Primary Design of An Offshore Jacket Structure in English Channe

OE4651-12 Bottom Founded Structure
Exercise Phase 1&2 Hand In

Group Number: 8
Group Member :
Ang Li
Hao Tan
Yang Liu
4415671
4408950
4384954
Preface
This is the first project weve done as candidates for master degree in TU Delft. It is a primary design
of the Jacket offshore structure. We throw lights on many aspects related with the design of the
bottom founded structure in offshore engineering. For instance, the preliminary design of the
dimensions of the whole structure, computation of weight and buoyancy, computation of
environmental loads on the structure, check for the static strength of piles and members, check for
the static strength of joints, etc. It is such a comprehensive work that the knowledge absorbed in
bachelor and recent few months in master are almost performed, so as to accomplish the project
and optimize the design. It is a good lesson showing the complexity and the diversity of the work
in offshore area.
When deal with this exercise, we come across many difficulties, especially some details we neglect
in the lectures. Through this precious opportunity, we have filled the blanks of all the ignored parts.
It is with the help of Frank Sliggers and Jeroen Hoving that we can come through so many difficulties.
Therefore I would like to thank our supervisor for the helpful illustration not only in the lectures,
but also in their office time when they give some feedbacks to our work.
The exercise is made by three persons, Ang Li, Hao Tan and Yang Liu. Most of the parts are done
together so it is not possible to separate our parts. It is really a nice experience to enjoy a good
teamwork and cozy work atmosphere like this. Hope everyone can be benefited and get prepared
for the incoming exams and courses.
Yang Liu, Ang Li and Hao Tan
OE4651-12 Exercise Bottom Founded Structures
Design of an Offshore Jacket Structure
Group 8
Table of Contents
1.
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 2
2.
Structural Configuration ............................................................................................................................. 2
2.1
Primary Data Analysis ................................................................................................................................ 2
2.2
Deck Elevation ............................................................................................................................................ 3
2.3
Frames ......................................................................................................................................................... 4
2.3.1
Number of bays ........................................................................................................................................... 4
2.3.2
Geometry configuration .............................................................................................................................. 4
2.3.3
Horizontal Frame Lengths, Bay Heights and Bracing Angles .................................................................... 4
3.
Diameter and wall thickness ......................................................................................................................11
3.1
Diameter calculation ..................................................................................................................................11
3.2
Wall thickness calculation ..........................................................................................................................11
4.
Weight and buoyancy ................................................................................................................................ 13
5.
Hydrodynamic loading.............................................................................................................................. 13
5.1
Transformation of Joint Coordinate .......................................................................................................... 13
5.2
Selection of the stick range ....................................................................................................................... 14
5.3
Determination of the equivalent diameters of the various ranges ............................................................. 15
5.4
Estimation of the overall hydrodynamic loading ...................................................................................... 17
6.
Structure Analysis ..................................................................................................................................... 21
6.1
Design Load .............................................................................................................................................. 21
6.2
Foundation Check ..................................................................................................................................... 23
6.3
Member check........................................................................................................................................... 30
7.
Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................ 40
Reference ............................................................................................................................................................... 40
List of tables .......................................................................................................................................................... 41
List of figures......................................................................................................................................................... 42
Group 8
1. Introduction
The subject of this bottom founded exercise presents the schematic design of a jacket platform, which covers most
issues of a preliminary bottom founded structure design, ranging from the determination of structural dimension to
the calculation of the environmental loads. Starting from the research for the basic design, we guarantee the
specializations of jacket platform to meet the requirements listed in the design criteria. The design process can be
divided into four major parts as followed in phase 1:
Structure configuration. Do research on functional specifications, environmental conditions and soil conditions.
Gather Data and calculate input data, such as the maximum and minimum water depth and deck elevation
Calculate weight and buoyancy of the jacket. . Determine the preliminary members, legs and pile diameters and
prepare drawings. The weight and buoyancy can be calculated after we know the diameter of members and their
locations by setting a global coordinate at the right leg of the vertical end-on side.
Equivalent stick model. Using the method provided in hand-out, the 3-D structural model will be transformed into a
layer equivalent stick model, which will simplify the task.
Calculation for environmental loads. Since the stick model has been built, the environmental loads on the stick can
be calculated through integration by using the Simpsons method.
2. Structural Configuration
2.1 Primary Data Analysis
In the basic design period of the jacket structural, the specific data of the operate location and the elevation of the
deck were required in order to locate the uppermost horizontal frame and the work point. The summary of the
required data and specifications are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Required Meteorological Data and Load Specifications
Location
Southern North Data
Water depth(MSL)
31.6m
Wave height(100years)
9.6m
Wave period
14.2s
Astronomical tidal range
3.0m
Positive storm surge
1.2m
Negative storm surge
0.2m
Marine growth layer thickness
36mm
Subsidence at the end of production life
0.4m
2
Group 8
Table 1 continued
Minimum elevation of the top framing above MSL
6m above MSL
Elevation of the topmost submerged frame
must remain flooded at all times
Initial pile diameter
42
Deck leg size
36
Wind load end-on direction
0.5MN
Wind load broadside direction
0.8MN
Yield stress of steel
345MPa
Yield stress for piles(if increase required)
430MPa
Calculations of the maximum and minimum water depth can be done by using the data above and the formulas below.
The maximum water depth:
Dmax water depth (MSL)+ half the tidal range + storm surge + subsidence +settlement
Dmax 31.6 [m] + 0.53.0 [m] + 1.2 [m] +0.4 [m]
= 34.7 [m]
Dmin water depth (MSL) half the tidal range storm surge
Dmin 31.6 [m] - 0.53.0 [m] -0.2 [m]
= 29.9 [m]
Considering about the safety and convenience for calculation, Dmax 34.7m and Dmin 30m
2.2 Deck Elevation

The elevation of the lower deck level should be high enough to clear the wave crest reaching the platform, which will
create an extra overturning moment and cause the failure of the structure. For this exercise this elevation may be
calculated as the maximum water depth Dmax
plus 55% of the wave height ( H max ) plus 1,5 meters air gap.
Deck Elevation = Dmax + 55% H max + air gap

= 34.7 [m] + 0.559.6 [m] +1.5 [m]
=41.48 [m]
For convenience this number is rounded up to 41.5m. This number represents the elevation of the lower deck level
from the seabed which includes 1m clearance for vertical extension from the pile to the deck , 2.5m for welding of the
shims(above the uppermost horizontal framing) , 37m from the uppermost horizontal frame to the lowermost
horizontal frame and 1m(including the diameter of the pipe) elevation of the lowermost frame from the mud line. The
details show in the Figure 1.
Distance between the uppermost and lowermost frame = Deck Elevation top vertical gap 2.5 mud line
= 41.5 [m] -1 [m] -2.5 [m] 1 [m]
= 37 [m]
Group 8
Underside of deck
Figure 1 Vertical end-on side
2.3 Frames
2.3.1 Number of bays
In the design, two bays were chosen for the reasons that it can reduce the cost for material, fabrication, cathodic
protection and further inspection requirements. Moreover, using two bays can make the angles between the diagonal
bracing locating between the values of 30-60 degree more easily. At last, two bays can guarantee the uppermost frame
keeps dry and the second highest frame always under the water considering the two worst case scenarios.
2.3.2 Geometry configuration

At the first we assumed a batter angle of 1:13, and found its hard to fulfil the requirements in the criteria with a height
of 39m (from uppermost to lowermost). At the last we choose a batter angle of 1:10 and the calculations were carried
out below: reference was made to Handbook of Bottom Founded Offshore Structures.
2.3.3 Horizontal Frame Lengths, Bay Heights and Bracing Angles

Take the vertical end-on side shows in the figure 1 as an example:
Assumed batter angle, 1:10
True batter angle, 1: 10 /
Distance between uppermost to lowermost frame, h=37m
Lengths of the horizontal frames,

For finding the last frame length, b2 :
b2 37 0.1 2 10 17.4m
For finding the value of M:
4
Group 8
b2
17.4
1.319
b0
10
Therefore, the length of the middle horizontal frame, b1 is:
b1 M b0 1.319 10 13.19m
Height of the bays:
h1 h (1 m) 37 / (1 1.319) 15.95m
h2 h h1 37 15.95 21.05m
Calculations of the angles of the diagonals:
tan 1 (h1 b 0.1 h ) 53.991

0
1
The principles of the calculations for the rest members (frames, braces, heights and angles) were the same with above.
Figure 2 shows the 3-D model of the jacket. In the following parts of this report the figures showing the angles and
dimensions are also shown.
Figure 2 The labels of the structure
Group 8
The coordinate system was chosen at the Dmax surface ( Au Bu Cu Du )so that the X-axis falls on the end-on side,
Y-axis falls on the broadside and Z-axis shows the positive height of the structure. The dimensions of the members
are given in Table 2 and illustrate in Figure 3.
Table2 Dimensions of members
Section
Segment
End-on side
Diagonal
Broad side
End-on side
Horizontal
Broad side
A0D1,C0B1
19.72
D1A2, B1C2
26.02
A0B1,D0C1
26.85
B1A2,C1D2
30.15
A0D0,B0C0
10
A1D1,B1C1
13.19
A2D2, B2C2
17.4
A0B0,C0D0
20
A1B1,C1D1
21.60
A2B2,C2D2
23.7
Figure 3 The labels of the structure
Length(m)
Group 8
Figure 4 Angles between members

Figure 4, above, shows the different angles (actually showed the angle in vertical face) of the frame, from which we
can see all the angles fall into 30-60 degrees which reach the requirements consider about the welding operation.
The situations comes the same with the horizontal frames. In these horizontal frames, there are ten pipe guides.
Considering the welding operation, the angles between two members are larger than 30 degree and smaller than 60
degree. Figure 5 shows the underlying horizontal framings of the jacket structure (combination of K brace and X
brace). Further details in the three horizontal frames show in the Figure 6.
VERTICAL END-ON SIDE
INCLINED END-ON SIDE

Figure 5 Bottom plan
7
Group 8
Figure 6 The angles in three plans
The joints in different frames has the same labels with the Figure 5 and their coordinates are given in Table 3, Table 4
and Table 5.
Table 3 Joints in the top plan
x
A0
3.7
3.3
B0
3.7
20
3.3
C0
13.7
20
3.3
D0
13.7
3.3
E0
3.7
3.3
F0
13.7
3.3
G0
7.0
3.3
H0
10.4
3.3
I0
7.0
4.5
3.3
J0
10.4
3.3
K0
7.0
4.5
3.3
L0
10.4
4.5
3.3
Group 8
Table 4 Joints in the middle plan

x
A1
2.105
-12.655
B1
2.105
21.596
-12.655
C1
15.296
21.596
-12.655
D1
15.296
-12.655
E1
2.105
-12.655
F1
15.296
-12.655
G1
7.0
-12.655
H1
10.4
-12.655
I1
7.0
-12.655
J1
10.4
-12.655
K1
7.0
4.5
-12.655
L1
10.4
4.5
-12.655
Table 5 Joints in the lowermost plan

x
A2
-33.7
B2
23.7
-33.7
C2
17.4
23.7
-33.7
D2
17.4
-33.7
E2
-33.7
F2
17.4
-33.7
G2
7.0
-33.7
H2
10.4
-33.7
I2
7.0
-33.7
J2
10.4
-33.7
K2
7.0
4.5
-33.7
L2
10.4
4.5
-33.7
Figure 7, below, shows the jacket location which presents by the underlying frame respect to the jack-up structure.
Group 8
16.00
R7.50
D2
C2
8.00
5.00
5.00
17.40
45.00
9.00
A2
B2
14.70
Pile center line

10.00
Figure 7 Interface of the jacket and the jack-up rig ( showing jacket plan dimension at seabed )
10
Group 8
3. Diameter and wall thickness

3.1 Diameter calculation
Initially the different type member diameters will be determined using rules of thumb: For the diagonal members,
the slenderness KL / r is set to 80 (K=0.8), so the diameter D should thus be approximately 0.03 times its length, i.e.
D=0.03L. Diameters of horizontal members in the vertical faces of the structure are also sized using the above rule,
but their slenderness is increased to about 100. This results in D=0.023L.
3.2 Wall thickness calculation

The D/t-ratio, i.e. ratio of diameter over wall thickness, for members varies over the structure. Due to handout
information, members in the top part of the structure are often relatively thick walled with a D/t-ratio less than 30,
while members near the bottom of the structure have much thinner walls with a D/t-ratio of more than 40. For
weight estimation purposes however, we assume a D/t-ratio of 40. The stresses in the legs are generally moderate;
here D/t = 60 is assumed.
In any case the minimum wall thickness is 0,5 inch. Note that the diameters of members should always be smaller
than the diameter of the member to which they are connected, by an amount such that a sensible welding
configuration is achieved. Furthermore, the diameters of commercially available tubular go up in steps of 2 inches
and wall thicknesses similarly go up in steps of 0,125 inches, so after calculation we will rounded up the diameters
and wall thicknesses.
As the main design has selected piles of 42, and consider the piles spare room in the leg, we select the jacket legs
6 larger in diameter than the piles, which is 48.
Table 6 Diameter and wall thickness of members
Section
Round up
Round up
Diameter(inch)
thickness(inch)
48
0.875
40.903
48
0.875
C0_C2
40.903
48
0.875
D0_D2
40.702
48
0.875
A0_D0
10
0.254
10
0.25
A0_B0
20
0.508
20
0.5
B0_C0
10
0.254
10
0.25
C0_D0
20
0.508
20
0.5
A1_D1
13.191
0.305
12
0.375
A1_B1
21.596
0.508
20
0.5
B1_C1
13.191
0.305
12
0.375
C1_D1
21.596
0.508
20
0.5
Segment
Length(m)
A0_A2
40.702
B0_B2
Diameter(meter)
Leg
Frame 1
Frame 2
11
Group 8
Table 6 continued
A2_D2
17.4
0.406
16
0.5
A2_B2
23.7
0.559
22
0.625
B2_C2
17.4
0.406
16
0.5
C2_D2
23.7
0.559
22
0.625
A0_B1
26.863
0.813
32
0.875
B1_A2
30.196
0.914
36
C0_B1
19.788
0.610
24
0.625
B1_C2
26.102
0.813
32
0.875
C0_D1
25.634
0.813
32
0.875
D1_C2
31.765
0.965
38
A0_D1
19.724
0.610
24
0.625
D1_A2
26.016
0.813
32
0.875
A0_K0
5.701
0.152
0.25
K0_E0
5.701
0.152
0.25
D0_L0
5.701
0.152
0.25
F0_L0
5.701
0.152
0.25
C0_E0
14.866
0.356
14
0.375
F0_B0
14.866
0.356
14
0.375
G0_I0
0.203
0.25
H0_J0
0.203
0.25
E0_F0
10
0.254
10
0.25
A1_K1
6.798
0.2032
0.25
K1_E1
6.798
0.2032
0.25
D1_L1
6.798
0.2032
0.25
F1_L1
6.798
0.203
0.25
C1_E1
18.238
0.457
18
0.5
F1_B1
18.238
0.457
18
0.5
G1_I1
0.254
10
0.25
H1_J1
0.254
10
0.25
E1_F1
13.19
0.305
12
0.375
A2_K2
8.491
0.203
0.25
K2_E2
8.491
0.203
0.25
D2_L2
8.491
0.203
0.25
F2_L2
8.491
0.203
0.25
C2_E2
22.778
0.508
20
0.5
F2_B2
22.778
0.508
20
0.5
G2_I2
0.254
10
0.25
H2_J2
0.254
10
0.25
E2_F2
17.4
0.406
16
0.5
Frame 3
Diagonal 1
Diagonal 2
Diagonal 3
Diagonal 4
conductor
guide b0
conductor
guide b1
conductor
guide b2
12
Group 8
Table 6 continued
Riser
Cassion
1 in-coming
37
0.356
14
0.375
2 out-coming
37
0.406
16
0.5
1 fire water
17.4
0.610
24
0.625
0.610
24
0.625
2 sump
31.4
4. Weight and buoyancy

The weight is easily calculated by assuming the members are thin-walled hollow circular members. We use the
formula below to calculate the weight of each member, then summary all the weight to get the total weight of the
substructure.
Weight=*g*[ (outsideDiameter/2)2-(/2)2]**Length
Here we assume the density of steel =7850kg/3, gravity of acceleration g=9.81/ 2,then the total
weight found in this way is roughly 2.63MN.
When calculate the buoyancy of the substructure, we just consider the members are closed and in this case the
buoyancy is the total volume of the structure which is submerged. Here we assume the density of seawater is
1025kg/3. Then we find the total buoyancy is roughly 1.85MN.
Dry weight[MN]
2.63
Buoyancy[MN]
1.85
In-place weight[MN]
0.78
5. Hydrodynamic loading
5.1 Transformation of Joint Coordinate
In order to calculate the hydrodynamic loading on the structure with simplification, the three dimensional structure
model will be represented by a so-called equivalent stick. For the sake of the application of spreadsheet, here we set
the wave travels in the X-axis direction. Then we can acquire the equivalent stick model through the rotation of the
three dimensional model, using the following coordinate transfer:
xi xi cos yi sin
yi yi cos xi sin
zi zi Dmax
This method is illustrated in Figure 8
13
Group 8
Figure 8 Transformation of joint coordinates
5.2 Selection of the stick range

The ranges of the stick model should be defined in such a way that any member can be allocated unambiguously to
one of these ranges. Here we set the origin of the coordinate at the maximum water depth
1
H 5.28 m
2
The upper boundary is at the wave crest elevation:
Dmax
The lower boundary is at the seabed:
34.7 m
The allocation of the stick range is shown in Figure 9
14
Dmax
Group 8
Figure 9 Allocation of the stick range

Normally, because of the length of the caisson, we should divide the 2nd bay into three ranges. In order to make the
task easy, here we separate the calculation of caisson with that of the stick model. In other words, we merely
calculate the load on the remained parts of the stick model without caisson, and then add the load of the caisson
to the resulting load ( actually this only counts in this bay, so it wont affect the calculation in other parts.). This
method can reduce the range divisions and makes the labeling of the nodes more clear.
As a consequence, we obtain the allocation of the ranges through the method above. The result is shown in Table 7
(in which we define boundaries Z_u and Z_l for all ranges with respect to SWL.)
Table 7 Allocation of the ranges
Range
Description
Zu (m)
Zl(m)
Height (m)
crest to top horizontal frame
5.3
3.3
2.0
the top horizontal frame
3.6
3.0
0.5
the upper part of 1st bay
3.3
0.0
3.3
SWL to MSL plus subsidence
0.0
-2.7
2.7
the lower part of 1st bay
-2.7
-12.7
10.0
the medium horizontal frame
-12.4
-12.9
0.5
the 2nd bay
-12.7
-33.7
21.0
the bottom horizontal frame
-33.4
-34.0
0.6
bottom horizontal frame to sea bed
-33.7
-34.7
1.0
5.3 Determination of the equivalent diameters of the various ranges

The equivalent diameters of the various ranges is obtained through the method described in The OE4651
equivalent stick model reviewed (Ir. R. A. W. Dubbers, 9 January, 2004).
In this method, we should define the following parameters:
15
Group 8
p (yi y j )2 (zi z j )2
Li j
p ( xi x j )2
pD
Li j ( zu zl )
Then we can acquire the equivalent diameters as following:
DDE
q p
Li j
DIE 2 qD
This procedure will be applied to all members. The results will be accumulated for all members (M) and assigned
to their associated ranges (R).
M
2
IE ( R )
D 2 IE ( m)
1
D 2 IE ( R ) D 2 IE ( m)
1
Due to the marine growth, the stick diameters beneath the Mean Sea Level plus Subsidence should consider marine
growth. So, for Z_u < MSL + Subsidence:
D D 2* rMG
The result of the determination of equivalent diameters of different ranges is shown in following tables.
Table 8 Equivalent diameters of broad side
Range
Description
Height
DDE(m)
DIE2(m2)
2.0
10.5
9.5
0.5
57.2
26.1
3.3
17.4
16.0
2.7
15.2
13.7
10.0
15.7
11.2
0.5
77.7
43.7
the 2nd bay
21.0
15.5
12.1
0.6
79.2
49.9
1.0
16.5
14.5
16
Group 8
Table 9 Equivalent diameters of end-on side

Range
Description
Height
DDE(m)
DIE2 (m2)
2.0
10.6
9.5
0.5
22.9
7.6
3.3
16.1
15.1
2.7
13.8
12.7
10.0
14.3
10.0
0.5
49.9
23.9
the 2nd bay
21.0
14.5
11.2
0.6
76.0
40.7
1.0
10.3
13.3
Table 10
Equivalent diameters of diagonal side
Range
Description
Height
DDE(m)
DIE^2(m^2)
2.0
10.5
9.5
0.5
30.7
16.4
3.3
16.5
15.5
2.7
14.2
13.2
10.0
14.7
10.6
0.5
51.1
32.2
the 2nd bay
21.0
14.2
11.3
0.6
60.1
41.8
1.0
16.5
14.5
5.4 Estimation of the overall hydrodynamic loading

The environmental loading of the slender members can be obtained through Morison equation. It is defined in two
parts:
1
vx vx CD DDE
2
1
FIE ax D 2 IE CM
4
FDE
Since there is a 90 degrees phase shift between the drag and inertia force, the two force vectors are perpendicular,
and hence the combined resultant force should be:
Fres FDE 2 FIE 2

Then we should consider the terms in these two equations:
(1). Design waves
Wave loads can be determined using Airys theory. Through wave period we can obtain the angular velocity of
the wave:
17
a 2
Group 8
cosh k ( z d )
sinh kd
2
0.44(rad / s)
T
Through Dispersion Relationship we can obtain wave number k (Eckart Approximation is applied):
2 gk tanh(kd )
k0 d
2d
g
kd (tanh )
1
2
Finally we get wave number k=0.0258

Then we need compute wave length:
L cT
We obtain wave length L=243.8m
For water depth/wave length is 0.14, we should use the following equations to compute water particle velocity and
acceleration:
cosh k ( z d )
sinh kd
cosh
k(z d )
a 2
sinh kd
v
While, in this exercise we just use the equations of water particle velocity in deep water to make life easy.
So actually here we adopt the following equation to obtain the water particle velocity and acceleration:
v ekz
a 2e z
The wave induced water particle velocities and accelerations decay exponentially from still water level down to the
seabed. The horizontal velocity above MSL remains constant and the value of which equals to the value at MSL.
From empirical data it is found that in most cases, the directional wave spreading factor is constant and equal to
0.906. Here the directional wave spreading factor is to be applied to water particle accelerations and velocities
(2). Design current
Here it is assumed that the current velocity is constant over the full instantaneous water depth. The current blockage
factors for different wave headings are shown followings:
End-on side:
0.8
Diagonal side:
0.85
Broad side:
0.8
(3). Stick model hydrodynamic coefficients

The presence of any attachments such as anodes may be accounted for by increasing the drag coefficient. So the
18
Group 8
drag coefficient and inertia coefficient is adopted like these:

Drag coefficient above MSL: 0.7
Drag coefficient below MSL: 0.75
Inertia coefficient:
2.0
(4). Maximum force and crest position

As instructed in the Exercise hand out, for this exercise it is not necessary to calculate the crest positon for which the
total force is at its maximum. Here it is omitted.
In order to acquire precise loading by hand, we will use the Simpsons Rule to apply numerical integration.
As a result, the final force and moment can be computed though the equations below:
fu 4 f c fl
)(zu zl )
6
f z 4 f zc c f z l l
M ( u u
) (uz zl
6
F (
Perform the whole calculation process for all the required wave direction(loading directions are depicted in figure
10 ), we can obtain the environmental force and moment applied on the structure. The result is shown in the tables
beneath:
( the moment is obtained with respect to seabed)
Table 11
Environmental loads on End-on side
level
description
fu (N)
fc (N)
fl (N)
F (N)
M (Nm)
61,352
61,352
61,352
121,477
4,736,407
128,666
128,666
128,666
65,363
2,483,776
93,832
93,832
93,832
309,645
11,255,604
69,516
67,061
64,728
181,119
6,043,238
70,698
73,666
55,440
698,149
18,991,886
191,115
197,701
188,916
99,131
2,185,428
the 2nd bay
56,375
57,759
37,307
1,224,572
15,187,218
193,638
196,909
191,877
109,259
109,305
27,272
27,173
26,817
27,130
13,603
Table 12 Environmental loads on Broad side

level
description
fu (N)
fc (N)
fl (N)
F (N)
M (Nm)
60,916
60,916
60,916
120,614
4,702,745
336,115
336,115
336,115
170,746
6,488,360
101,176
101,176
101,176
333,880
12,136,546
76,217
73,524
70,967
198,576
6,625,686
77,681
80,923
60,915
766,980
20,864,340
301,544
311,643
298,072
156,311
3,446,015
the 2nd bay
60,132
61,588
39,788
1,300,175
16,105,465
203,902
207,009
202,042
114,925
114,973
42,681
43,079
41,986
42,830
21,473
19
Group 8
Table 13 Environmental loads on Diagonal side

level
description
fu (N)
fc (N)
fl (N)
F (N)
M (Nm)
64,132
64,132
64,132
126,982
4,951,037
187,489
187,489
187,489
95,244
3,619,285
101,250
101,250
101,250
334,126
12,145,465
75,663
73,063
70,591
197,327
6,583,945
77,195
66,216
60,992
668,700
18,203,899
211,548
184,595
209,192
98,139
2,163,570
the 2nd bay
58,947
42,428
39,606
1,026,306
12,923,843
167,915
133,287
166,444
80,794
80,832
46,276
36,549
45,553
39,670
19,895
Figure 10 Loading directions

All in all, the resultant shear force and moment on seabed is shown in table 14 and table 15
Table 14 Resultant hydrodynamic shear force and moment on seabed
Shear force (MN)
Moment (MNm)
broad side
3.2
70.5
end-on side
2.8
61.0
diagonal side
2.7
60.7
Table 15 Resultant hydrodynamic and wind induced shear force and moment on seabed
Shear force (MN)
Moment (MNm)
broad side
4.0
103.7
end-on side
3.3
81.8
diagonal side
3.6
99.8
20
Group 8
6. Structure Analysis
6.1 Design Load
Load to be considered for the structural analysis:
Fw : Resulting wind load on the topsides

GT : Total of the permanent and variable topsides loads
FH : Resulting hydrodynamic loads on the substructure

GS : Total of the permanent and variable substructure loads, i.e. Structure weight minus its buoyancy
These loads are shown in the Figure 11 below.
Figure 11 Applied load on the structure

From the design loads above, we can now determine the total applied global loading for ULS by using the following
formulas:
Total vertical load, FG G (GT GS )
21
Group 8
Base shear: FB = E ( FW FH )
Overturning moment due to environmental loads: M OE E (M OW M OH )
Overturning moment due to permanent and variable loads: M OG G (M OGT M OGS )
Total overturning moment: M M OE M OG
In which,
M OW FW hW
M OH hi FHi
i
M OGT GT eGT
M OGS GS eGS
These support reactions have been calculated in the following three conditions and are shown in the table below
respectively
Environmental loading
Symmetric vertical loading
Anti-symmetric vertical loading
The partial load factors used in the calculation are manifested in Table 16.
Table 16 Load factors
Partial load factors
Permanent and variable actions only
1.3
1.5
1.1
1.1
1.35
0.9
0.8
1.35
Extreme conditions;
Action effects due to permanent and variable actions are additive
Extreme conditions;
Action effects due to permanent and variable actions are oppose
The calculations of different overturning moments and forces shown in Figure 11 are indicated in Table 17 to 20.
Table 17 Calculation moment due to permanent load
gravity and distances
Broad side
end-on side
diagonal
gravity and distances
Broad side
end-on side
diagonal
eGT(m)
0.94
0.25
0.88
eGS(m)
Gt(MN)
M (MNm)
16.68
15.68
4.15
Gs(MN)
M (MNm)
14.66
22
2.63
0
Group 8
Table 18 Moment due to wind load

forces and distances
broadside
end-on side
Hw(m)
diagonal
51.50
Fw(MN)
0.50
0.80
0.64
Mow(MNm)
25.75
41.20
33.21
Table 19 Moment due to hydromechanics

forces and distances
broadside
end-on side
Hw(m)
diagonal
31.97
FH(MN)
3.21
2.84
2.67
Moh(MNm)
102.46
90.66
85.27
Table 20 Total load and moment on the jacket structure

Load type
broadside
end-on side
diagonal
Fg (MN)
21.24
21.24
21.24
Fb (MN)
5.00
4.91
4.47
Moe (MNm)
173.08
178.00
159.94
Mog (MNm)
17.24
4.57
16.13
Mo (MNm)
190.32
182.57
176.07
6.2 Foundation Check

6.2.1
Pile reactions
Instead of complex calculating all forces at once, we determine the support reactions at the sea floor, by separately
considering 3 different types of loading.
Horizontal loading due to the environmental loads on the frame (wind, waves and current)
Symmetric part of the vertical loading due to the permanent and vertical loads
Anti-symmetric part of the vertical loading due to the permanent and vertical loads
The problem was solved in three dimensions: broadside, end-on side and diagonal side. The loads calculated above in
Table are the total loads which should divided by 2 when calculate the support reactions in each frame. The reactions
of the foundation piles are considered in the local pile coordinate system, which is Pa for the axial force, Pt for the
transverse pile reaction and Pm for the moments. The forces and moments are shown in the Figure12.
23
Group 8
Figure 12 Support reactions

For end-on side, the value of 1 and 2 are identical due to the symmetric. While on broadside as the pile has
been battered in one direction only, 1 is zero and 2 is 0.1. Furthermore, some assumptions are used in analysis.
Transverse loads of the two piles are identical: Pt1 Pt 2 Pt
Use the foundation model accounting for the inflection point at an equivalent depth d e .
Assume that
1 and 2 are small enough, 1, 2
In which,
2de 4.5D
Therefore,
de 4.5 42 0.0254 0.5
2.40m
The factors used in the calculation are presented in Table 21.
Table 21 Assumption and parameters required
broadside
end-on side
diagonal
D(m)
42
42
42
de(m)
2.40
2.40
2.40
Height of point C(m)
238
88
253.75
a1(radians)
0.1
0.1
a2(radians)
0.1
0.1
0.1
bt(m)
20
10
22.36
be(m)
24.66
18.36
30.74
24
Group 8
Forces and moments caused by environmental loading
PtE
M
1 h
FB OE
2 h de
h
PaE ,1 PaE ,2 PaE
FB de M OE
be
PmE ,1 PmE ,2 PmE PtE de

In which, M OE , FB are obtained from the calculations showed in Table
Forces and moments caused by symmetric loading

The symmetric part of the vertical loading due to the permanent and variable loading FG which is shown in
Table 20.
For a Jacket, the vertical load of topsides acts at mid-point of top brace and the vertical load of the substructure
also acts at the mid-point of the top brace.
PtG ,1 PtG ,2 PmG ,1 PmG ,2 0

PaG ,1 PaG ,2 PaG
FG
2
Forces and moments caused by anti-symmetric loading

The anti-symmetric part of the variable loading is manifested by the corresponding overturning moment M OG
which is shown in Table 20.
PtOG M OG
sin M OG
be
be
PaOG M OG
cos M OG
be
be
PmOG ,1 PmOG ,2 PmOG de PtOG

Combining all the support reactions and moments calculated above results in the total loading which is showed in
Figure 13.
25
Group 8
Figure 13 Support forces and moments

Therefore:
Pt ,1 Pt ,2 PtE PtOG
M
1 h
FB OE
2 h de
h
M OG
b
Pm,1 Pm,2 de PtE PtOG

Pa ,1 PaE PaG PaOG
FB de M O FG
be
2
Pa ,1 PaE PaG PaOG
FB de M O FG
be
2
The final results of support reactions are shown in tabulated format in the Table 22.
Table 22 Combined support reaction for total loading
6.2.2
broadside
end-on
Pt1,2 (MN)
1.02
0.69
Pm1,2 (MNm)
2.46
1.66
Pa1 (MN)
-1.21
-0.02
Pa2 (MN)
9.41
10.60
Maximum pile loads
When it comes to the foundation pile check, the maximum loads should be considered. As we can see in Figure 14,
the maximum pile loads occur in the diagonal direction due to the fact that the moment arm is longer in this case, at
the same time, the loading is stood by only one pile. For the overall equilibrium of the structure the bending moments
26
Group 8
within the piles may be neglected. These are relatively small compared to the overturning moment. Therefore, only
the axial and lateral forces in the piles need to be considered for the overall equilibrium of the structure.
Above all, the pile check are done in diagonal direction.
Figure 14 Piles under influence of overturning moment in diagonal direction

In order to check the pile, the formulas below have been used.
Vertical pile reaction, V1,2
FG
4
M OE M OG
BS
Pile net shear, H1,2 FB V1 V2
The vertical forces and pile net shear can be solved along the axis of the pile. The load calculation result are shown in
the Table 23.
Table 23 Maximus pile loads
diagonal
Vertical Pile Reaction V1 (MN)
-0.66
Vertical Pile Reaction V2 (MN)
11.28
Pile Net Shear, 1,2 (MN)
0.06
Axial Compressive Load (MN)
11.23
Lateral Pile Force (MN)
1.18
Thus, compare the value of axial compression force and lateral force with the ultimate compression force and lateral
forced gave in the hand-out with pile diameter42 , thickness 1.75 .
Meanwhile. A factor 0.8 should be considered for the ultimate limit state of the pile, which can make the design more
conservative.
Ultimate compressive force of42 , thickness 1.75 22.1 0.8 17.68MN
Ultimate lateral force of42 , thickness 1.75 3.5MN
It can be seen that both compressive and lateral force are below the required ultimate values. So the pile is designed
well and have no need to change to a larger one.
27

6.2.3
Group 8
Pile penetration check
It can be found that the required pile penetration is between 50-60 meters. In this case, the value of 50 was chosen.
Then compared this value with the axial load which will applied on the pile, and the penetration can be calculated:
, 2
) =
50
Therefore,
, 2
(
6.2.4
) =
50
11.23
35.64m
22.1
Pile Stress Check
Effectively the piles are fully clamped at about 4.5 pile diameters below the mudline. Alternatively we may assume
that the piles are hinged at 2.25 pile diameters below the mudline. The bending moment in the pile near the mudline
can now easily be determined:
The stress due to the axial load is:
Pc
A
fc
where: A D0 t t , with D0 being the pile diameter and t the thickness

The stress due to bending is:
where: S
D0 t
fb
M2
S
1
A D0 t
4
The moment at 2.25D below the mudline is found by: M 2 2.25DH , with D being the pile diameter and H the pile
net shear.
Finally check whether:
where:
fc
f
b b 0.85
c Fc b Fy
c 0.85 and b 0.95 and Fy 345MPa

for:
Note: Fc (1 0.25 ) Fy
2
Fc
Where:
for:
Fy
Fy
E
KL Fy
r E
2
2
and: r
D
D t
I
av 0
, K 1
A 2 2 2 2
According to the process above, the check results are shown in the Table 24.
28
Group 8
Table 24 Checking of the pile for bending and axial force

parameters
Stress check below mudline
Stress check above mudline
0.143
0.236
Area under stress caused by bending moment, S (m )
0.036
0.078
0.894
0.695
,(Mpa)
432.081
714.257
345
345
0.85
0.85
0.95
0.95
0.361
0.465
Stress due to axial load, (Mpa)
77.611
46.950
(Mpa)
125.152
160.127
4.576
12.418
Area of pile under stress, A(m2 )

2
,(Mpa
Stress due to bending,
M2=2.25DH(MN.m)
Checking
0.53
0.566
satisfied
satisfied
From the result, we can read that the stress below and above mudline both under the criterion.
6.2.5
6.2.4 Stress check in bottom bay
The stability of the leg in the bottom bay may now be checked in a similar way as the throughtheleg pile. Any
lateral loading may be ignored, as both the selfweight and buoyancy is approximately acting along the axis of the
leg, while the hydrodynamic loading near the sea floor is rather small. In this case, we use the same method of
calculations above; however, still a minor difference exists, the length of consideration and calculation of M1 which
is 0.25M2.The results are presented in Table 25.
Table 25 Parameters used in calculation and checking of the leg segment
parameters
Area of pile under
Stress check below mudline
stress, A(m2 )
0.143
Area under stress caused by bending moment, S
(m2 )
0.036
0.75
,(Mpa)
611.38
,(Mpa
345
0.85
0.95
0.361
Stress due to axial load, (Mpa)
77.611
(Mpa)
66.175
Stress due to bending,
M2=2.25DH(MN.m)
9.66
M1=0.25M2
2.41
Checking
0.35
satisfied
29
Group 8
All the check of pile has done, from which we can see the pile satisfied the required standard, and can withstand the
topsides weight and self-weight well.
6.3 Member check

In this section, we transfer the global loads to section forces to analysis the members. And here two simplifications
are used to calculate member forces easily.
1) Apply equivalent point loads at the frame nodes.
2) Calculate the section force from horizontal loads and vertical loads separately then superimpose to get the
total member force.
6.3.1
Horizontal section force
The horizontal forces are caused by hydrodynamic loads and wind loads, so the first step is to transfer the
environmental loads into point force acting at the nodes of the frame.
a) The wind load is transferred to the level of the top horizontal framing. Consider the top frame joints are
hinged, we got the point on which horizontal wind load applying on the top frame and the point vertical
acting on the top of the foundation piles, which is due to the overturning moment caused by wind load. See
Figure 15.
Figure 15 Transfer wind loads to the substructure
Horizontal wind load on the top frame:
Vertical substructure frame load:
Wv ,1
W h, 1
Wv ,2
FW
2
W h, 2
aF W
Where a = Deck elevation + 10 op horizontal frame elevation = 13.5 m

The transferred wind load on broadside and end-on side are shown in Table 26, because we analyze a single frame,
the force on each side should be divided by two.
30
Group 8
Table 26 Transferred wind load on substructure

Transferred wind load
Broadside
End-on side
unit
FW
0.5
0.8
MN
FWh,1 , FWh,2
0.4
0.25
MN
FWv,1 , FWv,2
0.54
0.17
MN
The hydrodynamic load should also be transferred from distributed forces into lumped one, which apply on each
horizontal frame. Herein we use geometry method to transfer the distributed load into lumped load, which can be
learned easily from the Figure 16.
Figure 16 Geometry method

The detailed calculation of geometry method is to add two parts of distributed loads into one lumped load on each
frame. For example, we get FH ,1 by adding the distributed loads applying on A0 A1 and A1 A1,lower together and also
the new lumped load matches the shear and moment caused by the relevant distributed load.
A1,lower
A1
F H ,1 F H ,i F H ,i
A0
A1
;
A1,lower
A1
F H ,1 h1 F H ,i h i F H ,ih i
;
A0
A1
By using numerical method we get distributed load on each length.
The lumped hydrodynamic load on broadside and end-on side are shown in Table 27.
31
Group 8
Table 27 Lumped hydrodynamic load

Lumped hydrodynamic load
Broadside
End-on side
From top to MSL
FH ,1 (MN)
0.85
0.70
MSL to cassion tip
FH ,2 (MN)
1.78
1.61
0.66
0.61
Cassion tip to bottom
FH ,3
Then use the formulas below we can get the equivalent point forces which are shown in Table 28.
F1 ( FH ,1 FW ) E
Fi E FH ,i , i 2
Table 28 Equivalent point forces causing by environmental load
Equivalent point load
Broadside
End-on side
F1
0.91
1.01
F2
1.20
1.09
F3
0.44
0.41
Consider horizontal forces only, we treat jacket as equivalent beam model and can calculate sectional shear and
moments caused by environmental load, results are shown in Table 29.
Shear forces and moments in different ranges can be calculated by the environmental point forces, here we can easily
calculate the first horizontal frame using the formulas below,
S PaE (1 2 ), M PaE bt
Also we can get the shear forces and moments of the third horizontal frame,
S 2PaE , M PtE bs 2PmE

Table 29 Sectional shear and moments
Range
Z(m)
Top of leg
Broadside
End-on side
Shear(MN)
Moment(MN.m)
Shear(MN)
Moment(MN.m)
39.5
-0.75
-150.11
-1.03
-103.37
1st
horizontal frame
38
0.16
-115.48
-0.02
-64.81
2nd
horizontal frame
22.05
1.36
-88.95
1.07
-40.84
3rd horizontal frame
1.81
-88.50
1.48
-40.43
Sea bed
2.12
-7.60
0.69
-5.05
32

6.3.2
Group 8
Vertical section force
According to the vertical force equilibrium, we use the formulas below to calculate relevant vertical forces, which are
shown in Table 30.
VT ,1 G (GT ,1 GS ,1 ) E FWv,1
VT ,2 G (GT ,2 GS ,2 ) E FWv,2
Table 30 Vertical section forces
6.3.3
Broadside
End-on side
unit
Gt,1
3.78
3.96
MN
Gs,1
0.66
0.66
MN
Fwv,1
0.25
0.4
MN
Vt,1
4.54
4.54
MN
Gt,2
4.56
4.38
MN
Gs,2
0.66
0.66
MN
Fwv,2
0.17
0.54
MN
Vt,2
5.97
6.27
MN
Internal member force
Internal member forces due to horizontal loads

Here we use the cross-section method to calculate member forces, detailed force analysis is shown in figure 17.
According to force and moment equilibrium, we can get formulas below, which are apply for all members of the
jacket.
NB
N1
S
M
(1 (1 2 ))
cos 1 sin
Sb
M
S sin
M
(1 (1 2 ))
b cos 1 sin
Sb
N2
33
M
b
Group 8
Figure 17 Cross-section analysis

Internal member forces of broadside and end-on side are shown in Table 31 and Table 32.
Table 31 Internal forces of broadside due to environmental load
Cross section position
NB
N1
N2
[m]
[deg]
[rad]
[rad]
[MN]
[MN.m]
[MN]
[MN]
[MN]
0.1
-0.75
-150.11
-7.51
-7.51
Above 1st frame
20
Above
2nd
frame
21.6
36.46
0.1
0.16
-115.49
0.93
-6.28
-5.35
Above
3rd
frame
23.7
44.26
0.1
1.36
-88.95
2.69
-6.44
-3.75
0.1
1.81
-88.50
-3.70
-3.70
Above the sea bed
23.9
Table 32 Internal forces of end-on side due to environmental load
Cross section
NB
N1
N2
position
[m]
[deg]
[rad]
[rad]
[MN]
[MN.m]
[MN]
[MN]
[MN]
Above 1st frame
20
0.1
-0.75
-150.11
-7.51
-7.51
2nd
Above
frame
21.6
36.46
0.1
0.16
-115.49
0.93
-6.28
-5.35
Above 3rd frame
23.7
44.26
0.1
1.36
-88.95
2.69
-6.44
-3.75
Above the sea bed
23.9
0.1
1.81
-88.50
-3.70
-3.70
All the internal forces are summarized in Table 33.
34
Group 8
Table 33 Summary internal member forces due to environmental loads

Diagonal brace
Horizontal brace
NB,1
NB,2
NBh,1
NBh,2
NBh,3
Broadside
0.93
2.69
0.46
0.60
0.22
End-on side
1.90
3.03
0.51
0.54
0.21
Internal member forces due to vertical loads
Figure 18 Vertical loads applied at substructure

According to the force distribute in figure 18, we can find the applied vertical loading at the top of the foundation
piles is given by VT,1 and VT,2.
VT ,1 G (GT ,1 GS ,1 ) E FWv,1
VT ,2 G (GT ,2 GS ,2 ) E FWv,2
From the vertical equilibrium at the shimplate connection between frame and the 2 foundation piles, we find:
VT ,1 VT ,3 PaV ,1 cos 1 0
VT ,2 VT ,4 PaV ,2 cos 2 0
pile
Z ,1
pile
Z ,2
Substitution yields:
VT ,3 PaV ,1 cos 1 VT ,1
VT ,4 PaV ,2 cos 2 VT ,2
35
VT ,2 VT ,1
2
VT ,1 VT ,2
2
(1
bt
)
be
(1
bt
)
be
Group 8
Ergo:
VT ,3 VT ,4
After calculation, we summary the results in table 34.
Table 34 Vertical force on the substructure
bt[m]
be[m]
VT,1[MN]
VT,2 [MN]
VT,3 [MN]
VT,4 [MN]
Broadside
20
24.66
4.54
5.97
0.13
-0.13
End-on side
10
18.36
3.73
6.27
0.58
-0.58
For a jacket, although the loads VT,3 and VT,3 exist at points A and B, we assume them to be applied at respectively
points C and D (figure 19).
Figure 19 Force analysis on point C and point D

Use the law of Sines, we find
N Bh,1 VT ,4 tan 2
N L ,2
N L ,1 VT ,1
N B ,2 VT ,1
cos
VT ,2
cos 2
VT ,2 tan 2
VT ,2 tan 2
sin( 1 )
2
sin 1
sin( 1 )
2
sin
sin( 1 )
2
cos 1
sin( 1 )
2
We can use the same method to calculate the other frame members, then get the final result in table 35.
Table 35 Summary of internal member forces due to vertical loads
NBh,1
NB1
NL,1
NL,2
NB2
NBh,2
NBh,3
NL,3
Broadside
0.02
0.13
-0.13
0.012
-0.0087
0.17
End-on side
-0.06
0.17
0.44
-0.58
0.184
-0.1084
0.80
Summary of internal forces

Due to the forces result of each member caused by horizontal or vertical loads, we combine them together and get the
36
Group 8
final internal forces of each member in table 36.

Table 36 Summary of forces for substructure members
Diagonal brace
6.3.4
Horizontal brace
NB,1
NB,2
NBh,1
NBh,2
NBh,3
Broadside
0.95
2.70
0.46
0.60
0.21
End-on side
2.07
3.22
0.45
0.54
0.10
Lateral forces
For lateral loads, there are three components to be considered:

1. Lateral hydrodynamic loading (q1) due to waves and current. Determine this lateral load (for the case
causing axial compression) applying Morisons equation and using the water particle velocity and
acceleration perpendicular to the member. For simplicity, this distributed load may be determined using the
water particle velocity and acceleration at the centre of the member. Use the diameter including the marine
growth.
2. Lateral loading (q2) due to the selfweight of the member in air. Note that for an inclined member the
component perpendicular to that member is relevant. Use the diameter without marine growth for the weight
calculation.
3. Lateral hydrostatic (buoyancy) loading, dry (q3a) and flooded (q3b). There are two possible cases, either the
member is dry, or it is flooded. For the overall platform weight we normally assume that all members are dry.
However, an individual member may have been accidentally flooded. We never can tell beforehand which
one this will be. Hence, for the member check we will have to consider both cases. It is once more the
component perpendicular to the member that counts. Use for buoyancy again the brace diameter without
marine growth. To calculate q3b there are 2 options: q3b is equal to the buoyancy of the steel cross sectional
area only, or it is equal to the full buoyancy of the member minus the weight of the water within the member.
Both options produce the same result of course.
Next, determine the maximum value of the lateral loading; which is: max[q1+ q2 q3a,q1+ q2 q3b]. Once
the maximum lateral load q is known, the bending moment can be calculated based on M ql
12
Table 37 shows the lateral member loads.

Table 37 Lateral member loads
Broadside
Lateral force
Diagonal brace
End-on side
Horizontal brace
Diagonal brace
Horizontal brace
Unit
B1
B2
Bh1
Bh2
Bh3
B1
B2
Bh1
Bh2
Bh3
Length
26.86
30.20
20.00
21.60
23.70
19.72
26.02
10.00
13.19
17.40
[m]
q1
6.66
4.24
6.09
3.76
2.52
3.61
3.19
6.06
3.74
2.51
[KN/m]
q2
3.42
3.91
1.52
1.52
2.09
1.34
2.50
0.38
0.68
1.21
[KN/m]
q3a
4.20
4.73
0.00
2.04
2.47
1.73
3.07
0.00
0.73
1.30
[KN/m]
q3b
0.45
0.51
0.00
0.20
0.27
0.18
0.33
0.00
0.09
0.16
[KN/m]
9.63
7.64
7.62
5.09
4.33
4.78
5.37
6.44
4.33
3.56
[MN/m]
0.58
0.58
0.25
0.20
0.20
0.15
0.30
0.05
0.06
0.09
[MN/m]
37

6.3.5
Group 8
Substructure member check
Herein we can check stability for each member using axial force and bending moment results.
Pc
A
fc
The stress due to the axial load is:
where: A D0 t t , with D0 being the member diameter and t the thickness
fb
The stress due to bending is:

where: S
D0 t
M
S
1
A D0 t
4
Finally check whether: rule= rule
fc
f
Cm
b
b 0.85
c Fc b Fbn 1 f c
FE
2
where:
c 0.85 ; b 0.95 ; Fbn Fy 345MPa ; E 210GPa ; FE Fy / Cm 0.85

for:
Note: Fc (1 0.25 ) Fy
2
Fc
Where:
for:
Fy
Fy
E
2
2
KL Fy
r E
and: r
D
D t
I
av 0
, K 1
A 2 2 2 2
According to the process above, the check results are shown in the Table 38.
Table 38 Substructure member check
Broadside
Parameter
Diagonal brace
End-on side
Horizontal brace
Diagonal brace
Horizontal brace
B1
B2
Bh1
Bh2
Bh3
B1
B2
Bh1
Bh2
Bh3
L[m]
26.86
30.20
20.00
21.60
23.70
19.72
26.02
10.00
13.19
17.40
D[m]
0.81
0.91
0.51
0.51
0.56
0.61
0.81
0.25
0.30
0.41
t[m]
0.02
0.03
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
A[m2]
0.06
0.07
0.02
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.06
0.00
0.01
0.02
S[m3]
0.01
0.02
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.00
0.00
0.00
r[m]
0.28
0.31
0.18
0.18
0.19
0.21
0.28
0.09
0.10
0.14
0.99
0.99
1.18
1.27
1.27
0.97
0.96
1.18
1.30
1.29
FC[MPa]
260.13
260.19
225.15
205.26
204.93
263.88
265.40
225.15
198.30
201.42
FE[MPa]
350.60
350.87
248.27
212.94
212.44
366.82
373.81
248.27
202.84
207.24
PC[MN]
0.95
2.70
0.46
0.60
0.21
2.12
3.22
0.43
0.54
0.10
C[MPa]
17.24
38.10
23.05
30.45
7.88
71.69
58.28
87.66
61.51
6.16
M[MN.m]
0.58
0.58
0.25
0.20
0.20
0.15
0.30
0.05
0.06
0.09
b[MPa]
53.10
36.82
103.75
80.81
55.14
35.25
27.75
175.34
96.29
58.05
rule
0.22
0.28
0.42
0.42
0.19
0.43
0.34
1.16
0.72
0.19
38
Group 8
Due to the results we can find that only Bh1 does not meet the stability check and should be redesign again.
6.3.6
Punching shear check
In this section, we check the punching shear strength of the joints between leg and the main Diagonal at the top of the
jacket and at the bottom of the jacket on end-on side and broadside. We choose the Y-Joint model to check the shear
strength. The punching shear model is shown in Figure 20.
Figure 20 Punching shear model
When di d 0 2t0 ; N i , Rd
f y0
3
t0 di
1 sin i
/ M5
2sin 2 i
The punching shear check results are shown in Table 39 and Table 40
Table 39 Punching shear check for top leg joint
location
top leg joint with diagonal

brace
parameter
end-on side
broadside
t0[M]
0.02
0.02
di[M]
0.60
0.81
[Deg]
41.72
53.54
member
A0_D1
A0_B1
N1[MN]
15.94
15.77
Nb[MN]
2.12
0.95
status
satisfied
satisfied
39
Group 8
Table 40 Punching shear check for bottom leg joint

location
bottom leg joint with

diagonal brace
parameter
end-on side
broadside
t0[M]
0.02
0.02
di[M]
0.81
0.91
[Deg]
30.30
45.74
member
D1_A2
B1_A2
N1[MN]
33.41
21.28
Nb[MN]
3.22
2.70
status
satisfied
satisfied
7. Conclusion
A two bay jacket is designed in this project under specific condition. The parameter and calculation process are
well illustrated in this report with drawings in different views. Moreover, safety checks regarding the whole
structure as well as the components are also included.
The jacket is designed under Ultimate Limit State. For most of the cases the structure satisfy the safety check
requirements. However, it still needs optimization, for it fails some checks.
All in all, the phase 1 and phase 2 work are all accomplished with good results.
Reference
[1] J. H. Vugts. Handbook of Bottom Founded Offshore Structure, Volume I. Delft University of Technology. 2002.
[2] J.H. Vugts. Handbook of Bottom Founded Offshore Structure, Volume II. Delft University of Technology. 2002.
40
Group 8
List of tables
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Table 4
Table 5
Table 6
Table 7
Table 8
Table 9
Table 10
Table 11
Table 12
Table 13
Table 14
Table 15
Table 16
Table 17
Table 18
Table 19
Table 20
Table 21
Table 22
Table 23
Table 24
Table 25
Table 26
Table 27
Table 28
Table 29
Table 30
Table 31
Table 32
Table 33
Table 34
Table 35
Table 36
Table 37
Table 38
Table 39
Table 40
Required Meteorological Data and Load Specifications..2

Dimensions of members...6
Joints in the top plan.8
Joints in the middle plan...9
Joints in the lowermost plan.9
Diameter and wall thickness of members....11
Allocation of the ranges...15
Equivalent diameters of broad side......16
Equivalent diameters of end-on side....17
Equivalent diameters of diagonal side.....17
Environmental loads on End-on side...19
Environmental loads on Broad side.....19
Environmental loads on Diagonal side........20
Resultant hydrodynamic shear force and moment on seabed..20
Resultant hydrodynamic and wind induced shear force and moment on seabed....................20
Load Factors........22
Calculation moment due to permanent load....22
Moment due to wind load....23
Moment due to hydromechanics..23
Total load and moment on the jacket structure....23
Assumption and parameters required..24
Combined support reaction for total loading...26
Maximus pile loads..27
Checking of the pile for bending and axial force.29
Parameters used in calculation and checking of the leg segment29
Transferred wind load on substructure.....31
Lumped hydrodynamic load.32
Equivalent point forces causing by environmental load..32
Sectional shear and moments...32
Vertical section forces..33
Internal forces of broadside due to environmental load...34
Internal forces of end-on side due to environmental load....34
Summary internal member forces due to environmental loads....35
Vertical force on the substructure.36
Summary of internal member forces due to vertical loads...36
Summary of forces for substructure members..37
Lateral member loads37
Substructure member check..38
Punching shear check for top leg joint..39
Punching shear check for bottom leg joint...40
41
Group 8
List of figures
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11
Figure 12
Figure 13
Figure 14
Figure 15
Figure 16
Figure 17
Figure 18
Figure 19
Figure 20
Vertical end-on side..4

The labels of the structure5
The labels of the structure6
Angles between members....7
Bottom plan..7
The angles in three plans..8
Interface of the jacket and the jack-up rig...10
Transformation of joint coordinates....14
Allocation of the stick range...15
Loading directions...20
Applied load on the structure..21
Support reactions.24
Support forces and moments...26
Piles under influence of overturning moment in diagonal direction...27
Transfer wind loads to the substructure..30
Geometry method. ..31
Cross-section analysis.34
Vertical loads applied at substructure..35
Force analysis on point C and point D36
Punching shear model..39
42
OE4651BottomFoundedStructures
F. Phase1SummarySheet
Geometry
1. Elevations:
Dmax: 34.7 m
Dmin: 30 m
Ddeck: 41.5 m
1:
38 m
2:
22 m
3:
1 m
4:
2. Elevationhor.frames:
3. Piles:
Diameter:42 inch
Wall thickness:0.75 inch
Legs:
Diameter:48 inch
Wall thickness:0.875 inch.
DryWeight:
2.63 MN
Buoyancy:
1.85 MN
InplaceWeight:
0.78 MN..
4. Substructure:
HydrodynamicLoading(unfactored)
1. BaseShear:
Endon:
2.8 MN
Broadside:
3.2 MN
Diagonal:
2.7 MN
Endon:
61.0 MNm
Broadside:
70.5 MNm.
Diagonal:
60.7 MNm.
2. OverturningMoment:
OE4651BottomFoundedStructures
G. Phase2SummarySheet
VerticalLoads(factored)
1. Substructure:
DryWeight:
2.89 MN
Buoyancy:
1.85 MN
InplaceWeight:
1.04 MN
2. TopsidesWeightperpile:
HorizontalLoads(factored)
1. BaseShear:
1:4.59 MN
2:4.59 MN...
3:4.59 MN
4:4.59 MN......
Endon:
4.9 MN
Broadside:
5.0 MN.
Diagonal:
4.5 MN.
Endon:
178.0 MNm
Broadside:
173.1 MNm
Diagonal:
159.9 MNm
2. OverturningMoment:
MaximumSupportReactions
Compression,max(Pa,1): 11.28 MN
Tensile,max(Pa,2):
0.66 MN
Lateral,max(Pt):
1.18 MN
Moment,max(Pm):
2.46 MNm
PunchingShearCheck
Toplegjoint:
Bottomlegjoint:
Capacity:
15.94 MN..
Load:
2.12 MN...
Capacity:
33.41 MN.
3.22 MN
Load:

Primary Design of An Offshore Jacket Structure in English Channe

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OE4651-12 Bottom Founded Structure

Exercise Phase 1&2 Hand In

Yang Liu, Ang Li and Hao Tan

OE4651-12 Exercise Bottom Founded Structures

Design of an Offshore Jacket Structure

Structural Configuration ............................................................................................................................. 2

Primary Data Analysis ................................................................................................................................ 2

Deck Elevation ............................................................................................................................................ 3

Number of bays ........................................................................................................................................... 4

Geometry configuration .............................................................................................................................. 4

Horizontal Frame Lengths, Bay Heights and Bracing Angles .................................................................... 4

Diameter and wall thickness ......................................................................................................................11

Diameter calculation ..................................................................................................................................11

Wall thickness calculation ..........................................................................................................................11

Weight and buoyancy ................................................................................................................................ 13

Transformation of Joint Coordinate .......................................................................................................... 13

Selection of the stick range ....................................................................................................................... 14

Determination of the equivalent diameters of the various ranges ............................................................. 15

Estimation of the overall hydrodynamic loading ...................................................................................... 17

Structure Analysis ..................................................................................................................................... 21

Design Load .............................................................................................................................................. 21

Foundation Check ..................................................................................................................................... 23

OE4651-12 Exercise Bottom Founded Structures

Design of an Offshore Jacket Structure

Southern North Data

Astronomical tidal range

Positive storm surge

Negative storm surge

Marine growth layer thickness

Subsidence at the end of production life

OE4651-12 Exercise Bottom Founded Structures

Design of an Offshore Jacket Structure

Elevation of the topmost submerged frame

must remain flooded at all times

Initial pile diameter

Deck leg size

Wind load end-on direction

Wind load broadside direction

Yield stress of steel

Yield stress for piles(if increase required)

2.2 Deck Elevation

Deck Elevation = Dmax + 55% H max + air gap

OE4651-12 Exercise Bottom Founded Structures

Design of an Offshore Jacket Structure

Figure 1 Vertical end-on side

2.3.2 Geometry configuration

2.3.3 Horizontal Frame Lengths, Bay Heights and Bracing Angles

Distance between uppermost to lowermost frame, h=37m

Lengths of the horizontal frames,

OE4651-12 Exercise Bottom Founded Structures

Design of an Offshore Jacket Structure

Therefore, the length of the middle horizontal frame, b1 is:

Height of the bays:

Calculations of the angles of the diagonals:

tan 1 (h1 b 0.1 h ) 53.991

Figure 2 The labels of the structure

OE4651-12 Exercise Bottom Founded Structures

Design of an Offshore Jacket Structure

Figure 3 The labels of the structure

OE4651-12 Exercise Bottom Founded Structures

Design of an Offshore Jacket Structure

Figure 4 Angles between members

VERTICAL END-ON SIDE