of companies

This document has been supplied under license by Shell to:

Contractors/subcontractors and Manufacturers/Suppliers under a contract with users referred to under 1) or 2)

This document has been supplied under license by Shell to:

INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL REQUIREMENTS...............................................4

AMENDMENTS/SUPPLEMENTS TO ISO 19902:2007 ............................................6

This document has been supplied under license by Shell to:

DISTRIBUTION, INTENDED USE AND REGULATORY CONSIDERATIONS

This document has been supplied under license by Shell to:

COMMENTS ON THIS DEP

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ADOPTED FOR USE

This document has been supplied under license by Shell to:

TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

failure modes and effects analysis

Types of fixed steel offshore structure

Service and operational considerations

This document has been supplied under license by Shell to:

ACTIONS FOR PRE-SERVICE AND REMOVAL SITUATION

Actions associated with lifting

DAF for a single crane on a vessel

Gross lift weight [kN]

*) Lifts by land based cranes concern marine operations such as loadouts.

Actions associated with transportation

This document has been supplied under license by Shell to:

Default values of motion responses for standard transportation

LOA 140 (460) and B 30 (98)

LOA 76 (250) and B 23 (75)

LOA <76 (250) or B < 23 (75)

Large cargo barges

LOA 76 (250) and B 23 (75)

Small cargo barges

LOA <76 (250) or B < 23 (75)

This document has been supplied under license by Shell to:

ACTIONS FOR IN-PLACE SITUATION

Permanent actions (G) and variable actions (Q)

Carry down factors

Apply factor given

Area between equipment

Walkways, staircases and

Walkways and staircases for

Roofs, accessible for

Add new clause:

Drag and inertia coefficients

Demonstrating sufficient RSR

This document has been supplied under license by Shell to:

10.1.6.2 Assesment of structures following damage

STRUCTURAL MODELLING AND ANALYSIS

12.4.4.6 Analysis for reserve strength

STRENGTH OF TUBULAR MEMBERS

Tubular members subjected to tension, compression, bending, shear or hydrostatic

13.2.6.2 Hoop buckling

for 0,825 D/t < 1,6 D/t

STRENGTH OF TUBULAR JOINTS

5th paragraph, replace the first sentence with:

This document has been supplied under license by Shell to:

Add new clause:

avoidance of corrosion in bolted assemblies;

avoidance of secondary stresses (e.g. bending due to non-parallel flanges).

STRENGTH AND FATIGUE RESISTANCE OF OTHER STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS

This document has been supplied under license by Shell to:

Performing the global stress analyses