Civil War and Reconstruction

Chapter 1 Lesson 5
Page 78
It Matters Because:
In the end, all attempts at compromise between the North and the
South over slavery failed. The outcome of the 1860 election
triggered the first shots of the long, bloody Civil War.
Guiding Questions
What were the advantages and disadvantages for the North and
South at the start of the war?
When did the war change from a battle over preserving the Union
to a war to end slavery? What caused the change?
What important decisions had to be made concerning the fate of
the seceded states and the rights of those freed from slavery?

Two Different Countries

The Confederacy is Born

In February 1861, Montgomery, Alabama
The Constitution allowed slavery and guaranteed
slave holders rights.
Jefferson Davis chosen as president.
Confederate States of America, or the Confederacy
Confederate downfalls
Money
Economy
Lack of strong central government
Poor transportation
Smaller population

The War Between the States: War began in April

1861 At Fort Sumter. SC...Grant takes command of
UA in East..1864 Wilderness Campaign. Goal is to
move toward Richmond.

 What should happen to

Confederate leaders?
Treason?

Postwar Questions

How should new

governments be formed?
Did the South actually
leave?
How and at whose expense
was the Souths economy to
be rebuilt?

Use taxes from the North?

Should debts incurred by the
Confederate state
governments be honored?
Bonds and Paper money
What was to be done for the
freed slaves?
4 million

Southern Destruction

Different Results in Different Places

Reconstruction Slave Lands

Keep African Americans in subservent positions.
Reality of Johnson Action

1865-1866

Geography: Military Reconstruction General would be

apported military government.

Freedom
Brings
Change
Lives
of African
Americans
changed
Found families
Participated in government- voting rights
protected by military. US senators:Hiram
Revals Blanche Bruce.
700 served in southern state legislatures
1,500 in public office of some kind

Attended School
Freedmens Bureau started 4,000
schools-had no budget, no funding. Most
were volunteers.

Many moved to urban areas...Jobs

Met with prejudice in both north and south

Some went
west..Kansas-Ecodusters..Benjamin
Singleton
Became cowboys

Created their own communities

established churches, created trade

Worse than Slavery

The Impact of Reconstruction

By the mid-1870s it was clear that Reconstruction was ending.
Its fiercest leaders, Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner, had died.

Supreme Court decisions weakened Reconstruction laws

Slaughterhouse Cases

As support for Reconstruction declined, southern Democratic leaders

and supporters grew bolder.
Violence against Republicans increased
Grant did little to help

In the 1876 presidential election, Rutherford B. Hayes was given the

presidency The Compromise of 1877
Promised to withdraw federal troops from the south

The New South was born

Back to Slavery
After the troop withdrawal,
remaining Republican state
governments in the South
collapsed
Promises regarding
Civil Rights were
forgotten
Jim Crow will reign in
the south for the next
80 years
Many freedmen
became sharecroppers
or tenant farmers.