Devinwilliams

History120
MS.Simpson
May01,2016
Studyguide
AmistadCase:ThecaseofafricanmenbythenamesofJosephCinqueandotherafricansthat
deceivetherecaptainsellingeastwardtoafricaendinguponthenorthshoreoflongisland.
Wascapturedandrooktoconnecticutandtheafricanswaschargedwithmutiny.theywas
acquittedandorderedtobefreebutthespaniardsandus.governmentappealedthedecisionto
thesupremecourt.
PersonalProperty:slaveholdersgavethemselvesthefreedomtobuyandselltheirslaves
virtuallywithoutrestraint.

EliWhitney:builtthefirstcottonginin1793,hisinventionstimulatedaboomincotton
productionandwiththeaggressiveexpansionofthesouthintothenewcottonlandsinthe
West.

TheDomesticSlaveTrade:ahighlyorganizedinternalslavetradeforcedmanyenslaved
peoplestomigratesouthandwestandtoreslavefamiliesapart.
JohnQuincyAdams:Formerpresidentthatwashiredtoarguetheafricanscasebeforethe
supremecourt,hearguesthatthatinternationallawdidnotrecognizeslavery,heexplained
thatthattheafricanshadrestoredthemselvestotheirnaturalconditionoffreedom.
SlaveCodes:slaverycouldonlyexistinthoseplaceswherepositivelaw,actuallycreated
slavery.
InternationalSlaveTrade:
SugarPlantations:averaged30ormoreworkers,wasinLouisiana,producedthehighestrates
ofsicknessanddeathintheSouth,thecropcycleforsugarwas13monthsormoreoverlapping
anewcropwiththeharvestofanewoneproducingweeksofunbearablyintenselabor.Hadto
beprocessedimmediately.Hadthewealthiestowners.
Gowrie:Aplantationof,265acresoffertilericefieldsspreadacrossalargeislandinthemiddle
oftheSavannahRiver,upstreamfromAugusta,Georgia,andovertheborderfromSouth

Carolina.ThepropertyofCharlesManigault.Wasaharshmuddyhome,accidentswas
common,malariaandsnakebites.noneofthesixinfantsseenadulthoodandby1835onlyhalf
oftheoriginallaborforcewasalive.
TaskSystem:skilledricecultivatorssometimesoperatedunderthis,workerswasassigneda
specifictaskforthedayandwasabletoexercisesomeautonomyovertheirlabor.
ElizabethKeckley:purchasedherfreedomandandfoundedtheContrabandRelief
OrganizationtosupportfreedslavesduringtheCivilWarillustratedcommonpatternsof
dislocation.Workedasaseamstressformouthsofseventeenpersons.
GabrielRebellion:wasaliterateenslavedblacksmithwhoplannedalargeslave

rebellionintheRichmondareainthesummerof1800.
FrederickDouglass:formerslaveborninMarylanddescribetheterrorthatthethreatofbeing
soldSouthstruckintheheartofenslavedAfricanAmericans.HewroteIhavenolanguageto
expressthehighexcitementanddeepanxietywhichwerefeltamongusslavesduringthis
time.AskilledcaulkerontheBaltimoredocks.DenouncedthewarwithMexicoasdisgraceful
andiniquitous,thattheUSconstitutionhascreatedanunholyunionoflibertyandslavery.An
abolitionistandthemostfamousrunawayslaveinAmerica.Theleadingspokesmenforthe
garrisonwingoftheabolitionistmovement.
HarrietJacob:wrotethememoir,IncidentsintheLifeofaSlaveGirl,describingthelimited
choicesavailabletofemaleslaves.Hermasterbeganmakingsexualadvanceswhenshewas
only15,enteredarelationshipwithanotherwhitemeninwhichsheboretwochildren.
TheProgenyOfSlaveWomen:
TheSouthCarolinaNegroSeamenActof1822:specifiedtheimprisonmentofblacksailors
butalsorequiredabondfromtheircaptainstocoverthecostsofincarceration.
AmericanColonizationSociety:abenevolentorganization,asocietythatincludesfounders
AndrewJackson,FrancisScottKey,DanielWebster,andHenryClay)determinedthatbecause
unconquerableprejudiceresultingfromthecolor.AfricanAmericanscouldsucceedonlyin
Africa,whichwasdeclaredtherehome(althoughby1816almostallunitedstatesslaveshad
beenbornintherepublic.
JohnRusswurmandSamuelE.Cornish:declaredinthefirstissueofthefirstindependent
blacknewspaper,Freedom'sJournal.
DavidWalker:amemberoftheassociationpublishedapamphlettitledAnAppealtothe
ColoredCitizensoftheWorld,callingonblackstotakeresistancetoslaveryintotheirown
handsbyarmedinsurrection,ifnecessary.

RobertAlexanderYoung:publicatedTheEthiopianManifesto:IssuedinDefenseofTheBlack
Man'sRightsintheScaleofUniversalFreedom.Arguedforacommontransitionalblack
identity.
MariaStewart:AfreeblackwomeninBoston,urgedAfricanAmericanstotaketheirdestinies
intotheirownhands.Iftheykillus.shesaidofwhiteopponents,weshallbutdie.
NationalNegroConventionMovement:consistentlyframeditsgoalsintheidiomof
:manhood,callingforthespeedyelevationofourselvesandbrethrentothescaleand
standingofmen.
WilliamLloydGarrison:foundedhisownabolitionistnewspaper,Theliberator,inbostonin
1831.,inhisfirstissueheannouncedhisabsoluterejectionofanycompromiseagainstslavery.
iwillnotequivocateIwillnotexcuseIwillnotretreatasingleinchandIwillbeheard.His
approachwasknownasimmediatism.Thebeginningoftheprocesstoextinctionofslavery.
PrudenceCrandall:AprincipalataconnecticutschooladmittedtwoAfricanAmerican
Scholars,afteradmittinganentirelyAfricanAmericanstudentbody,whitecitizenslobbiedfor
lawstobarblackstudentsfromthestate.ThreatenedCrandallandburnedschooltoground.
AmericanAntiSlaverySociety:Sixafricanamericansonitsoriginalboard,dedicateditselfto
theabolitionofslaverywithoutcompensationforownersandtotheadmissionofAfrican
Americanstofullcitizenship.
FugitiveSlaveLawof1793:madeitafederalcrimetoaidanescapingslave,made
kidnappingfreepeopleofcolorinOhiopunishablebyfinesupto2,000andseventotwenty
oneyearsimprisonmentathardlabor.
TheLibertyParty:dedicatedtohaltingslavery'sexpansion.Wantedfreedomtobenational
andslaverymerelylocal.
LucretiaCoffinMott:
QueenoftheWest:
HenryClay:InstrumentalinsecuringtheMissouriCompromiseof1820,triedonelasttimeto
savetheUnion.Hedevisedaseriesofeightresolutionsdesignedtobalancetheconflicting
interestsofNorthandSouth.Hisgoalwastogainenoughsupportfromcentristsineachparty
tooverridebothsouthernfireeatersandnorthernFreesoilers.WrotetheFugitiveSlaveAct.
TheSlaveCharles:
BlackCodes:

WilmotProviso:heaimedtopreservewesternlandsforwhitesettlement.Ipleadthecause
andrightsofthefreewhiteman,wilmotinsisted.CondemnedtheslavetradeinWashington,
DCandalmostabolishedslaveryintheDistrictofColumbia.
JohnCCalhoun:arguedthatcongresshadnorighttointerferewiththepropertyrightsof
slaveholdersintheterritories.
FreeSoilParty:fightingtheexpansionofslavery,andwonderedwhythiscouldnotbecomea
politicalcoalitionagainstslaveryitself.
Compromiseof1850:thefivebillsthatDouglasandhisalliessteeredthroughCongresscame
tobeknownas.
StephenADouglas:asenatortheLittleGiantfromIllinoiswhousedhisadroitparliamentary
skillstorescuethecompromise.Hebroketheomnibuspackageupintofiveseparatebills,each
designedtowindifferentmajorities.Theleadingadvocateofpopularsovereigntyasasolution
tothecrisisoverslaveryinthe1850s.
HarrietBeecherStowe:publishedthegreatantislaverynovelUncleTom'sCabinin1852.She
drewasentimentalportraitofaslavemotherandherinfantchildastheyfladfromamasterwho
hadcontractedtosellthemapart.
FranklinPierce:democratsnominatedhimtobeanorthernerfelttobesympathetictosouthern
interests.
KnowNothingParty:asecretorganizationwhosemembersinsistedthey:knewnothingabout
it.BelievedthatimmigrationwasthegreatestthreattotheirwayoflifevotedfortheAmerican
Party.
TheNewEnglandEmigrantAidCompany:hopingtosecureanantislaveryvictory,sent
settlersopposedtoslavery.Wastooverwhelmkansaswithfreestatesettlerswhocouldout
votetheproslaveryforces,theircampaignfailed.
Lawrence,Kansas:begintobleedwhenJohnBrownlaunchedhisfamousraidonproslavery
settlersinPottawatomieCreek.NamesafterAmosLawrence.
JohnC.Fremont:FirstPresidentcandidatebroughttogetherin1856bytheDemocratic
PartysinNorthinthenewRepublicanParty.

JamesBuchanan:anorthernmanwithsouthernprinciples.Wrote,isUnionorDisunion.1857
wasinaugurateddemocraticpresident.

PresidentialElectionof1856:buchananwonfivenorthernstatesandallbutoneoftheslaves
states,winning45percentofthepopularvoteand174electoralvoters.Fremontsweptupper
NorthOhio,winning114electoralvotes.
DredScottCase:whenJohnEmmersonanarmysurgeonfromMissouri,wasassignedto
FortArmstrong,IllinoisandtookaslavenamedDredScottwithhim.
AbrahamLincoln:forcedduncantoconfronttheissueatFreeport,Illinois.Askedcanpeopleof
aterritorylegallyexcludeslavery.PraisedThomasJeffersonForelevatinghumanrightsover
propertyrights.
BlackRepublican:
JohnBrown:reemergedtolaunchanotherbattleinhiswaragainstslavery,concoctedaplan
toinvadeVirginiaandfreetheslaves.
A.T.Stewart:
JamesHammond:
LittleGiant:
MillardFillmore:
StatesRights:therightofthestatestomaintainslaveryandindividualstoholdpropertyin
slaves.
Cooperationists:loyaltyrequiredthefederalgovernmenttomeetcertaindemandsforthe
protectionofslavery.
CrittendenCompromise:representedawholesalerepudiationofeverythingtheRepublican
Partystoodfor.Thecompromisewouldmakeslaveryratherthanfreedomnational.
GeneralP.G.T.Beauregard:topreparedefenseagainsttheimpendingUnioninvasion.
Contraband:runawaysofwar,andthelabelstuck.
AnacondaPlan:isthenameappliedtoanoutlinestrategyforsuppressingthe

ConfederacyatthebeginningoftheAmericanCivilWar.ProposedbyGeneralin
ChiefWinfieldScott,theplanemphasizedtheblockadeoftheSouthernports,
andcalledforanadvancedowntheMississippiRivertocuttheSouthintwo.
JeffersonDavis:Confederatepresidentjustifiedsecessiononthegroundsthatnorthern
Republicanrulewouldmakepropertyinslavessoinsecureastobecomparativelyworthless.