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SUMMARY OF THE PROBABILITY

DISTRIBUTIONS
All in one Place! . . .

In this section, we summarize the probability distributions introduced in this book.

The probability mass functions and probability density functions are given, as well as
their means and variances.
BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION

Discrete

We have n independent trials, each trial has two outcomes, success of failure,
and Pr[success] = p for all trials. The random variable X is the number of
successes in n trials; n 1 must be an integer, and 0 p 1. Then X has
the binomial distribution, i.e. X B(n, p), with probability mass function

x
nx x = 0, 1, . . . , n
p(x) = n
x p (1 p)
=0
otherwise
Var[X] = np(1 p)

E[X] = np

POISSON DISTRIBUTION

Discrete

Events occur at random in time, with an average rate of events per time
period (or space). The random variable X is a count of the number of events
occurring during a fixed interval of time (or space). The time period (or amount
of space) referred to in the rate must be the same as the time period (or space) in
which events are counted. Then X has the Poisson distribution with parameter
> 0, i.e. X P (), and has probability mass function
e x
x!
=0

p(x) =

E[X] =

x = 0, 1, 2, . . .
otherwise
Var[X] =

319

320

INTROSTAT
EXPONENTIAL DISTRIBUTION

Continuous

As for the Poisson distribution, events occur at random with average rate per
unit of time (or space). Let the continuous random variable X be the interval
between two events. X has the exponential distribution with parameter ,
i.e. X E(), with probability density function
f (x) = ex x 0
=0
otherwise
E[X] =

Var[X] =

1
2

NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

Continuous

The normal distribution with parameters ( < < ) and 2 ( > 0)

is a continuous random variable X , denoted X N (, 2 ), with probability
density function
f (x) =

1
2 2

12

E[X] =

2

<x<

Var[X] = 2

The standard normal distribution is a continuous random variable Z , and has

= 0, = 1. The probability density function is
1 2
1
e 2 z
f (x) =
2

E[X] = 0

<x<
Var[X] = 1

NEGATIVE BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION

Discrete

As for the binomial distribution, we have independent trials, each with two
outcomes, success or failure; Pr[success] = p for each trial. Fix the number of
successes r , and let the random variable X be the number of failures obtained
before the r th success. Then X has the negative binomial distribution with
parameters r and p, i.e. X N B(r, p), with probability mass function


x+r1
p(x) =
pr q x x = 0, 1, 2, . . .
x
=0
otherwise
E[X] =

r(1 p)
p

Var[X] =

r(1 p)
p2

321

CHAPTER 12. SUMMARY OF THE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS

GEOMETRIC DISTRIBUTION

Discrete

Under the same conditions as for the negative binomial distribution, let the
random variable X be the number of trials before the first success. Then X has
the geometric distribution with parameter p, X G(p), and has probability
mass function
p(x) = pq x x = 0, 1, 2, . . .
=0
otherwise
E[X] =

(1 p)
p

Var[X] =

(1 p)
p2

HYPERGEOMETRIC DISTRIBUTION

Discrete

Given N objects, of which M are are of type 1 and N M of type 2, a sample

of size n (n N ) is drawn. Let the random variable X be the number of
objects of type 1 in the sample. Then X has the hypergeometric distribution,
X H(N, M, n), with probability mass function
 
  
M
N M . N
p(x) =
x = 0, 1, . . . , n
x
nx
n
=0
otherwise
nM
E[X] =
N

M
Var[X] = n
N

M
1
N



UNIFORM DISTRIBUTION

N n
N 1


Continuous

If the continuous random variable X is equally likely to take on any value in

the interval (a, b), then X has the uniform distribution, X U (a, b), with
probability density function
1
ba
=0

f (x) =

E[X] =

a+b
2

axb
otherwise

Var[X] =

(b a)2
12

322

INTROSTAT
THE t, F and 2 DISTRIBUTIONS

Continuous

For completeness sake, we state the probability density functions of these three
distributions. The t-distribution with parameters n, the degrees of freedom, is
a continous random variable with probability density function


1 [(n + 1)/2]
f (x) =
n
(n/2)

x2
1+
n

(n+1)/2

<x<

n
n2
The F -distribution with parameters n1 and n2 , the degrees of freedom for the
numerator and denominator respectively, is a continuous random variable with
probability density function
E[X] = 0

[(n1 + n2 )/2]
f (x) =
(n1 /2)(n2 /2)
=0
E[X] =

Var[X] =

n1
n2

(n1 /2)

n2
n2 2

x(n1 /2)1
(1 + nn12 x)(n1 +n2 )/2

0<x<
otherwise

Var[X] =

2n22 (n1 + n2 2)
n1 (n2 2)2 (n2 4)

The 2 -distribution with parameter n, the degrees of freedom, is a continuous

random variable with probability density function
f (x) =

1
2n/2 (n/2)

xn/21 ex/2 0 < x <

=0

otherwise

E[X] = n

Var[X] = 2n

(n) is defined to be (n 1)! if n is an integer. If n +

1
2

is an integer, then

1 3 5 (2n 1)
1

(n + ) =
2
2n
so that
(4) = 3! = 6

and

(2.5) =

1 3
= 1.329
22

TABLES

Table 1

Standard normal distribution

t-distribution

Chi-squared distribution

4.1

F -distribution (5% points)

4.2

F -distribution (2.5% points)

4.3

F -distribution (1% points)

4.4

F -distribution (0.5% points)

Correlation coefficient

Random numbers

323

324

INTROSTAT

TABLE 1. STANDARD NORMAL DISTRIBUTION: Areas under the standard normal

curve between 0 and z , i.e. Pr[0 < Z < z ]
z
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4.0

0.00
0.0000
0.0398
0.0793
0.1179
0.1554
0.1915
0.2257
0.2580
0.2881
0.3159
0.3413
0.3643
0.3849
0.4032
0.4192
0.4332
0.4452
0.4554
0.4641
0.4713
0.4772
0.4821
0.4861
0.4893
0.49180
0.49379
0.49534
0.49653
0.49744
0.49813
0.49865
0.49903
0.49931
0.49952
0.49966
0.49977
0.49984
0.49989
0.49993
0.49995
0.49997

0.01
0.0040
0.0438
0.0832
0.1217
0.1591
0.1950
0.2291
0.2611
0.2910
0.3186
0.3438
0.3665
0.3869
0.4049
0.4207
0.4345
0.4463
0.4564
0.4649
0.4719
0.4778
0.4826
0.4864
0.4896
0.49202
0.49396
0.49547
0.49664
0.49752
0.49819
0.49869
0.49906
0.49934
0.49953
0.49968
0.49978
0.49985
0.49990
0.49993
0.49995
0.49997

0.02
0.0080
0.0478
0.0871
0.1255
0.1628
0.1985
0.2324
0.2642
0.2939
0.3212
0.3461
0.3686
0.3888
0.4066
0.4222
0.4357
0.4474
0.4573
0.4656
0.4726
0.4783
0.4830
0.4868
0.4898
0.49224
0.49413
0.49560
0.49674
0.49760
0.49825
0.49874
0.49910
0.49936
0.49955
0.49969
0.49978
0.49985
0.49990
0.49993
0.49996
0.49997

0.03
0.0120
0.0517
0.0910
0.1293
0.1664
0.2019
0.2357
0.2673
0.2967
0.3238
0.3485
0.3708
0.3907
0.4082
0.4236
0.4370
0.4484
0.4582
0.4664
0.4732
0.4788
0.4834
0.4871
0.4901
0.49245
0.49430
0.49573
0.49683
0.49767
0.49831
0.49878
0.49913
0.49938
0.49957
0.49970
0.49979
0.49986
0.49990
0.49994
0.49996
0.49997

0.04
0.0160
0.0557
0.0948
0.1331
0.1700
0.2054
0.2389
0.2704
0.2995
0.3264
0.3508
0.3729
0.3925
0.4099
0.4251
0.4382
0.4495
0.4591
0.4671
0.4738
0.4793
0.4838
0.4875
0.4904
0.49266
0.49446
0.49585
0.49693
0.49774
0.49836
0.49882
0.49916
0.49940
0.49958
0.49971
0.49980
0.49986
0.49991
0.49994
0.49996
0.49997

0.05
0.0199
0.0596
0.0987
0.1368
0.1736
0.2088
0.2422
0.2734
0.3023
0.3289
0.3531
0.3749
0.3944
0.4115
0.4265
0.4394
0.4505
0.4599
0.4678
0.4744
0.4798
0.4842
0.4878
0.4906
0.49286
0.49461
0.49598
0.49702
0.49781
0.49841
0.49886
0.49918
0.49942
0.49960
0.49972
0.49981
0.49987
0.49991
0.49994
0.49996
0.49997

0.06
0.0239
0.0636
0.1026
0.1406
0.1772
0.2123
0.2454
0.2764
0.3051
0.3315
0.3554
0.3770
0.3962
0.4131
0.4279
0.4406
0.4515
0.4608
0.4686
0.4750
0.4803
0.4846
0.4881
0.4909
0.49305
0.49477
0.49609
0.49711
0.49788
0.49846
0.49889
0.49921
0.49944
0.49961
0.49973
0.49981
0.49987
0.49992
0.49994
0.49996
0.49998

0.07
0.0279
0.0675
0.1064
0.1443
0.1808
0.2157
0.2486
0.2794
0.3078
0.3340
0.3577
0.3790
0.3980
0.4147
0.4292
0.4418
0.4525
0.4616
0.4693
0.4756
0.4808
0.4850
0.4884
0.4911
0.49324
0.49492
0.49621
0.49720
0.49795
0.49851
0.49893
0.49924
0.49946
0.49962
0.49974
0.49982
0.49988
0.49992
0.49995
0.49996
0.49998

0.08
0.0319
0.0714
0.1103
0.1480
0.1844
0.2190
0.2517
0.2823
0.3106
0.3365
0.3599
0.3810
0.3997
0.4162
0.4306
0.4429
0.4535
0.4625
0.4699
0.4761
0.4812
0.4854
0.4887
0.4913
0.49343
0.49506
0.49632
0.49728
0.49801
0.49856
0.49896
0.49926
0.49948
0.49964
0.49975
0.49983
0.49988
0.49992
0.49995
0.49997
0.49998

0.09
0.0359
0.0753
0.1141
0.1517
0.1879
0.2224
0.2549
0.2852
0.3133
0.3389
0.3621
0.3830
0.4015
0.4177
0.4319
0.4441
0.4545
0.4633
0.4706
0.4767
0.4817
0.4857
0.4890
0.4916
0.49361
0.49520
0.49643
0.49736
0.49807
0.49861
0.49900
0.49929
0.49950
0.49965
0.49976
0.49983
0.49989
0.49992
0.49995
0.49997
0.49998

325

CHAPTER 12. TABLES

TABLE 2. t-DISTRIBUTION: One sided critical values, i.e. the value of tPdf such that
P = Pr[tdf > tPdf ], where df is the degrees of freedom
df
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
140
160
180
200
z

0.4
0.325
0.289
0.277
0.271
0.267
0.265
0.263
0.262
0.261
0.260
0.260
0.259
0.259
0.258
0.258
0.258
0.257
0.257
0.257
0.257
0.257
0.256
0.256
0.256
0.256
0.256
0.256
0.256
0.256
0.256
0.256
0.255
0.255
0.255
0.255
0.255
0.255
0.255
0.255
0.255
0.255
0.255
0.254
0.254
0.254
0.254
0.254
0.254
0.254
0.254
0.254
0.254
0.254
0.253

0.3
0.727
0.617
0.584
0.569
0.559
0.553
0.549
0.546
0.543
0.542
0.540
0.539
0.538
0.537
0.536
0.535
0.534
0.534
0.533
0.533
0.532
0.532
0.532
0.531
0.531
0.531
0.531
0.530
0.530
0.530
0.530
0.530
0.530
0.529
0.529
0.529
0.529
0.529
0.529
0.529
0.528
0.528
0.527
0.527
0.526
0.526
0.526
0.526
0.526
0.526
0.525
0.525
0.525
0.524

0.2
1.376
1.061
0.978
0.941
0.920
0.906
0.896
0.889
0.883
0.879
0.876
0.873
0.870
0.868
0.866
0.865
0.863
0.862
0.861
0.860
0.859
0.858
0.858
0.857
0.856
0.856
0.855
0.855
0.854
0.854
0.853
0.853
0.853
0.852
0.852
0.852
0.851
0.851
0.851
0.851
0.850
0.849
0.848
0.847
0.846
0.846
0.845
0.845
0.845
0.844
0.844
0.844
0.843
0.842

0.1
3.078
1.886
1.638
1.533
1.476
1.440
1.415
1.397
1.383
1.372
1.363
1.356
1.350
1.345
1.341
1.337
1.333
1.330
1.328
1.325
1.323
1.321
1.319
1.318
1.316
1.315
1.314
1.313
1.311
1.310
1.309
1.309
1.308
1.307
1.306
1.306
1.305
1.304
1.304
1.303
1.301
1.299
1.296
1.294
1.292
1.291
1.290
1.289
1.289
1.288
1.287
1.286
1.286
1.282

Probability Level P
0.05 0.025
0.01
6.314 12.71 31.82
2.920 4.303 6.965
2.353 3.182 4.541
2.132 2.776 3.747
2.015 2.571 3.365
1.943 2.447 3.143
1.895 2.365 2.998
1.860 2.306 2.896
1.833 2.262 2.821
1.812 2.228 2.764
1.796 2.201 2.718
1.782 2.179 2.681
1.771 2.160 2.650
1.761 2.145 2.624
1.753 2.131 2.602
1.746 2.120 2.583
1.740 2.110 2.567
1.734 2.101 2.552
1.729 2.093 2.539
1.725 2.086 2.528
1.721 2.080 2.518
1.717 2.074 2.508
1.714 2.069 2.500
1.711 2.064 2.492
1.708 2.060 2.485
1.706 2.056 2.479
1.703 2.052 2.473
1.701 2.048 2.467
1.699 2.045 2.462
1.697 2.042 2.457
1.696 2.040 2.453
1.694 2.037 2.449
1.692 2.035 2.445
1.691 2.032 2.441
1.690 2.030 2.438
1.688 2.028 2.434
1.687 2.026 2.431
1.686 2.024 2.429
1.685 2.023 2.426
1.684 2.021 2.423
1.679 2.014 2.412
1.676 2.009 2.403
1.671 2.000 2.390
1.667 1.994 2.381
1.664 1.990 2.374
1.662 1.987 2.368
1.660 1.984 2.364
1.659 1.982 2.361
1.658 1.980 2.358
1.656 1.977 2.353
1.654 1.975 2.350
1.653 1.973 2.347
1.653 1.972 2.345
1.645 1.960 2.326

0.005
63.66
9.925
5.841
4.604
4.032
3.707
3.499
3.355
3.250
3.169
3.106
3.055
3.012
2.977
2.947
2.921
2.898
2.878
2.861
2.845
2.831
2.819
2.807
2.797
2.787
2.779
2.771
2.763
2.756
2.750
2.744
2.738
2.733
2.728
2.724
2.719
2.715
2.712
2.708
2.704
2.690
2.678
2.660
2.648
2.639
2.632
2.626
2.621
2.617
2.611
2.607
2.603
2.601
2.576

0.0025
127.3
14.09
7.453
5.598
4.773
4.317
4.029
3.833
3.690
3.581
3.497
3.428
3.372
3.326
3.286
3.252
3.222
3.197
3.174
3.153
3.135
3.119
3.104
3.091
3.078
3.067
3.057
3.047
3.038
3.030
3.022
3.015
3.008
3.002
2.996
2.990
2.985
2.980
2.976
2.971
2.952
2.937
2.915
2.899
2.887
2.878
2.871
2.865
2.860
2.852
2.847
2.842
2.838
2.807

0.001
318.3
22.33
10.21
7.173
5.894
5.208
4.785
4.501
4.297
4.144
4.025
3.930
3.852
3.787
3.733
3.686
3.646
3.610
3.579
3.552
3.527
3.505
3.485
3.467
3.450
3.435
3.421
3.408
3.396
3.385
3.375
3.365
3.356
3.348
3.340
3.333
3.326
3.319
3.313
3.307
3.281
3.261
3.232
3.211
3.195
3.183
3.174
3.166
3.160
3.149
3.142
3.136
3.131
3.090

0.0005
636.6
31.60
12.92
8.610
6.869
5.959
5.408
5.041
4.781
4.587
4.437
4.318
4.221
4.140
4.073
4.015
3.965
3.922
3.883
3.850
3.819
3.792
3.768
3.745
3.725
3.707
3.689
3.674
3.660
3.646
3.633
3.622
3.611
3.601
3.591
3.582
3.574
3.566
3.558
3.551
3.520
3.496
3.460
3.435
3.416
3.402
3.390
3.381
3.373
3.361
3.352
3.345
3.340
3.291

326

INTROSTAT

TABLE 3. CHI-SQUARED DISTRIBUTION: One sided critical values, i.e. the value of
2(P )
2(P )
df such that P = Pr[2df > df ], where df is the degrees of freedom, for P > 0.5

df
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
140
160
180
200

0.9995
0.000
0.001
0.015
0.064
0.158
0.299
0.485
0.710
0.972
1.265
1.587
1.935
2.305
2.697
3.107
3.536
3.980
4.439
4.913
5.398
5.895
6.404
6.924
7.453
7.991
8.537
9.093
9.656
10.227
10.804
11.388
11.980
12.576
13.180
13.788
14.401
15.021
15.644
16.272
16.906
20.136
23.461
30.339
37.467
44.792
52.277
59.895
67.631
75.465
91.389
107.599
124.032
140.659

0.999
0.000
0.002
0.024
0.091
0.210
0.381
0.599
0.857
1.152
1.479
1.834
2.214
2.617
3.041
3.483
3.942
4.416
4.905
5.407
5.921
6.447
6.983
7.529
8.085
8.649
9.222
9.803
10.391
10.986
11.588
12.196
12.810
13.431
14.057
14.688
15.324
15.965
16.611
17.261
17.917
21.251
24.674
31.738
39.036
46.520
54.156
61.918
69.790
77.756
93.925
110.359
127.011
143.842

0.9975
0.000
0.005
0.045
0.145
0.307
0.527
0.794
1.104
1.450
1.827
2.232
2.661
3.112
3.582
4.070
4.573
5.092
5.623
6.167
6.723
7.289
7.865
8.450
9.044
9.646
10.256
10.873
11.497
12.128
12.765
13.407
14.055
14.709
15.368
16.032
16.700
17.373
18.050
18.732
19.417
22.899
26.464
33.791
41.332
49.043
56.892
64.857
72.922
81.073
97.591
114.350
131.305
148.426

0.995
0.000
0.010
0.072
0.207
0.412
0.676
0.989
1.344
1.735
2.156
2.603
3.074
3.565
4.075
4.601
5.142
5.697
6.265
6.844
7.434
8.034
8.643
9.260
9.886
10.520
11.160
11.808
12.461
13.121
13.787
14.458
15.134
15.815
16.501
17.192
17.887
18.586
19.289
19.996
20.707
24.311
27.991
35.534
43.275
51.172
59.196
67.328
75.550
83.852
100.655
117.679
134.884
152.241

Probability Level P
0.99
0.975
0.000
0.001
0.020
0.051
0.115
0.216
0.297
0.484
0.554
0.831
0.872
1.237
1.239
1.690
1.647
2.180
2.088
2.700
2.558
3.247
3.053
3.816
3.571
4.404
4.107
5.009
4.660
5.629
5.229
6.262
5.812
6.908
6.408
7.564
7.015
8.231
7.633
8.907
8.260
9.591
8.897
10.283
9.542
10.982
10.196
11.689
10.856
12.401
11.524
13.120
12.198
13.844
12.878
14.573
13.565
15.308
14.256
16.047
14.953
16.791
15.655
17.539
16.362
18.291
17.073
19.047
17.789
19.806
18.509
20.569
19.233
21.336
19.960
22.106
20.691
22.878
21.426
23.654
22.164
24.433
25.901
28.366
29.707
32.357
37.485
40.482
45.442
48.758
53.540
57.153
61.754
65.647
70.065
74.222
78.458
82.867
86.923
91.573
104.034 109.137
121.346 126.870
138.821 144.741
156.432 162.728

0.95
0.004
0.103
0.352
0.711
1.145
1.635
2.167
2.733
3.325
3.940
4.575
5.226
5.892
6.571
7.261
7.962
8.672
9.390
10.117
10.851
11.591
12.338
13.091
13.848
14.611
15.379
16.151
16.928
17.708
18.493
19.281
20.072
20.867
21.664
22.465
23.269
24.075
24.884
25.695
26.509
30.612
34.764
43.188
51.739
60.391
69.126
77.929
86.792
95.705
113.659
131.756
149.969
168.279

0.9
0.016
0.211
0.584
1.064
1.610
2.204
2.833
3.490
4.168
4.865
5.578
6.304
7.041
7.790
8.547
9.312
10.085
10.865
11.651
12.443
13.240
14.041
14.848
15.659
16.473
17.292
18.114
18.939
19.768
20.599
21.434
22.271
23.110
23.952
24.797
25.643
26.492
27.343
28.196
29.051
33.350
37.689
46.459
55.329
64.278
73.291
82.358
91.471
100.624
119.029
137.546
156.153
174.835

0.8
0.064
0.446
1.005
1.649
2.343
3.070
3.822
4.594
5.380
6.179
6.989
7.807
8.634
9.467
10.307
11.152
12.002
12.857
13.716
14.578
15.445
16.314
17.187
18.062
18.940
19.820
20.703
21.588
22.475
23.364
24.255
25.148
26.042
26.938
27.836
28.735
29.635
30.537
31.441
32.345
36.884
41.449
50.641
59.898
69.207
78.558
87.945
97.362
106.806
125.758
144.783
163.868
183.003

0.6
0.275
1.022
1.869
2.753
3.656
4.570
5.493
6.423
7.357
8.295
9.237
10.182
11.129
12.078
13.030
13.983
14.937
15.893
16.850
17.809
18.768
19.729
20.690
21.652
22.616
23.579
24.544
25.509
26.475
27.442
28.409
29.376
30.344
31.313
32.282
33.252
34.222
35.192
36.163
37.134
41.995
46.864
56.620
66.396
76.188
85.993
95.808
105.632
115.465
135.149
154.856
174.580
194.319

327

CHAPTER 12. TABLES

TABLE 3, continued. CHI-SQUARED DISTRIBUTION: One sided critical values, i.e.

2(P )
2(P )
the value of df such that P = Pr[2df > df ], where df is the degrees of freedom,
for P < 0.5

df
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
140
160
180
200

0.4
0.708
1.833
2.946
4.045
5.132
6.211
7.283
8.351
9.414
10.473
11.530
12.584
13.636
14.685
15.733
16.780
17.824
18.868
19.910
20.951
21.992
23.031
24.069
25.106
26.143
27.179
28.214
29.249
30.283
31.316
32.349
33.381
34.413
35.444
36.475
37.505
38.535
39.564
40.593
41.622
46.761
51.892
62.135
72.358
82.566
92.761
102.946
113.121
123.289
143.604
163.898
184.173
204.434

0.2
1.642
3.219
4.642
5.989
7.289
8.558
9.803
11.030
12.242
13.442
14.631
15.812
16.985
18.151
19.311
20.465
21.615
22.760
23.900
25.038
26.171
27.301
28.429
29.553
30.675
31.795
32.912
34.027
35.139
36.250
37.359
38.466
39.572
40.676
41.778
42.879
43.978
45.076
46.173
47.269
52.729
58.164
68.972
79.715
90.405
101.054
111.667
122.250
132.806
153.854
174.828
195.743
216.609

0.1
2.706
4.605
6.251
7.779
9.236
10.645
12.017
13.362
14.684
15.987
17.275
18.549
19.812
21.064
22.307
23.542
24.769
25.989
27.204
28.412
29.615
30.813
32.007
33.196
34.382
35.563
36.741
37.916
39.087
40.256
41.422
42.585
43.745
44.903
46.059
47.212
48.363
49.513
50.660
51.805
57.505
63.167
74.397
85.527
96.578
107.565
118.498
129.385
140.233
161.827
183.311
204.704
226.021

0.05
3.841
5.991
7.815
9.488
11.070
12.592
14.067
15.507
16.919
18.307
19.675
21.026
22.362
23.685
24.996
26.296
27.587
28.869
30.144
31.410
32.671
33.924
35.172
36.415
37.652
38.885
40.113
41.337
42.557
43.773
44.985
46.194
47.400
48.602
49.802
50.998
52.192
53.384
54.572
55.758
61.656
67.505
79.082
90.531
101.879
113.145
124.342
135.480
146.567
168.613
190.516
212.304
233.994

Probability Level P
0.025
0.01
5.024
6.635
7.378
9.210
9.348
11.345
11.143
13.277
12.832
15.086
14.449
16.812
16.013
18.475
17.535
20.090
19.023
21.666
20.483
23.209
21.920
24.725
23.337
26.217
24.736
27.688
26.119
29.141
27.488
30.578
28.845
32.000
30.191
33.409
31.526
34.805
32.852
36.191
34.170
37.566
35.479
38.932
36.781
40.289
38.076
41.638
39.364
42.980
40.646
44.314
41.923
45.642
43.195
46.963
44.461
48.278
45.722
49.588
46.979
50.892
48.232
52.191
49.480
53.486
50.725
54.775
51.966
56.061
53.203
57.342
54.437
58.619
55.668
59.893
56.895
61.162
58.120
62.428
59.342
63.691
65.410
69.957
71.420
76.154
83.298
88.379
95.023 100.425
106.629 112.329
118.136 124.116
129.561 135.807
140.916 147.414
152.211 158.950
174.648 181.841
196.915 204.530
219.044 227.056
241.058 249.445

0.005
7.879
10.597
12.838
14.860
16.750
18.548
20.278
21.955
23.589
25.188
26.757
28.300
29.819
31.319
32.801
34.267
35.718
37.156
38.582
39.997
41.401
42.796
44.181
45.558
46.928
48.290
49.645
50.994
52.335
53.672
55.002
56.328
57.648
58.964
60.275
61.581
62.883
64.181
65.475
66.766
73.166
79.490
91.952
104.215
116.321
128.299
140.170
151.948
163.648
186.847
209.824
232.620
255.264

0.0025
9.140
11.983
14.320
16.424
18.385
20.249
22.040
23.774
25.463
27.112
28.729
30.318
31.883
33.426
34.949
36.456
37.946
39.422
40.885
42.336
43.775
45.204
46.623
48.034
49.435
50.829
52.215
53.594
54.966
56.332
57.692
59.046
60.395
61.738
63.076
64.410
65.738
67.063
68.383
69.699
76.223
82.664
95.344
107.808
120.102
132.255
144.292
156.230
168.081
191.565
214.808
237.855
260.735

0.001
10.827
13.815
16.266
18.466
20.515
22.457
24.321
26.124
27.877
29.588
31.264
32.909
34.527
36.124
37.698
39.252
40.791
42.312
43.819
45.314
46.796
48.268
49.728
51.179
52.619
54.051
55.475
56.892
58.301
59.702
61.098
62.487
63.869
65.247
66.619
67.985
69.348
70.704
72.055
73.403
80.078
86.660
99.608
112.317
124.839
137.208
149.449
161.582
173.618
197.450
221.020
244.372
267.539

0.0005
12.115
15.201
17.731
19.998
22.106
24.102
26.018
27.867
29.667
31.419
33.138
34.821
36.477
38.109
39.717
41.308
42.881
44.434
45.974
47.498
49.010
50.510
51.999
53.478
54.948
56.407
57.856
59.299
60.734
62.160
63.581
64.993
66.401
67.804
69.197
70.588
71.971
73.350
74.724
76.096
82.873
89.560
102.697
115.577
128.264
140.780
153.164
165.436
177.601
201.680
225.477
249.049
272.422

328

INTROSTAT
(0.05)

TABLE 4.1. 5% critical values for the F -DISTRIBUTION, i.e. the value of FNUM,DEN
where NUM and DEN are the numerator and denominator degrees of freedom respectively
DEN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
140
160
180
200

1
161.4
18.51
10.13
7.71
6.61
5.99
5.59
5.32
5.12
4.96
4.84
4.75
4.67
4.60
4.54
4.49
4.45
4.41
4.38
4.35
4.32
4.30
4.28
4.26
4.24
4.23
4.21
4.20
4.18
4.17
4.16
4.15
4.14
4.13
4.12
4.11
4.11
4.10
4.09
4.08
4.06
4.03
4.00
3.98
3.96
3.95
3.94
3.93
3.92
3.91
3.90
3.89
3.89

2
199.5
19.00
9.55
6.94
5.79
5.14
4.74
4.46
4.26
4.10
3.98
3.89
3.81
3.74
3.68
3.63
3.59
3.55
3.52
3.49
3.47
3.44
3.42
3.40
3.39
3.37
3.35
3.34
3.33
3.32
3.30
3.29
3.28
3.28
3.27
3.26
3.25
3.24
3.24
3.23
3.20
3.18
3.15
3.13
3.11
3.10
3.09
3.08
3.07
3.06
3.05
3.05
3.04

3
215.7
19.16
9.28
6.59
5.41
4.76
4.35
4.07
3.86
3.71
3.59
3.49
3.41
3.34
3.29
3.24
3.20
3.16
3.13
3.10
3.07
3.05
3.03
3.01
2.99
2.98
2.96
2.95
2.93
2.92
2.91
2.90
2.89
2.88
2.87
2.87
2.86
2.85
2.85
2.84
2.81
2.79
2.76
2.74
2.72
2.71
2.70
2.69
2.68
2.67
2.66
2.65
2.65

4
224.6
19.25
9.12
6.39
5.19
4.53
4.12
3.84
3.63
3.48
3.36
3.26
3.18
3.11
3.06
3.01
2.96
2.93
2.90
2.87
2.84
2.82
2.80
2.78
2.76
2.74
2.73
2.71
2.70
2.69
2.68
2.67
2.66
2.65
2.64
2.63
2.63
2.62
2.61
2.61
2.58
2.56
2.53
2.50
2.49
2.47
2.46
2.45
2.45
2.44
2.43
2.42
2.42

NUM (Numerator Degrees of Freedom)

5
6
7
8
9
10
230.2 234.0 236.8 238.9 240.5 241.9
19.30 19.33 19.35 19.37 19.38 19.40
9.01
8.94
8.89
8.85
8.81
8.79
6.26
6.16
6.09
6.04
6.00
5.96
5.05
4.95
4.88
4.82
4.77
4.74
4.39
4.28
4.21
4.15
4.10
4.06
3.97
3.87
3.79
3.73
3.68
3.64
3.69
3.58
3.50
3.44
3.39
3.35
3.48
3.37
3.29
3.23
3.18
3.14
3.33
3.22
3.14
3.07
3.02
2.98
3.20
3.09
3.01
2.95
2.90
2.85
3.11
3.00
2.91
2.85
2.80
2.75
3.03
2.92
2.83
2.77
2.71
2.67
2.96
2.85
2.76
2.70
2.65
2.60
2.90
2.79
2.71
2.64
2.59
2.54
2.85
2.74
2.66
2.59
2.54
2.49
2.81
2.70
2.61
2.55
2.49
2.45
2.77
2.66
2.58
2.51
2.46
2.41
2.74
2.63
2.54
2.48
2.42
2.38
2.71
2.60
2.51
2.45
2.39
2.35
2.68
2.57
2.49
2.42
2.37
2.32
2.66
2.55
2.46
2.40
2.34
2.30
2.64
2.53
2.44
2.37
2.32
2.27
2.62
2.51
2.42
2.36
2.30
2.25
2.60
2.49
2.40
2.34
2.28
2.24
2.59
2.47
2.39
2.32
2.27
2.22
2.57
2.46
2.37
2.31
2.25
2.20
2.56
2.45
2.36
2.29
2.24
2.19
2.55
2.43
2.35
2.28
2.22
2.18
2.53
2.42
2.33
2.27
2.21
2.16
2.52
2.41
2.32
2.25
2.20
2.15
2.51
2.40
2.31
2.24
2.19
2.14
2.50
2.39
2.30
2.23
2.18
2.13
2.49
2.38
2.29
2.23
2.17
2.12
2.49
2.37
2.29
2.22
2.16
2.11
2.48
2.36
2.28
2.21
2.15
2.11
2.47
2.36
2.27
2.20
2.14
2.10
2.46
2.35
2.26
2.19
2.14
2.09
2.46
2.34
2.26
2.19
2.13
2.08
2.45
2.34
2.25
2.18
2.12
2.08
2.42
2.31
2.22
2.15
2.10
2.05
2.40
2.29
2.20
2.13
2.07
2.03
2.37
2.25
2.17
2.10
2.04
1.99
2.35
2.23
2.14
2.07
2.02
1.97
2.33
2.21
2.13
2.06
2.00
1.95
2.32
2.20
2.11
2.04
1.99
1.94
2.31
2.19
2.10
2.03
1.97
1.93
2.30
2.18
2.09
2.02
1.97
1.92
2.29
2.18
2.09
2.02
1.96
1.91
2.28
2.16
2.08
2.01
1.95
1.90
2.27
2.16
2.07
2.00
1.94
1.89
2.26
2.15
2.06
1.99
1.93
1.88
2.26
2.14
2.06
1.98
1.93
1.88

11
243.0
19.40
8.76
5.94
4.70
4.03
3.60
3.31
3.10
2.94
2.82
2.72
2.63
2.57
2.51
2.46
2.41
2.37
2.34
2.31
2.28
2.26
2.24
2.22
2.20
2.18
2.17
2.15
2.14
2.13
2.11
2.10
2.09
2.08
2.07
2.07
2.06
2.05
2.04
2.04
2.01
1.99
1.95
1.93
1.91
1.90
1.89
1.88
1.87
1.86
1.85
1.84
1.84

12
243.9
19.41
8.74
5.91
4.68
4.00
3.57
3.28
3.07
2.91
2.79
2.69
2.60
2.53
2.48
2.42
2.38
2.34
2.31
2.28
2.25
2.23
2.20
2.18
2.16
2.15
2.13
2.12
2.10
2.09
2.08
2.07
2.06
2.05
2.04
2.03
2.02
2.02
2.01
2.00
1.97
1.95
1.92
1.89
1.88
1.86
1.85
1.84
1.83
1.82
1.81
1.81
1.80

13
244.7
19.42
8.73
5.89
4.66
3.98
3.55
3.26
3.05
2.89
2.76
2.66
2.58
2.51
2.45
2.40
2.35
2.31
2.28
2.25
2.22
2.20
2.18
2.15
2.14
2.12
2.10
2.09
2.08
2.06
2.05
2.04
2.03
2.02
2.01
2.00
2.00
1.99
1.98
1.97
1.94
1.92
1.89
1.86
1.84
1.83
1.82
1.81
1.80
1.79
1.78
1.77
1.77

14
245.4
19.42
8.71
5.87
4.64
3.96
3.53
3.24
3.03
2.86
2.74
2.64
2.55
2.48
2.42
2.37
2.33
2.29
2.26
2.22
2.20
2.17
2.15
2.13
2.11
2.09
2.08
2.06
2.05
2.04
2.03
2.01
2.00
1.99
1.99
1.98
1.97
1.96
1.95
1.95
1.92
1.89
1.86
1.84
1.82
1.80
1.79
1.78
1.78
1.76
1.75
1.75
1.74

329

CHAPTER 12. TABLES

TABLE 4.1, continued. 5% critical values for the F -DISTRIBUTION
DEN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
140
160
180
200

15
245.9
19.43
8.70
5.86
4.62
3.94
3.51
3.22
3.01
2.85
2.72
2.62
2.53
2.46
2.40
2.35
2.31
2.27
2.23
2.20
2.18
2.15
2.13
2.11
2.09
2.07
2.06
2.04
2.03
2.01
2.00
1.99
1.98
1.97
1.96
1.95
1.95
1.94
1.93
1.92
1.89
1.87
1.84
1.81
1.79
1.78
1.77
1.76
1.75
1.74
1.73
1.72
1.72

16
246.5
19.43
8.69
5.84
4.60
3.92
3.49
3.20
2.99
2.83
2.70
2.60
2.51
2.44
2.38
2.33
2.29
2.25
2.21
2.18
2.16
2.13
2.11
2.09
2.07
2.05
2.04
2.02
2.01
1.99
1.98
1.97
1.96
1.95
1.94
1.93
1.93
1.92
1.91
1.90
1.87
1.85
1.82
1.79
1.77
1.76
1.75
1.74
1.73
1.72
1.71
1.70
1.69

17
246.9
19.44
8.68
5.83
4.59
3.91
3.48
3.19
2.97
2.81
2.69
2.58
2.50
2.43
2.37
2.32
2.27
2.23
2.20
2.17
2.14
2.11
2.09
2.07
2.05
2.03
2.02
2.00
1.99
1.98
1.96
1.95
1.94
1.93
1.92
1.92
1.91
1.90
1.89
1.89
1.86
1.83
1.80
1.77
1.75
1.74
1.73
1.72
1.71
1.70
1.69
1.68
1.67

18
247.3
19.44
8.67
5.82
4.58
3.90
3.47
3.17
2.96
2.80
2.67
2.57
2.48
2.41
2.35
2.30
2.26
2.22
2.18
2.15
2.12
2.10
2.08
2.05
2.04
2.02
2.00
1.99
1.97
1.96
1.95
1.94
1.93
1.92
1.91
1.90
1.89
1.88
1.88
1.87
1.84
1.81
1.78
1.75
1.73
1.72
1.71
1.70
1.69
1.68
1.67
1.66
1.66

NUM (Numerator Degrees of Freedom)

19
20
22
24
27
30
247.7 248.0 248.6 249.1 249.6 250.1
19.44 19.45 19.45 19.45 19.46 19.46
8.67
8.66
8.65
8.64
8.63
8.62
5.81
5.80
5.79
5.77
5.76
5.75
4.57
4.56
4.54
4.53
4.51
4.50
3.88
3.87
3.86
3.84
3.82
3.81
3.46
3.44
3.43
3.41
3.39
3.38
3.16
3.15
3.13
3.12
3.10
3.08
2.95
2.94
2.92
2.90
2.88
2.86
2.79
2.77
2.75
2.74
2.72
2.70
2.66
2.65
2.63
2.61
2.59
2.57
2.56
2.54
2.52
2.51
2.48
2.47
2.47
2.46
2.44
2.42
2.40
2.38
2.40
2.39
2.37
2.35
2.33
2.31
2.34
2.33
2.31
2.29
2.27
2.25
2.29
2.28
2.25
2.24
2.21
2.19
2.24
2.23
2.21
2.19
2.17
2.15
2.20
2.19
2.17
2.15
2.13
2.11
2.17
2.16
2.13
2.11
2.09
2.07
2.14
2.12
2.10
2.08
2.06
2.04
2.11
2.10
2.07
2.05
2.03
2.01
2.08
2.07
2.05
2.03
2.00
1.98
2.06
2.05
2.02
2.01
1.98
1.96
2.04
2.03
2.00
1.98
1.96
1.94
2.02
2.01
1.98
1.96
1.94
1.92
2.00
1.99
1.97
1.95
1.92
1.90
1.99
1.97
1.95
1.93
1.90
1.88
1.97
1.96
1.93
1.91
1.89
1.87
1.96
1.94
1.92
1.90
1.88
1.85
1.95
1.93
1.91
1.89
1.86
1.84
1.93
1.92
1.90
1.88
1.85
1.83
1.92
1.91
1.88
1.86
1.84
1.82
1.91
1.90
1.87
1.85
1.83
1.81
1.90
1.89
1.86
1.84
1.82
1.80
1.89
1.88
1.85
1.83
1.81
1.79
1.88
1.87
1.85
1.82
1.80
1.78
1.88
1.86
1.84
1.82
1.79
1.77
1.87
1.85
1.83
1.81
1.78
1.76
1.86
1.85
1.82
1.80
1.77
1.75
1.85
1.84
1.81
1.79
1.77
1.74
1.82
1.81
1.78
1.76
1.73
1.71
1.80
1.78
1.76
1.74
1.71
1.69
1.76
1.75
1.72
1.70
1.67
1.65
1.74
1.72
1.70
1.67
1.65
1.62
1.72
1.70
1.68
1.65
1.63
1.60
1.70
1.69
1.66
1.64
1.61
1.59
1.69
1.68
1.65
1.63
1.60
1.57
1.68
1.67
1.64
1.62
1.59
1.56
1.67
1.66
1.63
1.61
1.58
1.55
1.66
1.65
1.62
1.60
1.57
1.54
1.65
1.64
1.61
1.59
1.56
1.53
1.64
1.63
1.60
1.58
1.55
1.52
1.64
1.62
1.60
1.57
1.54
1.52

40
251.1
19.47
8.59
5.72
4.46
3.77
3.34
3.04
2.83
2.66
2.53
2.43
2.34
2.27
2.20
2.15
2.10
2.06
2.03
1.99
1.96
1.94
1.91
1.89
1.87
1.85
1.84
1.82
1.81
1.79
1.78
1.77
1.76
1.75
1.74
1.73
1.72
1.71
1.70
1.69
1.66
1.63
1.59
1.57
1.54
1.53
1.52
1.50
1.50
1.48
1.47
1.46
1.46

60
252.2
19.48
8.57
5.69
4.43
3.74
3.30
3.01
2.79
2.62
2.49
2.38
2.30
2.22
2.16
2.11
2.06
2.02
1.98
1.95
1.92
1.89
1.86
1.84
1.82
1.80
1.79
1.77
1.75
1.74
1.73
1.71
1.70
1.69
1.68
1.67
1.66
1.65
1.65
1.64
1.60
1.58
1.53
1.50
1.48
1.46
1.45
1.44
1.43
1.41
1.40
1.39
1.39

100
253.0
19.49
8.55
5.66
4.41
3.71
3.27
2.97
2.76
2.59
2.46
2.35
2.26
2.19
2.12
2.07
2.02
1.98
1.94
1.91
1.88
1.85
1.82
1.80
1.78
1.76
1.74
1.73
1.71
1.70
1.68
1.67
1.66
1.65
1.63
1.62
1.62
1.61
1.60
1.59
1.55
1.52
1.48
1.45
1.43
1.41
1.39
1.38
1.37
1.35
1.34
1.33
1.32

200
253.7
19.49
8.54
5.65
4.39
3.69
3.25
2.95
2.73
2.56
2.43
2.32
2.23
2.16
2.10
2.04
1.99
1.95
1.91
1.88
1.84
1.82
1.79
1.77
1.75
1.73
1.71
1.69
1.67
1.66
1.65
1.63
1.62
1.61
1.60
1.59
1.58
1.57
1.56
1.55
1.51
1.48
1.44
1.40
1.38
1.36
1.34
1.33
1.32
1.30
1.28
1.27
1.26

330

INTROSTAT
(0.025)

TABLE 4.2. 2.5% critical values for the F -DISTRIBUTION, i.e. the value of FNUM,DEN
where NUM and DEN are the numerator and denominator degrees of freedom respectively
DEN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
140
160
180
200

1
648
38.51
17.44
12.22
10.01
8.81
8.07
7.57
7.21
6.94
6.72
6.55
6.41
6.30
6.20
6.12
6.04
5.98
5.92
5.87
5.83
5.79
5.75
5.72
5.69
5.66
5.63
5.61
5.59
5.57
5.55
5.53
5.51
5.50
5.48
5.47
5.46
5.45
5.43
5.42
5.38
5.34
5.29
5.25
5.22
5.20
5.18
5.16
5.15
5.13
5.12
5.11
5.10

2
799
39.00
16.04
10.65
8.43
7.26
6.54
6.06
5.71
5.46
5.26
5.10
4.97
4.86
4.77
4.69
4.62
4.56
4.51
4.46
4.42
4.38
4.35
4.32
4.29
4.27
4.24
4.22
4.20
4.18
4.16
4.15
4.13
4.12
4.11
4.09
4.08
4.07
4.06
4.05
4.01
3.97
3.93
3.89
3.86
3.84
3.83
3.82
3.80
3.79
3.78
3.77
3.76

3
864
39.17
15.44
9.98
7.76
6.60
5.89
5.42
5.08
4.83
4.63
4.47
4.35
4.24
4.15
4.08
4.01
3.95
3.90
3.86
3.82
3.78
3.75
3.72
3.69
3.67
3.65
3.63
3.61
3.59
3.57
3.56
3.54
3.53
3.52
3.50
3.49
3.48
3.47
3.46
3.42
3.39
3.34
3.31
3.28
3.26
3.25
3.24
3.23
3.21
3.20
3.19
3.18

4
900
39.25
15.10
9.60
7.39
6.23
5.52
5.05
4.72
4.47
4.28
4.12
4.00
3.89
3.80
3.73
3.66
3.61
3.56
3.51
3.48
3.44
3.41
3.38
3.35
3.33
3.31
3.29
3.27
3.25
3.23
3.22
3.20
3.19
3.18
3.17
3.16
3.15
3.14
3.13
3.09
3.05
3.01
2.97
2.95
2.93
2.92
2.90
2.89
2.88
2.87
2.86
2.85

NUM (Numerator Degrees of Freedom)

5
6
7
8
9
10
922
937
948
957
963
969
39.30 39.33 39.36 39.37 39.39 39.40
14.88 14.73 14.62 14.54 14.47 14.42
9.36
9.20
9.07
8.98
8.90
8.84
7.15
6.98
6.85
6.76
6.68
6.62
5.99
5.82
5.70
5.60
5.52
5.46
5.29
5.12
4.99
4.90
4.82
4.76
4.82
4.65
4.53
4.43
4.36
4.30
4.48
4.32
4.20
4.10
4.03
3.96
4.24
4.07
3.95
3.85
3.78
3.72
4.04
3.88
3.76
3.66
3.59
3.53
3.89
3.73
3.61
3.51
3.44
3.37
3.77
3.60
3.48
3.39
3.31
3.25
3.66
3.50
3.38
3.29
3.21
3.15
3.58
3.41
3.29
3.20
3.12
3.06
3.50
3.34
3.22
3.12
3.05
2.99
3.44
3.28
3.16
3.06
2.98
2.92
3.38
3.22
3.10
3.01
2.93
2.87
3.33
3.17
3.05
2.96
2.88
2.82
3.29
3.13
3.01
2.91
2.84
2.77
3.25
3.09
2.97
2.87
2.80
2.73
3.22
3.05
2.93
2.84
2.76
2.70
3.18
3.02
2.90
2.81
2.73
2.67
3.15
2.99
2.87
2.78
2.70
2.64
3.13
2.97
2.85
2.75
2.68
2.61
3.10
2.94
2.82
2.73
2.65
2.59
3.08
2.92
2.80
2.71
2.63
2.57
3.06
2.90
2.78
2.69
2.61
2.55
3.04
2.88
2.76
2.67
2.59
2.53
3.03
2.87
2.75
2.65
2.57
2.51
3.01
2.85
2.73
2.64
2.56
2.50
3.00
2.84
2.71
2.62
2.54
2.48
2.98
2.82
2.70
2.61
2.53
2.47
2.97
2.81
2.69
2.59
2.52
2.45
2.96
2.80
2.68
2.58
2.50
2.44
2.94
2.78
2.66
2.57
2.49
2.43
2.93
2.77
2.65
2.56
2.48
2.42
2.92
2.76
2.64
2.55
2.47
2.41
2.91
2.75
2.63
2.54
2.46
2.40
2.90
2.74
2.62
2.53
2.45
2.39
2.86
2.70
2.58
2.49
2.41
2.35
2.83
2.67
2.55
2.46
2.38
2.32
2.79
2.63
2.51
2.41
2.33
2.27
2.75
2.59
2.47
2.38
2.30
2.24
2.73
2.57
2.45
2.35
2.28
2.21
2.71
2.55
2.43
2.34
2.26
2.19
2.70
2.54
2.42
2.32
2.24
2.18
2.68
2.53
2.40
2.31
2.23
2.17
2.67
2.52
2.39
2.30
2.22
2.16
2.66
2.50
2.38
2.28
2.21
2.14
2.65
2.49
2.37
2.27
2.19
2.13
2.64
2.48
2.36
2.26
2.19
2.12
2.63
2.47
2.35
2.26
2.18
2.11

11
973
39.41
14.37
8.79
6.57
5.41
4.71
4.24
3.91
3.66
3.47
3.32
3.20
3.09
3.01
2.93
2.87
2.81
2.76
2.72
2.68
2.65
2.62
2.59
2.56
2.54
2.51
2.49
2.48
2.46
2.44
2.43
2.41
2.40
2.39
2.37
2.36
2.35
2.34
2.33
2.29
2.26
2.22
2.18
2.16
2.14
2.12
2.11
2.10
2.09
2.07
2.07
2.06

12
977
39.41
14.34
8.75
6.52
5.37
4.67
4.20
3.87
3.62
3.43
3.28
3.15
3.05
2.96
2.89
2.82
2.77
2.72
2.68
2.64
2.60
2.57
2.54
2.51
2.49
2.47
2.45
2.43
2.41
2.40
2.38
2.37
2.35
2.34
2.33
2.32
2.31
2.30
2.29
2.25
2.22
2.17
2.14
2.11
2.09
2.08
2.07
2.05
2.04
2.03
2.02
2.01

13
980
39.42
14.30
8.72
6.49
5.33
4.63
4.16
3.83
3.58
3.39
3.24
3.12
3.01
2.92
2.85
2.79
2.73
2.68
2.64
2.60
2.56
2.53
2.50
2.48
2.45
2.43
2.41
2.39
2.37
2.36
2.34
2.33
2.31
2.30
2.29
2.28
2.27
2.26
2.25
2.21
2.18
2.13
2.10
2.07
2.05
2.04
2.02
2.01
2.00
1.99
1.98
1.97

14
983
39.43
14.28
8.68
6.46
5.30
4.60
4.13
3.80
3.55
3.36
3.21
3.08
2.98
2.89
2.82
2.75
2.70
2.65
2.60
2.56
2.53
2.50
2.47
2.44
2.42
2.39
2.37
2.36
2.34
2.32
2.31
2.29
2.28
2.27
2.25
2.24
2.23
2.22
2.21
2.17
2.14
2.09
2.06
2.03
2.02
2.00
1.99
1.98
1.96
1.95
1.94
1.93

331

CHAPTER 12. TABLES

TABLE 4.2, continued. 2.5% critical values for the F -DISTRIBUTION
DEN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
140
160
180
200

15
985
39.43
14.25
8.66
6.43
5.27
4.57
4.10
3.77
3.52
3.33
3.18
3.05
2.95
2.86
2.79
2.72
2.67
2.62
2.57
2.53
2.50
2.47
2.44
2.41
2.39
2.36
2.34
2.32
2.31
2.29
2.28
2.26
2.25
2.23
2.22
2.21
2.20
2.19
2.18
2.14
2.11
2.06
2.03
2.00
1.98
1.97
1.96
1.94
1.93
1.92
1.91
1.90

16
987
39.44
14.23
8.63
6.40
5.24
4.54
4.08
3.74
3.50
3.30
3.15
3.03
2.92
2.84
2.76
2.70
2.64
2.59
2.55
2.51
2.47
2.44
2.41
2.38
2.36
2.34
2.32
2.30
2.28
2.26
2.25
2.23
2.22
2.21
2.20
2.18
2.17
2.16
2.15
2.11
2.08
2.03
2.00
1.97
1.95
1.94
1.93
1.92
1.90
1.89
1.88
1.87

17
989
39.44
14.21
8.61
6.38
5.22
4.52
4.05
3.72
3.47
3.28
3.13
3.00
2.90
2.81
2.74
2.67
2.62
2.57
2.52
2.48
2.45
2.42
2.39
2.36
2.34
2.31
2.29
2.27
2.26
2.24
2.22
2.21
2.20
2.18
2.17
2.16
2.15
2.14
2.13
2.09
2.06
2.01
1.97
1.95
1.93
1.91
1.90
1.89
1.87
1.86
1.85
1.84

18
990
39.44
14.20
8.59
6.36
5.20
4.50
4.03
3.70
3.45
3.26
3.11
2.98
2.88
2.79
2.72
2.65
2.60
2.55
2.50
2.46
2.43
2.39
2.36
2.34
2.31
2.29
2.27
2.25
2.23
2.22
2.20
2.19
2.17
2.16
2.15
2.14
2.13
2.12
2.11
2.07
2.03
1.98
1.95
1.92
1.91
1.89
1.88
1.87
1.85
1.84
1.83
1.82

NUM (Numerator Degrees of Freedom)

19
20
22
24
27
30
992
993
995
997 1000 1001
39.45 39.45 39.45 39.46 39.46 39.46
14.18 14.17 14.14 14.12 14.10 14.08
8.58
8.56
8.53
8.51
8.48
8.46
6.34
6.33
6.30
6.28
6.25
6.23
5.18
5.17
5.14
5.12
5.09
5.07
4.48
4.47
4.44
4.41
4.39
4.36
4.02
4.00
3.97
3.95
3.92
3.89
3.68
3.67
3.64
3.61
3.58
3.56
3.44
3.42
3.39
3.37
3.34
3.31
3.24
3.23
3.20
3.17
3.14
3.12
3.09
3.07
3.04
3.02
2.99
2.96
2.96
2.95
2.92
2.89
2.86
2.84
2.86
2.84
2.81
2.79
2.76
2.73
2.77
2.76
2.73
2.70
2.67
2.64
2.70
2.68
2.65
2.63
2.59
2.57
2.63
2.62
2.59
2.56
2.53
2.50
2.58
2.56
2.53
2.50
2.47
2.44
2.53
2.51
2.48
2.45
2.42
2.39
2.48
2.46
2.43
2.41
2.38
2.35
2.44
2.42
2.39
2.37
2.33
2.31
2.41
2.39
2.36
2.33
2.30
2.27
2.37
2.36
2.33
2.30
2.27
2.24
2.35
2.33
2.30
2.27
2.24
2.21
2.32
2.30
2.27
2.24
2.21
2.18
2.29
2.28
2.24
2.22
2.18
2.16
2.27
2.25
2.22
2.19
2.16
2.13
2.25
2.23
2.20
2.17
2.14
2.11
2.23
2.21
2.18
2.15
2.12
2.09
2.21
2.20
2.16
2.14
2.10
2.07
2.20
2.18
2.15
2.12
2.08
2.06
2.18
2.16
2.13
2.10
2.07
2.04
2.17
2.15
2.12
2.09
2.05
2.03
2.15
2.13
2.10
2.07
2.04
2.01
2.14
2.12
2.09
2.06
2.03
2.00
2.13
2.11
2.08
2.05
2.01
1.99
2.12
2.10
2.07
2.04
2.00
1.97
2.11
2.09
2.05
2.03
1.99
1.96
2.10
2.08
2.04
2.02
1.98
1.95
2.09
2.07
2.03
2.01
1.97
1.94
2.04
2.03
1.99
1.96
1.93
1.90
2.01
1.99
1.96
1.93
1.90
1.87
1.96
1.94
1.91
1.88
1.85
1.82
1.93
1.91
1.88
1.85
1.81
1.78
1.90
1.88
1.85
1.82
1.78
1.75
1.88
1.86
1.83
1.80
1.76
1.73
1.87
1.85
1.81
1.78
1.75
1.71
1.86
1.84
1.80
1.77
1.73
1.70
1.84
1.82
1.79
1.76
1.72
1.69
1.83
1.81
1.77
1.74
1.70
1.67
1.82
1.80
1.76
1.73
1.69
1.66
1.81
1.79
1.75
1.72
1.68
1.65
1.80
1.78
1.74
1.71
1.67
1.64

40
1006
39.47
14.04
8.41
6.18
5.01
4.31
3.84
3.51
3.26
3.06
2.91
2.78
2.67
2.59
2.51
2.44
2.38
2.33
2.29
2.25
2.21
2.18
2.15
2.12
2.09
2.07
2.05
2.03
2.01
1.99
1.98
1.96
1.95
1.93
1.92
1.91
1.90
1.89
1.88
1.83
1.80
1.74
1.71
1.68
1.66
1.64
1.63
1.61
1.60
1.58
1.57
1.56

60
1010
39.48
13.99
8.36
6.12
4.96
4.25
3.78
3.45
3.20
3.00
2.85
2.72
2.61
2.52
2.45
2.38
2.32
2.27
2.22
2.18
2.14
2.11
2.08
2.05
2.03
2.00
1.98
1.96
1.94
1.92
1.91
1.89
1.88
1.86
1.85
1.84
1.82
1.81
1.80
1.76
1.72
1.67
1.63
1.60
1.58
1.56
1.54
1.53
1.51
1.50
1.48
1.47

100
1013
39.49
13.96
8.32
6.08
4.92
4.21
3.74
3.40
3.15
2.96
2.80
2.67
2.56
2.47
2.40
2.33
2.27
2.22
2.17
2.13
2.09
2.06
2.02
2.00
1.97
1.94
1.92
1.90
1.88
1.86
1.85
1.83
1.82
1.80
1.79
1.77
1.76
1.75
1.74
1.69
1.66
1.60
1.56
1.53
1.50
1.48
1.47
1.45
1.43
1.42
1.40
1.39

200
1016
39.49
13.93
8.29
6.05
4.88
4.18
3.70
3.37
3.12
2.92
2.76
2.63
2.53
2.44
2.36
2.29
2.23
2.18
2.13
2.09
2.05
2.01
1.98
1.95
1.92
1.90
1.88
1.86
1.84
1.82
1.80
1.78
1.77
1.75
1.74
1.73
1.71
1.70
1.69
1.64
1.60
1.54
1.50
1.47
1.44
1.42
1.40
1.39
1.36
1.35
1.33
1.32

332

INTROSTAT
(0.01)

TABLE 4.3. 1% critical values for the F -DISTRIBUTION, i.e. the value of FNUM,DEN
where NUM and DEN are the numerator and denominator degrees of freedom respectively
DEN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
140
160
180
200

1
4052
98.50
34.12
21.20
16.26
13.75
12.25
11.26
10.56
10.04
9.65
9.33
9.07
8.86
8.68
8.53
8.40
8.29
8.18
8.10
8.02
7.95
7.88
7.82
7.77
7.72
7.68
7.64
7.60
7.56
7.53
7.50
7.47
7.44
7.42
7.40
7.37
7.35
7.33
7.31
7.23
7.17
7.08
7.01
6.96
6.93
6.90
6.87
6.85
6.82
6.80
6.78
6.76

2
4999
99.00
30.82
18.00
13.27
10.92
9.55
8.65
8.02
7.56
7.21
6.93
6.70
6.51
6.36
6.23
6.11
6.01
5.93
5.85
5.78
5.72
5.66
5.61
5.57
5.53
5.49
5.45
5.42
5.39
5.36
5.34
5.31
5.29
5.27
5.25
5.23
5.21
5.19
5.18
5.11
5.06
4.98
4.92
4.88
4.85
4.82
4.80
4.79
4.76
4.74
4.73
4.71

3
5404
99.16
29.46
16.69
12.06
9.78
8.45
7.59
6.99
6.55
6.22
5.95
5.74
5.56
5.42
5.29
5.19
5.09
5.01
4.94
4.87
4.82
4.76
4.72
4.68
4.64
4.60
4.57
4.54
4.51
4.48
4.46
4.44
4.42
4.40
4.38
4.36
4.34
4.33
4.31
4.25
4.20
4.13
4.07
4.04
4.01
3.98
3.96
3.95
3.92
3.91
3.89
3.88

4
5624
99.25
28.71
15.98
11.39
9.15
7.85
7.01
6.42
5.99
5.67
5.41
5.21
5.04
4.89
4.77
4.67
4.58
4.50
4.43
4.37
4.31
4.26
4.22
4.18
4.14
4.11
4.07
4.04
4.02
3.99
3.97
3.95
3.93
3.91
3.89
3.87
3.86
3.84
3.83
3.77
3.72
3.65
3.60
3.56
3.53
3.51
3.49
3.48
3.46
3.44
3.43
3.41

NUM (Numerator Degrees

5
6
7
8
5764 5859 5928 5981
99.30 99.33 99.36 99.38
28.24 27.91 27.67 27.49
15.52 15.21 14.98 14.80
10.97 10.67 10.46 10.29
8.75
8.47
8.26
8.10
7.46
7.19
6.99
6.84
6.63
6.37
6.18
6.03
6.06
5.80
5.61
5.47
5.64
5.39
5.20
5.06
5.32
5.07
4.89
4.74
5.06
4.82
4.64
4.50
4.86
4.62
4.44
4.30
4.69
4.46
4.28
4.14
4.56
4.32
4.14
4.00
4.44
4.20
4.03
3.89
4.34
4.10
3.93
3.79
4.25
4.01
3.84
3.71
4.17
3.94
3.77
3.63
4.10
3.87
3.70
3.56
4.04
3.81
3.64
3.51
3.99
3.76
3.59
3.45
3.94
3.71
3.54
3.41
3.90
3.67
3.50
3.36
3.85
3.63
3.46
3.32
3.82
3.59
3.42
3.29
3.78
3.56
3.39
3.26
3.75
3.53
3.36
3.23
3.73
3.50
3.33
3.20
3.70
3.47
3.30
3.17
3.67
3.45
3.28
3.15
3.65
3.43
3.26
3.13
3.63
3.41
3.24
3.11
3.61
3.39
3.22
3.09
3.59
3.37
3.20
3.07
3.57
3.35
3.18
3.05
3.56
3.33
3.17
3.04
3.54
3.32
3.15
3.02
3.53
3.30
3.14
3.01
3.51
3.29
3.12
2.99
3.45
3.23
3.07
2.94
3.41
3.19
3.02
2.89
3.34
3.12
2.95
2.82
3.29
3.07
2.91
2.78
3.26
3.04
2.87
2.74
3.23
3.01
2.84
2.72
3.21
2.99
2.82
2.69
3.19
2.97
2.81
2.68
3.17
2.96
2.79
2.66
3.15
2.93
2.77
2.64
3.13
2.92
2.75
2.62
3.12
2.90
2.74
2.61
3.11
2.89
2.73
2.60

of Freedom)
9
10
6022 6056
99.39 99.40
27.34 27.23
14.66 14.55
10.16 10.05
7.98
7.87
6.72
6.62
5.91
5.81
5.35
5.26
4.94
4.85
4.63
4.54
4.39
4.30
4.19
4.10
4.03
3.94
3.89
3.80
3.78
3.69
3.68
3.59
3.60
3.51
3.52
3.43
3.46
3.37
3.40
3.31
3.35
3.26
3.30
3.21
3.26
3.17
3.22
3.13
3.18
3.09
3.15
3.06
3.12
3.03
3.09
3.00
3.07
2.98
3.04
2.96
3.02
2.93
3.00
2.91
2.98
2.89
2.96
2.88
2.95
2.86
2.93
2.84
2.92
2.83
2.90
2.81
2.89
2.80
2.83
2.74
2.78
2.70
2.72
2.63
2.67
2.59
2.64
2.55
2.61
2.52
2.59
2.50
2.57
2.49
2.56
2.47
2.54
2.45
2.52
2.43
2.51
2.42
2.50
2.41

11
6083
99.41
27.13
14.45
9.96
7.79
6.54
5.73
5.18
4.77
4.46
4.22
4.02
3.86
3.73
3.62
3.52
3.43
3.36
3.29
3.24
3.18
3.14
3.09
3.06
3.02
2.99
2.96
2.93
2.91
2.88
2.86
2.84
2.82
2.80
2.79
2.77
2.75
2.74
2.73
2.67
2.63
2.56
2.51
2.48
2.45
2.43
2.41
2.40
2.38
2.36
2.35
2.34

12
6107
99.42
27.05
14.37
9.89
7.72
6.47
5.67
5.11
4.71
4.40
4.16
3.96
3.80
3.67
3.55
3.46
3.37
3.30
3.23
3.17
3.12
3.07
3.03
2.99
2.96
2.93
2.90
2.87
2.84
2.82
2.80
2.78
2.76
2.74
2.72
2.71
2.69
2.68
2.66
2.61
2.56
2.50
2.45
2.42
2.39
2.37
2.35
2.34
2.31
2.30
2.28
2.27

13
6126
99.42
26.98
14.31
9.82
7.66
6.41
5.61
5.05
4.65
4.34
4.10
3.91
3.75
3.61
3.50
3.40
3.32
3.24
3.18
3.12
3.07
3.02
2.98
2.94
2.90
2.87
2.84
2.81
2.79
2.77
2.74
2.72
2.70
2.69
2.67
2.65
2.64
2.62
2.61
2.55
2.51
2.44
2.40
2.36
2.33
2.31
2.30
2.28
2.26
2.24
2.23
2.22

14
6143
99.43
26.92
14.25
9.77
7.60
6.36
5.56
5.01
4.60
4.29
4.05
3.86
3.70
3.56
3.45
3.35
3.27
3.19
3.13
3.07
3.02
2.97
2.93
2.89
2.86
2.82
2.79
2.77
2.74
2.72
2.70
2.68
2.66
2.64
2.62
2.61
2.59
2.58
2.56
2.51
2.46
2.39
2.35
2.31
2.29
2.27
2.25
2.23
2.21
2.20
2.18
2.17

333

CHAPTER 12. TABLES

TABLE 4.3, continued. 1% critical values for the F -DISTRIBUTION
DEN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
140
160
180
200

15
6157
99.43
26.87
14.20
9.72
7.56
6.31
5.52
4.96
4.56
4.25
4.01
3.82
3.66
3.52
3.41
3.31
3.23
3.15
3.09
3.03
2.98
2.93
2.89
2.85
2.81
2.78
2.75
2.73
2.70
2.68
2.65
2.63
2.61
2.60
2.58
2.56
2.55
2.54
2.52
2.46
2.42
2.35
2.31
2.27
2.24
2.22
2.21
2.19
2.17
2.15
2.14
2.13

16
6170
99.44
26.83
14.15
9.68
7.52
6.28
5.48
4.92
4.52
4.21
3.97
3.78
3.62
3.49
3.37
3.27
3.19
3.12
3.05
2.99
2.94
2.89
2.85
2.81
2.78
2.75
2.72
2.69
2.66
2.64
2.62
2.60
2.58
2.56
2.54
2.53
2.51
2.50
2.48
2.43
2.38
2.31
2.27
2.23
2.21
2.19
2.17
2.15
2.13
2.11
2.10
2.09

17
6181
99.44
26.79
14.11
9.64
7.48
6.24
5.44
4.89
4.49
4.18
3.94
3.75
3.59
3.45
3.34
3.24
3.16
3.08
3.02
2.96
2.91
2.86
2.82
2.78
2.75
2.71
2.68
2.66
2.63
2.61
2.58
2.56
2.54
2.53
2.51
2.49
2.48
2.46
2.45
2.39
2.35
2.28
2.23
2.20
2.17
2.15
2.13
2.12
2.10
2.08
2.07
2.06

18
6191
99.44
26.75
14.08
9.61
7.45
6.21
5.41
4.86
4.46
4.15
3.91
3.72
3.56
3.42
3.31
3.21
3.13
3.05
2.99
2.93
2.88
2.83
2.79
2.75
2.72
2.68
2.65
2.63
2.60
2.58
2.55
2.53
2.51
2.50
2.48
2.46
2.45
2.43
2.42
2.36
2.32
2.25
2.20
2.17
2.14
2.12
2.10
2.09
2.07
2.05
2.04
2.03

NUM (Numerator Degrees

19
20
22
24
6201 6209 6223 6234
99.45 99.45 99.46 99.46
26.72 26.69 26.64 26.60
14.05 14.02 13.97 13.93
9.58
9.55
9.51
9.47
7.42
7.40
7.35
7.31
6.18
6.16
6.11
6.07
5.38
5.36
5.32
5.28
4.83
4.81
4.77
4.73
4.43
4.41
4.36
4.33
4.12
4.10
4.06
4.02
3.88
3.86
3.82
3.78
3.69
3.66
3.62
3.59
3.53
3.51
3.46
3.43
3.40
3.37
3.33
3.29
3.28
3.26
3.22
3.18
3.19
3.16
3.12
3.08
3.10
3.08
3.03
3.00
3.03
3.00
2.96
2.92
2.96
2.94
2.90
2.86
2.90
2.88
2.84
2.80
2.85
2.83
2.78
2.75
2.80
2.78
2.74
2.70
2.76
2.74
2.70
2.66
2.72
2.70
2.66
2.62
2.69
2.66
2.62
2.58
2.66
2.63
2.59
2.55
2.63
2.60
2.56
2.52
2.60
2.57
2.53
2.49
2.57
2.55
2.51
2.47
2.55
2.52
2.48
2.45
2.53
2.50
2.46
2.42
2.51
2.48
2.44
2.40
2.49
2.46
2.42
2.38
2.47
2.44
2.40
2.36
2.45
2.43
2.38
2.35
2.44
2.41
2.37
2.33
2.42
2.40
2.35
2.32
2.41
2.38
2.34
2.30
2.39
2.37
2.33
2.29
2.34
2.31
2.27
2.23
2.29
2.27
2.22
2.18
2.22
2.20
2.15
2.12
2.18
2.15
2.11
2.07
2.14
2.12
2.07
2.03
2.11
2.09
2.04
2.00
2.09
2.07
2.02
1.98
2.07
2.05
2.00
1.96
2.06
2.03
1.99
1.95
2.04
2.01
1.97
1.93
2.02
1.99
1.95
1.91
2.01
1.98
1.94
1.90
2.00
1.97
1.93
1.89

of Freedom)
27
30
6249 6260
99.46 99.47
26.55 26.50
13.88 13.84
9.42
9.38
7.27
7.23
6.03
5.99
5.23
5.20
4.68
4.65
4.28
4.25
3.98
3.94
3.74
3.70
3.54
3.51
3.38
3.35
3.25
3.21
3.14
3.10
3.04
3.00
2.95
2.92
2.88
2.84
2.81
2.78
2.76
2.72
2.70
2.67
2.66
2.62
2.61
2.58
2.58
2.54
2.54
2.50
2.51
2.47
2.48
2.44
2.45
2.41
2.42
2.39
2.40
2.36
2.38
2.34
2.36
2.32
2.34
2.30
2.32
2.28
2.30
2.26
2.28
2.25
2.27
2.23
2.26
2.22
2.24
2.20
2.18
2.14
2.14
2.10
2.07
2.03
2.02
1.98
1.98
1.94
1.96
1.92
1.93
1.89
1.92
1.88
1.90
1.86
1.88
1.84
1.86
1.82
1.85
1.81
1.84
1.79

40
6286
99.48
26.41
13.75
9.29
7.14
5.91
5.12
4.57
4.17
3.86
3.62
3.43
3.27
3.13
3.02
2.92
2.84
2.76
2.69
2.64
2.58
2.54
2.49
2.45
2.42
2.38
2.35
2.33
2.30
2.27
2.25
2.23
2.21
2.19
2.18
2.16
2.14
2.13
2.11
2.05
2.01
1.94
1.89
1.85
1.82
1.80
1.78
1.76
1.74
1.72
1.71
1.69

60
6313
99.48
26.32
13.65
9.20
7.06
5.82
5.03
4.48
4.08
3.78
3.54
3.34
3.18
3.05
2.93
2.83
2.75
2.67
2.61
2.55
2.50
2.45
2.40
2.36
2.33
2.29
2.26
2.23
2.21
2.18
2.16
2.14
2.12
2.10
2.08
2.06
2.05
2.03
2.02
1.96
1.91
1.84
1.78
1.75
1.72
1.69
1.67
1.66
1.63
1.61
1.60
1.58

100
6334
99.49
26.24
13.58
9.13
6.99
5.75
4.96
4.41
4.01
3.71
3.47
3.27
3.11
2.98
2.86
2.76
2.68
2.60
2.54
2.48
2.42
2.37
2.33
2.29
2.25
2.22
2.19
2.16
2.13
2.11
2.08
2.06
2.04
2.02
2.00
1.98
1.97
1.95
1.94
1.88
1.82
1.75
1.70
1.65
1.62
1.60
1.58
1.56
1.53
1.51
1.49
1.48

200
6350
99.49
26.18
13.52
9.08
6.93
5.70
4.91
4.36
3.96
3.66
3.41
3.22
3.06
2.92
2.81
2.71
2.62
2.55
2.48
2.42
2.36
2.32
2.27
2.23
2.19
2.16
2.13
2.10
2.07
2.04
2.02
2.00
1.98
1.96
1.94
1.92
1.90
1.89
1.87
1.81
1.76
1.68
1.62
1.58
1.55
1.52
1.50
1.48
1.45
1.42
1.41
1.39

334

INTROSTAT
(0.005)

TABLE 4.4. 0.5% critical values for the F -DISTRIBUTION, i.e. the value of FNUM,DEN
where NUM and DEN are the numerator and denominator degrees of freedom respectively
DEN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
140
160
180
200

1
16212
198.5
55.55
31.33
22.78
18.63
16.24
14.69
13.61
12.83
12.23
11.75
11.37
11.06
10.80
10.58
10.38
10.22
10.07
9.94
9.83
9.73
9.63
9.55
9.48
9.41
9.34
9.28
9.23
9.18
9.13
9.09
9.05
9.01
8.98
8.94
8.91
8.88
8.85
8.83
8.71
8.63
8.49
8.40
8.33
8.28
8.24
8.21
8.18
8.13
8.10
8.08
8.06

2
19997
199.0
49.80
26.28
18.31
14.54
12.40
11.04
10.11
9.43
8.91
8.51
8.19
7.92
7.70
7.51
7.35
7.21
7.09
6.99
6.89
6.81
6.73
6.66
6.60
6.54
6.49
6.44
6.40
6.35
6.32
6.28
6.25
6.22
6.19
6.16
6.13
6.11
6.09
6.07
5.97
5.90
5.79
5.72
5.67
5.62
5.59
5.56
5.54
5.50
5.48
5.46
5.44

3
21614
199.2
47.47
24.26
16.53
12.92
10.88
9.60
8.72
8.08
7.60
7.23
6.93
6.68
6.48
6.30
6.16
6.03
5.92
5.82
5.73
5.65
5.58
5.52
5.46
5.41
5.36
5.32
5.28
5.24
5.20
5.17
5.14
5.11
5.09
5.06
5.04
5.02
5.00
4.98
4.89
4.83
4.73
4.66
4.61
4.57
4.54
4.52
4.50
4.47
4.44
4.42
4.41

4
22501
199.2
46.20
23.15
15.56
12.03
10.05
8.81
7.96
7.34
6.88
6.52
6.23
6.00
5.80
5.64
5.50
5.37
5.27
5.17
5.09
5.02
4.95
4.89
4.84
4.79
4.74
4.70
4.66
4.62
4.59
4.56
4.53
4.50
4.48
4.46
4.43
4.41
4.39
4.37
4.29
4.23
4.14
4.08
4.03
3.99
3.96
3.94
3.92
3.89
3.87
3.85
3.84

NUM (Numerator Degrees of Freedom)

5
6
7
8
9
10
23056 23440 23715 23924 24091 24222
199.3 199.3 199.4 199.4 199.4 199.4
45.39 44.84 44.43 44.13 43.88 43.68
22.46 21.98 21.62 21.35 21.14 20.97
14.94 14.51 14.20 13.96 13.77 13.62
11.46 11.07 10.79 10.57 10.39 10.25
9.52
9.16
8.89
8.68
8.51
8.38
8.30
7.95
7.69
7.50
7.34
7.21
7.47
7.13
6.88
6.69
6.54
6.42
6.87
6.54
6.30
6.12
5.97
5.85
6.42
6.10
5.86
5.68
5.54
5.42
6.07
5.76
5.52
5.35
5.20
5.09
5.79
5.48
5.25
5.08
4.94
4.82
5.56
5.26
5.03
4.86
4.72
4.60
5.37
5.07
4.85
4.67
4.54
4.42
5.21
4.91
4.69
4.52
4.38
4.27
5.07
4.78
4.56
4.39
4.25
4.14
4.96
4.66
4.44
4.28
4.14
4.03
4.85
4.56
4.34
4.18
4.04
3.93
4.76
4.47
4.26
4.09
3.96
3.85
4.68
4.39
4.18
4.01
3.88
3.77
4.61
4.32
4.11
3.94
3.81
3.70
4.54
4.26
4.05
3.88
3.75
3.64
4.49
4.20
3.99
3.83
3.69
3.59
4.43
4.15
3.94
3.78
3.64
3.54
4.38
4.10
3.89
3.73
3.60
3.49
4.34
4.06
3.85
3.69
3.56
3.45
4.30
4.02
3.81
3.65
3.52
3.41
4.26
3.98
3.77
3.61
3.48
3.38
4.23
3.95
3.74
3.58
3.45
3.34
4.20
3.92
3.71
3.55
3.42
3.31
4.17
3.89
3.68
3.52
3.39
3.29
4.14
3.86
3.66
3.49
3.37
3.26
4.11
3.84
3.63
3.47
3.34
3.24
4.09
3.81
3.61
3.45
3.32
3.21
4.06
3.79
3.58
3.42
3.30
3.19
4.04
3.77
3.56
3.40
3.28
3.17
4.02
3.75
3.54
3.39
3.26
3.15
4.00
3.73
3.53
3.37
3.24
3.13
3.99
3.71
3.51
3.35
3.22
3.12
3.91
3.64
3.43
3.28
3.15
3.04
3.85
3.58
3.38
3.22
3.09
2.99
3.76
3.49
3.29
3.13
3.01
2.90
3.70
3.43
3.23
3.08
2.95
2.85
3.65
3.39
3.19
3.03
2.91
2.80
3.62
3.35
3.15
3.00
2.87
2.77
3.59
3.33
3.13
2.97
2.85
2.74
3.57
3.30
3.11
2.95
2.83
2.72
3.55
3.28
3.09
2.93
2.81
2.71
3.52
3.26
3.06
2.91
2.78
2.68
3.50
3.24
3.04
2.88
2.76
2.66
3.48
3.22
3.02
2.87
2.74
2.64
3.47
3.21
3.01
2.86
2.73
2.63

11
24334
199.4
43.52
20.82
13.49
10.13
8.27
7.10
6.31
5.75
5.32
4.99
4.72
4.51
4.33
4.18
4.05
3.94
3.84
3.76
3.68
3.61
3.55
3.50
3.45
3.40
3.36
3.32
3.29
3.25
3.22
3.20
3.17
3.15
3.12
3.10
3.08
3.06
3.05
3.03
2.96
2.90
2.82
2.76
2.72
2.68
2.66
2.64
2.62
2.59
2.57
2.56
2.54

12
24427
199.4
43.39
20.70
13.38
10.03
8.18
7.01
6.23
5.66
5.24
4.91
4.64
4.43
4.25
4.10
3.97
3.86
3.76
3.68
3.60
3.54
3.47
3.42
3.37
3.33
3.28
3.25
3.21
3.18
3.15
3.12
3.09
3.07
3.05
3.03
3.01
2.99
2.97
2.95
2.88
2.82
2.74
2.68
2.64
2.61
2.58
2.56
2.54
2.52
2.50
2.48
2.47

13
24505
199.4
43.27
20.60
13.29
9.95
8.10
6.94
6.15
5.59
5.16
4.84
4.57
4.36
4.18
4.03
3.90
3.79
3.70
3.61
3.54
3.47
3.41
3.35
3.30
3.26
3.22
3.18
3.15
3.11
3.08
3.06
3.03
3.01
2.98
2.96
2.94
2.92
2.90
2.89
2.82
2.76
2.68
2.62
2.58
2.54
2.52
2.50
2.48
2.45
2.43
2.42
2.40

14
24572
199.4
43.17
20.51
13.21
9.88
8.03
6.87
6.09
5.53
5.10
4.77
4.51
4.30
4.12
3.97
3.84
3.73
3.64
3.55
3.48
3.41
3.35
3.30
3.25
3.20
3.16
3.12
3.09
3.06
3.03
3.00
2.97
2.95
2.93
2.90
2.88
2.87
2.85
2.83
2.76
2.70
2.62
2.56
2.52
2.49
2.46
2.44
2.42
2.40
2.38
2.36
2.35

335

CHAPTER 12. TABLES

TABLE 4.4, continued. 0.5% critical values for the F -DISTRIBUTION (continued)
DEN
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
140
160
180
200

15
24632
199.4
43.08
20.44
13.15
9.81
7.97
6.81
6.03
5.47
5.05
4.72
4.46
4.25
4.07
3.92
3.79
3.68
3.59
3.50
3.43
3.36
3.30
3.25
3.20
3.15
3.11
3.07
3.04
3.01
2.98
2.95
2.92
2.90
2.88
2.85
2.83
2.82
2.80
2.78
2.71
2.65
2.57
2.51
2.47
2.44
2.41
2.39
2.37
2.35
2.33
2.31
2.30

16
24684
199.4
43.01
20.37
13.09
9.76
7.91
6.76
5.98
5.42
5.00
4.67
4.41
4.20
4.02
3.87
3.75
3.64
3.54
3.46
3.38
3.31
3.25
3.20
3.15
3.11
3.07
3.03
2.99
2.96
2.93
2.90
2.88
2.85
2.83
2.81
2.79
2.77
2.75
2.74
2.66
2.61
2.53
2.47
2.43
2.39
2.37
2.35
2.33
2.30
2.28
2.26
2.25

17
24728
199.4
42.94
20.31
13.03
9.71
7.87
6.72
5.94
5.38
4.96
4.63
4.37
4.16
3.98
3.83
3.71
3.60
3.50
3.42
3.34
3.27
3.21
3.16
3.11
3.07
3.03
2.99
2.95
2.92
2.89
2.86
2.84
2.81
2.79
2.77
2.75
2.73
2.71
2.70
2.62
2.57
2.49
2.43
2.39
2.35
2.33
2.31
2.29
2.26
2.24
2.22
2.21

18
24766
199.4
42.88
20.26
12.98
9.66
7.83
6.68
5.90
5.34
4.92
4.59
4.33
4.12
3.95
3.80
3.67
3.56
3.46
3.38
3.31
3.24
3.18
3.12
3.08
3.03
2.99
2.95
2.92
2.89
2.86
2.83
2.80
2.78
2.76
2.73
2.71
2.70
2.68
2.66
2.59
2.53
2.45
2.39
2.35
2.32
2.29
2.27
2.25
2.22
2.20
2.19
2.18

NUM (Numerator Degrees of Freedom)

19
20
22
24
27
30
24803 24837 24892 24937 24997 25041
199.4 199.4 199.4 199.4 199.5 199.5
42.83 42.78 42.69 42.62 42.54 42.47
20.21 20.17 20.09 20.03 19.95 19.89
12.94 12.90 12.84 12.78 12.71 12.66
9.62
9.59
9.53
9.47
9.41
9.36
7.79
7.75
7.69
7.64
7.58
7.53
6.64
6.61
6.55
6.50
6.44
6.40
5.86
5.83
5.78
5.73
5.67
5.62
5.31
5.27
5.22
5.17
5.12
5.07
4.89
4.86
4.80
4.76
4.70
4.65
4.56
4.53
4.48
4.43
4.38
4.33
4.30
4.27
4.22
4.17
4.12
4.07
4.09
4.06
4.01
3.96
3.91
3.86
3.91
3.88
3.83
3.79
3.73
3.69
3.76
3.73
3.68
3.64
3.58
3.54
3.64
3.61
3.56
3.51
3.46
3.41
3.53
3.50
3.45
3.40
3.35
3.30
3.43
3.40
3.35
3.31
3.25
3.21
3.35
3.32
3.27
3.22
3.17
3.12
3.27
3.24
3.19
3.15
3.09
3.05
3.21
3.18
3.12
3.08
3.03
2.98
3.15
3.12
3.06
3.02
2.97
2.92
3.09
3.06
3.01
2.97
2.91
2.87
3.04
3.01
2.96
2.92
2.86
2.82
3.00
2.97
2.92
2.87
2.82
2.77
2.96
2.93
2.88
2.83
2.78
2.73
2.92
2.89
2.84
2.79
2.74
2.69
2.88
2.86
2.80
2.76
2.70
2.66
2.85
2.82
2.77
2.73
2.67
2.63
2.82
2.79
2.74
2.70
2.64
2.60
2.80
2.77
2.71
2.67
2.61
2.57
2.77
2.74
2.69
2.64
2.59
2.54
2.75
2.72
2.66
2.62
2.56
2.52
2.72
2.69
2.64
2.60
2.54
2.50
2.70
2.67
2.62
2.58
2.52
2.48
2.68
2.65
2.60
2.56
2.50
2.46
2.66
2.63
2.58
2.54
2.48
2.44
2.64
2.62
2.56
2.52
2.46
2.42
2.63
2.60
2.55
2.50
2.45
2.40
2.56
2.53
2.47
2.43
2.37
2.33
2.50
2.47
2.42
2.37
2.32
2.27
2.42
2.39
2.33
2.29
2.23
2.19
2.36
2.33
2.28
2.23
2.17
2.13
2.32
2.29
2.23
2.19
2.13
2.08
2.28
2.25
2.20
2.15
2.10
2.05
2.26
2.23
2.17
2.13
2.07
2.02
2.24
2.21
2.15
2.11
2.05
2.00
2.22
2.19
2.13
2.09
2.03
1.98
2.19
2.16
2.11
2.06
2.00
1.96
2.17
2.14
2.09
2.04
1.98
1.93
2.15
2.12
2.07
2.02
1.97
1.92
2.14
2.11
2.06
2.01
1.95
1.91

40
25146
199.5
42.31
19.75
12.53
9.24
7.42
6.29
5.52
4.97
4.55
4.23
3.97
3.76
3.59
3.44
3.31
3.20
3.11
3.02
2.95
2.88
2.82
2.77
2.72
2.67
2.63
2.59
2.56
2.52
2.49
2.47
2.44
2.42
2.39
2.37
2.35
2.33
2.31
2.30
2.22
2.16
2.08
2.02
1.97
1.94
1.91
1.89
1.87
1.84
1.82
1.80
1.79

60
25254
199.5
42.15
19.61
12.40
9.12
7.31
6.18
5.41
4.86
4.45
4.12
3.87
3.66
3.48
3.33
3.21
3.10
3.00
2.92
2.84
2.77
2.71
2.66
2.61
2.56
2.52
2.48
2.45
2.42
2.38
2.36
2.33
2.30
2.28
2.26
2.24
2.22
2.20
2.18
2.11
2.05
1.96
1.90
1.85
1.82
1.79
1.77
1.75
1.72
1.69
1.68
1.66

100
25339
199.5
42.02
19.50
12.30
9.03
7.22
6.09
5.32
4.77
4.36
4.04
3.78
3.57
3.39
3.25
3.12
3.01
2.91
2.83
2.75
2.69
2.62
2.57
2.52
2.47
2.43
2.39
2.36
2.32
2.29
2.26
2.24
2.21
2.19
2.17
2.14
2.12
2.11
2.09
2.01
1.95
1.86
1.80
1.75
1.71
1.68
1.66
1.64
1.60
1.58
1.56
1.54

200
25399
199.5
41.92
19.41
12.22
8.95
7.15
6.02
5.26
4.71
4.29
3.97
3.71
3.50
3.33
3.18
3.05
2.94
2.85
2.76
2.68
2.62
2.56
2.50
2.45
2.40
2.36
2.32
2.29
2.25
2.22
2.19
2.16
2.14
2.11
2.09
2.07
2.05
2.03
2.01
1.93
1.87
1.78
1.71
1.66
1.62
1.59
1.56
1.54
1.51
1.48
1.46
1.44

336

INTROSTAT

TABLE 5. CORRELATION COEFFICIENT. Critical values of the correlation coefficients for one-sided tests of the null hypothesis H0 : = 0 (where degrees of freedom =
sample size - 2)
Deg. of
Freedom
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
45
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
140
160
180
200

0.4
0.3090
0.2000
0.1577
0.1341
0.1186
0.1075
0.0990
0.0922
0.0867
0.0820
0.0780
0.0746
0.0715
0.0688
0.0664
0.0643
0.0623
0.0605
0.0588
0.0573
0.0559
0.0546
0.0534
0.0522
0.0511
0.0501
0.0492
0.0483
0.0474
0.0466
0.0458
0.0451
0.0444
0.0437
0.0431
0.0425
0.0419
0.0414
0.0408
0.0403
0.0380
0.0360
0.0328
0.0304
0.0284
0.0268
0.0254
0.0242
0.0232
0.0214
0.0201
0.0189
0.0179

0.3
0.5878
0.4000
0.3197
0.2735
0.2427
0.2204
0.2032
0.1895
0.1783
0.1688
0.1607
0.1536
0.1474
0.1419
0.1370
0.1326
0.1285
0.1248
0.1214
0.1183
0.1154
0.1127
0.1102
0.1078
0.1056
0.1036
0.1016
0.0997
0.0980
0.0963
0.0947
0.0932
0.0918
0.0904
0.0891
0.0878
0.0866
0.0855
0.0844
0.0833
0.0785
0.0744
0.0679
0.0628
0.0588
0.0554
0.0525
0.0501
0.0479
0.0444
0.0415
0.0391
0.0371

0.2
0.8090
0.6000
0.4919
0.4257
0.3803
0.3468
0.3208
0.2998
0.2825
0.2678
0.2552
0.2443
0.2346
0.2260
0.2183
0.2113
0.2049
0.1991
0.1938
0.1888
0.1843
0.1800
0.1760
0.1723
0.1688
0.1655
0.1624
0.1594
0.1567
0.1540
0.1515
0.1491
0.1468
0.1446
0.1425
0.1405
0.1386
0.1368
0.1350
0.1333
0.1257
0.1192
0.1088
0.1007
0.0942
0.0888
0.0842
0.0803
0.0769
0.0712
0.0666
0.0628
0.0595

0.1
0.9511
0.8000
0.6870
0.6084
0.5509
0.5067
0.4716
0.4428
0.4187
0.3981
0.3802
0.3646
0.3507
0.3383
0.3271
0.3170
0.3077
0.2992
0.2914
0.2841
0.2774
0.2711
0.2653
0.2598
0.2546
0.2497
0.2451
0.2407
0.2366
0.2327
0.2289
0.2254
0.2220
0.2187
0.2156
0.2126
0.2097
0.2070
0.2043
0.2018
0.1903
0.1806
0.1650
0.1528
0.1430
0.1348
0.1279
0.1220
0.1168
0.1082
0.1012
0.0954
0.0905

Probability Level (P)

0.05
0.025
0.01
0.9877 0.9969 0.9995
0.9000 0.9500 0.9800
0.8054 0.8783 0.9343
0.7293 0.8114 0.8822
0.6694 0.7545 0.8329
0.6215 0.7067 0.7887
0.5822 0.6664 0.7498
0.5494 0.6319 0.7155
0.5214 0.6021 0.6851
0.4973 0.5760 0.6581
0.4762 0.5529 0.6339
0.4575 0.5324 0.6120
0.4409 0.5140 0.5923
0.4259 0.4973 0.5742
0.4124 0.4821 0.5577
0.4000 0.4683 0.5425
0.3887 0.4555 0.5285
0.3783 0.4438 0.5155
0.3687 0.4329 0.5034
0.3598 0.4227 0.4921
0.3515 0.4132 0.4815
0.3438 0.4044 0.4716
0.3365 0.3961 0.4622
0.3297 0.3882 0.4534
0.3233 0.3809 0.4451
0.3172 0.3739 0.4372
0.3115 0.3673 0.4297
0.3061 0.3610 0.4226
0.3009 0.3550 0.4158
0.2960 0.3494 0.4093
0.2913 0.3440 0.4032
0.2869 0.3388 0.3972
0.2826 0.3338 0.3916
0.2785 0.3291 0.3862
0.2746 0.3246 0.3810
0.2709 0.3202 0.3760
0.2673 0.3160 0.3712
0.2638 0.3120 0.3665
0.2605 0.3081 0.3621
0.2573 0.3044 0.3578
0.2429 0.2876 0.3384
0.2306 0.2732 0.3218
0.2108 0.2500 0.2948
0.1954 0.2319 0.2737
0.1829 0.2172 0.2565
0.1726 0.2050 0.2422
0.1638 0.1946 0.2301
0.1562 0.1857 0.2196
0.1496 0.1779 0.2104
0.1386 0.1648 0.1951
0.1297 0.1543 0.1826
0.1223 0.1455 0.1723
0.1161 0.1381 0.1636

0.005
0.9999
0.9900
0.9587
0.9172
0.8745
0.8343
0.7977
0.7646
0.7348
0.7079
0.6835
0.6614
0.6411
0.6226
0.6055
0.5897
0.5751
0.5614
0.5487
0.5368
0.5256
0.5151
0.5052
0.4958
0.4869
0.4785
0.4705
0.4629
0.4556
0.4487
0.4421
0.4357
0.4296
0.4238
0.4182
0.4128
0.4076
0.4026
0.3978
0.3932
0.3721
0.3542
0.3248
0.3017
0.2830
0.2673
0.2540
0.2425
0.2324
0.2155
0.2019
0.1905
0.1809

0.0025
1.0000
0.9950
0.9740
0.9417
0.9056
0.8697
0.8359
0.8046
0.7759
0.7496
0.7255
0.7034
0.6831
0.6643
0.6470
0.6308
0.6158
0.6018
0.5886
0.5763
0.5647
0.5537
0.5434
0.5336
0.5243
0.5154
0.5070
0.4990
0.4914
0.4840
0.4770
0.4703
0.4639
0.4577
0.4518
0.4461
0.4406
0.4353
0.4301
0.4252
0.4028
0.3836
0.3522
0.3274
0.3072
0.2903
0.2759
0.2635
0.2526
0.2343
0.2195
0.2072
0.1968

0.001
1.0000
0.9980
0.9859
0.9633
0.9350
0.9049
0.8751
0.8467
0.8199
0.7950
0.7717
0.7501
0.7301
0.7114
0.6940
0.6777
0.6624
0.6481
0.6346
0.6219
0.6099
0.5986
0.5879
0.5776
0.5679
0.5587
0.5499
0.5415
0.5334
0.5257
0.5184
0.5113
0.5045
0.4979
0.4916
0.4856
0.4797
0.4741
0.4686
0.4634
0.4394
0.4188
0.3850
0.3583
0.3364
0.3181
0.3025
0.2890
0.2771
0.2572
0.2411
0.2276
0.2162

0.0005
1.0000
0.9990
0.9911
0.9741
0.9509
0.9249
0.8983
0.8721
0.8470
0.8233
0.8010
0.7800
0.7604
0.7419
0.7247
0.7084
0.6932
0.6788
0.6652
0.6524
0.6402
0.6287
0.6178
0.6074
0.5974
0.5880
0.5789
0.5703
0.5621
0.5541
0.5465
0.5392
0.5322
0.5254
0.5189
0.5126
0.5066
0.5007
0.4950
0.4896
0.4647
0.4432
0.4079
0.3798
0.3568
0.3375
0.3211
0.3068
0.2943
0.2733
0.2562
0.2419
0.2298

337

CHAPTER 12. TABLES

TABLE 6. RANDOM NUMBERS
1842
8411
3329
8342
9577
9260
6854
8061
2275
2453
7995
3329
3252
3308
3601
0098
8778
9149
8457
8495
9095
4716
0617
5138
8031
4685
1665
4963
9853
2125
7216
1250
0273
5217
5941
3318
5328
9697
6125
1167
8131
3646
2834
1275
3584
6847
1165
3550
8461
4416
1064
7777
2534
5210
8936

7248
4445
8483
5339
8769
1773
2385
8246
4043
4814
3188
2605
8779
4331
4656
5981
1995
1478
0337
2970
7574
0519
4677
9398
7280
8378
7644
7079
3148
6406
9245
5258
1903
1289
9609
6272
1193
1200
1531
4222
1481
5913
7394
8353
0939
2855
9721
6718
1677
5971
7573
7686
3655
9652
1425

4572
2115
3260
2103
3404
2373
3769
8313
4137
9120
3782
6814
1573
6087
9303
7971
4396
8770
8879
2976
0253
8983
1549
6245
1808
4340
3124
1734
9325
4992
6514
3548
0740
5780
5224
9021
0257
6706
1358
4936
6890
7150
8833
7434
1925
5258
3268
9068
3950
9962
6604
4441
7238
2835
9412

2884
9302
1151
0546
6018
3943
1505
5338
7436
0116
1284
2584
7410
8428
0513
1254
2959
3335
9435
1370
0485
1821
0465
3911
4177
5990
4258
4744
5830
6884
7537
8209
9576
9525
0675
1377
7574
8268
6706
4307
4665
1635
6211
1597
9936
8267
5588
2148
9131
7448
2980
1537
3066
3636
8837

7994
8052
4112
5312
1481
9952
0099
7002
0080
3097
6682
6088
5579
9502
2630
6413
3856
2938
0645
0204
5710
8257
3564
6015
1206
2445
3538
7366
0608
2229
0072
3016
4333
0266
3021
3149
9949
9867
1945
6683
1319
9083
6265
0759
6171
5406
4202
7720
6396
9187
5491
4447
3409
2114
6370

8904
8852
3867
8447
6641
8827
6685
2006
8413
3390
2307
7177
5135
8536
1838
5339
2016
7809
9860
7878
0443
5865
5332
1197
0794
9772
3387
1140
2755
4184
0474
0327
0474
4078
9678
9188
5199
9767
9360
4544
3973
9251
0290
2526
6291
2241
0905
7061
6897
8090
0816
6389
8208
3373
9426

5441
4543
2605
8218
6127
5374
9859
3462
7718
5672
9949
9473
7530
3902
3909
8307
6395
9490
4881
0410
1373
1486
3100
1071
3982
2856
8440
0655
1234
8952
6964
6596
5134
2553
6256
3245
1733
7285
4487
2686
7018
7835
0614
6989
9337
5103
3912
4316
4147
9518
7375
3353
6580
6244
3140

3710
9079
9180
1429
1974
7016
4800
8117
1638
6287
0605
9354
3195
3728
1890
7689
7847
9559
6051
1245
5404
3161
8316
1173
0841
4678
9950
7800
1817
2055
1369
6928
7357
0840
0463
2329
7618
1439
0223
3813
5907
6734
7567
5181
7515
6257
9584
8889
6032
0475
3370
1626
1837
4405
1934

5437
6915
5773
3901
3478
6559
6095
2844
9699
0050
4959
6024
0501
7258
5102
3546
2998
5777
2708
8268
2240
2184
1760
1272
6275
0456
5852
6761
4631
4474
6495
6625
6126
4898
0280
7923
9301
4446
8121
2458
3183
9149
5574
9568
2669
5163
0299
8286
7152
6221
2999
2837
6552
7593
7892

9180
6536
7800
1889
7315
4518
2221
3971
1970
4622
7336
5855
5631
3659
9500
4765
9491
1619
8592
4209
5112
6693
8025
4543
6927
2882
7082
6722
9784
3272
3049
8323
4217
2647
7587
2314
7056
0862
2470
8805
7687
4086
0261
3035
8732
5027
0328
4229
2010
3120
0813
6568
2221
2323
9781

9723
8237
5221
4345
3645
3037
2675
7014
7233
3817
9878
6495
3160
1172
5080
3620
3545
7598
6646
2157
2216
1157
5405
0762
5398
9745
7773
1563
7150
7140
1766
0292
0093
0413
8163
7092
9198
1676
9005
7690
8607
3521
2231
8052
4515
8543
4663
2406
0841
4345
6664
9476
7779
3062
0873

6911
4318
9812
3038
2797
4093
8894
4159
6456
7440
9360
9472
7705
4274
4738
6393
9076
8395
2767
8786
3844
2886
9183
7544
4793
9610
6085
9289
2934
9858
8207
5613
4184
9460
0920
1620
7181
0673
5668
8647
4695
5614
1637
3531
7913
5279
4729
7974
2457
6585
2380
1532
0149
0774
4402

8996
8966
7016
5025
5889
2778
7105
6087
5343
4984
7677
2205
5810
9787
1819
7912
5068
9259
3833
2832
7258
9580
9612
6000
8390
3496
7727
6811
6797
1481
6281
8384
7233
5841
0262
4299
4557
8778
6895
2056
3019
5243
8183
2905
9694
3970
4336
2445
9989
6205
7989
6040
0171
1321
6353

2226
4303
1899
9947
4978
4245
9735
3157
4214
0997
8020
1426
9037
3963
5066
8686
8692
3674
2632
4930
8395
0847
1306
7456
7872
2231
0785
7166
7577
0486
1673
7724
5458
5663
2477
3635
0355
2847
6050
4648
1039
6171
5952
0290
5179
6601
0791
7841
7943
8054
9032
5244
7566
2709
8856

7527
0906
6825
2428
5694
6863
6481
1573
0817
9950
3299
3400
7870
5425
3187
5065
2283
8593
2945
1139
8609
0018
7833
1904
8592
0204
9639
5880
4499
0561
3482
5840
2687
9496
4040
4807
2796
8831
1809
8243
4847
6925
3186
6655
3324
6435
6693
0896
8435
7288
7767
1436
6909
3984
5787