Masonic lodge ocers

This article relates to mainstream Craft Freemasonry, 2

sometimes known as Blue Lodge Freemasonry. Every
Masonic Lodge elects or appoints Masonic Lodge Ofcers to execute the necessary functions of the lodges
life and work. The precise list of such oces may vary 2.1
between the jurisdictions of dierent Grand Lodges, although certain factors are common to all, and others are
usual in most.

Oces common to all Masonic

jurisdictions
Worshipful Master

All of the lodges in a given nation, state, or region are

united under the authority of a Grand Lodge sovereign to
its own jurisdiction. Most of the lodge oces listed below have equivalent oces in the Grand Lodge, but with
the addition of the word Grand somewhere in the title. For example, every lodge has an ocer called the
Junior Warden, whilst the Grand Lodge has a Grand
Junior Warden (sometimes Junior Grand Warden). A
very small number of oces may exist only at the Grand Jewel of the Worshipful Master
Lodge level such oces are included at the end of this
The senior ocer of a Masonic Lodge is the Master, norarticle.
mally addressed and referred to as the Worshipful MasThere are few universal rules common to all Grand Lodge
ter (in Scotland, and in Lodges under the Scottish Conjurisdictions of Freemasonry (see Masonic Landmarks
stitution, the "Right Worshipful Master). The Worshipfor accepted universal principles of regular Freemaful Master sits in the East of the lodge room, chairs all
sonry). However, the structure of the progressive ofof the business of his lodge, and is vested with considces is very nearly universal. While the precise hierarchy
erable powers without further reference to the members.
or order of various ocers within the line of ocers
He also presides over ritual and ceremonies.
may vary, the usual progression is for a lodge ocer to
spend either one or two years in each position, advanc- The oce of Worshipful Master is the highest honor to
ing through the chairs, until he is elected as Worshipful which a lodge may appoint any of its members. The oce
Master. In addition, there are some oces that are tradi- is lled annually by election, often by secret ballot. The
tionally not considered to be part of the line, and which requirements as to who is eligible for election as Master
may be held by the same brother for many years, or may vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, but the majority of
jurisdictions specify that a brother must have served as an
be reserved for Past Masters.
installed Warden to qualify. In practice, most lodges will
nominate and elect the previous years Senior Warden in
an uncontested election.

The honoric Worshipful does not suggest that the Master

is worshiped, but is used in its original meaning, worthy
of respect. (Mayors and magistrates in parts of England are also traditionally called Worshipful or Your
Worship, as are certain bodies such as livery companies).
Analogues are used in other languages.

Progressive oce

At the conclusion of his limited term of oce, a Worshipful Master is termed a Past Master. The duties and
privileges of Past Masters vary from lodge to lodge and
jurisdiction to jurisdiction. For example, in some jurisdictions Past Masters become life members of the Grand
Lodge, while in others they are not. In most jurisdictions, a Past Master retains the honoric Worshipful (as
in Worshipful Brother Smith), however there are a few

Progressive oce refers to a series of oces within the

lodge, culminating in the oce of Worshipful Master.
Ideally, a mason starts at the most junior oce and progresses to the next in line each year. The exact composition of the progressive ocers varies slightly by jurisdiction, but will typically nish with the series: Junior
Deacon, Senior Deacon, Junior Warden, Senior Warden,
Worshipful Master.[1][2]
1

2 OFFICES COMMON TO ALL MASONIC JURISDICTIONS

tutions, if the Worshipful Master is absent then the Senior
Warden presides at meetings as acting Master, and may
act for the Master in all matters of lodge business. Under
other constitutions, only sitting Masters or Past Masters
may preside as acting Master, and so the Senior Warden
cannot fulll this role unless he is also a Past Master. In
many lodges it is presumed that the Senior Warden will
become the next Worshipful Master. In some jurisdictions, the position is an elected oce, while in others it
is appointed by the Master.

2.3 Junior Warden

The third of the principal ocers is the Junior Warden
(or Second Warden). The Junior Warden is charged with
the supervision of the Lodge while it is at refreshment
(in recess for meals or other social purposes). In some juJewel of a Past Master
risdictions the Junior Warden has a particular responsibility for ensuring that visiting Masons are in possession of
the necessary credentials. In others, this is the job of the
where this honoric is used exclusively for sitting Mas- Tyler. In some jurisdictions the Junior Warden presides
ters.
if both the Master and the Senior Warden are absent. In
The corresponding grand rank is Grand Master. The some jurisdictions, the position is an elected oce, while
Grand Master may preside over his Grand Lodge, and in others it is appointed by the Master.
also has certain powers and rights in every lodge under The Wardens are regular ocers of the Lodge, meaning
his jurisdiction. Grand Masters are usually addressed that the positions must be lled.
as Most Worshipful, or as in Pennsylvania, Right
Worshipful.[3]

2.4 Treasurer
2.2

Senior Warden

The role of the Treasurer is to keep the accounts, collect

annual dues from the members, pay bills, and forward
annual dues to the Grand Lodge.
The annual presentation of accounts is an important measure of the lodges continuing viability, whilst the ecient collection of annual subscriptions is vitally important, as any lapse in payment (deliberate or unintentional)
can lead to a member losing voting rights, being denied
the opportunity to visit other lodges, and nally even being debarred or excluded from his own lodge.
It is common for the Treasurer to be an experienced Past
Master, but this is not required.

2.5 Secretary

Jewel of the Senior Warden

The Senior Warden (sometimes known as First Warden)

is the second of the three principal ocers of a lodge,
and is the Masters principal deputy. Under some consti-

Secretary

2.7

Stewards

3
the inside of the main door of the lodge and ensuring
that the lodge is tyled (in other jurisdictions this duty is
given to the Inner Guard or Inside Sentinel or Pursuivant).
In Continental Freemasonry the Deacons are entirely
absent, their functions being shared between the Inner
Guard and the Wardens.[4]

Assistant Secretary
Jewels of Masonic Secretary
The Secretarys ocial duties include issuing the summons (a formal notice of an impending meeting, with
time, date and agenda), recording meeting minutes, completing statistical returns to the Grand Lodge, and advising the Worshipful Master on matters of procedure.
Many individual lodge bylaws add to these duties by mandating, for example, that the Secretary serve on specic
committees. Although any member may hold the oce
of Secretary, it is typically held by an experienced Past
Master. It is not unusual for the oce of Secretary to be
held by the same member for long periods of time, even
decades.

2.6

Deacons

The jewel of the deacons in some jurisdictions is denoted

by a Dove or by Mercury, the winged messenger, indicating their duty in the Lodge.[5]

2.7 Stewards
Stewards fulll a number of junior assistant roles. There
is considerable variance, even within the same jurisdiction, as to the precise roles played by Stewards. Some of
their common duties could include the following:
Stewards are often tasked with an understudy role
to ll the position of the Senior Deacon or Junior
Deacon, in their absence.
When a degree ceremony is performed, one or more
Steward(s) may be required to assist the two Deacons in conducting the candidates around the temple.
Stewards have a traditional role in many jurisdictions of serving wine at any meal after the lodge
meeting, often extended to a general supervision and
planning of catering and refreshments.

Senior Deacon

Junior Deacon
Jewels of Masonic Deacons
A Deacon is a junior ocer in the lodge. In most jurisdictions, a lodge has two Deacons, styled Senior Deacon and
Junior Deacon (though First Deacon and Second Deacon
are sometimes encountered as an alternative.)
The principal duties of the Senior Deacon are to conduct
candidates around the Lodge and speak for them during
certain ceremonies, to attend the Worshipful Master as
needed and to carry his messages to the Senior Warden.
The oce and duties of Junior Deacon are similar in
many respects to that of Senior Deacon, to attend the Senior Warden, and carry messages to the Junior Warden.
In some jurisdictions he is also responsible for guarding

Some jurisdictions specify that each lodge has two Stewards, known as the 'Senior Steward' and 'Junior Steward'.
In others the Worshipful Master may appoint any number of Stewards, according to the size and requirements
of his lodge, and in this respect the oce is unique.
Although newer members usually ll the oce of Steward, in some lodges it is traditional for a Past Master to
be appointed to supervise the stewards work. The oce
may serve to dignify a useful member of the Lodge, such
as a webmaster or wine buyer, or to establish precedence
in the rotation of ocers.
In a Grand Lodge, the Grand Stewards are typically
promising junior members, who may subsequently expect accelerated promotion as Grand Ocers. In United
Grand Lodge of England nineteen lodges hold the right to
nominate a Grand Steward each year, and as Grand Stewards wear distinctive red aprons, these lodge are known
as 'red apron lodges. Typically these lodges nominate
their current Worshipful Master and can therefore be relatively junior through to extremely senior members. The
importance of the rights to nominate Grand Stewards and
their duties go back to the rst formation of the Premier
Grand Lodge,[6] when the Oce carried onerous nancial liabilities. Grand Stewards of United Grand Lodge
of England are still expected to organise and subsidise

3 OFFICERS FOUND IN SOME JURISDICTIONS AND NOT IN OTHERS

the Grand Festival, which is held each year directly after the tradition is for the immediate Past Master to act as
the Annual Investiture.
Chaplain.

2.8

Tyler

3.3 Director of Ceremonies / Ritualist /

Ritual Director

Main article at Tyler (Masonic).

The 'Tyler' (sometimes spelled 'Tiler')[7] is sometimes
known as the 'Outer Guard' of the lodge. His duty is to
guard the door (from the outside), with a drawn sword,
and ensure that only those who are duly qualied manage to gain entry into the lodge meeting. In some jurisdictions, he also prepares candidates for their admission. The Tyler is traditionally responsible for preparing
the lodge room before the meeting, and for storing and
maintaining the regalia after the meeting.

The title 'Director of Ceremonies is used in the United

Grand Lodge of England and its subordinate lodges, as
well as in many other jurisdictions. However, other titles
found in other jurisdictions include 'Lecturer' and 'Ritualist'.

Whatever the title, this ocer is responsible for the

smooth owing of ceremonial and ritual and may hold
rehearsals. He may be responsible for prompting other
ocers who forget their lines. In some jurisdictions, he
directs proceedings during the installation of a new WorIn some Jurisdictions the Tyler is a Past Master of the shipful Master. He is also responsible for forming procesLodge while in others he may be an employed brother sions and introducing visitors, except in those jurisdictions which appoint a 'Marshal' for these latter purposes
from another lodge.
(see below).

Ocers found in some jurisdictions and not in others

The Grand Lodge of New York has developed the position of Lodge Ritual Director to facilitate this role and to
ensure the smooth owing of ceremonial and ritual and
may hold rehearsals. He may be responsible for prompting other ocers who forget their lines.

There are many ocers that are found in some jurisdictions and not in others. Depending on the jurisdiction,
some are progressive others are not. The more com- 3.4 Marshal
mon ones include:
The oce of 'Marshal' is quite common in the United
States, but not in other countries. In some jurisdictions
3.1 Inner Guard or Inside Sentinel
where it is found, the title is simply an alternative for 'Director of Ceremonies (see above).
The oce of 'Inner Guard' (or Inside Sentinel) is mandaHowever, there are jurisdictions in which the oce is distory in UK lodges, but rare in American lodges. This potinct from any other, in which cases the duties of the ofsition is commonly assigned to a fairly junior member, as
ce revolve around the organisation of processions and
it provides a good opportunity for him to meet members
ensuring the correct precedence and etiquette in formal
and observe and learn ceremonies, and is at the beginning
proceedings, including the introduction of visitors to the
of the progressive oces leading to the Chair.
lodge. This is distinct (in such jurisdictions) from the role
The task of guarding the door is shared with the 'Tyler' of the Director of Ceremonies in supervising the ritual of
(see above). The Inner Guard is on the inside of the door, the lodges degree ceremonies.
and in some jurisdictions is armed with a poignard, or
short dagger. In those jurisdictions which do not appoint
an Inner Guard (and even in some that do), this duty is 3.5 Masters of Ceremony
given to the Junior Deacon (see above).
The oces of 'Senior and Junior Masters of Ceremony'
appear in some jurisdictions. Their primary duty is to
prepare the candidates prior to each of the three degrees
3.2 Chaplain
and conduct the candidates during the degree conferrals.
In most Masonic jurisdictions, each lodge will have a They also maintain order during special circumstances at
'Chaplain'. The principal duty of the Chaplain is to lead the discretion of the Worshipful Master. In some jurisprayer before and after the lodge meeting, and to say dictions, the Masters of Ceremony are responsible for angrace while the lodge is at dinner. In many lodges this swering alarms at the preparing room, examination room
position is lled by a clergyman (an ordained minister, or outer doors. In the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
priest, rabbi, imam, etc.) who is a brother of the lodge. the Senior Master of Ceremony is responsible for openHowever, it is not required that the Chaplain be a clergy- ing & closing the holy bible at the opening & closing of
man, as prayers are non-denominational. In some lodges the Lodge.

4.1

3.6

Orator

Almoner

The 'Almoner' (sometimes called the 'Caring Ocer')

is responsible for the well-being of lodge members and
their families. He remains in contact with members who
are unwell, and also maintains a discreet presence in the
lives of widows of former members, so that the lodge may
readily assist them should they nd themselves in any particular need.

4.1 Orator
In some jurisdictions there is a strong tradition of Masonic research and education, and the presentation of papers by members is as common as degree ceremonies or
other business. In such cases the 'Orator' may present papers, or be responsible for their presentation by others.
The Orator may also be called upon to present a paper to
celebrate milestones in the life of the lodge.

In some European jurisdictions (e.g. Germany, Austria,

France) the Orator ('Redner', i.e. speaker) is a kind of
legal advisor, he is responsible for upholding the Constitution and By-Laws and prosecutor in masonic disciplinary proceedings. His ranking is right behind the WorIn some jurisdictions, these duties are handled by a comshipful Master and his deputy. His jewel is the statute
mittee (under various titles).
book.[9] This kind of oce is originating in the 'Parlierer'
of medieval operative stone masons. [10] [11] They did
elect the 'Parlierer' from among the senior fellows as their
3.7 Organist / Director of Music
representative whereas the Master was appointed by the
building owner. [12] The Parlierer acted as a deputy to
The 'Organist' or 'Director of Music' provides musical ac- the Master.
companiment to lodge proceedings, although there is no
set form. Many lodge rooms are equipped with a pipe The term Grand Orator refers to a similar oce within
organ or electronic organ, and in others, there is provi- Grand Lodges.
sion for a wider range of instruments. In other places the Director of Music operates recorded or digital music systems, such as at the Grand Lodge of Austria in Vienna.
Of necessity the Almoner must be well versed in local and
national Masonic charities and the scope of their charitable work, so as to oer advice to those who might qualify
for such assistance.

4.2 Historian / Librarian

3.8

Superintendent of Works

The Superintendent of Works keeps the inventory, and is

responsible for the material possessions of the lodge. It is
his responsibility to see that the lodge is properly set out
before the ceremony, and that everything is safely locked
away at the end of the evening.

3.9

Immediate Past Master

While the Immediate Past Master (the last brother to hold

the oce of Worshipful Master) is not formally an ocer of the lodge, in certain jurisdictions he has his own
duties. In the United Grand Lodge of England, he has a
ceremonial role in the opening and closing of the lodge,
and is expected to deputise for the Worshipful Master in
the event of his absence or death.[8]

Most lodges have a senior member who holds a particular

interest in the lodges history. In some jurisdictions, this
interest may lead to appointment to formal oce as the
lodges 'Historian'. The oce involves the archiving of
documents and artifacts, and the publishing and updating
of historical information. In some jurisdictions a 'Librarian' procures Masonic reading material for Members of
the Lodge and maintains a small Library where books and
magazines may be borrowed.

Additional (less common) Oces

There are certain oces which exist only in particular

lodges, or only in the lodges of one particular jurisdiction. As far as possible, the following list seeks to record
all such oces that are either reasonably widespread, or
else have been made notable by some other means, such
as being held by famous people.

4.3 Charity Steward

All lodges are charged with maintaining an appropriate
level of charitable giving to good causes. In some jurisdictions the oce of 'Charity Steward' exists. He is
responsible for encouraging the members to give generously, as well as leading discussions about the appropriate
recipients of the lodges charitable donations.

4.4 Poet Laureate

This rare oce was rst created by the 'Lodge Canongate Kilwinning' No 2 in Edinburgh.[13] In 1787 the lodge
appointed Robert Burns as 'Poet Laureate', an investiture later immortalised in a painting by Stewart Watson,
the original of which hangs in the Grand Lodge of Scotland building in Edinburgh. The painting incorporates
a certain amount of artistic license, which may possibly

extend to the presence of Burns himself, for although

he was certainly a member of the Lodge, it is not clear
that he was present at the meeting at which he was appointed Poet Laureate. In 1843, David Wardlaw Scott is
recorded as the Poet Laureate of the St. Davids Lodge
of Edinburgh.[14] In 1884, Rob Morris was crowned 'the
poet Laureate of Freemasonry' in New York.[13] In 1905,
the oce of Poet Laureate in the Canongate Kilwinning
No 2 lodge was awarded to Rudyard Kipling, who was
made an honorary member for that purpose.

4.5

Pursuivant

REFERENCES

in the early twentieth century, the role was more directed

towards external relations. By the late twentieth century
it appears that it had become customary for the oce to
be awarded to the longest serving member of the Lodge.

5.3 Grand Registrar

In some jurisdictions a 'Grand Registrar' is appointed to
be the principal legal ocer of a Grand Lodge. The role
is generally held by a qualied lawyer or judge. In other
jurisdictions, there is no ocial title given to the holders
of these duties.

While more commonly seen at the Grand Lodge level, in

some jurisdictions Lodges may also appoint a Pursuivant. 5.4 Grand Superintendent of Works
He is often responsible for answering alarms at the outer
When this oce exists, the 'Grand Superintendent of
door of the Lodge, in place of another ocer.
Works is a Grand Lodge ocer responsible for the
Grand Lodge building, and as such, the oce is usually
awarded to a qualied architect or builder. Responsibility
5 Oces generally found only at for individual Lodge buildings usually falls to a committee.
Grand Lodge level
The oces in a Grand Lodge are generally derived from
the corresponding oces in its subordinate lodges. However, there are certain oces that must necessarily be
lled in Grand Lodges, but have no private lodge equivalent. These are outlined below.

5.5 Grand Sword Bearer

5.1

5.6 Grand Standard Bearer or Grand

Banner Bearer

Deputy Grand Master

Many Grand Masters are preceded in formal processions

by a ceremonial sword. In such cases a 'Grand Sword
Bearer' is appointed to carry the sword.

In some jurisdictions, a Deputy Grand Master serves as

the Grand Masters assistant, and is given the authority to Many Grand Masters or Grand Lodges have an ocial
act in the Grand Masters name in his absence.
standard which is carried behind the Grand Master in forIn England, under the jurisdiction of the United Grand mal processions. In such cases a 'Grand Standard Bearer'
Lodge of England, should the Grand Master be a mem- or 'Grand Banner Bearer' is appointed.
ber of the Royal family, a Pro Grand Master is elected to
ociate as Grand Master in his absence on Royal duties.

5.7 Grand Pursuivant

5.2

Grand Chancellor

The Grand Chancellor is responsible for external relations

and formal interaction with the Grand Lodges of other jurisdictions. The United Grand Lodge of England changed
its constitution in 2007 to allow for the appointment of a
Grand Chancellor for the rst time. Only a few jurisdictions have Grand Chancellors. In most jurisdictions, the
Grand Secretary fullls these duties.
Lodge of Antiquity No.2 and Royal Somerset House and
Inverness Lodge No.IV, in England, are rare examples of
lodges that appoint a Chancellor as one of their ocers.
In Antiquity it tends to be the senior active member of
the lodge. In No.IV it appears that when the oce was
created in the nineteenth century it was intended to be
similar to the role of Chaplain.[15] However, when revived

It is the Grand Pursuivants duty to announce all applicants for admission into the Grand Lodge by their names
and Masonic titles; to take charge of the jewels and regalia of the Grand Lodge; to attend all communications
of the Grand Lodge, and to perform such other duties as
may be required by the Grand Master or presiding ocer.

6 See also
Swedish Rite has somewhat dierent oces.

7 References
[1] Lodge Ocer Duties

[2] Freemasonry for dummies

[3] http://www.pagrandlodge.org/gmaster/lodgeofficers.
html
[4] Constitution of the Grand Masonic Orient of Ireland
[5] http://www.ugle.org.uk/about/book-of-constitutions
UGLE Book of Constitutions, 2012, p. 177, plate 39
[6] http://www.grandstewards.org/History.aspx Grand Stewards Lodge history
[7] Masonicdictionary.com
[8] UGLE Constitutions, Rule 104(f), 119(b)
[9] http://www.masonic-regalia-online.com/
Masonic-Officer{}s-jewel-Orator-2.p=
20070330130392| jewel
[10] G. Schuster, Die geheimen Gesellschaften, Verbindungen
und Orden, 1st vol., Sarastro Verlag, Paderborn, 2012, p.
408
[11] J.G. Findel, Geschichte der Freimaurerei, 4th edn., Verlag
J.G.Findel, Leipzig, 1878, p. 70
[12] O. Kaemmel, Deutsche Geschichte: Erster Teil: von
der Urzeit bis zum Westflischen Frieden, 3rd ed., Otto
Spamer , Leipzig , 1911, p. 629
[13] Stearns Theiss, Nancy (2015). A Place in the Lodge:
Dr. Rob Morris, Freemasonry and the Order of the
Eastern Star. Dog Ear Publishing. p. 128. ISBN
9781457539176.
[14] Masonic Intelligence. The Freemasons Quarterly. 31
March 1843. Retrieved 3 December 2015.
[15] A W Oxford, 'An introduction to the history of the
Royal Somerset House & Inverness Lodge', published by
Bernard Quaritch Ltd, 1928, page 245.

External links
www.youtube.com video: The start of the Lodge
Consecration Ceremony - Re-enactment of the Reconsecration of North Australia Lodge. 150 year
Celebration. Excerpt from In The Dark (Working
Title) documentary on modern freemasonry. The
Grand Director Of Ceremonies prepares the table.

Jewel of the Treasurer

Jewel of the Stewards

EXTERNAL LINKS

Jewel of the Chaplain

Jewel of the Master of Ceremonies

Jewel of the Marshall

Jewel of the Organist

10

Jewel of the Orator

Jewel of the Historian

EXTERNAL LINKS

11

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

9.1

Text

Masonic lodge ocers Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masonic_lodge_officers?oldid=737738911 Contributors: Michael Hardy,

JASpencer, IceKarma, Necrothesp, PhilD86, WegianWarrior, Docboat, Hackloon, Alexmb, Zef, Banaticus, GLaDOS, Bachrach44, Stijn
Calle, MSJapan, Wknight94, Jezzabr, SmackBot, Hongooi, PeRshGo, Riggwelter, Blueboar, BesselDekker, Bn, Esrever, Hotspur23, Lottamiata, Nuttyskin, The Letter J, CmdrObot, FlyingToaster, Cydebot, Chrislk02, Surturz, Headbomb, Lleachii, Zelator, Timothy Titus, Maurice Carbonaro, Kennonv, John Carter, Maxim, RiverStyx23, RareedDeer, Ttony21, Jack1956, Baldricks Mum, Blanchardb,
Peace Makes Plenty, Duncan, Addbot, Miskaton, EricCable, Tide rolls, Ettrig, MileyDavidA, Yobot, Narra Mine, Eyespeakthetruth,
Omnipaedista, FrescoBot, LucienBOT, Ben2282, George2621, TemplarSeth, BG19bot, Fiddlersmouth, Bengsig, Totefos, SaidJones1,
Cguest1287, Chicbyaccident, Jackmcbarn, NormanAEllis, The Quixotic Potato, TheJack15, Ppk and Anonymous: 60

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