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100 (%)
LVPWd
0.725
0.425
0.007184 (cm )
BSA = H
Screen.
IVSd
LVPWd
IVSs
LVPWs
EDV =
7.0
LVIDd 3
2.4 + LVIDd
EDV = LVIDd 3
129
Gibson :
Reference: Pombo, J.F., et. al. Left Ventricular Volumes and Ejection Fractioin by
Cubed :
Reference: Teichholz, L.E., Kreulen, T., Herman, M.V., et. al. Problems in
Teichholz :
IVSs / LVPWs =
Systole)
IVSd / LVPWd =
BSA can be calculated by entering patients weight and height in New Patient Input
Diastole)
LVPW % =
Cardiology 2D
Cardiology Reference
ESV =
7.0
LVIDs 3
2.4 + LVIDs
ESV = LVIDs 3
( SV HR)
CO =
1000
SI = SV / BSA
SV = ( EDV ESV ) ( ml )
Gibson :
Reference: Pombo, J.F., et. al. Left Ventricular Volumes and Ejection Fractioin by
Cubed :
Reference: Teichholz, L.E., Kreulen, T., Herman, M.V., et. al. Problems in
Teichholz :
130
( EDV ESV )
100 (%)
EDV
( LVIDd LVIDs)
100 (%)
LVIDd
two scan planes. The calculation of volume for both methods (2-chamber or the 4-
MOD is used for calculation left ventricular volume from measurements taken in
LV Mass Index
LV Mass
FS =
Reference: Oh, J.K., Seward, J.B., Tajik, A.J. The Echo Manual Boston: Little,
EF =
CI = CO / BSA
LV Vol. (Bullet)
LV Vol. (A/L)
5
LVAd LVLd
6
LVLd LVLs
100 (%)
LVLd
LVAd LVAs
100 (%)
LVAd
L2 : LVLd apical
LV Mass Index
Epi. Area
MyoThick =
(cm)
where,
5
5
LVMass = 1.05 A1 L1 A2 L 2 ( g )
6
6
LV Mass
% FAC =
% FS =
5
ESV = LVAs LVLs
6
EDV =
131
LA Major LA Minor
Vol. =
(ml)
4
LA Major LA Minor LA Diam (ml)
3
2
2
2
LA Volume
Vol. =
LA Area
132
4
Diam1 Diam2 Diam3 (ml)
3
2
2
2
IVCdiamExp IVCdiamInsp
100 (%)
IVCdiamInsp
RVOTarea =
SVCdiamExp SVCdiamInsp
100 (%)
SVCdiamInsp
RVOTdiam 2 (cm2)
4
LVOTdiam 2 (cm2)
RVOT Area
LVOTarea =
LVOT Area
SVCIns / Exp =
IVCIns / Exp =
RA Volume Index
Vol. =
RA Volume
LA Volume Index
TVarea =
TVdiam2 (cm2)
MVarea =
MVdiam1 MVdiam2
Left Ventricle
Cardiology M mode
133
ESV =
7.0
LVIDs 3
2.4 + LVIDs
ESV = LVIDs 3
EDV = LVIDd
Reference: Pombo, J.F., et. al. Left Ventricular Volumes and Ejection Fractioin by
Cubed
CO =
( SV HR)
1000
SI = SV / BSA (ml / m2 )
Reference: Pombo, J.F., et. al. Left Ventricular Volumes and Ejection Fractioin by
Cubed
Reference: Teichholz, L.E., Kreulen, T., Herman, M.V., et. al. Problems in
Teichholz
Reference: Teichholz, L.E., Kreulen, T., Herman, M.V., et. al. Problems in
134
( LVIDd LVIDs)
100 (%)
LVIDd
RV PEP
RV PEP / ET =
RV ET
Right Ventricle
LV Mass Index
Reference: Oh, J.K., Seward, J.B. The Echo Manual. Boston: Little, Brown and
LV Mass
FS =
Distance between the Mitral Valve E point and posterior edge of the
Automatically calculated from the D-E excursion the rate of change that exists
Distance between the onset of the opening of the Mitral valve at D and the
A : In atrial systole, blood is propelled through the Mitral orifice and the Mitral
leaflets reopen the peak of this phase of Mitral valve motion is indicated as A
( EDV ESV )
100 (%)
EDV
MV (Mitral Valve)
135
Reference: Oh, J.K., Seward, J.B., Tajik, A.J. The Echo Manual Boston: Little,
EF =
CI = CO / BSA
leading edge of the posterior left atrial wall echo at the level of aortic wall at the R
The distance between the trailing edge of the posterior aortic wall echo and the
The distance between the trailing echo of the anterior aortic valve leaflet and the
The distance between the leading echo of the anterior aortic wall and the leading
Ao/LA
136
LV PEP
LV ET
Area = n / 4 ( Diam) 2
Area
Area
LV PEP / ET =
or n / 4 Diam1 Diam 2
LA / Ao = LA Diam / Ao Root
LA/Ao
(cm )
PISA-Area
PISA-Radios is the radial distance of the isovelocity shell from the orifice (Figure -
1994, p.125.
PISA-Alias Vel. = Color flow velocity at radius r in cm/sec measured at the mitral
Reference: Oh, J.K., Seward, J.B., Tajik, A.J. The Echo Manual. Boston:Little,
PISA-Alias Velocity is the peak velocity of the regurgitant jet on the Doppler
137
PISA-Alias Velocity
Reference: Oh, J.K., Seward, J.B., Tajik, A.J. The Echo Manual. Boston: Little,
Cardiology C mode
Regurgitant Fraction
VTI = Velocity integral of the Regurgitant flow measured on the Doppler display
Where:
Reference: Oh, J.K., Seward, J.B., Tajik, A.J. The Echo Manual. Boston:Little,
(mmHg)
Acceleration (Acc)
to half to half of its peak value. DT is deceleration time in centimeters per second
Pressure half-time (PHT) is the time it takes for the peak pressure gradient to fall
Reference: Oh, J.K., Seward, J.B., Tajik, A.J. The Echo Manual. Boston: Little,
PG max = 4 V max 2
display.
HR(Heart Rate)
Cardiology Doppler
Vmax is the peak velocity of the mitral regurgitant jet measured on the Doppler
Reference: Oh, J.K., Seward, J.B., Tajik, A.J. The Echo Manual. Boston:Little,
138
AT
DT
AccT
EjectT
Diam 2
)
2
where,
sec
SV (Stroke Volume)
Area = (
AccT / ET =
AccT/ET
Deceleration (Dec)
cm/s
( SV HR)
1000
139
MPI = (TST ET ) / ET
Tei Index
CO =
CO (Cardiac Output)
(cm 2 )
32000
(m sec)
dp / dtTime
SV 1 = SV 2
Reference: Oh, J.K., Seward, J.B., Tajik, A.J. The Echo Manual. Boston: Little,
Area by Vmax
Area by VTI
CO =
Qp : Qs = Pulm. CO / Sys. CO
Qp : Qs
SVp : SVs
QP : QS = Pulmonic CO / Sysemic CO
Ratio of the velocity measured at systole and the velocity measured at diastole.
the Stenosis portion equals that at nonstenotic portions. This equation is valid not
Sys/Dia (Systole/Diastole)
component of pulmonary venous flow and the closure of the mitral valve.
Pulmonary atrial flow reversal duration is the time between the diastolic
Atrial reversal velocity is the peak velocity of the atrial reversal component
When there is a constant flow in a flow channel with a Stenosis, the flow volume at
CONT(Continuity Equation)
dp / dt =
dp/dt
Where ;
PHT
MVA = 220
140
141
Vsystolic Vdiastolic
Vsystolic
Vsystolic Vdiastolic
Vmean
Vsystolic
Vdiastolic
D/S =
Vdiastolic
Vsystolic
S/D =
PI =
Pulsatility Index
RI =
Resistivity Index
Vascular Reference
(mmHg)
(mmHg)
Stenosis Area
100 (%)
BloodVessel Area
StenosisDist
100 (%)
BloodVesselDist
VolumeFlow =
d2
% STD =
%STD
Reference: Jacob, Normaan M et, al., Duplex Carotid Sonography : Crieteria for
% STA =
%STA
ed PG max = 4 V 2 0.001
PG max = 4 V 2
where, PGmax :Max Pressure gradient
Pressure Gradient
142
Vsystolic Vdiastolic
Vsystolic
Vsystolic Vdiastolic
Vmean
Vsystolic
Vdiastolic
D/S =
Vdiastolic
Vsystolic
S/D =
Reference: Burns, Peter N., The Physical principles of Doppler Spectral Analysis,
PI =
Pulsatility Index
Reference: Burns, Peter N., The Physical principles of Doppler Spectral Analysis,
RI =
Resistivity Index
Urology Reference
d2
4
1 stDia 2 ndDia 3 rdDia
( ml )
3
2
2
2
4
MainDia BesideDia 2
3
2
2
Vol. =
i =1
a
4
2
i
L
, where n = 20
n
Vol. =
Vol . =
VolumeFlow =
where,
PG max = 4 V ( mmHg )
Pressure Gradient
res
143
StenosisDist
100 (%)
BloodVesselDist
Reference: Taylor K. J. W., Burns P. N., Breslau P., Clinical Applications of Doppler
% STD =
%STD
Reference: Jacob, Normaan M et, al., Duplex Carotid Sonography : Criteria for
% STA =
Stenosis Area
100 (%)
BloodVessel Area
= V pre V post
%STA
Residual Volume
EDV = LVIDd 3
Reference: Pombo, J.F., et. al. Left Ventricular Volumes and Ejection Fractioin by
Cubed
Reference: Teichholz, L.E., Kreulen, T., Herman, M.V., et. al. Problems in
Teichholz
7.0
EDV =
LVIDd 3
2.4 + LVIDd
Reference: Oh, J.K., Seward, J.B., Tajik, A.J. The Echo Manual Boston: Little,
( EDV ESV )
100 (%)
EDV
where,
EF =
( SV HR)
CO =
1000
where,
144
ESV =
7.0
LVIDs3
2.4 + LVIDs
EDV = LVIDs 3
Reference: Oh, J.K., Seward, J.B. The Echo Manual. Boston: Little, Brown and
LVmass(grams) =
LV Mass
Reference: Pombo, J.F., et. al. Left Ventricular Volumes and Ejection Fractioin by
Cubed
Reference: Teichholz, L.E., Kreulen, T., Herman, M.V., et. al. Problems in
Teichholz
Vsystolic Vdiastolic
Vsystolic
Vsystolic Vdiastolic
Vmean
Vsystolic
Vdiastolic
D/S =
Vdiastolic
Vsystolic
S/D =
PI =
Pulsatility Index
RI =
Resistivity Index
Fetus by Inferior Vena Caval Blood Flow Pattern Fetal Diagn Ther 1990; 5; 168-174
Reference: Toru Kanzaki, Yoshihide Chiba, Evaluation of the Preload Condition of the
LVIDd LVIDs
FS =
100 (%)
LVIDd
Preload Index
145