INDIAN POWER SCENARIO WITH A

THRUST ON NON- CONVENTIONAL

ENERGY RESOURCES

Presented By
Prof. A. K. Dash
Sr. Asst. Professor
Mech. Engineering
Dept.

INDIAN POWER SCENARIO

POWER IS ONE OF THE VITAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
GROWTH & PROSPERITY OF A NATION.
MORE IS THE ENERGY AVAILABILITY MORE IS THE PROGRESS
IN THE FOLLOWING FIELDS: AGRICULTURE
INDUSTRY
TRADE & COMMERCE
TRANSPORTATION
BETTER DOMESTIC LIFE ETC.

ELETRICITY-GENERATION & CONSUMPTION

TOTAL INSTALLED CAPACITY (As on 15.03.16)-2,88,665 MWe
BREAK-UP:- ( all in MW)
THERMAL- 201360
HYDRO - 42703
NUCLEAR- 5780
RES
- 38821
TOTAL GENERATION-88695 Billion Units (with a Plant Load
Factor of 64.46% & overall efficiency of 41% )
( Thermal-79611, Hydro-6075, Nuclear-2977 )
India is the 3rd largest producer of electricity ahead of Russia
& Japan but behind USA & China

Year

Target

Achieve % of target % of growth

ment

2009-10

789.511

771.551 97.73

2010-11

830.757 811.143 97.64

5.56

2011-12

855.000 876.887 102.56

8.11

2012-13

930.000 912.056 98.07

4.01

2013-14

975.000 967.150 99.19

6.04

2014-15

1023.000 1048.673 102.51

8.43

2015-16* (Upto February 1037.888 1010.995 97.41

2016)

6.6

5.06

GENERATION (GW)

DEMAND Vs GEN.
(As on Feb2016 )
Demand- 320 GW (Indl.-35%, Dom-28%,Agri21%)
Installed Capacity-288.665GW
Deficit- 32 GW
What is to be done to sustain growth of the
Nation ???

STATUS

PEOPLE WITHOUT ELECRICITY:In INDIA----------------------------120Million

In WORLD-----------------------1000 Million
12% OF PEOPLE OF WORLD WITHOUT ELETRICITY LIVE
IN INDIA ALONE.
Rural Electrification Total nos. of villages-597494,
Villages electrified-585097- 97.9%
PER CAPITA (ANNUAL) CONSUMPTION IN KWh-1010
(ODISHA-837, JHARKHAND-750, WB-515, BIHAR-117)

Contd.
USA with merely 7% of World population consumes 32% of
global electricity and India having 20% population consumes
only 2% of Global energy generation
Indias per capita consumption is 1010 KWh as against 2600
KWh of World average. About 300 million people in India still
remain without power
69.76% of Indias power generation is by burning fossil fuels
and merely 13.45% is thro use of renewable energy
resources
Alarming stock/ deposit of fossil fuels:
Coal-Total reserve up to a depth of 600m- 85,450 Million
Tons- about 130 yrs. Consumption ( at the present rate)

Contd.
OIL RESERVE-300 MT, NATURAL GAS RESERVE-73 Million
Cubic Mtrs. These would last for 20-22 Yrs.
WHAT NEXT ?
India is heading for an Energy Crisis or Total Black out
Only alternative is to harness the Renewable Energy
Resources more & more
RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES ARE:
1) Solar, 2) Wind, 3) Bio-mass & Bio-gas, 4) Geo-thermal,
5) Ocean 6) Hydo & 7) Direct Energy Conversion processes

Power Generation using RES

RENEWABLE POWER INSTALLED CAPACITY

The gross installed capacity of grid interactive renewable

power in the country stood at about 33.8 GW as on 31st
December 2015. As of December 2015, solar, wind, biomass
and small hydropower contribute about 13.60 per cent of the
total installed capacity for electricity. Renewable energy has
been witnessing over 20 per cent growth in the last five years.
From the total renewable power installed capacity of 14,400
MW at the beginning of 2009, it has reached a capacity of
38,822 MW at the end of December 2015. Wind energy
continues to dominate Indias renewable energy industry,
accounting for over 64 % of installed capacity (25,088 MW),
followed by solar power (4,879 MW), biopower (4,677 MW)
and small hydro power (4,177 MW).

Contd.
India occupies the fifth position in the world with a
wind power installed capacity of 25.1 GW. During the
year against a target of 2400 MW 1,645 MW wind
power projects were commissioned. During year up to
31st December 2015, 1119.76 MW Solar Power
Projects were commissioned.
The cumulative biomass power projects including
through baggasse cogeneration with an aggregate
surplus power generation capacity of about 4761 MW
have been successfully commissioned. Biomass
gasifiers based projects of 12 kWe each are

Table 1.2 Cumulative Deployment of Various Renewable Energy Systems/Devices in the country (as on 31.12.2015)
Achievements
during 2015-16
(up to December 2015)

Sector

Cumulative
Achievements
(as on 31.12.2015)

I. GRID-INTERACTIVE POWER (CAPACITIES IN MW)

Wind Power

1,644.58

25,088.19

Small Hydro Power

121.55

4,176.90

Bio Power (Biomass & Gasification and Bagasse Cogeneration

132.00

4,550.55

12.00

127.08

Solar Power

1,119.76

4,878.87

Total

3,029.89

38,821.59

0.50

146.51

10.50

602.37

-Rural

0.20

18.15

-Industrial

8.67

160.57

Aero-Genrators/Hybrid systems

0.15

2.67

54.66

289.01

Water mills/micro hydel

0.00

17.21

Bio-gas based energy system

0.00

0.00

74.68

1,236.64

0.22

0.00

48.34

8.90

Waste to Power

II. OFF-GRID/ CAPTIVE POWER (CAPACITIES IN MWEQ)

Waste to Energy
Biomass(non-bagasse) Cogeneration
Biomass Gasifiers

SPV Systems

Total
III. OTHER RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS
Family Biogas Plants (numbers in lakh)
Solar Water Heating Collector Area (million m2)

SALIENT FEATURES OF RES

Merits: 1) These are available in nature almost free of cost
2) Produces nil or very little pollution & hence environment & ecofriendly
3) These are inexhaustible
4)They have low gestation period
Demerits: 1) The energy is available in dilute form
2) Cost of generation is very high ( as against-Rs 4.00/kWh for
Non-renewable resources)
Non continuous & uncertain availability-beyond human control
Difficulty in transmission & hence insitu power plants

WORLD RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES-Overview

Sl.

Resource

Delivered Energy

Remarks

Hydro

Electricity

Total Potential-2215 GW, India-150 GW (

only 33% utilised)

Solar

Space heating, Water

heating & Electricity

Potential-1 kW/sq. m=20MW/sq. km.

Earth continuously intercepts about 178
billion MW of Solar energy which is
about 10,000 times total global demand.
India receives about 5000 trillion kWh/yr

Wind

Electricity, Mech.
energy

Potential-45,000 MW ( Use-24760MW)

Bio-gas

Cooking, smelting,
heating, electricity

There are about 4 million Bio-gas plants

ag. a potential of 12 billion

Geothermal

Space heating, Water

heating & Electricity

About 5350 MW of heat is extracted in

Japan- used for bathing & heating

Ocean

Electricity

Potential-1026 J/yr. Only 1 plant of

240MW in opn. In France

LATEST NEWS
A Megawatt( MW) capex of Solar Power Project which was
costing Rs.14-15 Crores 5 years back, now stands at about
Rs 6-7 Crores.
India needs about $200 billion to build 175 GW of
Renewable energy capacity.
Reputed Renewable Energy Producers in India:
1. Re New Power
2. Suzlon
A Canadian company- Sky Power is coming in a big way to
invest in India

GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS:
What is the current commitment of the government
regarding renewable energies?
India is very much involved in developing the use of
renewable energies and is trying to make the
opportunity for investors more attractive than costly.
a) Financing Sources and Incentives to promote
renewable energy technologies in the country, the
government has put in place some subsidies & fiscal
incentives. The Indian Renewable Energy Development
Agency has been set up under Ministry for NonConventional Energy Sources and is a specialized
financing agency to promote and finance renewable
energy projects.

Contd..

Following is a short list of new measures: Income tax

breaks Accelerated depreciation Custom duty/duty free
import concessions Capital/Interest subsidy Incentives
for preparation of Detailed Project Reports (DPR) and
feasibility reports More details are as follows: 100 percent
income tax exemption for any continuous block of power
for 10 years in the first 15 years of operations providers of
finance to such projects are exempt from tax on any
income by way of dividends, interest or long-term capital
gains from investment made in such projects on or after
June 1, 1998 by way of shares or long-term finance
accelerated 100-percent depreciation on specified
renewable energy-based devices or projects accelerated
depreciation of 80 percent in the first year of operations
interest rate subsidies to promote commercialization of
new technology lower customs and excise duties for
specified equipment exemption or reduced rates of central
and state taxes.

Contd..
Ministry for Non-Conventional Energy Sources mix of fiscal and
financial benefits: 2/3rd of the project cost subject to a
maximum of Rs. 2.00 crore per 100 KW for procurement of
modules, structures, power conditioning units, cabling etc. to the
implementing agency. The balance cost on land, extension of grid
lines, transformers, civil works, foundation and erection and
commissioning, etc. is met by the implementing agency. Up to
Rs.1.0 lakh for the preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)
for the grid interactive SPV power projects. 2.5 percent of its
share of project cost, subject to a maximum of Rs.5 lakhs for
performance evaluation, monitoring, report writing, etc. to the
State Nodal Agency. Interest subsidy of up to 4 percent to
Financial Institutions including IREDA, Nationalized Banks etc. for
captive power projects of maximum capacity 200 KW by industry.

STRATEGY
Focus on low cost generation with proper fuel mix.
Optimum capacity utilization through technology up
gradation and controlling cost.
Minimizing T&D Loses.
Effective control on power theft.
Proper upkeepment of distribution equipments etc.
Maximum utilization of Non-Conventional energy
resources

References
Annual reportGovt. of India -Ministry of New &
Renewable Energy
Central Electricity Authority of India
Wikipedia & Internet
Non-conventional Energy Resources-Text book by B
H Khan
Non-conventional Energy Resources-Text book by
Hasan Sayeed