What is 5G?

5G is the next phase of mobile telecommunications standards which serve as a follow

up to current standard. With each generation, wireless companies have continuously improving
the bandwidth and service quality of mobile industry. For the sake of speed comparison,
Huawei said that 5G will allow you to download an eight gigabyte HD movie in six
seconds versus the seven minutes it would take over 4G or more than an hour on 3G. However,
5G is much more than just faster data speeds on your mobile devices. It also opens the door to
a lot of different consumer and industrial applications and uses, some of which seem
unbelievable now because theyre so futuristic. The Next Generation Mobile Networks
Alliance defines the following requirements for 5G networks:
1. Data rates of tens of megabits per second for tens of thousands of users
2. 1 Gb per second simultaneously to many workers on the same office floor
3. Several hundreds of thousands of simultaneous connections for massive wireless sensor
network
4. Spectral efficiency significantly enhanced compared to 4G
5. Coverage improved
6. Signalling efficiency enhanced
7. Latency reduced significantly compared to LTE.
Advantages & Disadvantages of 5G
Advantage
Disadvantage
High resolution and bi-directional large
Technology is still in its infancy and
bandwidth shaping.
research on its viability is still going on.
Ability to gather all networks on one
platform.

The speed, this technology is claiming

seems difficult to achieve because of the
incompetent technological support in
most parts of the world.

More effective and efficient.

Many of the old devices would not be

competent to 5G, hence, all of them need
to be replaced with new one
expensive deal.

Technology to facilitate subscriber

supervision tools for the quick action.

Developing infrastructure needs high

cost.

Most likely, will provide a huge

broadcasting data (in Gigabit), which
will
support more than 60,000
connections.

Security and privacy issue yet to be

solved.

Easily manageable with the previous

generations.

Higher speed is useless due to data caps.

5G Technologies How Does It Work

1. Carrier Aggregation
Carrier aggregation is a technique used in LTE advanced to improve the system
efficiency. In carrier aggregation, two or more carrier signals are aggregated to support wider
bandwidth which allows even up to 100 MHz
Carrier aggregation uses three techniques for aggregation: Intra-band contiguous: two
carriers are transmitted at neighbouring channels (as in the figure). Intra-band non-contiguo us :
two carriers are transmitter with channel spacing. Inter-band: In this technique different LTE
bands are used for transmission simultaneously.
2. Small Cell Concept
In order to increase network efficiency, the cell is sub divided into micro and Pico cells.
Spectrum reusability allows to adding more users in a small geographical area and handle
network more efficiently.
3. MIMO Concept
MIMO is a transmission technology with the usage of multiple antennas for
transmission and reception. Simultaneous data transfer is possible using this technology thus
offer efficient data rate. The more the number of antennas, the more transmission and reception
can be done.
4. Wi-Fi off loading
Wi-fi offloading is one the main feature of the future networks. It allows the user to
connect to network using wi-fi network and the cellular network can be allocated to other users.
It would be suitable for some places where cellular network quality is poor and user still have
the option to connect to the network without cellular reception.
5. Device to device communication
D2D communication is technique where network authorize two adjacent devices
communicate each other directly. Network will have the control over the devices and allows
an operator to determine the traffic routing between direct and network path. During the absents
of network, one devices can connect to another device.

5G Simulator/program
As mention above, the 5G use the concept of MIMO, with the usage of multip le
antennas for transmission and reception, simultaneous data transfer is possible at an efficie nt
data rate. The more the number of antennas, the more transmission and reception can be done.
The Matlab code shown below demonstrate the achievable rate of MIMO receivers for fast
fading channel. In this case the number of transmit and receive antenna is four.
Matlab code:
clear all
It = 10000; % number of channel realization
M=4; % Number of transmit and receive antennas
% SNR range in dB
SNRdBvalues = [-10:2:30]; % SNR = ratio between total transmit power and noise variance
% initialize variables: maximal achievable rate for one SNR value and one channel realization
Cmf
= zeros(1,It);
Czf
= zeros(1,It);
Cmmse
= zeros(1,It);
Csic
= zeros(1,It);
SNRidx = 0;
for SNRdB=SNRdBvalues
SNRdB
SNRidx = SNRidx + 1;
SNR=10^(SNRdB/10);
% compute maximal achievable rate
for kk=1:It
% generate channel realization
H = (randn(M)+j*randn(M))/sqrt(2);
% Matched filter
for ii=1:M
% output SNR for each stream
hi = H(:,ii);
Hib = H; Hib(:,ii)=zeros(M,1);
SNRi(ii) = real( ( abs(hi'*hi)^2) / (hi'*Hib*Hib'*hi + hi'*hi/SNR*M) );
end
Cmf(kk) = sum ( log2( 1 + SNRi) ); % maximal achievable rate
%% Zero-Forcing
Dzf
= inv(H'*H)/SNR*M;
SNRzf
= real( diag(1./diag(Dzf)) );% output SNR (diagonal matrix)
Czf(kk) = log2( det(eye(M) + SNRzf) );% maximal achievable rate
%% MMSE
Dmmse
= inv(H'*H + eye(M)/SNR*M);
SNRmmse = real( diag(1./diag(Dmmse))*SNR/M -eye(M) );% output SNR (diagonal matrix)
Cmmse(kk) = real(log2(det(eye(M) + SNRmmse)));% maximal achievable rate
%% SIC
Csic(kk) = real(log2(det(eye(M) + SNR/M*H*H')));
end
% average over all channel realizations for a given SNR value
Mmf(SNRidx)
= mean(Cmf);
Mzf(SNRidx)
= mean(Czf);
Mmmse(SNRidx)
= mean(Cmmse);
Msic(SNRidx)
= mean(Csic);
end
Mmf
Mzf
Mmmse
Msic
% plot
figure(1)
plot(SNRdBvalues, Mmf,'k')
hold on
plot(SNRdBvalues, Mzf,'b')
hold on
plot(SNRdBvalues, Mmmse,'m')
plot(SNRdBvalues, Msic,'r')
title('Achievable rate of MIMO receivers for i.i.d. fast fading channel' )
xlabel('Average SNR \rho (dB)')
ylabel('Achievable rate (bits/transmission)')
legend('Matched Filter','Zero-Forcing', 'MMSE','SIC',2)
grid
hold off

Results

Discussion and conclusion

From the informations collected in this report, it can be said that the 5G technology
offers enormous potential for both consumers and industry because this technology is
considerably faster than the existing technologies. As shown in the results above, the
achievable rate for MIMO receiver is increased exponentially with respect to average signal to
noise ratio. This gives us a clear picture of what the 5G technology capable of in the future.
Some of the requirements identified for 5G can be enabled by 4G or other networks. However,
the technical requirements that necessitate a true generational shift to 5G will be challenging
and needs a further research and field testing while at the same time 4G technology will
continue to expand and evolve. In conclusions, there are many initiatives and discussions on
5G going on around the globe. In these case we must ensure that we continue to coordinate ,
compete and contribute with the aligned goals to maintain the momentum in completing the
definition of 5G in the future for future generations.
Reference
[1].

Arun Agarwal, Gourav Misra, Kabita Agarwal, Department of Electronics and

Communication Engineering, Institute of Technical Education & Research, Siksha O
Anusandhan University, Khandagiri Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, The 5th
Generation Mobile Wireless Networks- Key Concepts, Network Architecture and
Challenges

[2].

http://personal.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/T.Brown/MIMObook/ MIMO Book MATLAB

Examples

[3].

GSMA Intelligence, December 2014, Understanding 5G: Perspectives on future

technological advancements in mobile

MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS
ASSIGNMENT 1

GROUP
MEMBERS

GROUP NAME
SECTION
TITLE
LECTURER

1. MOHD SYAZWAN BIN LOKMAN HAKIM (1221487)

2. MUHAMMAD KHALIF BIN MAT ZAIN (1223209)
3. MUHAMMAD IRHAM BIN NAZRI (1222421)
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HOW ABOUT 5G?
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