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Assignment 2
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN REPORT FOR A
INDUSTRIAL BUILDING IN VISAKHAPATNAM
DESIGN REPORT
GROUP 2
M. VINOD KUMAR
CE11B034
ATHIRA C.K
CE14M061
HISHAM ABDULLA
CE11B087
G. DIVAKAR
CE14M066
MOHD ABSAR SIDDIQUI CE14M073
CONTENTS
1. DESIGN BASIS REPORT
2. LOAD CALCULATIONS
3. MODELING IN SAP
4. MODELING RESULTS
5. DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
Project Description
The building to be designed as an industrial enclosure located at Visakhapatnam. It has
following units.
- Light weight north light roof
- Double girder 50t EOT crane
- Gantry girder
- RC columns and beams
- Isolated footing
- 4 Openings of 4.5m 4m
Dimensions of different floors:
Dimensions of the basement floor:
36 X 20 m
Description
Roofing
Galvanized Steel Sheet (0.5mm thick)
3.75 kg/m3
20 kN/m3
B) Live Loads
Reference: IS: 875 (Part-2)-1987
Inclination of roof = 15.524o
Live Load LL=0.75-.02(15.52-10) = .64kN/m2
C) Wind Loads
The wind pressure has been calculated based on the data furnished below and other provisions laid
in IS: 875 (Part 3)-1987
Parameters for wind load calculationsSite Location
: Visakhapatnam
Risk Coefficient K1
Terrain Category
50 m/s
= 2
Class of Structure
Class B
Factor
K2
Topography factor
K3 = 1.0
F) CRANE LOAD
Load Case
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
LOAD COMBINATIONS
DEAD LOAD (DL)
LIVE LOAD (LL)
WIND LOAD X WLX
WIND LOAD Y WLY
CRANE LOAD (CL)
1.5(DL+IL)+1.05CL
1.2(DL+IL)+1.05CL+WL
1.2(DL+IL)+1.05CL-WL
1.2(DL+IL+WL)+0.53CL
1.2(DL+IL-WL)+0.53CL
1.5(DL+WL)
1.5(DL-WL)
0.9DL+1.5WL
0.9DL-1.5WL
DL+0.35(IL+CL)
DL+LL
DL+WL
DL-WL
DL+LL-WL
DL+LL+WL
DL+WL+CL
DL-WL+CL
ANALYSIS METHOD
The given structure shall be analyzed for Static, Crane and Lateral loads due to Earthquake/Wind loads
and its combinations.
The analysis shall be done with the standard softwares such as SAP2000.
DESIGN ASSUMPTIONS
All R.C.C. structures will be designed according to the Limit State method as specified in IS:
456-2000.
Design of the structure shall be done for the worst combination of the forces and moments
obtained from the analysis.
CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
1) The building is Industrial structure with Steel Roof Truss and RCC Columns and beams.
2) Galvanized Steel Sheets are provided covering the Roof Truss.
3) Grade of Concrete:
M30 grade concrete shall be used for foundation/column/beams/slabs etc.
Concrete design Mix as per IS 456-2000
5) Reinforcements: Grade Fe500 steel shall be used as per IS 1786.
6) Grade 43 cement shall be used.
7) Beam dimensions:
All floor beams = 250x500
8) Column dimensions:
Columns = 350mm x 600mm
9) Truss member - Fe 250 hot rolled tubular sections.
MATERIAL
Reference: IS: 875 (part 1)-1987
Steel - 350grade for purlins, connection plates and 310 grade for truss members
Concrete - M30 grade
Materials
Steel
78.50
Reinforced Concrete
25
Plain Concrete
24
Soil
20
Water
10
Brick Block
18
Column= 40mm
FOUNDATION SYSTEM
Safe bearing capacity of the soil is 200 kN/m2
Isolated Footings are provided for all the Columns.
Piles will be installed so that the foundation can be treated as a fixed system.
DESCRIPTION
IS:875 (Part-1)-1987
IS:875 (Part-2)-1987
IS:875 (Part-3)-1987
IS:875 (Part-5)-1987
IS:456 - 2000
IS:1786-1985
IS:1904
SP:34 -1987
SP:6
IS 800:2007
LOAD CALCULATIONS
: Visakhapatnam
Risk Coefficient K1
Terrain Category
50 m/s
= 2
Class of Structure
Class B
Factor
K2
Topography factor
K3 = 1.0
Pz(kPa)
0-10
1.45
10-15
1.57
15-17.5
1.61
Wind direction
F=(Cpe-Cpi)*Ae*Pd(kN/m)
B
W0(+1)
-2.38
-2.38
-1.52
-1.52
-1.52
-1.08
-1.3
W0(+2)
-2.38
-2.38
0.65
0.22
0.65
-1.3
W0(-1)
-1.52
-1.52
-0.65
-0.65
-0.65
-0.22
-0.44
W0(-2)
-1.52
-1.52
0.87
1.52
1.08
1.52
-0.44
W180(+1)
-0.87
-1.08
-0.87
-1.3
-1.3
-1.95
-1.08
W180(+2)
-1.08
-1.3
-1.3
-1.95
-1.08
W180(-1)
-0.22
-0.44
-0.44
-1.08
-0.22
W180(-2)
0.87
-0.22
0.87
-0.44
-0.44
-1.08
-0.22
Table 2: Calculations of Design Wind Force in different directions on Mono Slope Trusses
Cpe-Cpi
F(kN/m)
15
15
W90(+)
-1.35
-0.85
-2.92
-1.84
W90(-)
-0.95
-0.45
-2.05
-0.98
Table 2: Calculations of Design Wind Force in different directions on Mono Slope Trusses.
0-12m
Right(kN)
Top(kN)
Bottom(kN)
Left(kN)
W0(+1)
11.68
23.36
-18.36
-36.72
-18.36
-36.72
-7.04
-14.08
W0(+2)
11.68
23.36
-18.36
-36.72
-18.36
-36.72
-7.04
-14.08
W0(-1)
20.96
41.92
-7.92
-15.84
-7.92
-15.84
2.4
4.8
W0(-2)
20.96
41.92
-7.92
-15.84
-7.92
-15.84
2.4
4.8
W180(+1)
-7.04
-14.08
-18.36
-36.72
-18.36
-36.72
11.68
23.36
W180(+2)
-7.04
-14.08
-18.36
-36.72
-18.36
-36.72
11.68
23.36
W180(-1)
2.4
4.8
-7.92
-15.84
-7.92
-15.84
20.96
41.92
W180(-2)
2.4
4.8
-7.92
-15.84
-7.92
-15.84
20.96
41.92
W90(+)
-20.96
-41.92
13.14
26.28
-13.14
-26.28
-20.96
-41.92
W90(-)
-11.68
-23.36
23.58
47.16
-2.7
-5.4
-11.68
-23.36
Vertical loads
Load on each wheel W1= Wt (Lc-L1)/ (Lc 2) = 635
18.81
18.8 2
Wc 400
=
=100 kN
4
4
63.5
=16 kN
4
=301kN
401
=20 kN
100
W= 376.3+125 =501kN
4
4
=501.3 2
=557 kN
4.5
4.5
C
L
= 16 2
4
=17.77 kN
4.5
H= 2 Wg=2 20=40 kN
Moment per wheel at CG of gantry girder =20(0.15+0.3) = 9kNm
Ra=
9
=4 kN
4.5
MODELING IN SAP
We modelled this Industrial building in SAP using Grids. We provided Moment releases in Trusses.
Span=3910mm --OK
In Horizontal direction - Span/thickness=25
Span=5750mm-- OK
Wind Loads are calculated and applied on the specific Wind Direction.
MODELING RESULTS
Figure 19: Axial Force Diagram due to Wind Load (90+) in Secondary Truss.
DESIGN OF PURLINS
The critical load combination for design of purlins is 0.9DL+1.5WL (90+)
Design for load combination 0.9DL+1.5WL (90+)
Compression = 20kN, Minor axis BM = 0.2 kNm, Major axis BM = 13.2 kNm
Design for compression
Lets check whether section ISMB100 is adequate to take the compression load of 20 kN
Unsupported length of the member, l = 1000 mm
Effective length of the member, leff = l = 1000 mm (since the member is hinged at both ends)
Minimum radius of gyration, rmin = 16.717 mm
Slenderness ration, leff/rmin = (1000/16.717) = 59.82 (<180) from Table 3 of IS 800:2007
Buckling class a (from table 10 of IS 800:2007)
Imperfection factor, = 0.21 (from Table 7 of IS 800:2007)
From Table 8(a) of code IS 800:2007, stress reduction factor, = 0.798
Design compressive stress of the member, fcd = *fy/mo = (0.798*350)/1.1 = 253.8MPa
Design compressive force of the member = fcd*Ag = 257.1*1460 = 370.5kN (>20kN), Hence
safe
LT
= 1/(0.7+sqrt(0.7x0.7-0.57x0.57)) = 0.9
= (20/444)+(0.6x1.032x1x0.2/3.5)+(1.0052x1x13.2/14.9)
= 0.882(<1), hence safe.
Load Combination
deflection (mm)
DL+LL
-17.708
DL+WL(0+)
28.454
DL+WL(0-)
13.72
DL+WL(90+)
30.573
DL+WL(90-)
26.855
Table 6: Deflection of Purlins for Service Loads.
So, the deflections are within the limit specified by IS 800:2007 => the serviceability limit state is
satisfied
Main Truss:
Vertical deflections
The maximum allowable vertical deflection = span/300 from Table 6 of IS 800:2007
= 20000/300 = 67mm
The vertical deflections due to serviceable loads are presented below in the form of a table
Load Combination Vertical deflection (mm)
DL+LL
-32.708
DL+W(0+)
21.454
DL+W(0-)
13.72
DL+W(90+)
15.573
DL+W(90-)
26.855
Table 7: Vertical Deflection of Main Truss for Service Loads.
So, the vertical deflections are within the limit specified by IS 800:2007 => the serviceability limit state is
satisfied
Lateral deflections
The maximum allowable lateral deflection = span/300 from Table 6 of IS 800:2007
= 20000/300 = 67mm
The lateral deflections due to serviceable loads are presented below in the form of a table
Load Combination
Lateral deflection (mm)
DL+LL
-2.708
DL+W(0+)
11.352
DL+W(0-)
13.721
DL+W(90+)
14.5
DL+W(90-)
16.574
Table 8: Lateral Deflection of Main Truss for Service Loads.
So, the lateral deflections are within the limit specified by IS 800:2007 => the serviceability limit state is
satisfied.
DESIGN OF CONNECTIONS
There are two types of connections used in the structure
1. Hinged connection (top and bottom chords of the truss to web members of Main truss)
2. Hinged connection (top and bottom chords of the main truss to columns)
Design of Type-I connection:
The maximum tensile force in the web members of the secondary truss at grid Y=15 is 171kN. So for this,
the gusset plate connection is designed, and it is adopted for all the web members to connect to the top or
bottom chords of the secondary truss.
The design checks the connection must be checked for is bearing failure of the gusset plate, shear failure
of the bolt, gross yielding of the connecting plates.
Design check for bearing failure of gusset plate
End distance, e = 34mm
Pitch distance, p = 34mm,
Diameter of the hole, do = 22mm
Diameter of the bolt, d = 20mm
Ultimate tensile strength of the plate, fu = 490MPa
Ultimate strength of the bolt, fub = 1000Mpa (10.8 grade)
Kb = smaller of (e/ (3do)), (p/ (3do))-0.25, (fub/fu), 1.0 = 0.52
The bearing strength of the plate = 2.5kbdtfu/1.25
= 2.5x0.52x20x20x490/1.25
= 196kN (>171kN), hence safe.
Design of the shear failure of the bolt:
The bolt connecting the gusset plates and the web members is in double shear.
20mm diameter bolt of 10.8 Grade is used.
The design shear strength of the bolt = fu*n*An/1.25
= (1000/sqrt (3))*2*(3.14*20*20/4)/1.25
= 290KN (>171kN), hence safe
The required area of the shear lug Alg = V/(0.45fck) = (134x1000)/(0.45x30) = 9925mm2
Lets take shear lug of dimensions 200mm width (W) and 75mm depth (H)
Assuming a grout depth of 25mm
The cantilever end moment at joint with the base plate, Mlg = ((134x1000)/200) x (75)/2
= 25125 N-mm
The required thickness of the shear lug, tlg = sqrt (4*Mlg*1.1/fy) = 17.77 mm,
Hence adopt thickness as 20mm.
All connection Details are provided in A2 Sheet.
DESIGN OF CORBEL
Loads on corbel
Factored vertical load Vu =1.05 557 = 585kN
Factored Horizontal load Nuc = 1.05 18 =19kN
Distance of vertical load from the face of column av = 600mm
Geometry of corbel
Area of tension reinforcement required Asc = max ([(2 Avf) / 3] + An, Af + An) = 1617mm2
Minimum area of tension reinforcement Asc, min = 0.04 f c b d / fy = 899 mm2
(Ref 11.9.3.5 of ACI 318- 05)
Asc,req = max(Asc, Asc_min) = 1617 mm2
Provide 5-22 mm diameter bars as main reinforcement (Ast provided = 1900 mm2)
Design of horizontal reinforcement
DESIGN OF COLUMNS
Design of Column-1
Minimum eccentricities
ex, min = l/500 +Dx/30 =50>20
------
ey, min = l/500 +Dx/30 =19.67<20 hence take ey, min =20mm
Primary moments for design
Mx= 440 kNm
My=107 kNm
Additional eccentricities
eax=Dx(lex/Dx)2/2000 = 120mm
eay=Dy(ley/Dy)2/2000 = 11.2mm
Additional moments
Max =Pu x kax x eax =1119x1x0.12= 134.28 kNm
May =Pu x kay x eay =1119x1x0.0112= 12.53 kNm
Total factored moments
(Clause25.4, IS456)
d=64 mm
d/D = 0.18 0.2
p/fck =0.08
Longitudinal steel
p = 0.08 x 30 = 2.4%
Ascreqd. = 2.4 x 350 x 600/100 = 5040mm2
Provide 10 28 mm
Asc, prov =6157mm2
p/fck (provided)= 2.9/30 = 0.096
Puby=1386kN
Checking of section
p/fck =0.096
Pu/fckbD=0.177
d/Dx =.106
d/Dy =0.18
M ux1/ fckbD2=0.2
M ux1=756> MMux
M uy1=604> MMuy
n =1.035
(574.28/756)1.035 + (119.5/604)1.035 =0.93<1 ----- Hence OK.
Provide lateral ties of 10mm diameter at 300mm spacing
Design of Column-2
Design combination 1.2(DL+IL+WL00 (-1))
Pu= 468kN
Mx= 456 kNm
My=0kNm
Steel grade -Fe 500, concrete grade M30
Assume a trial section of 350x600
Dx = 600mm, Dy=350mm
Slenderness ratio
Lex= 0.8x15000 =12000mm (one end fixed and other end hinged)
Ley= 0.7x4000 =2800mm (partial fixity at both ends)
Lex/Dx= 20>12
Ley/Dy=8<12
Hence the column is slender in one direction
Minimum eccentricities
------
(clause25.4, IS456)
ey, min = l/500 +Dx/30 =19.67<20 hence take ey, min =20mm
Primary moments for design
Mx= 456 kNm
My=0 kNm
Additional moments
Additional eccentricities
eax=Dx(lex/Dx)2/2000 = 120mm
Max =Pu x kax x eax =468x1x0.12= 46.16 kNm
kax=1 as Pu < Pb
d=62.5 mm
d/D = 0.1
p/fck = 0.06
Longitudinal steel
p = 0.06 x 30 = 1.8%
Asc, reqd. = 1.8 x 350 x 600/100 = 3780mm2
Provide 10 22 mm
Asc, prov =3801mm2
p/fck (provided) = 1.87/30 = 0.062
Check additional moments
d/Dx =0.1
Pubx/ fckbDx =0.25 Pubx=1572 kN
Puz =0.45fck x Ag + (0.75fy-0.45fck) As
Puz =4254.6 kN
Modification factor
(Puz- Pu) / (Puz- Pubx) =1.4>1
----- Hence OK.
Provide lateral ties of 10mm diameter at 300mm spacing.
DESIGN OF BEAMS
Two types of beams are used in the design of building, one in longitudinal direction and other in
transverse direction. Designs are based on the maximum load combinations, obtained from the SAP2000.
M30 concrete and Fe500 steel are used in the design.
@Mid support:
Mu/bd2 = 1.34.
From the interpolation of values in Table 56, SP: 16
Pt = .6 and Pc = 0 is provided.
Three 16mm diameter Fe500 bar @72mm spacing is provided as tension reinforcement at the bottom of
section and two 16mm diameter bar is provided at the top corner of section with a clear cover of 30 mm
from both edges.
Vu = 84 kN
Shear stress of concrete: 0.68 N/mm2 (From Table 61, SP: 16)
Design shear force Vus = 22.8 kNm
As the design shear force is less, nominal shear reinforcement is given based on the IS456.
Two 6mm diameter Fe500 bar is used as vertical stirrups at 200mm spacing. (200mm < 0.75d=202 mm)
DESIGN OF FOUNDATION
Two types of Footings Footing-1 and Footing-2are designed for 2 Columns Column-1 and Column-2
respectively.
Design of Footing 1
Size of Footing
Pu = 971kN, Mux= 385kNm, qa = 200 kN/m2 at a depth of 1.5 m.
Assuming the weight of the footing plus backfill to constitute about 15 percent of Pu, resultant
eccentricity of loading at footing base,
9711.15
BL
385
2
+ BL
6
(200) kN/m2
Provide B = 3100 mm and L = 3100 mm; this gives projection of 1250 mm in X direction and 1375mm in
Y direction.
971
3.13.1
971
3.13.1
3856
2
3.13.1
3856
3.13.12
= 178.6 kN/m2
= 23.5kN/m2
One-way Shear
The critical section is located d away from the column face
The average pressure contributing to the factored one-way shear,
qu = 178.6 (23.5 * (1250-d)/2)/1550
Assuming d=500mm we get qu= 0.173N/mm2
Vu1 = 0.173 x 3100 (1250 - d)
Assuming c = 0.4 (pt = 0.3) (For M30 Concrete and Fe500 Steel)
Vuc = 0.4 x 3100 x d
Using Vu1 Vuc we get d 357mm
Two-way Shear
The critical section is located d/2 from the periphery of the column all around.
The average pressure contributing to the factored two-way shear is, qu = 0.128N/mm2
Vu2 = 0.128 x (3100 x 3100 (350 + d) (600 + d))
cz = ks(0.25 f ck ), ks = 0.5 + 350/600, but limited to 1.0
cz =1.37
Vuc = 1.37x ((350+d) + (600+d)) x 2 x d
Vu2 Vuc
d 300mm
So clearly One-Way Shear governs
Clear cover = 75mm
Diameter of bar = 16mm
Provide D = 450mm
Design of flexural reinforcement
In X Direction,
Cantilever projection = 1250mm
Width = 3100mm
d = D d/2 clear cover = 367mm
qu = 0.1786N/mm2 at footing edge
qu = 0.13785N/mm2 at face of column
1250 2
Mu = (0.13785 x 3100 x
) + (0. 1786-0. 13785) x 0.5 x 3100 x 12502 x
2
R= Mu/bd2= 0.975MPa
2
3
= 399.65kNm
In Y Direction,
Cantilever projection = 1375mm
Width = 3100mm
d = D d/2 clear cover - d= 351mm
Average qu = (0.13785 + 0.1786)/2 = 0.1582N/mm2
1375 2
Mu = (0.158 x 3100 x
) = 463kNm
2
R= Mu/bd2= 1.2MPa
Which gives pt = 0.29
Therefore assumed pt = 0.3 is O.K.
Ast, reqd = 3413mm2
Diameter of bar = 16 mm
Provide 16mm diameter bars @ equal spacing i.e. @180 c/c
Detailing of Footing 1 is given in A2 Sheet.
Design of Footing 2
Size of Footing
Pu = 363kN, Mux= 363kNm, qa = 200 kN/m2 at a depth of 1.5 m.
c = 25 kN/m3 s = 20 kN/m3
Eccentricity e = M/P = 1000mm
As eccentricity is very high we will design an Eccentric Footing.
Minimum Area required A= P/(qa-(c-s)D) = 1.9 m2
As eccentricity is very high, we take B = 1000 mm and L = 3500 mm
Provide B = 1000 mm and L = 3500 mm; this gives projection of 2450 mm in X direction and 325mm in
Y direction.
363
3.51
= 103.7 kN/m2
One-way Shear
The critical section is located d away from the column face
The average pressure contributing to the factored one-way shear,
Vu1 = 0.1037x 1000 (2450 - d)
Assuming c = 0.4 (pt = 0.3) (For M30 Concrete and Fe500 Steel)
Vuc = 0.4 x 1000 x d
Using Vu1 Vuc we get d 504.4mm
Two-way Shear
The critical section is located d/2 from the periphery of the column all around.
Vu2 = 0.1037 x (3500 x 1000 (350 + d)(600 + d))
cz = ks (0.25 f ck ), ks = 0.5 + 350/600, but limited to 1.0
cz =1.37
Vuc = 1.37x ((350+d) + (600+d)) x 2 x d
Vu2 Vuc
d 300mm
So clearly One-Way Shear governs
Clear cover = 75mm
Diameter of bar = 16mm
Provide D = 600mm
Design of flexural reinforcement
In X Direction,
Cantilever projection = 2450mm
Width = 1000mm
d = D d/2 clear cover = 517mm
qu = 0.1037N/mm2 considered uniformly.
2450 2
Mu = (0.1037 x 1000 x
) = 311.23kNm
2
R= Mu/bd2= 1.16MPa
Which gives pt = 0.28
Therefore assumed pt = 0.3 is O.K.
Ast, reqd = 0.3 * 1000 * 517/100 = 1551mm2
Diameter of bar = 16 mm
Provide 8-16mm diameter bars @ equal spacing 120mm c/c
In Y Direction,
Cantilever projection = 325mm
Width = 3500mm
d = D d/2 clear cover-d = 501mm
qu = 0.1037N/mm2 considered uniformly.
325
) = 38.34kNm
2
R= Mu/bd2= 0.04MPa < Rmin
Ast, min = 0.0012 * 3500 * 600 = 2520mm2.
Diameter of bar = 16 mm
Provide 13-16mm diameter bars @ equal spacing i.e. @ 275mm c/c
Mu = (0.1037 x 3500 x
Number
Weight(kg/m)
Length(m)
Weight(kg)
ISNB100M
12.17
20
1947.2
ISNB80M
28
8.4
2.5
588
ISNB80M
32
8.4
3.535
950.21
Total
3485.41
Secondary Truss
Member
Number
Weight(kg/m)
Length(m)
Weight(kg)
ISNB80M
20
8.4
9.34
1569.12
ISNB80M
20
8.4
1512
ISNB50M
20
5.03
0.37
37.23
ISNB50M
20
5.03
1.527
153.62
ISNB50M
20
5.03
0.7413
74.58
ISNB50M
20
5.03
1.737
174.75
ISNB50M
20
5.03
1.112
111.87
ISNB50M
20
5.03
201.2
ISNB50M
20
5.03
1.483
149.19
ISNB50M
20
5.03
2.29
230.38
Purlins
Member
Number
Weight(kg/m)
Length(m)
Weight(kg)
ISMB100
96
11.5
5520
ISNB20L
240
1.4
1.33
446.88
Bracings
Member
Number
Weight(kg/m)
Length(m)
Weight(kg)
ISRO28
32
4.83
5.3
819.17
Type
Weight(kg)
Cost(Rs.)
Main Truss
3485.41
209124.6
Secondary truss
6624.45
397467
Purlins
5966.88
358012.8
Total
16076.74
964604.4
Item
Quantity
Cost
(Rupees)
Concrete
475 m3
32 Lakhs
Roof steel
16.1 tonnes
9.64 Lakhs
Steel Reinforcement
5.7 tonnes
4 Lakhs
Sheeting
747.2 m2
7.5 Lakhs
Connections
3 Lakhs
57 Lakhs