RADIOSS 12.0 Tutorials

RADIOSS 12.
0
Tutorials
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RADIOSS 12.0 Tutorials
RADIOSS
........................................................................................................................................... 1
Basic
Small Displacement Finite Element Analysis
...............................................................................................................................................
2
RD-1000:
Linear
Static
Analysis
of
a
Plate
with
a
Hole
................................................................................................................................... 3
RD-1010:
Thermal Stress Analysis of a Coffee Pot Lid
...................................................................................................................................
13
RD-1020:
Normal Modes Analysis of a Splash Shield
...................................................................................................................................
23
RD-1030:
3D
Inertia
Relief
Analysis
using
RADIOSS
................................................................................................................................... 32
RD-1040:
3D Buckling Analysis using RADIOSS
...................................................................................................................................
40
RD-1050:
Connection of Dissimilar Meshes using CWELD Elements
...................................................................................................................................
47
RD-1060:
Analysis of a Composite Aircraft Structure using PCOMPG
...................................................................................................................................
57
RD-1070:
Analysis of an Axi-symmetric Structure using RADIOSS
...................................................................................................................................
69
RD-1080:
Coupled Linear Heat Transfer/Structure Analysis
...................................................................................................................................
77
RD-1085:
Linear Steady State Heat Convection Analysis
...................................................................................................................................
88
RD-1100: Thermal Stress Analysis of a Printed Circuit Board with Anisotropic
Material
Properties
...................................................................................................................................
98
RD-1110:
Setting up a Modal Analysis
...................................................................................................................................
104
Advanced
Small Displacement Finite Element Analysis
...............................................................................................................................................
109
RD-2000:
Direct
Frequency
Response
Analysis
of
a
Flat
Plate
................................................................................................................................... 110
RD-2010:
Modal Frequency Response Analysis of a Flat Plate
...................................................................................................................................
122
RD-2020:
Direct Transient Dynamic Analysis of a Bracket
...................................................................................................................................
134
RD-2030:
Modal
Transient
Dynamic
Analysis
of
a
Bracket
................................................................................................................................... 143
RD-2040:
Nonlinear Gap Analysis of an Airplane Wing Rib
...................................................................................................................................
154
RD-2050:
Random Response Analysis of a Flat Plate
...................................................................................................................................
166
RD-2060:
Acoustic
Analysis
of
a
Half
Car
Model
................................................................................................................................... 172
RD-2070:
Fatigue (Stress - Life) Method
...................................................................................................................................
185
RD-2080:
Fatigue (Strain - Life) Method
...................................................................................................................................
213
RD-2090:
NLSTAT Analysis of Gasket Materials in Contact
...................................................................................................................................
241
RD-2100:
NLSTAT Analysis of Solid Blocks in Contact
...................................................................................................................................
254
RD-2110:
Complex Eigenvalue Analysis of a Reduced Brake System
...................................................................................................................................
266
RD-2120:
Response Spectrum Analysis of a Structure
...................................................................................................................................
271
RD-2130:
Computation of Equivalent Radiant Power
...................................................................................................................................
281
RD-2140:
Heat Transfer Analysis on Piston Rings wth GAP Elements
...................................................................................................................................
286
Large
Displacement Finite Element Analysis
...............................................................................................................................................
293
Block
Format
................................................................................................................................... 294
Bulk...................................................................................................................................
Format
590
Multi-body
Dynamics
Analysis
............................................................................................................................................... 600
RD-4000:
Dynamic Analysis of a Three-body Model using RADIOSS
...................................................................................................................................
601
Altair Engineering

Proprietary Information of Altair Engineering
RD-4010:
Dynamic Analysis of a Slider Crank with a Flexible Connecting Rod
...................................................................................................................................
613
RD-4020:
Large Displacement Analysis of a Cantilever Beam using RADIOSS
...................................................................................................................................
628
RD-4030:
Generating a Flexible Body for use in Altair MotionSolve
...................................................................................................................................
639
RD-4040:
MBD Rigid Contact
...................................................................................................................................
644
RD-4050:
Curve to Curve Constraint
...................................................................................................................................
655
RD-4060: Defining Point to Deformable Curve Joint in HM and Analysis using
RADIOSS
................................................................................................................................... 664
ii

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RADIOSS
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Basic Small Displacement Finite Element Analysis

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RD-1000: Linear Static Analysis of a Plate with a Hole

This tutorial demonstrates how to create finite elements on a given CAD geometry of a plate
with a hole, apply boundary conditions, and perform a finite element analysis of the problem.
Post-processing tools will be used in HyperView to determine deformation and stress
characteristics of the loaded plate.
The following exercises are included:
Setting up the problem in HyperMesh
Applying Loads and Boundary Conditions
Submitting the job
Viewing the results
Exercise
Step 1: Launch HyperMesh and set the RADIOSS (Bulk Data) User
Profile
1.
Launch HyperMesh.
A User Profiles Graphic User Interface (GUI) will appear.
2.
Select R AD IO SS in the User Profile dialog.
3.
From the extended list, select B ulkD a ta .
4.
Click O K.
This loads the User Profile. It includes the appropriate template, macro menu, and
import reader, paring down the functionality of HyperMesh to what is relevant for
generating models in Bulk Data Format for RADIOSS and OptiStruct.
Step 2: Open the File plate_hole.hm

1.
Click File > O pe n.

An Open Model browser window opens.
Note: If HyperMesh Desktop was launched, please use: File > O pe n > M o de l.
2.
Select the plate_hole.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
<install_directory>/tutorials/hwsolvers/radioss/.
3.
Click O pe n.
The plate_hole.hm database is loaded into the current HyperMesh session, replacing
any existing data. The database only contains geometric data.
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Set up the Problem in HyperMesh

When building models, we encourage you to create the material and property collectors
before creating the component collectors. This is the most efficient way of setting up the file
since components need to reference materials and properties.
Step 3: Create the material

1.
Click the M a te ria ls icon
2.
Make sure the create subpanel is selected using the radio buttons on the left-hand side
of the panel.
3.
Click m a t na m e = and enter steel.
4.
Click ty pe = and select ISO TR O PIC .
5.
Click ca rd im a ge = and select M AT1.
6.
Click cre a te / e dit.
The MAT1 card image appears.

If a material property in brackets does not have a value below it, it is off. To edit these
material properties, click the property in brackets you wish to edit and an entry field will
appear below it. Click the entry field and enter a value.
7.
Enter the following values for:

E as 2e5
NU as 0.3
RHO as 7.9e-09
8.
Click re turn twice.

A new material, steel, has been created. The material uses RADIOSS's linear isotropic
material model, MAT1. This material has a Young's Modulus of 2E+05 and a Poisson's
Ratio of 0.3. It is not necessary to define a density value since only a static analysis
will be performed. Density values are required, however, for other solution sequences.
At any time, the card image for this collector can be modified using the Card Editor

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Step 4: Create the properties and update the Component Collector

1.
Click the Pro pe rtie s icon
2.
of the panel.
3.
Click pro p na m e = and enter plate_hole.
4.
Click ty pe = and select 2D .
5.
Click ca rd im a ge = and select PSH E LL.
6.
Click m a te ria l = and select s te e l.
7.
The PSHELL card image appears.

8.
Click [ T] and enter 10.0 as the thickness of the plate.
9.
Click re turn twice and go back to the main menu.

The property of the shell structure has been created as 2D PSHELL. Material information
is also linked to this property.
10.
Click the C o m po ne nt icon
11.
Make sure the update subpanel is selected using the radio buttons on the left-hand side
of the panel.
12.
Click co m ps > > pla te _ho le from the list.
13.
Toggle no pro pe rty to pro pe rty = .
14.
Click pro pe rty = twice and select the pla te _ho le property from the list.
Property card image and material information are listed below the property entry field.
15.
Click upda te > re turn to go to the main menu.

The component plate_hole has been updated with a property of the same name and is
currently the Current Component (see the box in the lower right for plate_hole). This
component uses the plate_hole property definition with a thickness value of 10.0. The
material steel is referenced by this component.
At any time, the card image for this collector can be modified using the Card Editor
and the material referenced by this component collector can be changed using the
update option in the Collectors panel.
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Apply Loads and Boundary Conditions to the Model

In the following steps, the model is constrained so that two opposing edges of the four
external edges cannot move. The other two edges remain unconstrained. A total load of
1000N is applied at the edge of the hole in the positive z-direction.
Step 5: Create load collectors (spcs and forces)

1.
Click the Lo a d C o lle cto rs icon
2.
of the panel.
3.
Click lo a dco l na m e = and enter spcs.
4.
Click co lo r and select a color from the color palette.
5.
Click the cre a tio n m e tho d switch and select no ca rd im a ge from the pop-up menu.
6.
Click cre a te .
A new load collector, spcs is created.

7.
Click lo a dco l na m e = and enter forces.
8.
Click co lo r and select a different color from the color palette.
9.
Click cre a te .
A new load collector, forces is created.
10.
Click re turn to go to the main menu.
Step 6: Create constraints

1.
From Model Browser expand LoadCollectors, right-click on spcs and click M a ke

C urre nt to set spcs as the current load collector.

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2.
Click B C s > C re a te > C o ns tra ints to open the Constraints panel.
3.
Make sure nodes are selected from the entity selection switch.
4.
Click no de s and select by windo w from the pop-up extended entity selection menu.
5.
Draw a window in the graphics area encompassing the nodes to be selected (shown in
the figure).
The window is polygonal, and every mouse click creates a window vertex.
Illustration of which nodes to select for applying single point constraints.
6.
Check the box beside interior and click on s e le ct e ntitie s .
7.
Constrain dof1, dof2, dof3, dof4, dof5, and dof6 and set all of them to a value of 0.0.
Dofs with a check will be constrained, while dofs without a check will be free.
Dofs 1, 2, and 3 are x, y, and z translation degrees of freedom.
Dofs 4, 5, and 6 are x, y, and z rotational degrees of freedom.
8.
Click cre a te .
This applies the constraints to the selected nodes.
9.
Step 7: Create forces on the nodes around the hole

1.
Set your current load collector to fo rce s in Model Browser as shown before in point 1
under Step 6.
2.
Click B C s > C re a te > Fo rce s to open the Forces panel.
3.
Make sure nodes are selected from the entity selection switch.
4.
Click no de s and select by windo w from the pop-up extended entity selection menu.
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5.
Draw a window in the graphics area encompassing the nodes shown in the figure below.
The window is polygonal, and every mouse click creates a window vertex.
The following figure indicates which nodes should be selected.
Nodes selected for creating loading around hole.
6.
Check the box beside interior and click on s e le ct e ntitie s .
7.
Set the coordinate system toggle to glo ba l s y s te m .
8.
Click the v e cto r de finitio n switch and select co ns ta nt v e cto r.
9.
Click m a gnitude = and enter 21.277 (that is 1000 divided by the number of nodes 47).
10.
Click the dire ctio n de finitio n switch below magnitude =, and select z - a xis from the
pop-up menu.
11.
Click cre a te .
This creates a number of point forces, with the given magnitude in the z-direction, to be
applied to the nodes about the hole.
12.
Step 8: Create a RADIOSS subcase (also referred to as a loadstep)

1.
Click Se tup > C re a te > Lo a dSte ps to open the LoadSteps panel.
2.
Click na m e = and enter lateral force.

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3.
Click the ty pe : switch and select line a r s ta tic, if it is not already selected by default.
4.
Check the box preceding SPC.

An entry field appears to the right of SPC.
5.
Click on the e ntry field and select s pcs from the list of load collectors.
6.
Check the box preceding LOAD.

An entry field appears to the right of LOAD.
7.
Click on the e ntry field and select fo rce s from the list of load collectors.
8.
Click cre a te .
A RADIOSS subcase has been created which references the constraints in the load
collector spcs and the forces in the load collector forces.
9.
Step 9: Submitting the job

1.
From the Analysis page, enter the Radioss panel.
2.
Click s a v e a s following the input file: field.

A Save file browser window opens.
3.
Select the directory where you would like to write the RADIOSS model file and enter the
name for the model, plate_hole.fem, in the File name: field.
The .fem filename extension is the recommended extension for RADIOSS Bulk Data
Format input decks.
4.
Click Sa v e .
Note the name and location of the plate_hole.fem file displays in the input file: field.
5.
Set the export options: toggle to a ll.
6.
Set the run options: toggle to a na ly s is .
7.
Set the memory options: toggle to m e m o ry de fa ult.
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8.
Click R a dio s s .
This launches the RADIOSS job. If the job is successful, you should see new results files
in the directory from which plate_hole.fem was selected. The plate_hole.out file is
a good place to look for error messages that could help debug the input deck if any
errors are present.
The default files written to the directory are:
plate_hole.html
HTML report of the analysis, giving a summary of the problem

formulation and the analysis results.
plate_hole.out
RADIOSS output file containing specific information on the file

setup, the setup of your optimization problem, estimates for the
amount of RAM and disk space required for the run, information for
each optimization iteration, and compute time information. Review
this file for warnings and errors.
plate_hole.h3d
HyperView binary results file.
plate_hole.res
HyperMesh binary results file.
plate_hole.stat
Summary of analysis process, providing CPU information for each

step during analysis process.
Viewing the Results

Displa c e m e nt a nd St re ss results for linear static analyses are output from RADIOSS by
default. The following steps describe how to view those results in HyperView.
HyperView is a complete post-processing and visualization environment for finite element
analysis (FEA), multi-body system simulation, video and engineering data.
Step 10: View a contour plot of stresses

1.
Once you receive the message 'Proc e ss Com ple t e d Suc c e ssfully ' in the command
window, click H y pe rVie w.
HyperView is launched and the results are loaded. A message window appears to inform
of the successful model and result files loading into HyperView.
2.
Click the C o nto ur toolbar button
3.
Select the first pull-down menu below Result type: and select E le m e nt Stre s s e s [2D &
3D ] (t).
4.
Select the second pull-down menu below Result type: and select v o nM is e s .
5.
Select No ne in the field below Averaging method:.
10

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6.
Click Apply .
A contoured image representing von Mises stresses should be visible. Each element in
the model is assigned a legend color, indicating the von Mises stress value for that
element, resulting from the applied loads and boundary conditions.
7.
Click To p in the view controls from the top center to view the model, as shown in the
following figure.
von Mises stress assigned plot
What is the maximum von Mises stress value?

At what location does the model have its maximum stress?
Does this make sense based on the boundary conditions applied to the model?
Step 11: View a contour plot of displacements

1.
Select the first pull-down menu below Result type: and select D is pla ce m e nt (v ).
2.
Select the second pull-down menu below Result type: and select M a g.
3.
Click Apply .
The resulting contours represent the displacement field resulting from the applied loads
and boundary conditions.
What is the maximum Displacement value?
At what location does the model have its maximum displacement?
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11
Step 12: View the deformed shape

1.
Click Is o in the view controls (top center) to display the isometric view of the model.
2.
Click the D e fo rm e d toolbar button
3.
Set Result type: to D is pla ce m e nt(v ), Scale: to Sca le fa cto r; and Type: to Unifo rm .
4.
In the field next to Value, enter 500.
This means that the displacement results of the analysis will be multiplied by 500.
5.
For Show:, select W ire fra m e .
6.
Click Apply .
A deformed plot of your model with displacement contour should be visible, overlaid on
the original undeformed mesh. Refer to the following figure to see what the plot should
look like in isometric view.
Isometric view of deformed plot overlaid on the original undeformed mesh with model units set to 500.
12

Altair Engineering
RD-1010: Thermal Stress Analysis of a Coffee Pot Lid

In this tutorial, an existing finite element model of a plastic coffee pot lid will be used to
demonstrate how to apply constraints and perform a RADIOSS finite element analysis.
HyperView post-processing tools are used to determine deformation and stress characteristics
of the lid.
Retrieve the HyperMesh database file
Set up the problem in HyperMesh
Apply loads and boundary conditions to the model
Submit the job
View the results in HyperView
Retrieve the HyperMesh Database File
Profile
1.
Launch HyperMesh.
2.
3.
4.
Click O K.
This loads the User Profile. These profiles include the appropriate template, macro menu,
and import reader, paring down the functionality of HyperMesh to what is relevant for
User Profiles can also be accessed from the Preferences menu on the toolbar.
Step 2: Open the File coffee_lid.hm

1.

2.
Select the coffee_lid.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
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13
3.
Click O pe n.
The coffee_lid.hm database is loaded into the current HyperMesh session, replacing
any existing data. The database only contains geometric data.
Set up the Problem in HyperMesh

When building models we encourage you to create the material and property collectors before
creating the component collectors. This is the most efficient way of setting up the file since
components need to reference properties and materials.
Step 3: Create the material

The imported model has two component collectors with no materials. A material collector will
need to be created and assigned to the component collectors.
1.
Click the M o de l tab.
2.
Right-click inside the Model Browser window and activate the menu over Create and
click M a te ria l.
A Create Material window opens.
3.
In the Name: field, enter Plastic.
4.
For Card image, select M AT1.
5.
Activate the C a rd e dit m a te ria l upo n cre a tio n option and click C re a te .
6.
Enter the following values for:

E as 1137
NU as 0.26
A as 81E-6
If a quantity in brackets does not have a value below it, it is off. To change this, click
on the quantity in brackets and an entry field will appear below it. Click on the entry
field, and a value can be entered.
7.
Click re turn.
A new material, plastic, has now been created. The material uses RADIOSS' linear
isotropic material model, MAT1. This material has a Young's Modulus of 1137, a Poisson's
Ratio of 0.26, and a coefficient of linear thermal expansion of 81x10-6. It is not
necessary to define a density value since only a static analysis will be performed.
Density values are required, however, for other solution sequences .
14

Altair Engineering
Step 4: Create the properties

1.
Click the C a rd E dito r toolbar button
2.
Click the switch and select pro ps from the pop-up menu.
3.
Click pro ps and then check the box to the left of PSHELL.
4.
Click s e le ct.
5.
Click e dit.

6.
Verify the thickness value, T, is set to 2.5.

Notice that the MID entries are all set to 0. This indicates that no material properties
are being referenced by this component.
7.
Click re turn to save changes to the card image.
8.
Click pro ps and then check the box to the left of PSHELL1.
9.
Click e dit.
The PSHELL1 card image appears.
10.
Verify that the thickness value, T, is set to 2.5.

Notice that the MID entries are all set to 0. This indicates that no material properties
are being referenced by this component.
11.
12.
13.
Select the update subpanel using the radio buttons on the left-hand side of the panel.
14.
Click the yellow pro ps .
15.
Check the boxes next to PSHELL and PSHELL1 and click s e le ct.
16.
Click m a te ria l = and select pla s tic.
17.
Click upda te .
The property collectors PSHELL and PSHELL1 now reference the material plastic. If you
access the Card Editor and edit either of these property collectors, you will notice that
the MID entries are now all 1.
18.
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15
Apply Loads and Boundary Conditions to the Model

Thermal loading has already been applied to the model. In the following steps, constraints will
be applied to the model.
Step 5: Create a load collector

1.
Right-click inside the Model Browser window and activate the menu over Create and
click Lo a dC o lle cto r.
A Create Loadcollector window opens.
2.
In the Name: field, enter constraints.
3.
Leave the Card image: field set to No ne .
4.
Select a suitable color.
5.
Click C re a te .
A new load collector, constraints is created. This is now the current load collector.
Step 6: Create constraints at the corners of the spout cut-out

1.
2.
Click the e ntity s e le ctio n switch and select no de s from the pop-up menu.
3.
Select the two nodes, shown in the following figure, at the corners of the spout cut-out,
by clicking on them in the graphics area.
Selecting nodes for constraints at corners of spout cut-out.
4. Constrain only dof3.

Dofs with a check will be constrained while dofs without a check will be free.
16

Altair Engineering
5.
Select cre a te .
Two constraints are created. Constraint symbols (triangles) appear in the graphics area
at the selected nodes. The number 3 is written beside the constraint symbol, indicating
the dof constrained.
6.
In the field beside size =, enter 1.0.

Note how the size of the constraint symbols in the graphics area changes.
7.
Step 7: Create constraints opposite the spout cut-out to simulate two

hinges
1.
Click G e o m e try > C re a te > No de s > X Y Z to open the Nodes: XYZ panel.
2.
After x =, enter the value 0.0.
3.
After y =, enter the value -10.0.
4.
After z =, enter the value 0.0.
5.
Click cre a te .
A node is created with the coordinates (0, -10, 0). This indicates the centerline of
the coffee lid.
6.
7.
8.
Select the nodes in the following figure, by clicking on them in the graphics area.
C reating constraints opposite the spout cut-out to model hinges.
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17
9.
Constrain only dof1, dof2, and dof3.
10.
Click cre a te .
This creates four more constraints. Again, this is verified by the appearance of
constraint symbols in the graphics area.
11.
12.
Click the Geom radio button, and select the temp nodes panel.
13.
Click cle a r a ll.

This removes the temporary node that was created at (0, -10, 0).
14.
Step 8: Create a RADIOSS subcase (also referred to as a loadstep)

1.
2.
Click na m e = and enter brew cycle.
3.
Toggle the type: using the selection switch to select line a r s ta tic.
4.

5.
Click on the e ntry field and select co ns tra ints from the list of load collectors.
6.
Check the box preceding TEMP.

An entry field appears to the right of TEMP.
7.
Click on the e ntry field and select TH E R M AL_LO AD ING from the list of load collectors.
(Uncheck all other entries, except SPC and TEMP).
8.
Click cre a te .
collector constraints and the thermal loads in the load collector THERMAL_LOADING.
9.
Submit the Job
Step 9: Run the Analysis

1.
From the Analysis page (accessed by clicking the radio button), enter the R a dio s s
panel.
2.
Click s a v e a s ... following the input file: field.

A Save As browser window opens.
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Altair Engineering
3.
name for the model, lid_complete.fem, in the File name: field.
The .fem filename extension is the suggested extension for RADIOSS Bulk Data Format
input decks.
4.
Click Sa v e .
Note that the name and location of the lid_complete.fem file is now displayed in the
input file: field.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Click R a dio s s .
This launches the RADIOSS job. If the job is successful, new results files can be seen in
the directory where the RADIOSS model file was written. The lid_complete.out file is
a good place to look for error messages that will help to debug the input deck if any
errors are present.
The default files written to your directory are:
lid_complete.html

lid_complete.out
RADIOSS output file containing specific information on the file set

up, the set up of your optimization problem, estimates for the
amount of RAM and disk space required for the run, and compute
time information. Review this file for warnings and errors.
lid_complete.h3d
lid_complete.res
lid_complete.stat

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View the Results

Displa c e m e nt and St re ss results are output from RADIOSS for linear static analyses by
default. The following steps describe how to view those results in HyperView.
Step 10: View the deformed shape

1.
From the Radioss panel, click the H y pe rVie w button.

This should launch HyperView and load the lid_complete.h3d file, reading the model
and results.
2.
Click the W ire fra m e E le m e nts icon
on the toolbar.
3.
Set the Animation Mode to Line a r
4.
Select the Deformed panel toolbar button
5.
Set Result type: to D is pla ce m e nt (v ).
6.
Set Scale: to M o de l units and enter a value of 2.
This means that the maximum displacement will be two model units and all other
displacements will be proportional.
7.
Set the toggle under Undeformed Shape to W ire fra m e , and select Color as the
C o m po ne nt.
8.
Click Apply .
A deformed plot of the model should be visible, overlaid on the original undeformed mesh.
Refer to the following figure to see what the plot should look like in isometric view.
Does the deformed shape look correct for the boundary conditions applied to the mesh?
Isometric view of deformed plot overlaid on original undeformed mesh with model units set to 2.
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Step 11: View a contour plot of stresses and displacements

1.
Select the Contour panel toolbar button
2.
For Result type:, select D is pla ce m e nt (v ).
3.
For data type, select M a g which represents the magnitude of the displacements.
4.
Click Apply .
A contoured image of your model should be visible. The contours represent the
displacement field resulting from the applied loads and boundary conditions.
What is the maximum displacement value?
At what location does the model have its maximum displacement?
5.
For Result type:, select E le m e nt Stre s s e s (2D & 3D ).
6.
For data type, select v o nM is e s .
7.
Click Apply .
Each element in the model is assigned a legend color, indicating the von Mises stress
value for that element, resulting from the applied loads and boundary conditions.
What is the maximum von Mises stress value?
At what location does the model have its maximum stress?
8.
Click File > E xit to leave HyperView.
Step 12: Review the following points

Representation of the hinge opposite of the spout cut-out:
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21
In this analysis, the region around the hinges may be a concern. There are relatively high
stress values that must be resolved. For instance, if testing shows that the coffee pot lid
wears out around the hinge area over time, these thermal stresses could possibly cause that
fatigue.
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RD-1020: Normal Modes Analysis of a Splash Shield

In this tutorial, an existing finite element model of an automotive splash shield will be used to
demonstrate how to set up and perform a normal modes analysis. HyperMesh post-processing
tools are used to determine mode shapes of the model.
Retrieving the RADIOSS input file
Setting up the model in HyperMesh
Applying Loads and Boundary Conditions to the Model
Submitting the job
Viewing the results
The following file is needed to perform this tutorial: sshield.fem
Exercise
Profile
1.
Launch HyperMesh.
2.
3.
4.
Click O K.
This loads the User Profile. It includes the appropriate template, macro menu, and import
reader, paring down the functionality of HyperMesh to what is relevant for generating models
in Bulk Data Format for RADIOSS and OptiStruct.
Step 2: Import a Finite Element Model File in HyperMesh

1.
Click File > Im po rt > So lv e r D e ck.

An Import tab is added to your tab menu.
2.
For the File type:, select R AD IO SS (B ulkD a ta ).
3.
Select the File s icon button.

A Select RADIOSS (Bulk Data) file browser will open.
4.
Browse for sshield.fem file located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
<install_directory>/tutorials/hwsolvers/radioss/ and select the file.
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23
5.
Click O pe n.
6.
Click Im po rt, then click C lo s e to close the Import tab menu.
Step 3: Review Rigid Elements

Notice there are two rigid "spiders" in the model. To be able to distinguish the spiders clearly
in the model, click on the Shaded Elements and Mesh Lines icon
. They are placed at
locations where the shield is bolted down. This is a simplified representation of the
interaction between the bolts and the shield. It is assumed that the bolts are significantly
more rigid in comparison to the shield.
The dependent nodes of the rigid elements have all six degrees of freedom constrained.
Therefore, each "spider" connects nodes of the shell mesh together in such a way that they
do not move with respect to one another. Revert to the Wireframe Elements Skin Only
mode by clicking on the
icon.
The following steps show how to review the properties of the rigid elements.
1.
Click M e s h > E dit > 1D E le m e nts > R igids to open the Rigids panel.
2.
Click re v ie w.
3.
Select one of the rigid elements in the graphics region.

In the graphics area, HyperMesh displays the IDs of the rigid element and the two end
nodes and indicates the independent node with an 'I' and the dependent node with a 'D'.
HyperMesh also indicates the constrained degrees of freedom for the selected element,
through the dof check boxes in the Rigids panel. All rigid elements in this model should
have all dofs constrained.
4.
Step 4: Setting up the Material and Geometric Properties

The imported model has three component collectors with no materials. A material collector
needs to be created and assigned to the shell component collectors. The rigid elements do
not need to be assigned a material. Shell thickness values also need to be corrected.
1.
2.
Select the create subpanel using the radio buttons on the left-hand side of the panel.
3.
4.
Click ca rd im a ge = and select M AT1 from the pop-up menu.
5.

6.
For E, enter the value 2.0E5.
7.
For NU, enter the value 0.3.
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8.
For RHO, enter the value 7.85E-9.

If a quantity in brackets does not have a value below it, it is turned off. To change this,
click the quantity in brackets and an entry field will appear below it. Click in the entry
field, and a value can be entered.
9.
Click re turn.
A new material, steel, has now been created. The material uses RADIOSS linear
isotropic material model, MAT1. This material has a Young's Modulus of 2E+05, a
Poisson's Ratio of 0.3 and a material density of 7.85E-09. A material density is required
for the normal modes solution sequence.
At any time the card image for this collector can be modified using C a rd E dito r.
10.
Click re turn to exit the Materials Create panel.
11.
Select the C a rd E dit toolbar button
12.
Click the downward arrow to the left of the entity shown in the yellow box, select pro ps
from the extended entity list.
13.
Click the yellow pro ps button and then check the box next to design and nondesign.
14.
Click s e le ct.
15.
Make sure card image= is set to PSH E LL.
16.
Click e dit.
The PSHELL card image for the design component collector appears.
17.
Replace 0.300 in the T field with 0.25.
18.
Click re turn to save the changes to the card image.
19.
Applying Loads and Boundary Conditions to the Model (Steps 5 - 7)

The model is to be constrained using SPCs at the bolt locations, as shown in the following
figure. The constraints will be organized into the load collector 'constraints'.
To perform a normal modes analysis, a real eigenvalue extraction (EIGRL) card needs to be
referenced in the subcase. The real eigenvalue extraction card is defined in HyperMesh as a
load collector with an EIGRL card image. This load collector should not contain any other
loads.
Step 5: Create EIGRL card (to request the number of modes)

1.
2.
Select the create subpanel, using the radio buttons on the left-hand side of the panel.
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25
3.
Click lo a dco l na m e = and enter EIGRL.
4.
Click ca rd im a ge = and select E IG R L from the pop-up menu. (If no card image is
displayed, use the toggle switch and select card image from the menu).
5.
6.
For V2, enter the value 200.000.
7.
For ND, enter the value 6.

If a quantity in brackets does not have a value below it, it is turned off. To change this,
click on the quantity in brackets and an entry field will appear below it. Click on the
entry field, and a value can be entered.
8.
Step 6: Create Constraints at Bolt Locations

1.
Click lo a dco l na m e = and enter constraints.
2.
Click the switch next to ca rd im a ge and select no ca rd im a ge .
3.
Click cre a te > re turn.
4.
Selecting nodes for constraining the bolt locations
5.
Select the two nodes, shown in the figure above, at the center of the rigid spiders, by
clicking on them in the graphics area.
6.
Constrain all dofs with a value of 0.0.
7.
Click lo a d ty pe s = and select SPC .
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8.
Click cre a te .
Two constraints are created. Constraint symbols (triangles) appear in the graphics area
at the selected nodes. The number 123456 is written beside the constraint symbol, if
the label constraints is checked ON, indicating that all dofs are constrained.
9.
Click re turn to go the main menu.
Step 7: Create a Load Step to perform Normal Modes Analysis

1.
2.
Click na m e = and enter bolted.
3.
Click the ty pe : switch and select no rm a l m o de s from the pop-up menu.
4.

5.
Click on the e ntry field and select co ns tra ints from the list of load collectors.
6.
Check the box preceding METHOD(STRUCT).

An entry field appears to the right of METHOD.
7.
Click on the e ntry field and select E IG R L from the list of load collectors.
8.
Click cre a te .
collector constraints and the real eigenvalue extraction data in the load collector EIGRL
.
9.
Submitting the Job
Step 8: Save the database

1.
Click File > Sa v e As to open the Save Model As browser window.

Note: In HyperMesh Desktop, click File > Sa v e As > M o de l to save the hm file.
2.
Use the browser to select set the directory in which you want to save the file.
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27
3.
For the File name:, enter sshield_complete.hm.
4.
Click Sa v e .
Step 9: Running Normal Modes Analysis

1.
2.

3.
Select the directory where you would like to write the file and, in File name:, enter
sshield_complete.fem.
4.
Click Sa v e .
Note that the name and location of the sshield_complete.fem file shows in the input
file: field.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Click R a dio s s .
This launches the RADIOSS job.
If the job was successful, new results files can be seen in the directory where the
RADIOSS model file was written. The sshield_complete.out file is a good place to look
for error messages that will help to debug the input deck if any errors are present.
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sshield_compl HTML report of the analysis, giving

a summary of the problem
ete.html
formulation and the analysis
results.
sshield_compl RADIOSS output file containing
specific information on the file set
ete.out
up, the set up of your optimization
problem, estimates for the amount
of RAM and disk space required for
the run, information for each
optimization iteration, and
compute time information. Review
sshield_compl Hyper 3D binary results file.
ete.h3d
sshield_compl Summary of analysis process,
providing CPU information for each
ete.stat
Review the Results using HyperView

Eigenvector results are output by default, from RADIOSS for a normal modes analysis. This
section describes how to view the results in HyperView.
Step 10: Load the Model and Result Files into the Animation Window
In this step, you will load a HyperView .h3d file into the HyperView animation window.
1.
Click the H y pe rVie w button in the Radioss panel.

HyperView is launched and the sshield_complete.h3d file is loaded.
2.
Click C lo s e to exit the Message Log menu if it appears.
Step 11: View Eigen Vectors

It is helpful to view the deformed shape of a model to determine if the boundary conditions
have been defined correctly and also to check if the model is deforming as expected. In this
section, use the Deformed panel to review the deformed shape for last Mode.
1.
Click on the a nim a tio n s e le cto r switch in the lower toolbar
Anim a tio n M o de
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and select Se t M o da l

29
2.
Select the Deformed toolbar button
3.
Leave Result type: set to E ige n M o de (v ).
4.
Set Scale: to M o de l units .
5.
Set Type: to Unifo rm and enter in a scale factor of 10 for Value:.

This means that the maximum displacement will be 10 modal units and all other
Using a scale factor higher than 1.0 amplifies the deformations while a scale factor
smaller than 1.0 would reduce them. In this case, we are accentuating displacements in
all directions.
6.
Click Apply .
7.
Under Undeformed shape:, set Show: to W ire fra m e .

A deformed plot of the model overlaid on the original undeformed mesh is displayed in the
graphics area.
8.
In the Results Browser pull-down menu, you can change the view between various
subcases using the Load Case and Simulation Selection drop-down menus, as shown
below:
9.
Select Mode 6 - F=1.496557E+02 from the list to view Mode 6.
10.
To animate the mode shape, click Sta rt/ Pa us e Anim a tio n
11.
To control the animation speed, use the Animation Controls on the animation toolbar,
as shown below:
12.
Review the other mode shapes.
30

in the animation toolbar.
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Step 12: A few points to be noted

In this analysis, it was assumed that the bolts were significantly stiffer than the shield. If the
bolts needed to be made of aluminum and the shield was still made of steel, would the model
need to be modified, and the analysis run again?
It is necessary to push the natural frequencies of the splash shield above 50 Hz. With the
current model, there should be one mode that violates this constraint: Mode 1. Design
specifications allow the inner disjointed circular rib to be modified such that no significant
mass is added to the part. Is there a configuration for this rib within the above stated
constraints that will push the first mode above 50 Hz? See tutorial OS-2020 to optimize rib
locations for this part.
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31
RD-1030: 3D Inertia Relief Analysis using RADIOSS

An existing finite element model will be in this tutorial to demonstrate how HyperMesh may be
used to set-up an inertia relief analysis. The analysis is then performed using RADIOSS and
post-processed in HyperView. The figure below illustrates the structural model used for this
tutorial.
Structural model with static loads and support constraints applied.

Submitting the job
Viewing the results
Exercise
Step 1: Launch HyperMesh, set the RADIOSS (Bulk Data) User Profile
and retrieve the model file
1.
Launch HyperMesh.
2.
3.

User Profiles can also be accessed from the Preferences menu.
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4.

5.
Select the ie_carm.hm file, located in <installation_directory>/tutorials/

hwsolvers/radioss/.
6.
Click O pe n.
The ie_carm.hm database is loaded into the current HyperMesh session, replacing any
existing data.
Step 2: Create load collectors used to conduct the inertia relief analysis
In this step you will create two collectors. One for static loads and the other for constraints.
1.
Click the Lo a d C o lle cto r icon
2.
3.
Click lo a dco l na m e = and enter static_loads.
4.
5.
Click the cre a tio n m e tho d switch and select no card image from the pop-up menu.
6.
Click cre a te .
A new load collector static_loads is created.
7.
Click lo a dco l na m e = and enter SPCs.
8.
Click co lo r and select another color from the color palette.
9.
Click cre a te .
A new load collector SPCs is created.
10.
Step 3: Create the SUPORT1 required in the analysis

1.
2.
Verify the yellow entity selector is set to nodes. If not, click the switch to the left and
select nodes.
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33
3.
Select the node that sits in the middle of the multi-node rigid on the foremost
attachment point of the control arm to the chassis. This can be seen in the following
figure as 1s t co ns tra int.
4.
Deselect the degrees of freedom do f4 through do f6 by clicking to uncheck the box

beside each.
5.
Click lo a d ty pe = and select SUPO R T1 from the pop-up menu.

The load type is modified to perform inertia relief analysis.
6.
Click the cre a te button.
7.
Select the node and the rearward attachment point of the control arm of the chassis
that can be seen in the figure as 2nd co ns tra int a pplie d.
8.
Remove the do f1 and verify the no de s button remains active.
9.
Click cre a te .
Nodes to be selected for constraint boundary conditions.
10.
Create the third constraint by deselecting the do f2 and choosing the top node in the
rigid which would fasten the bottom of the shock assembly to the control arm. This can
be seen in the figure below. (Switch to the Wireframe Elements Skin Only mode by
clicking on the
11.
34
icon to view the rigid).
Click cre a te .

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Final constraint applied to control arm model.
12.
Click re turn to exit the panel.
Step 4: Create the static forces for the analysis

1.
Right-click on the static_loads collector and click M a ke C urre nt to set it as the

current load collector.
2.
3.
Verify the yellow entity selector is set to nodes. If not, click the switch and select
nodes.
4.
Select the node on the top of the rigid at the end of the control arm as shown in the
picture below.
5.
Set magnitude= to -1e+05.
6.
Click the switch beside the direction selector and select x- a xis .
7.
Click cre a te .
8.
Select the same node. (After verifying that the yellow entity selector is set to nodes
and is activated).
9.
Set magnitude = to 3e+05.
10.
Change the force orientation to the z-axis.
11.
Click cre a te .
The forces can be seen in the figure below.
12.
Click re turn and to exit the panel.
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35
Application of static forces.
Step 5: Create the RADIOSS subcase

1.
2.
Click na m e = and enter linear.
3.
Toggle the type: selection switch and select linear static.
4.

5.
Click on the e ntry field and select static_loads from the list of load collectors.
6.
Check the box preceding SUPORT1.

An entry field appears to the right of SUPORT1.
7.
Click on the e ntry field and select SPCs from the list of load collectors.
8.
Click cre a te .
A RADIOSS loadstep has been created, which references the inertia relief support points
in the load collector SPCs and the forces in the load collector static_loads.
9.
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Step 6: Create the control cards necessary to conduct the inertia relief
analysis
1.
Click Se tup > C re a te > C o ntro l C a rds to open the Control Cards panel.
Note: Please use the Next and Prev buttons to browse through the different control
card pages.
2.
Click TITLE and enter a title for this inertia relief analysis.
3.
Click PAR AM and turn on INREL.
4.
Under INREL_V1, toggle the selection to be -1.

This requests that an inertia relief analysis be performed.
5.
Click re turn twice to go to the main menu.
Submitting the Job
Step 7: Run the inertia relief analysis

The Radioss panel accomplishes two things: it saves the current model with its settings to
create the input file RADIOSS will use, and allows you to select the type of analysis.
1.
From the Analysis page, enter the R a dio s s panel.
2.
Verify ie_carm.fem is in the field after input file:. If not, click s a v e a s .and enter
ie_carm.fem.
The file extension .fem is necessary for RADIOSS to recognize it as an input file.
3.
4.
Leave the toggle for memory options: set to m e m o ry de fault.
5.
Click R a dio s s . (You must have saved the file in Step 2 to proceed further).
in the directory where HyperMesh was invoked. The ie_carm.out file is a good place to
look for error messages that will help you debug your input deck, if any errors are
present.
The default files that will be written to your directory are:
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37
ie_carm.
html
Web-based file which gives a summary

of the input deck and simulation
conducted.
ie_carm.
h3d
Results file which contains everything

from displacement to stress results
that can be viewed in HyperView.
ie_carm.
res
ie_carm.
out
ASCII based output file of the model

check run before the simulation begins
and gives some basic information on
the results of the run.
ie_carm.
stat
Detailed breakdown on the CPU time

used for each significant stage in the
analysis.
Viewing the Results

RADIOSS provides co nto ur information for all of the loadsteps that were run. The following
steps describe the process for viewing those results in HyperView.
Step 8: View a deformed shape

1.

This automatically launches HyperView and reads in the .h3d file created in the previous
step.
2.
Verify that the Animate Mode is set to Line a r Anim a tio n M o de
3.
Click the D e fo rm e d panel toolbar button
4.
Set Result Type: to D is pla ce m e nt(v ).
5.
Set Scale: to M o de l units and enter a value of 10.
This means that the maximum displacement will be 10 model units and all other
6.
Click Apply .
7.
Set the toggle under Undeformed shape: to W ire fra m e : and select Color as the
C o m po ne nt.
A deformed plot of the model should be visible, overlaid on the original undeformed mesh.
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Step 9: View a deformed animation of the loading displacement

1.
Verify that the Animate Mode is set to Line a r Anim a tio n M o de
2.
Click the Sta rt/ Pa us e Anim a tio n icon
3.
Both the play speed and starting point of the animation can be controlled using the
Animation Controls.
4.
With the animation running, use the lower slider bar in the Animation Controls panel to
adjust the speed of the animation.
5.
Click the Sta rt/ Pa us e Anim a tio n icon, again, to stop the animation.
to start the animation.
Step 10: View a von Mises stress contour of the static loadcase
1.
Click the co nto ur panel on the toolbar button
2.
Select E le m e nt Stre s s e s ( 2D & 3D ) as the Result type:.
3.
The stress type should be set to v o nM is e s .
4.
Click Apply and notice the graphical display of stresses.
5.
Once you are finished viewing, select File from the menu and select E xit to exit
HyperView.
Note:
Beginning with 8.0, there is a parameter PARAM, INREL, -2 that can activate
inertia relief analysis without the need for a SUPORT/SUPORT1 entry. You can
activate that parameter by clicking on the PARAM field on the control cards
panel. In this tutorial, our intention was to show the steps in creating
SUPORT1 cards; therefore the parameter was not used.
As an additional exercise, you could run this tutorial using the above
mentioned parameter. In that case, you would not create SUPORT1 cards or
choose that load collector in the subcase.
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39
RD-1040: 3D Buckling Analysis using RADIOSS

All of the files referenced in the RADIOSS tutorials are located in the HyperWorks installation
directory under <install_directory>/tutorials/hwsolvers/radioss/.
Overview
In this tutorial you will learn the steps required to perform a buckling analysis using RADIOSS.
The figure below illustrates the structural model used for this tutorial.
Structural model with static loads and constraints applied.
This tutorial will use the following exercises to set up the structural model for a buckling
analysis:
Create boundary conditions for buckling analysis
Post-process results
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Altair Engineering
Exercise
and retrieve the file
1.
Launch HyperMesh.
2.
Select R AD IO SS as the solver in the User Profile dialog window.
3.

The User Profiles Graphic User Interface (GUI) can also be accessed from the
Preferences menu on the toolbar.
4.

5.
Find the buckling.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
6.
Click O pe n.
The structural model has already been set up to contain the necessary elements, parts,
property, and material data.
Step 2: Create load collectors

Create three load collectors ( SPC, St a t ic loa d and Buc kling loa d) and assign each a color of
your choice. Follow these steps for each load collector.
1.
Right-click in the Model Browser window and activate the menu over Create and click
on Lo a dC o lle cto r.
2.
In the Name: field, enter SPC.
3.
Leave Card image: field to no ne .
4.
Click C o lo r and select a color from the color palette.
5.
Deactivate the C lo s e dia lo g upo n cre a tio n check box.
6.
Click C re a te .
7.
Similarly create a Lo a d C o lle cto r named Static load.
8.
Create a Lo a d C o lle cto r with the Na m e : Buckling load.
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41
9.
Set the C a rd im a ge : to E IG R L.
10.
Select a different color from the color palette.
11.
Click the check boxes next to C a rd e dit lo a dco lle cto r upo n cre a tio n and C lo s e dia lo g
upo n cre a tio n.
Clicking C re a te will bring up the card editor for the newly created load collector.
12.
Click V1 and leave the default value of 0.0.
13.
Click ND to edit the field, enter in a value of 2 in the text box, and press E nte r.
Note: This tells RADIOSS that you would like to extract the first two buckling modes.
14.
Click re turn to leave the panel.
Step 3: Create loads and boundary conditions for the model

For the nodes in the following figure that show where constraints have to be created, we
need to create these constraints and assign them to the spc load collector, as outlined in the
following steps.
1.
From Model Browser expand Load Collector, right-click on SPC > M a ke C urre nt.
2.
3.
Select all of the nodes on the bottom face of the beam, as shown in the figure (Use the
nodes: on Plane option by clicking on the yellow entity selection panel that reads
nodes and select o n pla ne . Now, make sure that the N1N2N3B selection entities are
Displayed and N1 is active. Click on any three nodes on the plane shown in the figure
below and click on Se le ct E ntitie s . This selects all the nodes on the plane).
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4.
Deselect the degrees of freedom do f4 through do f6.
5.
Click the green cre a te button to create the necessary boundary constraints.
6.
Click re turn.
7.
From the Model Browser, expand Load Collector, right-click on Sta tic_lo a d > M a ke
C urre nt.
8.
9.
Select all of the nodes on the top face of the beam, as indicated in the figure below
(Use the procedure outlined in Step 3.3).
Nodes selected for application of static forces.
10.
Set magnitude= to -10000.
11.
Click the selector beside N1N2N3 and select z - a xis .
12.
Click cre a te the forces should appear.
13.
Click re turn.
Step 4: Create a RADIOSS Loadstep (also sometimes called subcase)

The last step in establishing boundary conditions is the creation of a subcase.
1.
2.
Click na m e = , enter Linear, and press E NTE R.
3.
Set the type: as line a r s ta tic.
4.

5.
Click on the entry field and select SPC from the list of load collectors.
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43
6.
Check the box preceding Load and select Static_load from the list of load collectors.
7.
Click cre a te .
A RADIOSS subcase has been created which references the SPC in the load collector
SPC and the forces in the load collector Static_load.
8.
Click na m e = , enter Buckling, and click E NTE R.
9.
Select type as line a r buckling.
10.

11.
Click on the entry field and select SPC from the list of load collectors.
12.
Check the box preceding METHOD(STRUCT) and select B uckling_lo a d from the list of
load collectors.
13.
Check the box preceding STATSUB and select Line a r from the list of load collectors.
A STATSUB card allows for the selection of a linear static subcase for buckling analysis.
14.
Click cre a te .
15.
Step 5: Run both linear and buckling analysis

1.
2.
Click s a v e As following the input file: field.

3.
Select the directory where you would like to write the RADIOSS model file and name your
input file (buckling.fem, for example) and click Sa v e .
4.
5.
6.
7.
Click R a dio s s to launch your job.

in the directory where HyperMesh was invoked. The buckling.out file is a good place
to look for error messages that will help you debug your input deck if any errors are
present.
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buckling.h3d
buckling.res
Results file which contains everything from

displacement to stress results that can be
viewed in the Po s t page within
HyperMesh.
buckling.out
ASCII based output file of the model

check run before the simulation begins and
gives some basic information on the
results of the run.
buckling.stat
Detailed breakdown on the CPU time used

for each significant stage in the analysis.
Process: Post process the results in HyperView

RADIOSS will give you contour information for all of the loadsteps that were run. This section
describes the process for viewing those results in HyperView.
Step 6: View results of Linear Loadstep: Von Mises contour stress

1.

HyperView launches with the buckling.h3d file which contains the model and the
results.
2.
Use the drop-down Subcase selector to change the analysis that you are reviewing in
the current window.
3.
Select Subca s e 1 Line a r, in the R e s ults B ro ws e r.
4.
Click the C o nto ur icon
5.
Select E le m e nt Stre s s e s (2D a nd 3D ) as the Result type and set the sub type to
v o n M is e s .
6.
Click Apply .
This should show the contour of von Mises stress.
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Step 7: View results of Buckling Loadstep: Deformed shape and

Animating Results
1.
Click C le a r C o nto ur from the Result display control panel.
2.
Activate Subca s e 2 B uckling in the Results Browser and make sure the simulation is
for M o de 1.
3.
Click the D e fo rm e d panel toolbar button
4.
Under Deformed shape:, enter a Va lue of 10.
5.
Under Undeformed shape:, for Show:, select W ire fra m e from the drop-down list.
6. Click the Sta rt/ Pa us e Anim a tio n icon
to view the animation.
Similarly, check the results for the 2nd mode.
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RD-1050: Connection of Dissimilar Meshes using CWELD

Elements
In this tutorial, an existing finite element model of a simple cantilever beam will be used to
demonstrate how to connect dissimilar meshes using CWELD elements.
Figure 1: C antilever beam with dissimilar meshes.

Submitting the job
Comparing results with a control example
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47
Exercise
Step 1: Launch HyperMesh and set the RADIOSS User Profile

1.
Launch HyperMesh.
2.
Select R AD IO SS from the User Profile list.
3.
From the extended list, select B ulk D a ta .
4.
Click O K.
This loads the required User Profile. It includes the appropriate template, macro menu, and
import reader, paring down the functionality of HyperMesh to what is relevant for generating
models in Bulk Data Format for RADIOSS and OptiStruct.
Step 2: Retrieve dissimilar.hm file

1.

2.
Select the dissimilar.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
Set up the Problem (Steps 3 - 6)
Step 3: Create membrane elements

The database contains two unconnected components: solid_fine and solid_coarse.
These unconnected components are to be connected by CWELD elements using the "grid to
element" option. In order to achieve this, membrane elements need to be created on the
matching faces of the solid_coarse and solid_fine components.
1.
Click the M o de l tab to open the Model Browser.
2.
Right-click inside the Model Browser window and move the mouse over Create to
activate the extended menu and click Pro pe rty .
3.
In the Name: field, enter membrane_coarse.
4.
For Card image, select PSH E LL.
5.
Check the box next to Card edit property upon creation.
6.
Select the M a te ria l tab.
7.
Check the box next to Assign material:
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8.
Select s te e l as the Material name from the drop-down list.
9.
Click C re a te .
10.
Check the box next to MID2_opts.

An option list appears beneath MID2_opts.
11.
Click the switch next to USER and select B LANK from the pop-up menu.
Notice the MID2 field disappears from the card image.
12.
Check the box next to MID3_opts.

An option list appears beneath MID3_opts.
13.
Click the switch next to USER and select B LANK from the pop-up menu.
Notice the MID3 field disappears from the card-image.
14.
Set the thickness value, T, in the card-image to 1E-6.
15.

This creates the new component named membrane_coarse.
16.
Right-click inside the Model Browser window and move the mouse over Create to
activate the extended menu and click Pro pe rty .
17.
In the Name: field, enter membrane_fine.
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49
Figure 2
18.
This time, click the radio button next to Same as: and select m e m bra ne _co a rs e .
19.
Uncheck the check box next to Card edit property upon creation.
20.
Click C re a te .
This creates the new property named membrane_fine with the same properties as
membrane_coarse.
21.
Click the C o m po ne nts icon
22.
Click co m p na m e = and enter membrane_coarse.
23.
Double-click pro pe rty = and select m e m bra ne _co a rs e .
24.
25.
From the Tool page, enter the fa ce s panel.
26.
Click on co m ps , select the s o lid_coarse component, click s e le ct > find fa ce s .
on the toolbar.
Membrane elements are created on the faces of solid_coarse component and they
appear on the graphic window.
27.
50
From the Model Browser window, expand the list of components.

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28.
Right-click on ^ fa ce s component and click Is o la te , as shown in the figure below.

This will display only ^faces component in the GUI.
Figure 3: Isolating ^faces component during display
29.
From the Tool page, select the o rga niz e panel.
30.
Select only the elements that lie on the matching face.

(Rotate the model so you can see the matching face, then, after making sure elems is
displayed in the yellow entity selection panel, click on any one of the elements on the
matching face. Then, click on e le m s and choose by face. This will select all the
elements on the matching face).
Figure 4: : Selecting elements on matching face for solid_coarse component
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51
31.
Click de s t co m po ne nt = and select m e m bra ne _co a rs e from the list of components.
32.
Click m o v e .
The elements are now part of the membrane_coarse component.
33.
Click re turn to return to the main menu.
34.
Select the fa ce s panel from the Tool page of the main menu.
35.
Click de le te fa ce s > re turn to exit the panel.
36.
37.
Click co m p na m e = and enter membrane_fine.
38.
Click pro pe rty = and select m e m bra ne _fine .
39.
40.
From the Tool page, enter the fa ce s panel.
41.
Click on co m ps , select the solid_fine component, click s e le ct > find fa ce s .
Membrane elements are created on the faces of solid_fine component and they appear
on the graphic window.
42.
43.
Right-click on ^ fa ce s component and click Is o la te as in point 27 of this section (refer

to Figure 3).
This will display only ^faces component in the GUI.
44.
From the Tool page, select the o rga niz e panel.
45.
Select only the elements that lie on the matching face as shown below. (Use a method
similar to the one mentioned in sub-step 30 of this section).
Figure 5: Selecting elements on matching face for solid fine component.
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46.
Click de s t co m po ne nt= and select m e m bra ne _fine from the list of components.
47.
Click m o v e .
The elements are now part of the membrane_fine component.
48.
49.
From the Tool page, select the fa ce s panel.
50.
Click de le te fa ce s > re turn to return to the main menu.
51.
From the Model Browser window, right-click on C o m po ne nts > H ide .
52.
Click the icon highlighted in red below to keep only the membrane elements in display.
Figure 6: Displaying only membrane elements
Step 4: Create CWELD elements

A PWELD property must be created for the CWELD elements.
1.
Click the Properties icon
2.
Click pro p na m e = and enter welds.
3.
Click ty pe = and select 1D from the pop-up menu.
4.
Click ca rd im a ge = and select PW E LD from the pop-up menu.
5.
Click m a te ria l = and select s te e l from the list of materials.
6.
7.
Set the weld diameter, D, by clicking on [D] and entering 0.1 in the field below.
8.
Click re turn twice to save the card image and exit the panel.
This creates a new property definition named welds.
9.
Click the Components icon
10.
11.
Click co m p na m e = and enter welds.
12.
13.
Click the switch beside pro pe rty = and set it to <no property>.
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14.
Click cre a te .
This creates the new component named welds.
15.
16.
From the 1D page, select s po twe ld to enter the panel.
17.
Make sure the using elems subpanel is selected, using the radio buttons on the lefthand side of the panel.
18.
Click e le m s and select the displayed option.
19.
Click the switch under element config: and select ro d from the pop-up menu.
20.
Click pro pe rty = and select we lds from the list of properties.
21.
Click s e a rch to le ra nce = and enter 0.1.
22.
Click no de s , select the by co lle cto r option, and select the m e m bra ne _fine collector
(click s e le ct).
23.
Click cre a te .
A weld element is created at each node on the fine-mesh matching face. A number of
plot elements are created too, these are helpful to find the elements attached when
looking for the welds.
24.
Submitting the Job

1.
Click File > Sa v e As > M o de l.
2.
In the File name field, enter dissimilar.hm.
3.
Click Sa v e .
Step 6: Running RADIOSS

1.

You can also get to the Radioss panel from the Applications menu on the toolbar.
2.
Click s a v e a s and select the directory where you would like to write the RADIOSS
model file, enter the file name dissimilar.fem, and click Sa v e .
3.
4.
5.
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6.
Click R a dio s s .
the directory where the RADIOSS model file was written. The dissimilar.out file is a
good place to look for error messages that will help to debug the input deck if any errors
are present.
dissimilar.html

dissimilar.out

setup, the setup of your optimization problem, estimates for the
amount of RAM and disk space required for the run, information
for each optimization iteration, and compute time information.
Review this file for warnings and errors.
dissimilar.h3d
dissimilar.stat
Summary of analysis process, providing CPU information for

each step during analysis process.
Post Processing Analysis Results using HyperView
Step 7: View displacement contour

1.
Once you see the message Proc e ss c om ple t e d suc c e ssfully in the command window,
close the DOS window.
2.
Click H y pe rVie w from within the Radioss panel.

This will automatically load the results for the current run into HyperView.
3.
Set the animation type to Line a r
4.
5.
6.
Click Apply .
.
.
The resulting colors as shown in the above figure represent the displacement field
resulting from the applied loads and boundary conditions.
7.
Click the Pa ge La y o ut icon
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55
8.
Choose the second layout in the first row of the pop-up window and click C lo s e .
This changes the graphic area in two separate windows. The left window will have the
previously loaded model and the right window will be blank. We will load the control
example in the right side window to compare the results.
9.
Click the right-hand pane in the display area.

A blue line appears around the window to show that it is selected.
10.
Click the Lo a d R e s ult icon
11.
Click Lo a d M o de l button
and select the file control.h3d, located in the
HyperWorks installation directory under <install_directory>/tutorials/hwsolvers/
radioss/ as both the model and results file.
12.
Click Apply .
13.
Right-click on the left pane and activate menu over Apply Sty le To > C urre nt Pa ge >
All Se le cte d.
in the toolbar.
This option will apply results from the current window to the new window.
You can now visually compare the displacement results from the dissimilar mesh model
with a uniform mesh model.
Step 8: View von Mises Stress results

1.
Select the left-hand panel in the display area.
2.
Click
3.
Under Result type:, select E le m e nt Stre s s e s (2D & 3D )(t) and v o nM is e s .
4.
In the field below Averaging method:, select No ne .
5.
Click Apply .
6.
Right-click on the left pane and activate menu over Apply Style To > C urre nt Pa ge >
All Se le cte d.
to open the panel.
You can now visually compare the von Mises stress results from the dissimilar model with
a uniform mesh model.
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RD-1060: Analysis of a Composite Aircraft Structure

using PCOMPG
This tutorial takes you through the process of developing a ply lay-up definition for a
composite structure using a PCOMPG card, and shows the advantages of post-processing the
results with global ply numbers. The traditional definition method, using PCOMP, is introduced
first here to ultimately show the practical advantages of using PCOMPG for the given
scenario. The model for this tutorial is shown below. Since the structure, loads, and
boundary conditions are symmetrical about the x-axis, only one half of the structure is
modeled with suitable boundary conditions applied to enforce half symmetry.
Torsion frame

Retrieve the HyperMesh database file
Review the model set up
Submit the job
View the results
Set up the problem in HyperMesh (by redefining the laminate properties with a PCOMPG
card)
Submit the job
View the results
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57
Retrieve the HyperMesh Database File

1.
Launch HyperMesh.
2.
Select R a dio s s and B ulkD a ta from the User Profile dialog and click O K.
3.

4.
Select the file frame.hm, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
5.
Click O pe n.
The frame.hm database is loaded into the current HyperMesh session, replacing any
existing data.
Step 2: Review the model setup in HyperMesh

The structural model has been already set up and can be solved without any further
modifications. We will review the model setup before submitting the job.
The model is set up for linear static analysis. As mentioned earlier, only half of the structure
is modeled; and to impose the half symmetry boundary conditions, all the nodes on the
symmetry plane are constrained in DOF1, DOF5, and DOF6.
All of the components are modeled with the PCOMP property which lists the plies (stacking
sequence) from the bottom surface upwards, with respect to the elements normal direction,
as shown in the image below.
Ply stacking sequence with respect to element normal
Components in this model that have names starting with the word "Flange" represent
junctions in which different components are connected together. While reviewing, we will
closely watch the flange area formed by the Skin and Rib components (highlighted in the
following figure). We will review the ply lay-up of the Skin_inner, Rib, Flange1_Rib_Skin,
and Flange2_Rib_Skin components (laminate layout is shown in the bottom portion of the
following figure). Note that few plies are common for the Skin_inner, Flange1_Rib_Skin,
Flange2_Rib_Skin, and Skin_outer components, but appear in different stacking sequence
in each component. For example, the 4th ply in Skin_inner is the 3rd ply in Flange2_Rib
_Skin and the 2nd ply in Skin_outer components.
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Ply stacking for the Skin_inner, Rib, Skin_outer, Flange1_Rib_Skin, and Flange2_Rib_Skin components
1.
From the 2D page, click H y pe rLa m ina te to enter the Graphic User Interface (GUI).
This opens the HyperLaminate (GUI) in which the ply lay-up information can be defined,
reviewed and edited. Material properties and design variables can also be created and
edited here.
2.
Expand the La m ina te s portion of the tree structure on the left-hand side of the screen.
3.
Select the Skin_inner PCOMP.

Details of the laminate appear in the GUI.
4.
Verify that the lay-up definition for Skin_inner matches the first 5 entries of the table
below, which is the lay-up information of Flange1_Rib_Skin component.
5.
Select the Rib PCOMP and verify that the 3rd and 4th lay-up definition for Rib matches
the 6th and 7th entries in the following table.
6.
Select the Flange1_Rib_Skin PCOMP to view the ply lay-up definitions. Verify that the
lay-up definition for Flange1_Rib_Skin matches the following table.
Observe that the first 5 layers are the same as Skin_inner lay-ups and that the last
two lay-ups are the same as the 3rd and 4th lay up of R ib, as shown in the last figure.
You can verify how other flanges are modeled.
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59
Laminate properties of Fla nge 1_R ib_Skin:
7.
Ply Number
Material
Thickness T
Orientation
SOUT
carbon_fiber
1.2
45
YES
matrix
0.2
90
YES
carbon_fiber
1.2
-45
YES
matrix
0.2
-90
YES
carbon_fiber
1.2
90
YES
matrix
0.2
-45
YES
carbon_fiber
1.2
45
YES
You can also review the other components. Once the review is completed, select E xit
from the File menu.
You will exit the HyperLaminate GUI and return to HyperMesh.
Step 3: Submit the Job

1.
2.
Following the input file: field, click Sa v e a s .

3.
name for the model, frame_PCOMP.fem, in the input file: field.
4.
Click Sa v e .
Note the name and location of the frame_PCOMP.fem file now displays in the input file:
field.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Click R a dio s s .
This launches the RADIOSS job. If the analysis is successful, no error messages are
reported to the shell. The analysis is complete when the message Proc e ss c om ple t e d
suc c e ssfully appears in the shell.
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frame_PCOMP
.html
HTML report of the analysis, giving a

summary of the problem formulation and the
analysis results.
frame_PCOMP
.out
RADIOSS output file containing specific

information on the file setup, the set up of
your optimization problem, estimates for the
amount of RAM and disk space required for
the run, information for each optimization
iteration, and compute time information.
frame_PCOMP
.h3d
frame_PCOMP
.stat
Summary of analysis process, providing CPU

information for each step during analysis
process.
The frame_PCOMP.out file is a good place to look for error messages that will help to
debug the input deck if any errors are present.
Step 4: View the results/Post-processing

1.
Click the green H y pe rVie w button from the Radioss panel.

HyperView launches and the model results are automatically loaded into HyperView.
2.
Click C lo s e to close the message window.
3.
4.
Select the first switch below Result type: and select C o m po s ite Stre s s e s (s ).
5.
Select the second switch and select the P1 (m a jo r) Stre s s .
6.
Select 3 for the Layers option.
7.
In the field below Averaging method:, select No ne .
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61
8.
Click Apply .
This contours the maximum principle stress for the 3rd ply of all the components in the
model.
9.
Click the Is o m e tric Vie w icon

shown in the following figure.
in the Standard Views toolbar to see the model, as
Stress distribution on the top face of the frame
The stress value does not vary gradually in the top face region, but suddenly decreases
to a lower value across the Flange2_Rib_Skin component. Looking at the table of
laminate properties of Flange1_Rib_Skin again, we can observe that 3rd ply property of
the Flange2_Rib_Skin component is of a matrix material and the third plies in the
components adjacent to it (Flange1_Rib_Skin and Skin_outer) are of a carbon fiber
material. The sudden changes in the stress values occur because we are looking at
stress on two different materials. This example shows that, for the results to be
meaningful during post-processing of the PCOMP results, you have to correlate the ply
results to their corresponding ply property.
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This highlights that, during the post-processing of PCOMP components, plotting results
based on just the ply number is not sufficient. You have to keep track of ply properties
(material, thickness, orientation, failure index, etc.) on your own during post-processing
with this method. In cases that use large and complex models, it becomes tedious to
track the individual ply properties during post-processing.
This drawback to using PCOMP can be avoided with the use of the PCOMPG card for
property definition. Using the PCOMPG card, you can assign a global ply number for each
ply and post-process the results based on global ply number. The following steps explain
the procedure to redefine the model with PCOMPG property.
Step 5: Redefine the model setup in HyperMesh

1.
Close the HyperView Window and return to HyperMesh.

Note: Click
to return to the previous page where HyperMesh is open, if you are
using HyperMesh Desktop.
2.
From the 2D page, select the H y pe rLa m ina te panel.

This opens the HyperLaminate GUI in which the ply lay-up information can be defined,
reviewed and edited.
3.
Click To o ls > La m ina te O ptio ns .

This opens a new window in which the default ply lay-up options can be set.
4.
Click the C o nv e ntio n: switch and select To ta l.
5.
Click O K to close the window.

This sets up Total as the default option whenever a new component is created.
Laminate information with global ply number
We will now create new PCOMPG components with global ply numbers defined as shown
in the above figure. As discussed earlier, the 4th ply in Skin_inner is the 3rd ply in
Flange2_Rib_Skin and the 2nd ply in Skin_outer components. Therefore, all of these
plies will be defined with the same global ply ID 4. Similarly, all other plies are to be
defined, as shown in the above figure.
6.
Expand the laminates portion of the tree structure on the left-hand side of the screen.
7.
Right-click PC O M PG .
A menu will appear.
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63
8.
Click Ne w.
This creates new component, which is named NewLaminate1 by default, and the tree
structure is expanded.
9.
Rename the component to Skin_inner_GPLY by right-clicking and select R e na m e in the

text field and overwrite the default component name.
10.
In the Add/Update plies: section under the field GPLYID, enter 1.
11.
Select the pull-down menu below Material and select ca rbo n_fibe r.
12.
Below the Thickness T1 field, enter 1.2.
13.
Below the Orientation field, enter 45.
14.
Select the pull-down menu below SOUT and select YES.
15.
Click Add Ne w Ply to add the ply information.
16.
Repeat this procedure to add 4 more plies with the properties shown in the table:
17.
GPLYID
Material
Thickness T
Orientation
SOUT
matrix
0.2
90
YES
carbon_fiber
1.2
-45
YES
matrix
0.2
-90
YES
carbon_fiber
1.2
90
YES
Click on Upda te La m ina te at the bottom of the window to update the lay-up
information.
The graphical display of lay-up information now appears in the field below the Review
tab, on the right side of the GUI.
18.
Create a new PCOMPG component with name Rib_GPLY and the ply lay-up, as shown in
the following table:
GPLYID
Material
Thickness T
Orientation
SOUT
11
carbon_fiber
1.2
YES
12
matrix
0.2
45
YES
13
matrix
0.2
-45
YES
14
carbon_fiber
1.2
45
YES
Referring to the figure showing laminate information with global ply number above, we will
create the Flange1_Rib_Skin_GPLY component.
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19.
Right-click on Skin_inne r_G PLY and select Duplicate from the menu to create an
identical component.
20.
Rename the component as Flange1_Rib_Skin_GPLY by right-clicking and select re na m e

in the text field and overwrite the component name.
21.
Add 2 more plies with the properties shown in the following table using the Add New Ply
feature.
GPLYID
Material
Thickness T
Orientation
SOUT
13
matrix
0.2
-45
YES
14
carbon_fiber
1.2
45
YES
The new component Flange1_Rib_Skin_GPLY was created. Its first 5 plies are the
same as Skin_inner_GPLY and its last 2 plies are the 3rd and 4th plies of the Rib
component.
To reduce the number of steps in this tutorial, the ply lay-up information of other
components is already defined with PCOMPG property and appropriate laminate
information in the updated_PCOMPG_properties.fem file, located in
<install_directory>/tutorials/hwsolvers/radioss/. This file will be imported into
HyperMesh to update (overwrite) the properties instead of manually updating them.
The updated_PCOMPG_properties.fem file is saved in RADIOSS input file format. You
can open this in any text editor to review how the components are defined with PCOMPG
properties. A section of the file is shown below.
C omponents defined with PC OMPG
22.
Click File > E xit.

You will exit the HyperLaminate GUI and return to HyperMesh.
23.
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65
24.
Toggle and expand the Import options and check the box next to FE overwrite.
This option overwrites the old PCOMP properties with PCOMPG properties defined in the
updated_PCOMPG_properties.fem file.
25.
Click on the folder icon next to File: and select the updated_PCOMPG_properties.fem
file and click Im po rt.
26.
Click C lo s e .
Step 6: Review the imported properties in HyperLaminate

1.
From the 2D page, go to the H y pe rLa m ina te panel.
2.
Expand the laminates portion of the tree structure on the left-hand side of the screen.
All of the components now appear under PCOMPG. The components that we created
earlier (Skin_inner_GPLY, Rib_GPLY, and Flange1_Rib_Skin_GPLY) are still present.
There is no element associated with these components. You can review the PCOMPG
components to view the laminate definitions.
3.
Click File > Exit.

1.
2.
Following the input file: field, click Sa v e a s .
3.
In the Save file browser window, select the directory where you would like to write the
RADIOSS model file and enter frame_PCOMPG.fem as the name for the model.
4.
Click Sa v e .
Note the name and location of the frame_PCOMPG.fem file now displays in the input file:
field.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Click R a dio s s .
the directory where the model file was written. The frame_PCOMPG.out file is a good
place to look for error messages that will help to debug the input deck, if any errors are
present.
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frame_PCOMPG.
html
HTML report of the analysis, giving a summary of

the problem formulation and the analysis results.
frame_PCOMPG.
out

information on the file setup, the set up of your
optimization problem, estimates for the amount of
RAM and disk space required for the run,
information for each optimization iteration, and
compute time information. Review this file for
warnings and errors.
frame_PCOMPG.
res
frame_PCOMPG.
h3d
frame_PCOMPG.
stat

information for each step during analysis process.
Step 8: View the results/Post-processing

1.
Once you see the message Proc e ss c om ple t e d suc c e ssfully in the command window,
click the green H y pe rVie w button in the Radioss panel.
The results are automatically loaded into HyperView.
A message window may appear with information about the successful loading of the
model and result files into HyperView.
2.
3.
4.
Select the first switch below Result type: and select C o m po s ite Stre s s e s (s ).
5.
Select the second switch and select P1 (m a jo r) Stre s s .
6.
For the Layers field, select PLY 3.
7.
For Averaging method:, select No ne .
8.
Click Apply .
This plots the maximum principle stress for global ply 3. The results will not be plotted in
the regions where global ply 3 is not present.
9.
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in the Standard Views toolbar.

67
Post-processing the results based on global ply number eliminates the need to track the ply
number and corresponding ply properties on the components. The results are displayed based
on the global ply number, irrespective of the ply order, so you can chose any one global ply
number and view results across the whole component. If a particular ply is not present in any
given region, no result is displayed.
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RD-1070: Analysis of an Axi-symmetric Structure using

RADIOSS
In this tutorial, you will learn the method of modeling an axi-symmetry problem in RADIOSS.
The figure below shows the model that will be used for this exercise.
Full model; Elements, material, props and BC s

1.
Analysis with the full model

Retrieving the HyperMesh database file
Submitting the job
Viewing the results in HyperView
2.
Analysis with a small portion of the full model with axi-symmetry boundary conditions
Setting up the axi-symmetric structure in HyperMesh
Submitting the job
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Exercise 1: Analysis with the Full Model

1.
Launch HyperMesh.
2.
3.
4.
Click O K.
Step 2: Open the File axi-symmetry_full_geometry.hm

1.

2.
Select the axi-symmetry_full_geometry.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation

3.
Click O pe n.
The axi-symmetry_full_geometry.hm database is loaded into the current HyperMesh
session, replacing any existing data. The database only contains geometric data.
You will find that the structural model has already been set up with the necessary elements,
boundary conditions, property, and material data so that it is ready to solve. Pressure load is
applied on the top face of the geometry and constraints are defined at the bottom face.
Note that the model is symmetrical about the z-axis and that loads and boundary conditions
are symmetrical about the same axis as well. These represent the conditions necessary for
modeling axi-symmetry problems. First, we will obtain the result for the full model and then
we will model a small part of the model with boundary conditions suitable to enforce the axisymmetric behavior. Finally, we will compare the results of the axi-symmetric model with the
full model results.
In the next section, we will solve the job and post process the results.
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Submitting the Job

1.
2.

A Save As browser window appears.
3.
name for the model, axi-symmetry_full_geometry.fem, in the File name: field.
The .fem file name extension is the suggested extension for RADIOSS input decks.
4.
Click Sa v e .
Note the name and location of the axi-symmetry_full_geometry.fem file displays in
the input file: field.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Click R a dio s s .
This launches the RADIOSS job. A command window opens up and indicates the start of
the RADIOSS run.
If the job is successful, new results files can be seen in the directory where the
RADIOSS model file was written. The axi-symmetry_full_geometry.out file is a good
place to look for error messages that will help to debug the input deck if any errors are
present.
Viewing the Results

Once you see the message Proc e ss c om ple t e d suc c e ssfully in the command window, click on
the H y pe rVie w button in the Radioss panel of HyperMesh.
The HyperView Graphic User Interface (GUI) window opens and the results automatically get
loaded into HyperView. A message window appears to inform about the successful loading of
the model and result files in to HyperView. Close the message window.
Displacement and stress results are output for each subcase to the axisymmetry_full_geometry.h3d file from RADIOSS. This section describes how to view those
results in HyperView.
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71
Step 3: View the displacements of the structure

It is helpful to view the deformations of the model first, to determine if the boundary
conditions have been defined correctly and also to see if the model is deforming as expected.
1.
Set the Animation mode to Line a r.
2.
3.
Select the first pull-down menu below Result Type and select D is pla ce m e nt [v ].
4.
Select the second pull-down menu below Result Type and select M a g.
5.
Click Apply to display the displacement contour.
on the toolbar.
To view the displacement variation across the thickness, we will mask one half of the
structure.
6.
Expand the C o m po ne nts folder in the Results Browser.
7.
Click the elements icon in front of the component bottom_half to mask the component
from display.
8.
Click X Z Le ft Pla ne Vie w
9.
The following figure shows the displacements through the thickness.
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to display the Left view.

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Exercise 2: Analysis with a Small Portion of the Full Model with Axisymmetry Boundary Conditions
Setting up the New Analysis
Return to HyperMesh to delete the all the elements, except for a small portion and to set up
the axi-symmetry boundary conditions.
Before proceeding to the next section, lets look at the criteria for modeling an axi-symmetry
problem. Note that even if the geometry is symmetrical about an axis, if any of the loads or
boundary conditions are not symmetrical about the same axis, then it cannot be modeled as
an axi-symmetry model. Therefore, the models shown below are examples that cannot be
modeled as axi-symmetry models.
Non axi-symmetric loads
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Non axi-symmetric boundary conditions

73
Step 1: Setup the axi-symmetry model

to enter the Delete panel, or click F2.
1.
Click
2.
Make sure the entity selection switch is set to elems.
3.
Click on the yellow button e le m s to open the extended entity selection window and
select by s e ts .
4.
Click in the check box in front of SetA.

A check mark appears before SetA to indicate that it is selected.
5.
Click s e le ct.
The selected elements are highlighted.
6.
Click de le te e ntity to delete the selected elements.
7.
Click re turn to exit the Delete panel.
We will use the retained portion to model the axi-symmetric model with suitable boundary
conditions.
Step 2: Apply the additional boundary conditions to model axisymmetry conditions

The axi-symmetry conditions are applied by constraining all of the nodes from moving in the
tangential
direction. This is done by first assigning all of the nodes to a cylindrical
coordinate system and then constraining all of them in tangential
degrees of freedom.
1.
From the Analysis page, enter the s y s te m s panel.
2.
Select the assign radio button.
3.
Make sure the entity selection switch in front of set: is set to no de s .
4.
Click on the yellow button no de s to open the extended entity selection window and
select a ll.
5.
Click on the yellow button s y s te m to activate it and select the red colored system from
the graphic window.
6.
Click s e t dis pla ce m e nt.

You will see the message on the footer bar T he a na ly sis sy st e m ha s be e n a ssigne d.
7.
Click re turn.
All of the nodes in the model are assigned to a cylindrical coordinate system. Note that the
z-axis of the cylindrical coordinate system coincides with the axis about which the model is
symmetrical. Now, constraining the nodes that are assigned to the cylindrical coordinate
system in tangential degrees of freedom will enforce the axi-symmetry boundary condition.
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Step 3: Create constraints

1.
Expand the Lo a d C o lle cto rs folder in the Model Browser.
2.
Right-click on SPC s and click M a ke C urre nt to make SPCs the current component, if not
already done.
3.
4.
Make sure the entity selection switch is set to no de s .
5.
Click on the yellow button no de s to open the extended entity selection window and
select a ll.
6.
Constrain dof2.
Dofs 1, 2, and 3 are radial, tangential and translation degrees of freedom.
Dofs 4, 5, and 6 are radial, tangential and translation rotational degrees of freedom.
7.
Click cre a te .
This applies these constraints to the selected nodes.
8.
Submitting the Job

1.
2.
Solve the job with file name as axi-symmetry_model.fem by following the same steps
as explained in the earlier section.
If the job is successful, new results files can be seen in the directory where the
RADIOSS model file was written. The axi-symmetry_model.out file is a good place to
look for error messages that will help to debug the input deck if any errors are present.
Viewing the Results

Displacement and Stress results are output for each subcase to axi-symmetry_model.h3d
file from RADIOSS. Results from the axi-symmetry model should match with the results of the
full model. We will use load the result file in the previously opened HyperView session to
compare the results.
1.
Click on H y pe rVie w to view the results.
2.
Click the Pa ge La y o ut button
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75
3.
Select the two window layout
4.
Activate the new window by clicking in the graphic area of the new window.
5.
Click
6.
Click the Lo a d m o de l button

.
to open the Load model and results panel.

on the toolbar and load the axi-symmetry_model.h3d
This loads the complete path of the selected .h3d file in the field. Also note that the
same file path is loaded next to the field Load results.
7.
Click Apply .
8.
Click X Z Le ft Pla ne Vie w
9.
10.
Compare the displacement results of the axi-symmetry model with the result from the full
model. The results should match, as shown in the below picture. Similarly, stress and
other results will also match.
to display the Left view.

on the toolbar and contour the displacements.
C omparison of displacement results
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RD-1080: Coupled Linear Heat Transfer/Structure

Analysis
A coupled heat transfer/structure analysis on a steel pipe is performed in this tutorial. As
shown in Figure 1, the pipe is fixed on the ground at one end and the heat flux is applied on
the other end. A linear steady state heat conduction solution is defined first. Then it is
referred by a structure solution by TEMP to perform the coupled thermal/structural analysis.
The problem is defined in HyperMesh and solved with RADIOSS implicit solver. The heat
transfer and structure results are post processed in HyperView.
Figure 1: Model review

Create the thermal/structural material and property
Apply thermal loads (QBDY1) and boundary conditions (CHBDYE)
Submit the job to RADIOSS
Post-process the results in HyperView
Set up the Model in HyperMesh
Step 1: Load the RADIOSS (Bulk Data) User Profile and import the
model
1.
Launch HyperMesh.
2.
Select RADIOSS , in the User Profile dialog.
3.
Select B ulkD a ta from the extended list.
4.
Click O K.
generating models in Bulk Data Format for RADIOSS.
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77
5.
Click the Im po rt So lv e r D e ck panel toolbar button
An Import panel opens.

The File type: is R AD IO SS (B ulk D a ta ).
6.
Click the o pe n file icon
in the File: field.
A Select RADIOSS (Bulk Data) file browser window opens.

7.
Select the pipe.fem file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
8.
Click O pe n.
The location of pipe.fem now displays in the file: field.
9.
Click Im po rt.
The pipe.fem database is loaded into the current HyperMesh session.
Step 2: Create the coupled thermal/structural material properties

Create the material and property collectors before creating the component collectors.
1.
2.
Go to the create subpanel.
3.
4.
Click ty pe = and select ISOTROPIC.
5.
Click ca rd im a ge = and select MAT1.
6.
Click cre a te / e dit and go to the material card image editor panel.
7.
Check the box in front of MAT4 under User Comments.
MAT4 card image appears below MAT1 in the material information area. MAT1 card is
used to define the isotropic structural material. MAT4 card is for the constant thermal
material. MAT4 uses the same material ID as MAT1.
If a quantity in brackets does not have a value below it, it is OFF. To change this, click
the quantity in brackets and an entry field will appear below it. Click the e ntry field and
enter a value.
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8.
Input the following material information for steel in the cards.

Youngs modulus: E = 2.1 x 1011Pa
Poissons ration:
= 0.3
Material density:
= 7.9 x 103 Kg/m3
Thermal expansion coefficient: A = 1 x 10-5 / C

Thermal conductivity: K = 73W / (m * C)
9.
Click re turn twice to go back to the main menu.

A new coupled thermal/structural material, steel, is created.
10.
Click Pro pe rtie s icon
11.
Click pro p na m e = and enter solid.
12.
13.
Click ca rd im a ge = and select PSO LID .
14.
15.
Click cre a te > re turn and go back to the main menu.
The property of the solid steel pipe has been created as 3D PSOLID. Material information
is linked to this property.
Step 3: Link the material and property to the existing structure

Once the material and property are defined, they need to be linked to the structure.
1.
2.
Enter the update subpanel by clicking the radio button in front of it.
3.
Click the highlighted comps and select the component pipe .
4.
Toggle <no property> to property =.
5.
Click pro pe rty = and select s o lid from the pop-up menu.
6.
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79
Apply Thermal Loads and Boundary Conditions to the Model

A structural constraint spc_struct is applied on the RBE2 element to fix the pipe on the
ground. Two empty load collectors, spc_heat and heat_flux have been pre-created. In this
section, the thermal boundary conditions and heat flux will be applied on the model and saved
in spc_heat and heat_flux respectively.
Step 4: Create thermal constraints

1.
Click the Se t C urre nt Lo a d C o lle cto r panel located at the right corner of the footer bar,
as shown below.
A list of load collectors will appear.

2.
Select spc_heat as the current load collector.
3.
From the Analysis page, select the constraints panel.
4.
5.
Click the entity selection switch and select nodes from the pop-up menu.
6.
Click no de s and s e le ct by s e ts from the pop-up extended entity selection menu.
7.
Select the predefined entity set heat and click Se le ct.

The selected nodes on the fixed end should be highlighted.
8.
Uncheck the boxes in front of dof1, dof2, dof3, dof4, dof5, and dof6 and enter 0.0 in
the entry fields.
9.
Click lo a d ty pe s = and select SPC from the pop-up list.
10.
Click cre a te .
This applies these thermal constraints to the selected nodal set.
11.
Click re turn to go to the Analysis page.
Step 5: Create CHBDYE surface elements

The heat flux will be applied on the surface of the free end of the pipe. Therefore, the surface
elements CHBDYE for defining heat transfer boundaries must be created first.
1.
Click inte rfa ce s on Analysis page.
2.
Click na m e = on Create subpanel and enter heat_surf.
3.
Click ty pe = and select CONDUCTION.
4.
Click inte rfa ce co lo r and select a color from the palette.
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5.
Click cre a te .
6.
Go to the add subpanel.
7.
Click na m e = and select heat_surf.
8.
Click the switch button under slave and select face from the pop-up list.
9.
Click the highlighted s o lid e le m s and select by sets from the pop-up selection menu.
10.
Select element set solid_elems and click s e le ct.
11.
Click no de s in the face nodes field.
12.
Select four nodes on one face of a solid element where the heat flux will be applied, as
shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2: Nodes on the surface element
13.
Click a dd.
This adds the CHBDYE surface elements on all the solid elements following the same side
convention, as shown in Figure 3.
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81
Figure 3: C HBDYE surface elements
Step 6: Create heat flux on surface elements

In this step, the uniform heat flux into CHBDYE elements will be defined with QBDY1 entries.
1.
Set your current load collector to heat_flux.
2.
Click the flux panel on the Analysis page.
3.
4.
Click the highlighted elems and select by group from the pop-up extended entity
selection menu.
5.
Select heat_surf and click s e le ct.

The surface elements are highlighted.
6.
Click lo a d ty pe s = and select QBDY1.
7.
In the value= field, enter 1.0.
8.
Click cre a te .
The uniform heat flux in the surface elements are defined.
9.
Click re turn to go back to Analysis page.
Step 7: Create a heat transfer loadstep

A RADIOSS steady state heat conduction loadstep will be created which references the
thermal boundary conditions in the load collector spc_heat and the heat flux in the load
collector heat_flux. The gradient, flux, and temperature output for the heat transfer analysis
will also be requested in loadsteps panel.
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1.
Select the lo a ds te ps panel on the Analysis page.
2.
Click na m e = and enter heat_transfer.
3.
Click the ty pe : switch and select heat transfer.
4.

5.
Click on the = sign and select s pc_he a t from the list of load collectors.
6.

7.
Click on the = sign and select he a t_flux from the list of load collectors.
8.
Click cre a te .
9.
Click e dit to enter the subcase edit panel.

Write down the SUBCASE ID number for future use.
10.
Check the box preceding ANALYSIS.

The option of analysis type appears in the subcase information area.
11.
Click the button below TYPE and select H E AT as the analysis type.
12.
Check the box next to Output.
13.
Activate the options of FLUX and THERMAL on the sub-list.

The output options Flux and Thermal are shown in the subcase information area.
14.
Click the button under FORMAT and select H 3D format for both results.
15.
Click the button under OPTION and select ALL, as shown in Figure 4.
Flux and Thermal output can also be requested in control cards panel on Analysis
page.
16.
Click re turn.
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83
Figure 4: Edit SUBC ASE panel.
Step 8: Create a structure loadstep

To perform a coupled thermal/structural analysis, the heat transfer SUBCASE needs to be
referenced by a structural SUBCASE thru TEMP card. Since this is not supported in
HyperMesh, the linear static structual subcase has to be created through
CASE_UNSUPPORTED_CARDS or by editing the .fem file after the model export.
1.
On the Analysis page, click co ntro l ca rds .
2.
Click C ASE _UNSUPPO R TE D _C AR D S.
3.
Enter the following subcase definitions:

SUBCASE = 2
SPC = 3
TEMP = 1
Please note the SPC ID or TEMP ID used above could be different from your model.
Please make sure the ID of the load collector spc_struct is selected for SPC, and the ID
of the heat transfer subcase for TEMP.
4.
Click O K.
5.
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Submit the Job
Step 9: Launch RADIOSS

1.
Select the R a dio s s panel on the Analysis page.
2.

3.
name for the model, pipe_complete.fem, in the File name: field.
The .fem filename extension is the recommended extension for Bulk Data Format input
decks.
4.
Click Sa v e .
Note the name and location of the pipe_complete.fem file displays in the input file:
field.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Click R a dio s s .
This launches the job. If the job is successful, you should see new results files in the
directory from which pipe_complete.fem was selected. The pipe_complete.out file is
a good place to look for error messages that could help debug the input deck if any
errors are present.
View and Post process the Results

Gradient temperatures and flux contour results for the steady state heat conduction analysis
and the stress and displacement results for the structural analysis are computed from
RADIOSS. HyperView will be used to post process the results.
Step 10: View the results for heat transfer analysis

1.
Once you receive the message Proc e ss c om ple t e d suc c e ssfully in the command window,
click H y pe rVie w.
HyperView is launched and the results are loaded.
2.
Click C lo s e to close the message window (if one appears).
3.
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85
4.
Select Subcase 1 - heat transfer as the current load case in the Results tab, as
shown below.
Figure 5: Results tab in HyperView.
5.
In the Contour panel, select the first pull-down menu below Result type: and select
E le m e nt Fluxe s (V).
6.
Click Apply .
A contoured image representing thermal fluxes should be visible.
7.
Select the first pull-down menu below Result type: and select G rid Te m pe ra ture s (s ).
8.
Click Apply .
Both flux and temperature results are shown below.
Figure 6: Results of heat transfer analysis
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Step 11: View the results for the coupled thermal/structure analysis
1.
Select the s tructure a na ly s is s ubca s e as the current load case in the Load Case and
Simulation Selection window.
2.
Select the first pull-down menu below Result type: and select E le m e nt Stre s s e s [2D &
3D ] (t).
3.
4.
Click Apply .
A contoured image representing von Mises stresses should be visible. Each element in
the model is assigned a legend color, indicating the von Mises stress value for that
element, resulting from the applied loads and boundary conditions.
5.
6.
Select the second pull-down menu below R e s ult ty pe : and select M a g.
7.
Click Apply .
Both stress and displacement contours are shown below.
Figure 7: Results of the structural analysis
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87
RD-1085: Linear Steady State Heat Convection Analysis

This tutorial performs a heat transfer analysis on a steel pipe, as shown in Figure 1. The
temperature on the inside surface of the pipe is 60 C. The outside surface is exposed to the
surrounding air, which is at 20 C. The temperature distribution within the pipe can be
determined by solving the linear steady state heat conduction and convection solution.

Create the thermal material and property
Create and apply the thermal boundary conditions on the model
Submit the job to RADIOSS
Set up the Model in HyperMesh

Step1: Load the RADIOSS (Bulk Data) User Profile and import the
model
1.
Launch HyperMesh.
2.
3.
Select B ulkD a ta from the extended list.
4.
Click O K.
generating models in Bulk Data Format for RADIOSS.
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5.
An Import window opens. The File type: is RADIOSS (Bulk Data).

6.
in the File: field.
A Select RADIOSS (Bulk Data) file browser window opens.

7.
Select the thermal.fem file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
8.
Click O pe n.
The location of thermal.fem now displays in the File: field.
9.
Click Im po rt > C lo s e .
The thermal.fem database is loaded into the current HyperMesh session.
Step 2: Create the thermal material properties

Create the material and property collectors before creating the component collectors.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Click ty pe = and select ISOTROPIC.
5.
Click ca rd im a ge = and select MAT1.
6.
Click cre a te / e dit and go to the material card image editor panel.
7.
Check the box in front of MAT4 under User Comments.
MAT4 card image appears below MAT1 in the material information area. MAT1 card is
used to define the isotropic structural material. MAT4 card is for the constant thermal
material. MAT4 uses the same material ID as MAT1.
If a quantity in brackets does not have a value below it, it is OFF. To change this, click
the quantity in brackets and an entry field will appear below it. Click the e ntry field and
enter a value.
8.
Input the following material information for steel in the cards.

Youngs modulus: E = 2.1 x 1011 Pa
Poissons ratio:
Material density:
= 0.3
= 7.9 x 103 Kg/m3
Thermal expansion coefficient: A = 1.0 x 10-5 /
Thermal conductivity: K = 73W / m C

Heat transfer coefficient: H = 40W / m2 C
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89
9.

A new material, steel, is created with both structural and thermal properties.
10.
11.
Click pro p na m e = and enter solid.
12.
13.
Click ca rd im a ge = and select PSO LID .
14.
15.
Click cre a te > re turn and go back to the main menu.
The property of the solid steel pipe has been created as 3D PSOLID. Material information
is linked to this property.
Step 3: Link the material and property to the existing structure

Once the material and property are defined, they need to be linked to the structure.
1.
2.
Enter the update subpanel by clicking the radio button in front of it.
3.
Click the highlighted comps and select the component pipe .
4.
Toggle <no property> to property =.
5.
Click pro pe rty = and select s o lid from the pop-up menu.
6.
Apply Thermal Boundary Conditions on the Model

In this exercise the thermal boundary conditions will be applied on the model and saved in a
predefined load collector spc_temp. A predefined node 4679 is used to specify the ambient
temperature. A predefined node set no de _te m p contains the nodes on the inside surface of
the pipe.
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Step 4: Create temperatures on the inner surface of the pipe

1.
Click the Se t C urre nt Lo a d C o lle cto r panel located at the right corner of the footer bar,
as shown below.
A list of load collectors will appear.

2.
Make sure spc_temp is the current load collector.
3.
Click re turn.
4.
From the Analysis page, select the co ns tra ints panel.
5.
6.
Make sure the current selection field is nodes.
7.
Click no de s and select by s e ts from the pop-up extended entity selection menu.
8.
Select no de _te m p and click s e le ct.
9.
Uncheck the box in front of dof1, dof2, dof3, dof4, dof5, and dof6 and verify that the
entry fields are set to 0.0.
10.
Make sure SPC is selected as load types.
11.
Click cre a te .
This applies the temperature 0.0 on the inside nodes. Next step, the temperature value
will be updated to 60.
12.
Click C a rd e dit button
13.
Click lo a ds and select by co lle cto r.
14.
Check the box in front of spc_temp and click s e le ct.
15.
Click co nfig= and select co ns t.
16.
Click ty pe = and select SPC .
17.
Click e dit.
18.
In the field of D, enter 60.0.
19.
Click re turn three times to go back to the Analysis page.
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Step 5: Create ambient temperature

1.
Make sure spc_temp is the current load collector.
2.
From the Analysis page, select the co ns tra ints panel.
3.
4.
Click no de s and select by ID from the pop-up extended entity selection menu.
5.
Input the ID of the predefined node 4679.

Node 4679 should be highlighted.
6.
Uncheck the box in front of dof1, dof2, dof3, dof4, dof5, and dof6 and verify that the
entry fields are set to 0.0.
7.
Click cre a te .
8.
9.
Select loads entry.
10.
Select the ambient spc just created on the screen.
11.
Click co nfig= and select co ns t.
12.
Click ty pe = and select SPC .
13.
Click e dit.
14.
In the field of D, enter 20.0.
The temperature boundary conditions are created, as shown in the following figure.
Figure 2: Thermal boundary conditions.
15.
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Step 6: Create CHBDYE surface elements for heat convection

Surface elements are to be created to simulate the heat exchange between the solid pipe and
the surrounding air. A predefined element set elem_convec, which contains the solid
elements on the outer surface of the pipe, is used to define the surface elements.
1.
From the Analysis page, click inte rfa ce s .
2.
Click na m e = on create subpanel and enter convection.
3.
Click ty pe = and select C O NVE C TIO N.
4.
Click inte rfa ce co lo r and select a color from the palette.
5.
Click cre a te / e dit and enter the PCONV card image panel.
6.
Click M ID and select steel as the material and click re turn.

An element group convection and a free convection property PCONV are created.
7.
Go to add subpanel.
8.
Click na m e = and select convection.
9.
Click the switch button under slave and select fa ce from the pop-up list.
10.
Click the highlighted solid elems and select by s e ts from the pop-up selection menu.
11.
Select element set elem_convec and click s e le ct.
12.
Click no de s in face nodes field.
13.
Select 4 nodes on the surface face of a solid element, as shown in the following figure.
Figure 3: Selected surface nodes on the solid element outside the pipe.
14.
In the break angle = field, enter 89.0.
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15.
Click a dd.
This adds the CHBDYE surface elements to the solid elements on the outer surface
following the same side convention, as shown in the following figure.
Figure 4: Surface elements on the outer layer of the pipe.
Step 7: Define the convection boundary condition to surface elements

1.
2.
Select elems entry.
3.
Click e le m s and select by group.
4.
Check the box in front of convection and click s e le ct.
5.
Click co nfig= and select s la v e 4.
6.
Click ty pe = and select C H B D Y E 4.
7.
Click e dit and go to the CHBDYE card image panel.
8.
Check the box in front of CONV.
9.
Click TA1 and input the ambient node ID 4679 as shown below.
10.
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Step 8: Create a heat transfer loadstep

A RADIOSS steady state heat convection loadstep will be created which references the
thermal boundary conditions in the load collector spc_temp. The gradient, flux, and
temperature output for the heat transfer analysis will also be requested in the loadsteps
panel.
1.
From the Analysis page, select the lo a ds te ps panel.
2.
Click the ty pe : switch and select he a t tra ns fe r.
3.
Click na m e = and enter heat_transfer.
4.
5.
Click the = sign and select s pc_te m p.
6.
Click cre a te .
7.
Click e dit to enter the subcase edit panel.
8.
Check the box preceding Analysis.

The option of analysis type appears in the subcase information area.
9.
Click the button below TYPE and select H E AT as the analysis type.
10.
Check the box next to Output.
11.
Activate the options of Flux and Thermal on the sub-list.

The output options Flux and Thermal are shown in the subcase information area.
12.
Click the button under FORMAT and select H 3D format for both results.
13.
Click the button under OPTION and select ALL.

Flux and Thermal output can also be requested in control cards panel on Analysis
page.
14.
Submit the Job

1.
From the Analysis page, select the R a dio s s panel.
2.

3.
name for the model, thermal_complete.fem, in the File name: field.
decks.
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95
4.
Click Sa v e .
Note the name and location of the thermal_complete.fem file displays in the input file:
field.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Click R a dio s s .
directory from which thermal_complete.fem was selected. The thermal_complete.
out file is a good place to look for error messages that could help debug the input deck if
any errors are present.
View and Post process the Results

Gradient temperatures and flux contour results for the steady state heat conduction analysis
and the stress and displacement results for the structural analysis are computed from
RADIOSS. HyperView will be used to post process the results.
Step 10: View the results for heat transfer analysis

1.
2.
Click C lo s e to close the message window, if one appears.
3.
4.
5.
Click Apply .
A contour plot of grid temperatures is created. You may have to use Edit Legend in
the Contour panel to get the contour shown in Figure 5.
6.
Select the first pull-down menu below Result type: and select E le m e nt Fluxe s (V).
7.
Click Apply .
You may have to use Edit Legend in the Contour panel to get the contour, as shown
in Figure 5.
Both temperature and flux contour plots are shown below in Figure 5.
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RD-1100: Thermal Stress Analysis of a Printed Circuit

Board with Anisotropic Material Properties
Purpose
Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) are used in electronic components to both mechanically support
and provide electrical connections between components. Construction involves etching a thin
copper layer that has been deposited onto a non-conductive, glass-fiber/epoxy composite
substrate. Electrical components are then mounted to the board and connected to the
copper traces with electrical solder.
The concentrated, intense heating that occurs during the soldering process creates stresses
in the substrate material. In this exercise, we will simulate this process and determine if the
stresses and strains resulting from this process are acceptable or not.
The model will make use of solid hexahedral (CHEXA8) elements with a thin skin of shell
elements (CQUAD4) on the outside faces.
The consistent unit system used in this simulation will be: kg, mm, GPa, kN and C
Problem Statement
In this exercise, you will learn how to:
Create MAT2 and MAT9 material definition cards
Create PSOLID and PSHELL element property cards
Create applied temperature loads and constraints (TEMP and SPC cards)
Create a temperature loading subcase
Request strain output with the STRAIN control card
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Exercise

1.
Launch HyperMesh.
2.
3.
4.
Click O K.
Step 2: Open the File circuit_board.hm

1.

2.
Select the circuit_board.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory

under <install_directory>/tutorials/hwsolvers/radioss/.
3.
Click O pe n.
The circuit_board.hm database is loaded into the current HyperMesh session,
replacing any existing data. The database only contains geometric data.
Step 3: Create a MAT9 material definition for the solid elements

The MAT9 material type defines the properties for linear, temperature independent,
anisotropic materials. This material model is well suited to this tutorial, due to the composite
structure of the substrate. The X, Y and Z orientations of the laminated material have
different elastic moduli and thermal expansion coefficients. The MAT9 material applied to solid
elements allows a simplification of the model over using a shell model of the composite, with
the individual ply layer properties and orientations defined.
1.
In the Model Browser right-click and select C re a te > M a te ria l.
2.
In the Name field, enter PCB_solids.
3.
Set the Type field to ANISO TR O PIC , and set Card image to M AT9.
4.
Select the check box for C a rd e dit m a te ria l upo n cre a tio n to create the material
and enter the card image editor. Click C re a te .
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5.
Enter the following values for the oriented elastic and shear modulus of the composite:
Note:
6.
7.
If a required field is not active, click the field heading to activate it.
G11
G22
G33
G44
G55
G66
17.0
16.2
7.00
4.93
4.70
2.03
Enter the following values for the thermal expansion rates and reference temperature:
A1
A2
A3
TREF
1.6e-5
1.9e-5
8.0e-5
10.0
Once the values have been entered, click re turn to close the card editor.
Step 4: Create a MAT2 material definition for the shell elements

You should still be in the materials/create panel from the previous step.
1.
In the Model Browser right-click and select C re a te > M a te ria l.
2.
In the Name field, enter PCB_shells.
3.
Set the Card image to MAT2.
4.
Click C re a te to create the material and enter the card image editor.
5.
Enter the following values for the shell element material properties:
6.
G11
G22
G33
A1
A2
TREF
17.0
16.2
4.90
1.6e-5
1.9e-5
10.0
Once the values have been entered, click re turn to close the card editor.
100 RADIOSS 12.0 Tutorials

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Step 5: Create properties with a material reference and update the

existing components
1.
Right-click inside the Model Browser window and activate the menu over C re a te >
Pro pe rty .
2.
In the Name: field, enter shell.
3.
For Card image, select PSH E LL.
4.
Click the M a te ria l tab.
5.
Activate the As s ign m a te ria l option.
6.
For Name, select PC B _s he lls .
7.
Click C re a te .
8.
Enter the thickness for the shell component by clicking T, clicking in the text box, and
enter 0.001.
9.
Click re turn to exit the card image.
10.
Repeat steps 1 - 9 to create another property with name So lids , card image as PSO LID
and Material as PC B _s o lids .
11.
In the Model Browser right-click on the PC B _s o lids component and click E dit.
12.
Click the Pro pe rty tab.
13.
Activate As s ign pro pe rty to add a property to the component.
14.
Select So lids for Name.
15.
Click Upda te .
16.
Repeat steps 13 15 for both solder_pads and shell_faces selecting s he ll for the
property name.
Step 6: Create displacement constraints at the mounting holes

1.
Right-click inside the Model Browser window and activate the menu over Create >
Lo a dC o lle cto r.
2.
In the Name: field, enter constraints.
3.
Leave the Card Image: field at no ne .
4.
Select a suitable color.
5.
Click C re a te .
6.
7.
Click the yellow nodes selector.
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101
8.
From the extended selection menu, select the by sets option.
9.
Select the constrain_nodes entity set and click s e le ct.
10.
Leave all 6 degrees of freedom selected, then click cre a te .
11.
Click re turn to go back to the main menu.
Step 7: Create applied temperature loads at the solder pad locations

1.
Create a new Load Collector named temperature_loads.

No card image is required.
2.
Click B C s > C re a te > Te m pe ra ture s to open the Temperatures panel.
3.
Click the yellow nodes selector.
4.
From the extended selection menu, select by co lle cto r.
5.
Check the box next to the solder_pads component.
6.
Click s e le ct.
7.
Verify that constant value (the field label specifies value=) is selected and enter
345.0.
8.
Verify the load types= is set to TEMP.
9.
Click cre a te to create the temperature_loads.
10.
Step 8: Create a thermal stress analysis subcase

1.
2.
Set the analysis type to line a r s ta tic.
3.
For the name=, enter thermal_loading.
4.
Activate the SPC and TEMP load fields.
5.
Click in the inte ge r field for SPC and select the co ns tra ints load collector.
6.
In the TEMP field, select the te m pe ra ture _lo a ds load collector.
7.
Click cre a te to create the analysis s ubca s e .
8.

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Step 9: Add OUTPUT, STRAIN and SCREEN control cards to the

analysis deck
1.
2.
Click the ne xt button to advance until OUTPUT is available, click O UTPUT to add card
requesting output results format.
3.
For the number_of_outputs field on the lower part of the panel, enter 2.
4.
Set one of the KEYWORD to O P2 to request the OP2 format results file, and set the
second output as H3D format The frequency (FREQ) of the output can be set as ALL.
5.
Click re turn to go back to the Control Cards panel.
6.
Click the ne xt button to advance to the second page of control cards, then once more
to go to the third page.
7.
Activate the SCREEN card with the OUT option.
8.
Then re turn to the control card panel.
9.
Select G LO B AL_O UTPUT_R E Q UE ST on the first page to access the output settings.
10.
Activate the STRAIN option to request strain results output.

Leave the default settings for this card.
11.
Click re turn twice to get back to the main menu.
Step 10: Run the analysis and review the results

1.
2.
Click Save as and enter the file name as <your_file_name>.fem.
3.
Click the R a dio s s button to submit the job.
4.
Once the job has completed, the results can be reviewed in HyperView.
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103
RD-1110: Setting up a Modal Analysis

In this tutorial, you will continue to gain an understanding of the basic concepts for creating
a RADIOSS input file. More specifically, learning how to set up a model for modal analysis,
specify solver specific controls and also submit an input file to the solver from HyperMesh.
Problem Statement
This tutorial uses the file channel_brkt_modal.hm. It contains the bracket and channel
assembly pictured below.
To complete the setup of the model for a modal analysis with RADIOSS, you will need to
define a normal modes SUBCASE, containing METHOD and SPC statements.

Create constraints (SPC) on the above shown channels geometry lines, as shown in
the image above. Then map the constraints to the channel nodes associated to the
geometry lines.
Define a load step (RADIOSS loadsteps).
Name the load step modal_run. For METHOD, point to the EIGRL card, and for SPC
point to the constraints collector.

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Use OUTPUT on control cards panel to control the format of results output.
Specify a h3d file as the output format. Add a second OUTPUT line and select the
option HM for a HyperMesh .res file.
Export the model to a RADIOSS input file.
Specify a filename with the extension *.fem.
Submit the RADIOSS input file to RADIOSS.
Exercise
Step 1: Select User Profile and retrieve the HyperMesh model file
1.
Select RADIOSS as the solver type and then select B ulkD a ta as its sub-section from
list to the right in the User Profile dialog pop-up window.
2.
Open channel_brkt_modal.hm in HyperMesh from <install_directory>/tutorials/

hwsolvers/radioss/.
Step 2: Review and edit the materials for this analysis

This step can be done from the Model Browser.
1.
In the Model Browser, expand the Material folder to show the two materials in the
model.
2.
Right-click on a lum inum and select C a rd E dit from the Context menu.
3.
In the Card editor window, click on [R H O ] and enter 2.7e-9 in the input area below
the label.
4.
Click re turn to close the Card editor window.
5.
Repeat steps 1 - 4 to input a value of 7.9e-9 for the steel entry.
Step 3: Create a load collector named modal

This can be done using the Load Collectors panel and the create subpanel. You need a card
image for the EIGRL modal collector and no card image for the constraints collector.
1.
From the toolbar, enter the Load Collectors panel by clicking the Lo a d C o lle cto rs icon
.
2.
of the panel.
3.
Click lo a dco l na m e = and enter modal.
4.
Click ca rd im a ge = and select EIGRL.
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105
5.
6.
Specify ND= as 10.

Here ND specifies the number of modes that need to be extracted.
7.
Click re turn.
Step 4: Create a load collector named constraints

1.
Switch the card image = to no card image.
2.
Enter constraints in the loadcol field.
3.
Click cre a te to create the load collector constraints.
4.
Step 5: Apply constraints (RADIOSS SPC) on the channel

Display the geometry for the component channel and set the view to iso1. Then set the
HyperMesh constraint configuration to SPC.
1.
Expand the C o m po ne nt folder in the Model Browser.
2.
Click the geometry icon

display on.
3.
next to the cha nne l component to turn the geometry
in the toolbar.
We are going to create the SPC constraints on the nodes along the lines on the
perimeter of the channels bottom surface, as shown in the image below.
Apply constraints on the channel

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4.
5.
Switch the entity selector to line s .
6.
Select the six lines on the perimeter of the channels bottom surface.
To view the selected lines clearly, switch to the Transparent Elements mode, as
shown below:
7.
Activate degrees of freedom (dof) 1 through 6.

For a RADIOSS linear static analysis, dof 1, 2, and 3 represent translations in the global
x, y, and z directions respectively. Dof 4, 5, and 6 represent rotations about the global
x, y and z axis, respectively.
8.
For size =, specify 10.

The display size of the constraints is reduced.
9.
Click cre a te > re turn to exit the panel.
Step 6: Map the constraints (RADIOSS SPC) on the geometry lines to

the channel nodes associated to the lines
Use the load on geom panel in this step.
1.
From the Analysis page, enter the lo a d o n ge o m panel.
2.
Click loadcols, and select co ns tra ints .
3.
Click s e le ct to complete the selection of load collectors.
4.
Click m a p lo a ds .
A constraint is at each node associated to the geometry lines.
5.
Step 7: Define the load step (RADIOSS loadsteps) for the modal load
case
Use the loadsteps panel in this step. Define the loadstep to contain the load collectors
constraints and modal.
1.
2.
For name =, enter normal_modes.
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107
3.
Change the type: to no rm a l m o de s .
4.
Click the = sign after METHOD(STRUCT) and select the load collector m o da l.
5.
Check the box before SPC, click on the = or the field following and select the load
collector co ns tra ints .
6.
Click cre a te > re turn to exit the panel.
Step 8: Define the formats of result files to be output from RADIOSS

In the Control Cards panel, use the OUTPUT card to add two output requests for the Altair
H3D and HyperMesh .res formats.
1.
2.
Click ne xt to go to the next panel menu of control cards.
3.
Select the control card OUTPUT.

Notice in the card image the one OUTPUT line is set to a default value. This specifies
RADIOSS to output the results to a HyperMesh command file.
4.
Click on the default value and select H 3D from the pop-up menu.
5.
For number_of_outputs =, specify 2.

A second OUTPUT line appears in the card image.
6.
Click on the default value again and select H M for the second output type.
This specifies RADIOSS to output results to a H3D file and a res file, which can be
viewed in HyperView Player. Also, an HTML report file will be output and the H3D file will
be embedded in it.
7.
Click re turn to return to the Control Cards panel.

Notice the OUTPUT button is green. This indicates the card will be exported to the
RADIOSS input file.
8.
Step 9: Run the analysis and review the results

1.
2.
Click s a v e a s and enter the file name as modal_analysis.fem.
3.
Click the R a dio s s button to submit the job.
4.
Once the job has completed, the results can be reviewed in HyperView.

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Advanced Small Displacement Finite Element

Analysis
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109
RD-2000: Direct Frequency Response Analysis of a Flat

Plate
This tutorial demonstrates how to import an existing FE model, apply boundary conditions, and
perform a finite element analysis on a flat plate. The flat plate will be subjected to a
frequency-varying unit load excitation using the direct method. Post-processing is done in
HyperView and HyperGraph to visualize deformations, mode shape response, and frequencyphase output characteristics.
Submitting the job
Viewing the results (HyperMesh and HyperGraph)
The following file is needed to perform this tutorial:

direct_response_flat_plate_input.fem
Original ASCII RADIOSS input deck
This file can be found in <install_directory>/tutorials/hwsolvers/radioss/ and copied

to your working directory.
Exercise
Profile
1.
Launch HyperMesh.
2.
3.
4.
Click O K.
Step 2: Import the Finite Element Model File

1.

2.
For the File type:, select R AD IO SS (B ulkD a ta ).

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3.
Select the File s icon button
A Select RADIOSS (Bulk Data) File browser will open.

4.
Select the direct_response_flat_plate_input.fem file, located in the HyperWorks

installation directory under <install_directory>/tutorials/hwsolvers/radioss/.
5.
Click O pe n > Im po rt.
6.
The direct_response_flat_plate_input.fem RADIOSS (bulk) input file is loaded into

the current HyperMesh session.
7.
Click C lo s e to exit the tab.
Setting up the Problem in HyperMesh (Steps 3 - 11)
Step 3: Apply Loads and Boundary Conditions to the Model

In the following steps, the model is constrained at one edge. A unit vertical load is applied
acting upwards in the positive z-direction at a point on a free edge corner of the plate.
1.
Click the M o de l tab.
2.
Note:
When in this pop-up, do not press the Enter key on the keyboard until you are
completely done.
3.
In the Name: field, enter spcs.
4.
5.
Leave Card image: field to None under the Card Image options.
6.
Click C re a te .
7.
8.
In the Name: field, enter unit-load.
9.
10.
Click C re a te .
A new load collector, unit-load is created.
Step 4: Create Constraints

1.
From Model Browser expand LoadCollector, right-click on s pcs > M a ke C urre nt.
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111
2.
Click the D is pla y Num be rs icon
3.
Click no de s and select dis pla y e d from the extended entity selection menu.
4.
Select o n (green button).
All of the node numbers on the flat plate should now be displayed.
5.
Click re turn to get to the main menu.
6.
Click B C s > C re a te > C o ns tra ints to open the Constraints menu.
7.
Click the e ntity s e le ctio n switch and select nodes from the pop-up menu.
8.
Click no de s and select nodes 5, 29, 30, 31 and 32 (see figure).
Illustration of which nodes to select for applying single point constraints

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9. Constrain dof1, dof2, dof3, dof4 and dof5.

Dofs 1, 2, and 3 are x, y and z translation degrees of freedom.
Dofs 4, 5, and 6 are x, y and z rotational degrees of freedom.
You will need only to uncheck dof6.
10.
Click cre a te .
The selected nodes will be free to rotate about the z-axis since dof6 was not checked.
11.
Step 5: Create a Unit Load at a Point on the Flat Plate

1.
From the Model Browser, expand LoadCollector, right-click on unit- lo a d > M a ke

C urre nt.
2.
From the Analysis page, enter the lo a d ty pe s panel.
3.
Select co ns tra int = and select D AR E A from the extended entity selection menu.
4.
Click re turn to exit the Load Types panel.
5.
Click B C s > C re a te > C o ns tra ints to open the Constraints menu.
6.
Select node number 19 on the plate by clicking on it (see figure).
Node selected for creating unit vertical load.
7.
Uncheck all the dof's; except dof3, and click the = to the right of dof3 to type in a
value of 20.
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113
8.
Click on lo a d ty pe s = and verify that D AR E A is selected from the extended entity

selection menu.
9.
Step 6: Create a Frequency Range Table

1.
2.
For Name, enter tabled1.
3.
4.
For Card image: select TABLED1 from the drop-down list.
5.
Click on the option labeled C a rd e dit lo a d co lle cto r upo n cre a tio n.
6.
Click C re a te .
A new window appears in the work area screen.
7.
Click TAB LE D 1_NUM = and input a value of 2.
8.
Click in the input field below x(1) a value 0.0.
9.
Click in the input field below y(1) a value 1.0.
10.
Click in the input field below x(2) a value 1000.0.
11.
Click in the input field below y(2) a value 1.0.
12.
Click re turn.
This gives us a frequency range of 0.0 to 1000.0 with a constant 1.0 over this range.
Step 7: Create a Frequency Dependent Dynamic Load

1.
2.
For Name, enter rload2.
3.
4.
For Card image:, select R LO AD 2 from the drop-down list. The Card edit load
collector upon creation option should be checked.
5.
Click C re a te .
6.
Double-click E X C ITE ID in the yellow box.

A list of collectors appears in the left-hand bottom corner.

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7.
Select the collector unit-load from the list of collectors.

A 2 appears below the yellow EXCITEID box.
8.
Double-click TB in the yellow box.

9.
Select collector tabled1.
10.
Click re turn.
The type of excitation can be an applied load (force or moment), an enforced
displacement, velocity or acceleration. The field [type] in the RLOAD2 card image
defines the type of load. The type is set to applied load by default.
Step 8: Create a Set of Frequencies to be used in the Response

Solution
1.
2.
For Name, enter freq1.
3.
4.
For Card image:, select FREQi from the drop-down list. The Card edit load collector
upon creation option should be checked.
5.
Click C re a te .
6.
Check the FREQ1 option and enter 1 in the NUMBER_OF_FREQ1 field.
7.
Click in the F1 field above and input a value of 20.0.
8.
Click D F, then click in the field box below it and input a value of 20.0.
9.
Click ND F, then click in the field box below it and input a value of 49.
10.
Click re turn.
This gives you a set of frequencies beginning with 20.0, incremented by 20.0 and 49
frequencies increments.
Step 9: Create a RADIOSS Loadstep (also referred to as a subcase)

1.
2.
Click na m e = and enter subcase1.
3.
Click the ty pe : switch and select fre q.re s p (dire ct) from the pop-up menu.
4.

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115
5.
Click on the e ntry field and select s pcs from the list of load collectors.
6.
Check the box preceding DLOAD.

An entry field appears to the right of DLOAD.
7.
Click on the e ntry field and select rlo a d2 from the list of load collectors.
8.
Check the box preceding FREQ.

An entry field appears to the right of FREQ.
9.
Click on the e ntry field and select fre q1 from the list of load collectors.
10.
Click cre a te .
collector spc and the unit load in the load collector rload2 with a set of frequencies
defined in load collector freq1.
11.
Step 10: Create a Set of Nodes for Output of Results

1.
From the Analysis page, enter the e ntity s e ts panel.
2.
Click na m e = and enter SETA.
3.
Click the switch below name and select no ca rd im a ge , instead of card image.
4.
Leave the Set type: switch set to no n- o rde re d type.
5.
Make sure that the yellow entity: selection type box is set to no de s .
6.
Select nodes with IDs 15, 17 and 19.
7.
Click cre a te .
A message appears stating: T he e nt it y se t ha s be e n c re a t e d.
8.
Click re turn to exit the Entity Sets panel.
Step 11: Create a Set of Outputs and Mass Factors Specific to

Frequency Response Analysis
1.
2.
Select G LO B AL_O UTPUT_R E Q UE ST and check the box next to D ISPLAC E M E NT.
3.
Under FORM(1), select PH ASE from the pop-up menu.
4.
Under OPTION(1), select SID from the pop-up menu.

A new field appears in yellow.

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5.
Double-click the SID (1) box and select SE TA.

A value of 1 now appears below the SID field box. This sets the output for only the
nodes in set 1.
6.
Click re turn to exit the GLOBAL_OUTPUT_REQUESTS menu.
7.
From the Control Cards panel, select FO R M AT.

8.
Click num be r_o f_fo rm a ts = and input a value of 2.
9.
On the extended menu in the work area, click on the first FO R M AT_V1 field box and
select O PTI from the pop-up menu.
Using O PTI will generate RADIOSS ASCII result files like .disp, .strs, etc. as the
output once the run is complete. These files are used during post-processing.
10.
Make sure the second field box is set to H 3D .
11.
Click re turn to exit the Format menu and return to the Control Cards menu.
12.
Click ne xt and select the PAR AM subpanel.
13.
Scroll down the list using the arrow in the left corner and check the box next to
C O UPM ASS.
A new PAR AM card appears in the work area screen.
14.
Click NO below COUPM_V1 and select Y E S from the pop-up menu selection.
Selecting Y E S uses the coupled mass matrix approach for eigenvalue analysis.
15.
Scroll down the list using the arrow in the left corner and check the box next to G .
16.
Click below G _V1 and input a value of 0.06 into the field box.
This value specifies a uniform structural damping coefficient and is obtained by
multiplying the critical damping [] ratio by 2.0.
17.
Scroll down using the arrow in the left corner and check the box next to W TM ASS.
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18.
Click below W TM _V1 and input a value of 0.00259 into the field box.
Three PAR AM statements should now appear in the pop-up menu on the work screen.
This factor is used to input all mass entries in weight units. Using this PARAM multiplies
all terms in the mass matrix by this factor.
19.
Click re turn to exit the PARAM menu.
20.
Select the O UTPUT subpanel.
21.
Verify that KEYWORD is set to H G FR E Q .

Using H G FR E Q will result in a frequency output presentation for HyperGraph.
22.
Click on the box beneath FR E Q and select ALL from the pop-up selection.
Choosing ALL will output results for all frequencies.
23.
Leave num be r_o f_o utputs set equal to 1.
24.
Click re turn to exit OUTPUT.
25.
Click re turn to exit the Control Cards panel.
Submitting the Job
Step 12: Run RADIOSS

1.
2.
Following the input file: field, click s a v e a s .
3.
Select the directory where you would like to write the RADIOSS model, enter the name
flat_plate_direct_response.fem for the model in the File name: field, and click
Sa v e .
4.

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5.
Click R a dio s s .
This launches the RADIOSS job. If the job is successful, new result files can be seen in
the director where the RADIOSS model file was written. The
flat_plate_direct_response.out file is a good place to look for error messages that
will help to debug the input deck if any errors are present.
flat_plate_direct_re HTML report of the analysis, giving a summary of the problem
sponse.html
flat_plate_direct_re RADIOSS output file containing specific information on the file
set up, the set up of your optimization problem, estimates for
sponse.out
the amount of RAM and disk space required for the run,
information for each optimization iteration, and compute time
information. Review this file for warnings and errors.
flat_plate_direct_re HyperView compressed binary results file.
sponse.h3d
flat_plate_direct_re Summary of analysis process, providing CPU information for
each step during the analysis process.
sponse.stat
Viewing the Results (HyperMesh and HyperGraph)

Step 13: Review the Results
This step describes how to view displacement results (.mvw file) in HyperGraph and also
explains the displacement output (.disp file) from this run. The HyperView results (.h3d file)
contains only the displacement results for the three nodes specified in the node set output.
1.
Click the H y pe rVie w button to launch HyperView.
2.
Click C lo s e to close the Message Log window, if one appears.
3.
In the HyperView window, click File > O pe n > Se s s io n.

The Open Session File window is displayed.
4.
Select the directory where the job was run and select the file
flat_plate_direct_response_freq.mvw.
5.
Click O pe n.
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6.
A warning appears asking whether to discard the existing contents. Click Y e s .

Two graphs per page, and a total of three pages are displayed.
The graph title shows Subcase 1 Displacement of grid 15 on page 1.
There are two sets of results on this page. The top graph shows Phase Angle verses
Frequency (log). The bottom graph shows Magnitude versus Frequency (log) (see
figure) for Displa c e m e nt of grid 15.
Frequency response of node 15.
7.
Click the Ne xt Pa ge button
This displayed page 2, which shows Subcase 1 (subcase1) - Displacement of grid 17

(see figure).

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8.
Select the Ne xt Pa ge button

again to display page 3 containing Subcase 1
(subcase1) - Displacement of grid 19 (see figure).
This concludes the HyperGraph results processing.

9.
Open the displacement file (.disp) using a text editor.

The first field on the second line shows the iteration number, the second field shows the
number of data points, and the third field shows the iteration frequency.
Line 3, first field shows node number, then x, y, and z displacement magnitudes and x, y
and z rotation magnitudes.
Line 4, first field shows node number, then x, y, and z displacement phase angles and x,
y and z rotation angles.
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RD-2010: Modal Frequency Response Analysis of a Flat

Plate
This tutorial demonstrates how to import an existing FE model, apply boundary conditions, and
perform a modal frequency response analysis on a flat plate. The flat plate will be subjected
to a frequency varying unit load excitation using the modal method. Post-processing tools will
be used in HyperView and HyperGraph to visualize deformations, mode shape response, and
frequency-phase output characteristics.
Submitting the job
Review the results (HyperMesh and HyperGraph)
The following file is needed to perform this tutorial:
modal_response_flat_plate_input.fem
Original ASCII RADIOSS input deck.
This file can be found in <install_directory>/tutorials/hwsolvers/radioss/ and copied

to your working directory.
Exercise
Profile
1.
Launch HyperMesh.
2.
3.
4.
Click O K.
Step 2: Import the Finite Element Model File

1.

2.
Click the O pe n file button
in the File: field.
A Select RADIOSS (Bulk Data) File file browser window opens.

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3.
Select the modal_response_flat_plate_input.fem file, located in the HyperWorks

installation directory under <install_directory>/tutorials/hwsolvers/radioss/ and
click O pe n.
Notice that the location of the file is now displayed in the File: field.
4.
Click Im po rt to import the model file.
5.
Click C lo s e to close the Import tab.

In the following steps, the model is constrained at one edge. A unit vertical load is applied
acting upwards in the positive z-direction at a point on a free edge corner of the plate.
First, the two load collectors (spcs and unit-load) are created.
1.
2.
3.
Click lo a dco l na m e = and enter spcs.
4.
5.
6.
Click cre a te .

7.
Click lo a dco l na m e = and enter unit-load.
8.
9.
Click cre a te .
10.
11.
Expand the Lo a d C o lle cto r folder in the Model Browser.
12.
Right-click s pcs and click M a ke C urre nt.
13.
Click the D is pla y Num be rs icon
14.
Click no de s and select dis pla y e d from the extended entity selection menu.
15.
Check the box next to display.
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to open the Numbers panel.

123
16.
Select the green o n button.

All of the node numbers on the flat plate should now be displayed.
17.
Click re turn.
Step 4: Create Constraints

1.
2.
Click the entity selection switch and select nodes from the pop-up menu.
3.
Click no de s and select nodes 5, 29, 30, 31 and 32 (see figure).
Illustration of which nodes to select for applying single point constraints
4.
Constrain dof1, dof2, dof3, do f4, and dof5.

Dofs with a check will be constrained while dofs without a check will be free.
You will need only to un-check dof6.
5.
Click cre a te .
The selected nodes will be free to rotate about the z-axis since dof6 was not checked.
6.
Step 5: Create a Unit Load at a Point on the Flat Plate

1.
Right-click unit- lo a d in the Model Browser and click M a ke C urre nt.
2.

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3.
Select node number 19 on the plate by clicking on it. (see figure).
Node selected for creating unit vertical load.
4.
Un-check all dofs except dof3, and click the = to the right of dof3 and type in a value
of 1.
5.
Select load types = and select DAREA from the extended entity selection menu.
6.
Click cre a te .
This applies a unit load to the selected node.

1.
Click the Load Collectors icon
2.
3.
Click lo a dco l na m e = and enter tabled1.
4.
5.
Click the cre a tio n m e tho d switch and select card image from the pop-up menu.
6.
Click ca rd im a ge = and select TABLED1 from the extended entity selection menu.
7.

8.
9.
Leave the input field below x(1),set to 0.0.
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125
10.
Click in the input field below y(1), enter the value 1.0.
11.
Click in the input field below x(2), enter the value 1000.0.
12.
Click in the input field below y(2), enter the value 1.0.
13.
Click re turn to go back to Load Collectors panel.

This gives us a frequency range of 0.0 to 1000.0 with a constant 1.0 over this range.

1.
Click lo a dco l na m e = and enter rload2.
2.
3.
4.
Click ca rd im a ge = and select RLOAD2 from the extended entity selection menu.
5.

6.

7.
Select the collector unit-load, second on the list of collectors.

The ID 2 appears below the yellow EXCITEID box. This is the ID of the load collector
unit-load.
8.
Double-click TB in the yellow box.

9.
Select collector tabled1, last on the list of collectors.
10.
Click re turn to go back to the Load Collectors menu.

displacement, velocity, or acceleration. The field [TYPE] in the RLOAD2 card image
Step 8: Create a Set of Frequencies to be used in the Response

Solution
1.
Click lo a dco l na m e = and enter freq1.
2.
3.
4.
Click ca rd im a ge = and select FREQi from the extended entity selection menu.
5.

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6.
Place a check mark next to FR E Q 1 in the User Comments list.
7.
Click F1, then click in the field box below it and input a value of 20.0.
8.
Click D F, then click in the field box below it and input a value of 20.0.
9.
Click ND F, then click in the field box below it and input a value of 49.
10.

This gives you a set of frequencies beginning with 20.0, incremented by 20.0 and 49
frequencies increments.
Step 9: Create the modal method for eigenvalue analysis using the
Lanczos method and specify the frequency range for eigenvalue
extraction
1.
Click lo a dco l na m e = and enter eigrl.
2.
Click co lo r and select a color from the color palette .
3.
4.
Click ca rd im a ge = and select EIGRL from the extended entity selection menu.
5.
6.
Click [V1] and enter a value 0.0 in the field below it, then click [V2] and enter a value
of 1000.0.
7.
Click re turn three times to go back to the main menu.

This specifies a range of frequency between 0 Hz and 1000 Hz for eigenvalue extraction
using the Lanczos method.
Step 10: Create a RADIOSS Loadstep

1.
2.
3.
Click the ty pe : switch and select freq.resp (modal) from the pop-up menu.
4.

5.
Click on the e ntry field and select spcs from the list of load collectors.
6.

An entry field appears to the right of METHOD(STRUCT).
7.
Click on the e ntry field and select eigrl from the list of load collectors.
8.

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9.
Click on the e ntry field and select rload2 from the list of load collectors.
10.

11.
Click on the e ntry field and select freq1 from the list of load collectors.
12.
Click cre a te .
collector spc, the unit load in the load collector rload2 with a set of frequencies defined
in load collector freq1 and modal method defined in the load collector eigrl.
13.
Step 11: Create a set of nodes for output of results

1.
2.
3.
4.
Leave the Set type: switch set to non-ordered.
5.
Make sure that the yellow entity: selection type box is set to nodes.
6.
Select nodes with IDs 15, 17 and 19.
7.
Click cre a te .
A message appears stating: T he e nt it y se t ha s be e n c re a t e d.
8.
Click re turn.
Step 12: Create a set of outputs and mass factors specific to frequency
response analysis
1.
2.
Select G LO B AL_O UTPUT_R E Q UE ST.
3.
Click D ISPLAC E M E NT to add a check mark next to it.
4.
Click the field box FO R M (1) and select PH ASE from the pop-up menu.
5.
Click the field box O PTIO N(1) and select SID from the pop-up menu.
6.
Double-click the yellow SID box and select SE TA from the pop-up selection on the
bottom left corner.
nodes in set 1.
7.
Click re turn to exit the G LO B AL_O UTPUT_R E Q UE ST menu.

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8.
Click ne xt and select PARAM subpanel.
9.
Scroll down the list using the arrow in the left corner and check the box next to
COUPMASS.
10.
Below C O UPM _V1 click NO and select Y E S from the pop-up menu selection.
Selecting Y E S uses the coupled mass matrix approach for eigenvalue analysis.
11.
Check the box next to G .

12.
Click below G _V1, and input a value of 0.06 into the field box.
multiplying the critical damping [C/C0] ratio by 2.0.
13.
Scroll down using the arrow to the left corner and check the box next to W TM ASS.
14.
Click below W TM _V1, and input a value of 0.00259 into the field box.
Three PAR AM statements should now appear in the pop-up menu on the work screen.
15.
Click re turn to exit the PAR AM menu.
16.
Select the O UTPUT card.

A new window appears in the work area.
17.
Enter 3 in the number_of_outputs field.
18.
Set the first KEYWORD to H G FR E Q .

Using H G FR E Q will result in a frequency output presentation for HyperGraph.
19.
Set the second KEYWORD to O PTI.
20.
Set the third KEYWORD to H 3D .
21.
Double-click on the box beneath FR E Q and select ALL from the pop-up selection for all
keywords.
Choosing ALL will output all optimization iterations.
22.
Click re turn to exit O UTPUT.
23.
Click re turn to exit the Control Cards menu.
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Submitting the Job

1.
From the Analysis panel, select R a dio s s .
2.
Following the input file: field text box, click s a v e a s .
3.
Select the directory where you would like to write the RADIOSS model file, enter the
name flat_plate_modal_response.fem in the File name: field, and click Sa v e .
4.
Select run options: switch and select analysis.
5.
Click R a dio s s .
the directory where the RADIOSS model file was written. The
flat_plate_modal_response.out file is a good place to look for error messages that
will help to debug the input deck if any errors are present.
flat_plate_modal_response HTML report of the analysis, giving a summary of the
problem formulation and the analysis results.
.html
flat_plate_modal_response RADIOSS output file containing specific information on
the file setup, the setup of your optimization problem,
.out
estimates for the amount of RAM and disk space
required for the run, information for all optimization
iterations, and compute time information. Review this
file for warnings and errors.
flat_plate_modal_response HyperView binary results file.
.h3d
flat_plate_modal_response Summary of analysis process, providing CPU information
for each step during analysis process.
.stat
Review the Results (HyperMesh and HyperGraph)
Step 14: Review the results

This step describes how to view displacement results (.mvw file) in HyperGraph and also how
to understand the displacement output (.disp file) from this run. The HyperView results file (
.h3d) contains only the displacement results for the three nodes specified in the node set
output.

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1.
Once the analysis process completes, click the green H y pe rVie w button to open a
HyperView session.
2.
Close the Message log menu by clicking C lo s e , if one appears.
3.
In the HyperView window, click File > O pe n > Se s s io n.

An Open Session File window opens.
4.
Select the directory where the job was run and select file
flat_plate_modal_response_freq.mvw.
5.
Click O pe n.
6.
A discard warning appears. Click Y e s .

Two graphs per page and a total of three pages are displayed in HyperGraph. The graph
title shows Subcase 1 (subcase 1) - Displacement of grid 15 on page 1.
7.
Click the Axis toolbar button

. Select Logarithmic option and use the parameters
shown below (see figure) to make logarithmic plots of the results.
Frequency (log). The bottom graph shows Magnitude verses Frequency (log) (see
figure) for Displacement of grid 15.
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Frequency response of node 15
8.
Directly underneath the blue graph border, click the Ne xt Pa ge button
This will display page 2, which shows Subcase 1 (subcase1) - Displacement of grid
17.
9.
Click the Ne xt Pa ge button

again to display page 3 containing Subcase 1
(subcase1) - Displacement of grid 19.

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10.
Open the displacement file (.disp) using a text editor.

The first field on the second line shows the iteration number, the second field shows
number of data points, the third field shows iteration frequency.
Line 3, first field shows node number, then x, y and z displacement magnitudes and x, y
and z rotation magnitudes.
Line 4, first field shows node number, then x, y and z displacement phase angles and x, y
and z rotation phase angles.
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133
RD-2020: Direct Transient Dynamic Analysis of a Bracket

In this tutorial, an existing finite element model of a bracket will be used to demonstrate how
to perform direct transient dynamic analysis using RADIOSS (bulk). HyperGraph will be used
to post-process the deformation characteristics of the bracket under the transient dynamic
loads.
Finite element model of the bracket
The bracket is constrained at the bottom of the two legs. Transient dynamic loads are to be
applied at the grid points of the top, flat surface of the bracket around the hole in the
negative z direction. The time history of the loading is shown in the next figure. The direct
transient analysis is run for a total time of 4 seconds with the time being divided into 800
increments (that is time step is 0.005). Structural damping has been considered for the
model. A concentrated mass element is defined at the center of the spider and z
displacements are monitored at the concentrated mass at the center of this hole.

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Time history of applied loading
This tutorial will use the following exercises to set up a direct transient dynamic analysis:
Create the time dependent dynamic load or the variation of load vs time
Create the time step for transient analysis
Create the grid point forces on the top flat surface of the bracket
Create the transient response dynamic excitation
Create the subcase to include all the necessary loads as defined above
Specify structural damping and output requests
Run direct transient dynamic analysis
Post-process results using Altair HyperGraph
Exercise

1.
Launch HyperMesh.
2.
Toggle the R AD IO SS radio button in the User Profile dialog.
3.
From the pull-down list to the right of RADIOSS, select B ulkD a ta .
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135
4.
Click O K.
in Bulk Data format for RADIOSS.
Step 2: Retrieve the file

1.

An Open Model browser window will open.
2.
Select the bracket_transient.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory

Setting up the Transient Dynamic Analysis Problem (Steps 3 - 9)
Step 3: Create a TABLED1 (Table to define time dependent dynamic

load)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click ca rd im a ge = and select TAB LE D 1 from the pop-up menu.
6.
7.
Click TAB LE D 1_NUM = and enter the number 4 and press ENTER.
This should populate the TABLED1 entry to 4 fields for x and 4 for y.
8.
Leave both XAXIS and YAXIS as LINEAR.

Enter the following values for x(i) and y(i), as shown below:
9.

The load collector TABLED1 that defines the time history of the loading has been
created.

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Step 4: Create a TSTEP (Transient time step to define the time step
intervals at which solution will be generated and output)
1.
Click lo a dco l na m e = and enter tstep.
2.
3.
Click ca rd im a ge = and select TSTEP on the pop-up menu.
4.
5.
Click TSTE P_NUM = and enter the number 1 and press ENTER.
This should populate the TSTEP entry with N, DT, and [NO] fields.
6.
To specify the number of time steps, enter 800 under N.
7.
To specify the time increment, enter 0.005 under DT.

The total time for which the load is applied is 800 x 0.005 = 4 seconds.
Notice NO has a default value of 1.0. This is the time step at which output is requested.
8.
Step 5: Create a DAREA to define forces on the top surface of the

bracket
1.
Click lo a dco l na m e = and enter darea.
2.
3.
Click the switch next to card image and select no ca rd im a ge .
4.
5.
6.
Click no de s , and select by sets from the pop-up menu.
7.
Two sets are displayed, select fo rce and click s e le ct.

The nodes that belong to the set force get selected.
8.
Unselect all degrees of freedom (dof); except dof3 by clicking the box next to each,
indicating that dof3 is the only active degree of freedom.
9.
For dof3, enter a value of -1500.
10.
Click on lo a d ty pe s = and select DAREA.
11.
Click cre a te .
This creates a force of 1500 units applied to the selected nodes in the negative z
direction.
12.
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137
Step 6: Create a TLOAD1 (the transient dynamic response excitation)

1.
2.
Click lo a dco l na m e = and enter tload1.
3.
4.
Click the switch next to no card image and select card image.
5.
Click on ca rd im a ge = and select TLO AD 1 from the pop-up menu.
6.
7.
Double-click on E X C ITE ID and select the darea load collector (created in the last
section to define the forces on the top surface of the bracket).
8.
Double-click on TID and select the tabled1 load collector created previously (to define
the time history of the loading).

displacement, velocity, or acceleration. The field [TYPE] in the TLOAD1 card image
9.
Step 7: Create a Load Step to perform Direct Transient Analysis

1.
2.
Click na m e = and enter transient.
3.
Toggle type: and select transient (direct).
4.
Activate SPC (left mouse click on the check box next to SPC) and for SPC =, select the
already existing load collector spc.
5.
Activate D LO AD and for DLOAD =, select the load collector tload1 created previously.
6.
Activate TSTE P and for TSTEP =, select the load collector tstep created previously.
7.
Make sure that the TIME/FOURIER toggle is set to TIME.
8.
A subcase is created that specifies the loads and boundary conditions for direct transient
dynamic analysis.
Step 8: Create Damping parameters for transient dynamic analysis

1.
Click Se tup > C re a te > C o ntro l C a rds to enter the Control Cards panel.
2.
Click ne xt to see more cards.
3.
Click PAR AM to define parameter cards.

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4.
Scroll down to activate G, click on G _V1, and enter 0.2.

This parameter is used to specify the uniform structural damping coefficient for the
direct transient dynamic analysis.
5.
Scroll down to W3, activate and under W 3_V1, enter 300.

This parameter is used in transient analysis to convert structural damping to equivalent
viscous damping.
6.
Click re turn.
Step 9: Create Output requests for Transient Dynamic Analysis

1.
Click G LO B AL_O UTPUT_R E Q UE STS.
2.
Under GLOBAL_OUTPUT_REQUESTS, select D ISPLAC E M E NT and leave the space

beneath FORMAT blank.
3.
For FORM(1), select B O TH .
4.
For OPTION(1), select SID .

A yellow button labeled SID appears.
5.
Double-click on SID and select ce nte r.
6.
Select the option for center.

This set represents the node at the center of the spider attached to the mass element,
that is node 395.
7.
Click re turn > ne xt.
8.
Click O UTPUT.
9.
Under number_of_outputs =, enter 2.
10.
For KEYWORD, select H 3D and H G TR ANS.
11.
For FREQ, select ALL for both.
12.
Click re turn twice to exit from the Control Cards panel.
Submit the Job

1.
Click File > Sa v e a s > M o de l to set the directory in which to save the file.
2.
In File name:, enter bracket_transient_direct.hm.
3.
Click Sa v e .
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Step 11: Running direct transient dynamic analysis

1.
2.
Click Sa v e a s following the input file: field.

A Sa v e As browser window open.
3.
Select the directory where you would like to write the file and enter the name
bracket_transient_direct.fem in the File name: field.
4.
Click Sa v e .
Note that the name and location of the bracket_transient_direct.fem file shows in
5.
6.
Set the run options: togle to a na ly s is .
7.
8.
Click R a dio s s .
If the job was successful, new results files can be seen in the directory where the RADIOSS
model file was written. The bracket_transient_direct.out file is a good place to look for
error messages that will help to debug the input deck if any errors are present.

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bracket_transient_direct.html
HTML report of the analysis, giving a summary

of the problem formulation and the results.
bracket_transient_direct.out

information on the file setup, the setup of the
problem, estimates for the amount of RAM and
disk space required for the run and compute
time information. Review this file for warnings
and errors that are flagged from processing
the bracket_transient_direct.fem file.
bracket_transient_direct.h3d
bracket_transient_direct_tran.mvw
HyperView session file. This file is only created

when transient analysis is performed. This file
automatically creates plots for the
displacement, velocity and acceleration results
contained in the file.
bracket_transient_direct.stat

information for each step during analysis
process.
Review the Results using HyperGraph

Step 12: Post-process displacement results of node 395
1.
From the Radioss panel, click the H y pe rVie w button to launch HyperView.
2.
Click File > O pe n > Se s s io n.
3.
Select the HyperView session file bracket_transient_direct_tran.mvw from the

directory in which the input file was run.
The following prompt appears:
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4.
Click Y e s to close the message window.

This file automatically creates plots for the displacement results contained in the file.
Since the loading is applied only in the z-direction, we are interested in the zdisplacement time history of node 395.
5.
Click on the C urv e Attribute s toolbar button

and turn off the curves X Trans and Y
Trans. This can be done by selecting the individual curves (X Trans and Y Trans) and
then by clicking the line attributes O ff, as shown below:
6.
Click
7.
You can change the color and/or line attributes of the curve if you wish to.
to fit the y-axis (that is Z displacement) of node 395 in the GUI.
Z-displacement time history of the concentrated mass at center of spider for direct transient dynamic
analysis
As can be observed from the above image, the displacements of node 395 are in the
negative z-direction as the loading is in the z direction too. The displacements
eventually damp out due to the structural damping present in the model.

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RD-2030: Modal Transient Dynamic Analysis of a Bracket

In this tutorial, an existing finite element model of a bracket will be used to demonstrate how
to perform modal transient dynamic analysis using RADIOSS. HyperGraph will be used to postprocess the deformation characteristics of the bracket under the transient dynamic loads.
Finite element model of the bracket
The bracket is constrained at the bottom of the two legs. Transient dynamic loads are to be
applied at the grid points of the top, flat surface of the bracket around the hole in the
negative z-direction. The time history of the loading is shown in the next figure. The modal
transient analysis is run for a total time of 4 seconds with the time being divided into 800
increments (that is time step is 0.005). Modal damping has been defined as 2% critical
damping for all the modes. Modes up to 1000 Hz have been considered. A concentrated
mass element is defined at the center of the spider and z-displacements are monitored at the
concentrated mass at the center of this hole.
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Time history of applied loading
This tutorial will use the following exercises to set up a modal transient dynamic analysis:
Define the time dependent dynamic load or the variation of load vs time
Define the time step for transient analysis
Define the grid point forces on the top flat surface of the bracket
Define modal damping table
Define load collector to extract normal modes up to 1000 Hz using the Lanczos method
Define the transient response dynamic excitation
Define the subcase to include all the necessary loads as defined above
Specify output requests
Run modal transient dynamic analysis
Post-process results using Altair HyperGraph

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Exercise
Profile
1.
Launch HyperMesh.
2.
3.
4.
Click O K.
The User Profiles can also be accessed from the Preferences menu on the toolbar.
Step 2: Open the File

1.

2.
Select the bracket_transient.hm file, located in <install_directory>/tutorials/

hwsolvers/radioss/.
3.
Click O pe n.
The bracket_transient.hm database is loaded into the current HyperMesh session,
replacing any existing data.
Step 3: Create a TABLED1 card to define time dependent dynamic load

1.
2.
Click Name and enter tabled1.
3.
4.
For Card image:, select TABLED1 from the drop-down list.
5.
Activate the C a rd e dit lo a dco lle cto r upo n cre a tio n option.
6.
Click C re a te .
7.
Click TAB LE D 1_NUM = and input the number 4.
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8.
Press ENTER.
This should populate the TABLED1 entry to 4 fields for x and 4 for y.
9.
Leave both XAXIS and YAXIS as LINEAR.
10.
Enter in the values as shown below for x and y:
11.
Click re turn.
The load collector TABLED1 that defines the time history of the loading has been
created.
Step 4: Create a TSTEP card (the transient time step to define the time
step intervals at which solution will be generated and output)
1.
2.
Click Na m e and enter tstep.
3.
4.
For Card image:, select TSTEP from the drop-down list. The Card edit load collector
5.
Click C re a te .
6.
Click TSTE P_NUM = and input 1.
7.
Press ENTER.
8.
To specify the number of time steps, enter 800 under N.
9.
To specify the time increment, enter 0.005 under DT.

The total time for which the load is applied is 800 x 0.005 = 4 seconds.
10.
Leave NO as the default value 1 (this is the time step at which output is requested).
11.
Click re turn.

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Step 5: Create DAREA card to define forces on the top surface of the
bracket
1.
2.
Click na m e = and enter darea.
3.
4.
For Card image:, select no ne . The Card edit load collector upon creation option
should be checked.
5.
Click C re a te .
6.
Click B C s > C re a te > C o ns tra ints to open the Constraints window.
7.
Click on no de s , and select by s e ts from the pop-up menu.

Two sets are displayed.
8.
Click fo rce > s e le ct.

The nodes that belong to the set force get selected, as shown below.
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9.
Unselect (right-click) all degrees of freedom (dof); except dof3 indicating that dof3 is
the only active degree of freedom.
10.
For dof3, enter a value of -1500.
11.
Set load types = to D AR E A.
12.
Click cre a te .
This creates a force of 1500 units applied to the selected nodes in the negative zdirection.
13.
Click re turn.

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Step 6: Create a TABDMP1 card (the modal damping table to define

damping as a tabular function of frequency)
1.
2.
Click na m e = and enter tabdmp1.
3.
4.
For Card image:, select TAB D M P1 from the drop-down list.
5.
Click C re a te . The Card edit load collector upon creation option should be checked.
6.
For TABDMP1_NUM =, enter 2.

This should populate the TABDMP1 entry to 2 fields for frequency (f) and damping (g)
values.
7.
For TYPE, switch to C R IT to specify critical damping.
8.
Populate the frequency and damping values for frequencies 0 and 1000 Hz and damping
to be 0.02, as shown below.
This provides a table of damping values for the frequency range of interest.
9.
Step 7: Create an EIGRL load collector to extract modes up to 1000 Hz

1.
2.
Click na m e = and enter eigrl.
3.
4.
Below the Card image:, select E IG R L from the drop-down list. The Card edit load
5.
Click C re a te .
6.
For V1, enter 0.0.
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7.
For V2, enter 1000.
8.
Leave the ND field blank to extract modes up to 1000 Hz.
9.
Click re turn.
Step 8: Create a TLOAD1 card (transient dynamic response excitation)

1.
2.
Click na m e = and enter tload1.
3.
4.
Below the Card image:, select TLO AD 1 from the drop-down list. The Card edit load
5.
Click C re a te .
6.
Double-click E X C ITE ID and select the da re a load collector created previously that
defines the forces on the top surface of the bracket.
7.
Double-click TID and select the TABLED1 load collector created previously that defines
the time history of the loading.
displacement, velocity, or acceleration. The field [TYPE] in the TLOAD1 card image
8.
Step 9: Create the load step to perform the modal transient dynamic
analysis
1.
Click Se tup > C re a te > Lo a dSte ps to open the Loadsteps panel.
2.
Click na m e = and enter transient.
3.
For type, select transient (modal).
4.
Activate SPC and for SPC =, select the already existing load collector s pc.
5.
Activate DLOAD and for DLOAD =, select the load collector tlo a d1 created previously.
6.
Activate METHOD (Struct) and for METHOD =, select the load collector e igrl created
previously.
7.
Activate SDAMPING (Struct) and for SDAMPING =, select the load collector ta bdm p1
created previously.
8.
Activate TSTEP and for TSTEP =, select the load collector ts te p created previously.
9.
Make sure that the TIME/FOURIER toggle is set to TIM E .
10.

A subcase is created that specifies the loads, boundary conditions, and damping for
modal transient dynamic analysis.

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Step 10: Create output requests for transient dynamic analysis

1.
Click Se tup > C re a te > Control Cards panel and select G LO B AL_O UTPUT_R E Q UE ST.
2.
Select DISPLACEMENT and leave the field for FORMAT(1) blank.
3.
For FORM(1), select B O TH .
4.
For OPTION(1), select SID .

A yellow button SID appears.
5.
Double-click SID and select ce nte r.

The center set represents the node at the center of the spider attached to the mass
element, which is node 395.
6.
Click re turn > ne xt.
7.
Click O UTPUT.
8.
For number_of_outputs =, enter 2.
9.
For KEYWORD, select H 3D and H G TR ANS.
10.
For FREQ, select ALL for both.
11.
For the H3D KEYWORD you will have another field, set this to the blank option.
12.
Click re turn twice to exit from the Control Cards panel.
Step 11: Run the modal transient dynamic analysis

1.
2.

A Save Model browser window opens.
3.
bracket_transient_modal.fem in the File name: field.
4.
Click Sa v e .
Note the name and location of the bracket_transient_modal.fem file shows in the
input file: field.
5.
6.
7.
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151
8.
Click R a dio s s .
RADIOSS model file was written. The bracket_transient_modal.out file is a good
present.
bracket_transient_ HTML report of the analysis, giving a
summary of the problem formulation
modal.html
and the results.
bracket_transient_ RADIOSS output file containing
specific information on the file setup,
modal.out
the setup of the problem, estimates
for the amount of RAM and disk
space required for the run and
compute time information. Review
this file for warnings and errors that
are flagged from processing the
bracket_transient_modal.fem file.
bracket_transient_ HyperView binary results file.
modal.h3d
bracket_transient_ HyperView session file. This file is
only created when transient analysis
modal_tran.mvw
is performed. This file automatically
creates plots for the displacement,
velocity and acceleration results
contained in the file.
bracket_transient_ Summary of analysis process,
providing CPU information for each
modal.stat
Step 12: Post-process displacement results of node 395 using

HyperGraph
1.
From the Radioss panel, click the H y pe rVie w button to launch HyperView.
2.
Change the application from HyperView to HyperGraph 2D using the drop-down

switch
to the left of the toolbar buttons.
The following prompt appears: T his ope ra t ion w ill e ra se da t a in t he c urre nt w indow . Do
y ou w ish t o c ont inue ?
3.
Click Y e s .

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4.
Click File > O pe n > Se s s io n.
5.
Select the HyperView session file bracket_transient_modal_tran.mvw from the

directory in which the input file was run. This file automatically creates plots for the
displacement results contained in the file.
Since the loading is applied only in the z-direction, we are interested in the zdisplacement time history of node 395.
6.
Click C lo s e and the Message Log opens.
7.
Click on the C urv e s Attribute s toolbar button

and turn off the curves X Trans and
Y Trans. This can be done by selecting the individual curves (X Trans and Y Trans)
and by then clicking the line attributes O ff, as shown below.
8.
Click
to fit the y-axis (that is Z displacement) of node 395 in the Graphic User
Interface (GUI).
9.
You can change the color and/or line attributes of the curve, if you wish.
Z-displacement time history of the concentrated mass at center of spider for direct transient dynamic
analysis
As can be observed from the above image, the displacements of node 395 are in the negative
z-direction as the loading is in the z direction too. The displacements eventually damp out
due to the structural damping present in the model.
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153
RD-2040: Nonlinear Gap Analysis of an Airplane Wing Rib

In this tutorial, an existing finite element model of an aluminum wing rib model will be used to
demonstrate how to perform nonlinear gap analysis using RADIOSS. HyperView will be used to
post-process the stress and deformation characteristics of the rib.
Wing rib model
There are four shell components in the model: the mounting flange, the web, the top and
bottom flanges, and the lug. Gap elements have already been defined in the model and they
connect the web to the lug. Coupling forces are applied to the lug and pressure loading has
been defined on the top and bottom flanges of the rib joint. The mounting flange is
constrained in all degrees of freedom at the four mounting hole locations and the lug is
constrained for the z-displacements and rotations to prevent rigid body motion.
Exercise 1: Linear gap analysis on the aircraft rib
Create a cylindrical coordinate system and assign it to the gap elements
Create a gap property and assign it to the gap elements
Run a linear gap analysis
Post-process the results from the linear gap analysis using HyperView

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Exercise 2: Nonlinear gap analysis on the aircraft rib

Create a load collector to define nonlinear parameters
Update the subcases to include the nonlinear load collectors
Run a nonlinear gap static analysis
Post-process results using HyperView
Exercise 1: Linear Gap Analysis
Step 1: Load the User Profile and Retrieve the Model File
1.
Launch HyperMesh.
2.
3.

4.

5.
Select the rib.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
6.
Click O pe n.
The rib.hm database is loaded into the current HyperMesh session, replacing any
existing data. The database only contains geometric data.
Note the location of rib.hm now displays in the file: field.
Step 2: Create a cylindrical coordinate system and assign it to the gap

elements
For gap elements with coincident nodes as is the case here, the gap coordinate system MUST
be specified. For detailed information, please refer to the Help section on CGAP.
1.
Click the Sy s te m C o lle cto rs icon
2.
Click the cre a te radio button.
3.
In the systcol name= field, enter cylindrical.
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155
4.
Click the ca rd im a ge switch and select no card image from the pop-up menu.
5.
6.
Click cre a te .
7.
8.
Click the M o de l tab to activate Model Browser, as shown below.
9.
Hide all load collectors by right-clicking on Lo a dC o lle cto r and selecting H ide .
10.
From the Model Browser, click the Is o la te Sho wn icon
11.
Expand the Component list and select the Lug component.
This will isolate the display of only the Lug component.
12.
Click the X Y To p Pla ne Vie w
13.
Click G e o m e try > C re a te > Sy s te m s > Axis D ire ctio n to open the Systems panel.
14.
The cyan halo around the yellow nodes button indicates that it is the current option.
Select the center node on the upper lug.
to set the model view.

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15.
Click o rigin and select the center node again, click x- a xis , select any node on the
circumference and for xy plane, select any node on the plane of the lug, as shown in
the following figure:
Nodes to select for creating cylindrical coordinate system
16.
Click the switch beside rectangular and select cy lindrica l.
17.
Click cre a te .
For cylindrical systems, the x-axis defines the radial direction (q= 0) and the xy plane
defines the r-q plane.
18.
Repeat this process for the bottom lug (steps 13 through 17 of this sequence).
19.
Click re turn.
20.
Click the M o de l tab to activate the Model Browser, if you left it.
21.
Select only the ga p component.

With Isolate Show still active this will display only the gap component.
22.
Click the C a rd E dito r button
23.
Click the entity selection switch on the top left of this panel and select elems.
24.
Click e le m s and select by window from the pop-up menu.
25.
Select the gap elements that are connected to the top lug, as shown by the selected
window in the following figure.
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157
Gap elements connected to top lug
26.
Click s e le ct e ntitie s .
27.
Click co nfig= and select gap from the pop-up menu.
28.
Click e dit.
29.
Click C ID , and select the system that was created at the center of the top lug, as
shown below.
30.
31.
Repeat this process for the gap elements that are connected to the bottom lug.
The gap elements have now been assigned with a cylindrical coordinate system.

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Step 3: Define a property card and assign it to the gap elements

1.
2.
Click pro p na m e = and enter gap_prop.
3.
4.
Click ty pe = and select Springs _G a ps .
5.
Click ca rd im a ge = and select PG AP.
6.
7.
Make sure the check box next to U0_opts is checked.
This way the initial gap opening is calculated automatically.

8.
Make sure the check box next to KA_opts is checked.

This determines the value of KA for each gap element using the stiffness of surrounding
elements automatically.
9.
10.
Click M e s h > C re a te > 1D E le m e nts > G a ps to open the Gaps panel.
11.
Select the update subpanel.
12.
Click e le m s and select by collector from the pop-up menu.
13.
Select gap by checking the box beside it.
14.
Click the green s e le ct button.
15.
Click pro pe rty = and click on ga p_pro p.
16.
Click upda te .
17.
Check beside property.
18.
Click upda te .
The gap elements have now been updated to the new property collector.
19.
Click re turn.
Step 4: Run a linear gap analysis

Two loadsteps have already been created in this HyperMesh model.
1.
2.

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159
3.
rib_linear.fem in the File name: field.
4.
Click Sa v e .
Note the name and location of the rib_linear.fem file displays in the input file: field.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Click R a dio s s .
RADIOSS model file rib_linear.fem was written. The rib_linear.out file is a good
present.
rib_linear.html

formulation and the results.
rib_linear.out

setup, the setup of the problem, estimates for the amount of
RAM and disk space required for the run and compute time
information. Review this file for warnings and errors that are
flagged from processing the rib_linear.fem file.
rib_linear.h3d
rib_linear.res
rib_linear.stat

Step 5: Post-process the results using HyperView

1.

This will launch HyperView and load the rib_linear.mvw file, reading the model and
results.
2.
Click the C urv e s Attribute s button

and undisplay all components except the Web
component. You can do this by activating the Auto apply mode: check box,
(activating Display Off) and then clicking on the components that you want turned off
in the Graphic User Interface (GUI).

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3.
Go to the Contour
panel.
4.
Select the first pull-down menu below Result type: and select E le m e nt Stre s s e s (2D &
3D ).
5.
6.
Above the Results Browser in the left hand panel are the Load Case and Simulation
Selection drop-down menus.
7.
Select Subca s e 1 (C o up_Ve rt) from the Load Case drop-down menu.
8.
Click the X Y To p Pla ne Vie w icon
9.
Click Apply .
to display a top view of the Web.
This should show the contour of stresses on the Web component under the coupled
loading.
Stress results on the Web from linear gap analysis
10.
Click D e le te Pa ge
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to end the HyperView session.

161
Exercise 2: Nonlinear Gap Analysis

Step 1: Create a load collector defining parameters for nonlinear static
analysis
1.
Click the Lo a dC o lle cto rs icon
2.
Enter the create subpanel by selecting the radio button on the left-hand side of the
panel.
3.
Click lo a dco l na m e = and enter nonlinear.
4.
5.
Click ca rd im a ge = and select NLPAR M from the pop-up menu.
6.
7.
Click on NINC and enter 10.
NINC denotes the number of load sub-increments. If NINC is blank, then the entire
loading is applied at once. An NINC of 10 signifies that the load will be sub-divided into
10 equal increments.
8.
Click on M AX ITE R and leave the default value of 25.
9.
The error tolerances EPSU, EPSP and EPSW can be left at their default values.
For details on these tolerances, please read the section Nonlinear Quasi-static Gap and
Contact Analysis in the Help.
10.
Step 2: Update the loadsteps to include the nonlinear step

1.
2.
Click re v ie w and select the Coup_Vert collector.
3.
Check the box next to NLPARM and a new area opens.
4.
Click on = next to NLPARM and select to the newly created nonlinear load collector.
5.
Click upda te .
6.
Repeat this process for the Pressure collector.
Step 3: Run a nonlinear gap analysis

1.
2.


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3.
Select the directory where you would like to write the file and enter the name for the
rib_nonlinear.fem, in the File name: field.
4.
Click Sa v e .
Note the name and location of the rib_nonlinear.fem file displays in the input file:
field.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Click R a dio s s .
RADIOSS model file rib_nonlinear.fem was written. The rib_nonlinear.out file is a
good place to look for error messages that will help to debug the input deck, if any errors
are present.
rib_nonlinear.html
HTML report of the analysis, giving a summary of the

problem formulation and the results.
rib_nonlinear.out
RADIOSS output file containing specific information on the

file setup, the setup of the problem, estimates for the
amount of RAM and disk space required for the run and
compute time information. Review this file for warnings
and errors that are flagged from processing the
rib_nonlinear.fem file.
rib_nonlinear.res
rib_nonlinear.h3d
rib_nonlinear.stat
Summary of analysis process, providing CPU information

Step 4: Post-process results using HyperView

1.

This will launch HyperView and load the rib_nonlinear.h3d file, reading the model and
results.
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2.
Go to the C urv e s a ttribute s panel

and undisplay all the components except the
Web component. You can do that by activating the Auto apply mode: to Display Off
and then clicking the components that you want turned off in the GUI.
3.
Click the Contour panel toolbar button
4.
Select the first pull-down menu below Result type: and select E le m e nt Stre s s e s (2D &
3D ).
5.
6.
Above the Results Browser in the left hand panel are the Load Case and Simulation
Selection drop-down menus.
7.
Click Lo a d C a s e > Subca s e 1 (C o up_Ve rt).
8.
Click the X Y To p Pla ne Vie w icon
9.
Click Apply .
to display a top view of the Web.
This should show the contour of stresses on the Web component under the coupled
loading.
Stress results on the Web from nonlinear gap analysis.

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Analysis Review
Even though the deformation patterns are similar for both linear and nonlinear analyses, the
stress patterns differ. Though the horizontal loads are in opposing directions in the lug, the
stress distribution in the web for the linear run are the same around both the lug holes which
is not correct. This happens as all the gaps are in a closed condition for the linear analysis.
Nonlinear gap analysis gives more accurate representation. The gap status, open or closed,
depending on loading condition can also be observed from the .out file (shown below):
ITERATION
0
NONLINEAR
ITERATION
SUMMARY
Subcase
LOAD FACTOR: 0.1000

-----------------------------------------------------------Nonlinear Error Measures
Gap Elem Status
ITER
EUI
EPI
EWI
Open Closed
-----------------------------------------------------------1
9.9000E+01 1.1659E+00 1.1659E+00
23
25
2
2.9097E-02 2.5218E+02 1.1274E+01
23
25
3
8.4208E-05 1.9063E+01 1.9427E-02
22
26
4
1.4632E-06 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00
22
26
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RD-2050: Random Response Analysis of a Flat Plate

This tutorial demonstrates how to set up the random response analysis for the existing
frequency response analysis model. The setup for frequency response analysis is that the flat
plate has two loading conditions that will be subjected to a frequency-varying load excitation
using the direct method.
The PSD (power spectral density) for displacement at node 19 will be output in the .rand file,
and the peak values of PSD and RMS (root mean square) results will be output to .peak file.
PSD and RMS stress results will be output to .op2 file and post-processed in HyperView.
Submit the RADIOSS job from within HyperMesh
Exercise
Setting up the Problem in HyperMesh
and retrieve the structural model
1.
Launch HyperMesh.
2.
3.
Select B ulkD a ta from the pull-down list to the right of RADIOSS.
4.
Click O K.
reader, paring down the functionality of HyperMesh to what is relevant for generating
models in Bulk Data Format for RADIOSS and OptiStruct. User Profiles can also be
accessed from the Preferences menu on the toolbar.
5.

6.
Select the direct_psd.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under

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7.
Click O pe n.
The direct_psd.hm database is loaded into the current HyperMesh session, replacing
any existing data. The database only contains model data.
The frequency analysis setup is already made for this model where the one end of plate is
clamped and the loading is applied on the other end (two different sources of the loading,
thus two subcases). The loading frequency is defined by the FREQ1 card; from 20 to 1000 Hz
with an interval of 20. The same loading frequency is applied on both the subcases.
Step 2: Create Load Collectors RANDPS and TABRND1

In this step, two PSDF of individual subcases and one coupled PSDF (meaning that those two
subcases are correlated) will be defined through RANDPS bulk data entry. RANDPS will point to
the table entity, TABRNDi.
1.
Click the Lo a d C o lle cto r icon
2.
Go to the create panel.
3.
In the loadcol name = field, enter tabrnd1.
4.
Click ca rd im a ge = and select TAB R ND 1.
5.
Click cre a te / e dit and enter TABRND1 card edit panel.
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167
6.
Input the parameters, as shown in the following image.
7.
Click re turn to go back to the create panel.
8.
In the loadcol name = field, enter randps.
9.
Click ca rd im a ge = and select R AND PS.
10.
Click cre a te / e dit and enter the RANDPS card edit panel.
11.
Three RANDPS entries need to be defined. The subcase and TABRND1 entities can be
selected by double-clicking the yellow color buttons. Input the values, as shown in the
following image. The TABRND1 loadcollectors are selected for the TID(i) column entries.
12.
Click re turn twice to go to the Analysis page.
Step 3: Add the RANDOM subcase information entry and output

request
The RANDOM subcase information entry needs to be added to the frequency analysis model
and the output commands for RMS and PSD results will be added as well.
1.
From the Analysis page, go to the C o ntro l C a rds panel.
2.
Go to GLOBAL_CASE_CONTROL panel.
3.
Check the box in front of RANDOM and double-click the highlighted ID button and
select ra ndps .
4.
Return to Control Cards and click G LO B AL_O UTPUT_R E Q UE ST. Check the box for
STRESS to activate the card edit panel.
5.
Select O UTPUT2 as the FORMAT, PSD F under RANDOM, and YES under OPTION.
RMS and PSDF stress will be output to .op2 file.
6.
Click re turn to go back to the Control Cards panel.

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7.
Select C ASE _UNSUPPO R TE D _C AR D S and add the following cards:

XYPLOT,DISP,PSDF/ 19(T3)
RADIOSS will output the PSDF for the translational displacement in z direction at node
19.
8.
Click O K > R e turn.
Step 4: Submit the job

1.
2.

3.
Select the directory where you would like to write the file and enter the name for the
direct_psd.fem in the File name: field.
4.
Click Sa v e .
Note the name and location of the file displays in the input file: field.
5.
6.
Set the run options: toggle to Ana ly s is .
7.
8.
Click R a dio s s .
If the job completed successfully, new results files can be seen in the directory where
the RADIOSS model file was written. The direct_psd.out file is a good place to look for
error messages that will help to debug the input deck if any errors are present.
direct_psd.html

formulation and the results.
direct_psd.out
RADIOSS output file containing specific information on the file set

up, the set up of the problem, estimate for the amount of RAM
and disk space required for the run and compute time information.
Review this file for warnings and errors that are flagged from
processing the direct_psd.fem file.
direct_psd.h3d
direct_psd.stat

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Also, the following files will be output which are specific to the random response
analysis.
direct_psd.peak
ASCII result file, containing RMS and peak values of PSD.
direct_psd.rand
ASCII result file, containing PSD results.
direct_psd_rand.mvw
HyperView script file. This file will automatically create the plot
of PSD over the frequency for the results contained in .rand
file
direct_psd.op2
Binary file containing RMS and PSD results.
Step 5: View the RMS and PSD results

This step describes how to post-process the RMS and PSD results in HyperView. The PSD for
displacement at node 19 is output to direct_psd.rand file and the plot of PSD vs. frequency
can be viewed by loading the direct_psd_rand.mvw file. The RMS and PSD stress results are
available in .op2 file. The RMS and the peak values of PSD for displacement at node 19 are
output to .peak file, which can be reviewed with any text editor.
1.
Open a HyperView session.
2.
Load Direct_psd.op2 file.
3.
Go to C o nto ur panel.
4.
In the Load Case and Simulation Selection window, select the ra ndo m subcase and
the fre que ncy = 20.0 Hz as the Simulation.
5.
Select result type PSD STR E SS (t), v o nM is e s , and click Apply .

The PSD vonMises stress contour at frequency 20.0 Hz will be displayed as below:

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6.
Change the Simulation to Simulation 1.
7.
Select the result type RMS stress, vonMises, and click Apply .
The RMS stress contour will be displayed.
8.
In the HyperView window, click File > O pe n > Se s s io ns .

The Open Session File window opens.
9.
Select the directory where the job was run and select the file direct_psd_rand.mvw.
10.
Click O pe n.
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RD-2060: Acoustic Analysis of a Half Car Model

The purpose of this tutorial is to evaluate the vibration characteristics of a half car model
subjected to Fluid Structure interaction. The fluid that is being referred to is air.
Essentially, the noise level or the sound level is evaluated inside the car at a location near the
ear of the driver which is the main response location inside the fluid (shown below).
Half C ar Model
The half car model is excited at the bottom of the car, as shown by a red constraint symbol
(triangle) in the above figure. The excitation provided is with the application of a unit load
along the direction of the height of the car (Z-axis).
Process Overview
Retrieve the HyperMesh model
Create material and geometric properties
Create modal frequency response subcase in order to perform acoustic analysis
Perform the finite element analysis and view the results

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Exercise
1.
Launch HyperMesh.
2.
Select R a dio s s (B ulkD a ta ) in the User Profile dialog.
3.
Click O K.
This loads the User Profile. It includes the appropriate template, macro menu and import
models in Bulk Data Format for RADIOSS and OptiStruct. The User Profiles GUI (Graphic
User Interface) can also be accessed from the Preferences menu on the toolbar.
4.
Click File > O pe n .

An Open file browser will opens.
5.
Select the Half_Car.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
6.
Click O pe n.
Step 2: Create isotropic and fluid materials and properties and then
assign them to their structural and fluid elements
1.
Click the M o de l tab on the Tab menu.
2.
M a te ria l.
3.
In the Name: field, enter MAT1_shells.
4.
In the Card image: field, select M AT1 from the drop-down list. The Card edit material
5.
Click C re a te .
6.
Fill in the fields for E, Nu and Rho accordingly 2.1e04, 0.33 and 8.0e-10.
7.
Click re turn.
8.
M a te ria l.
9.
In the Name: field, enter MAT10_Solids. Select FLUID from the drop-down list in the
Type field.
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10.
Select FLUID from the drop-down list in the Type field. Check the Card edit material
upon creation option.
11.
For Card image:, select MAT10 from the drop-down list. The Card edit material upon
creation option should be checked.
12.
Click C re a te .
13.
Fill in the fields for Rho and C accordingly 1.2e-13 and 3.4e5.
14.
Click re turn.
15.
Pro pe rty .
16.
In the Name: field, enter Shells.
17.
For Card image:, select PSHELL from the drop-down list. Check the Card edit
material upon creation option.
18.
For Material, select MAT1_shells.
19.
Click C re a te .
20.
Enter the thickness for the shell component by clicking [T], clicking in the text box, and
entering 2.0.
21.
22.
Pro pe rty .
23.
In the Name: field, enter Solids.
24.
For Card image:, select PSOLID from the drop-down list.
25.
For Material, select MAT10_Solids. Check the Card edit material upon creation
option.
26.
Click C re a te .
The PSOLID card image appears.
27.
Select the option PFLUID by clicking on [FC TN] and then click on SM E C H .
28.
29.
Click on the Properties icon
30.
Click on e le m s and select the elements by collector and select the collector fluid.
31.
Select type= 3D.
32.
Click pro pe rty = , and select solids and click a s s ign.
in the task bar.

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33.
Click on e le m s again and select the elements by collector and select the collector
structure.
34.
Select ty pe = 2D .
35.
Click pro pe rty = , and select shells and click a s s ign.
36.
Click the co m po ne nt
icon in the task bar.
Make sure that the radio button is set to update.

37.
Click on co m ps and select component fluid.
38.
Toggle the button next to <no property> to property=.
39.
Click pro pe rty = , and select solids and click upda te .
40.
Click on co m ps and select component structure.
41.
Toggle the button next to <no property> to property=.
42.
Click pro pe rty = , and select shells and click upda te .
43.
Click R e turn to go back to the main menu.

In the following steps, the model is unconstrained and a unit vertical load is applied acting
upwards in the positive z-direction at a point on the base of the car (shown in page 1). The
model can be unconstrained as the solver applies PARAM, INREL -2 by default to avoid the
model from experiencing a rigid body motion.
First, the load collector (unit-load) is created.
1.
Click the Load Collectors icon.
2.
3.
Click lo a dco l na m e = and enter unit-load.
4.
5.
6.
Click cre a te .
7.
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8.
Make sure the current load collector is set to unit_load by clicking the Se t C urre nt
Lo a d C o lle cto r field at the bottom right corner on HyperMesh window.
This opens a panel that displays the list of load collectors.

9.
Click unit- lo a d > re turn.
Step 4: Create a Unit Load at a Point on the bottom of the car

1.
From the Analysis page, enter the co ns tra ints panel.
2.
3.
Select node number 19072 on the car model by clicking on nodes and selecting it by ID .
4.
Uncheck all dofs, except dof3 and click the = to the right of dof3 and enter a value of 1 .
5.
Select Load Types = and select DAREA from the extended entity selection menu.
6.
Click cre a te .
This applies a unit load to the selected node.
7.
Click re turn.

1.
Click the Load Collectors
icon.
2.

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3.
4.
5.
Toggle the button and select card image from the pop-up menu.
6.
Click ca rd im a ge = and select TABLED1 from the extended entity selection menu.
7.

8.
9.
Leave the input field below x(1) set to 0.0.
10.
Click in the input field below y(1) and enter 1.0.
11.
Click in the input field below x(2) and enter 200.0.
12.
Click in the input field below y(2) and enter 1.0.
13.

This gives a frequency range of 0.0 to 200.0 with a constant 1.0 over this range and it
would appear, as shown below on the GUI.

1.
In the Load Collectors panel, click lo a dco l na m e = and enter rload1.
2.
3.
Click ca rd im a ge = and select R LO AD 1 from the extended entity selection menu.
4.

5.

A list of collectors appears in the bottom left-hand corner.
6.
Select the collector unit-load, from the list of collectors.

An ID appears below the yellow EXCITEID box. This is the ID of the load collector unit-load.
7.
Double-click TC in the yellow box.

A list of collectors appears in the bottom left-hand corner.
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8.
Select collector ta ble d1.
9.

displacement, velocity, or acceleration. The field [TYPE] in the RLOAD1 card image
A typical RLOAD1 card appears as below.
Step 7: Create a Set of Frequencies to be used in the Response Solution

1.
In the Load Collectors panel, click lo a dco l na m e = and enter freq1.
2.
3.
Click ca rd im a ge = and select FR E Q i from the extended entity selection menu.
4.

A new window appears showing the card image of FREQi.
5.
Check the box next to FREQ1.
6.
Click F1, then click in the field box below F1 and input a value of 0.0.
7.
Click D F, then click in the field box below DF and input a value of 1.0.
8.
Click ND F, then click in the field box below NDF and input a value of 200.
9.

This gives a set of frequencies beginning with 0.0, incremented by 1.0 and 200
frequencies increments and the card appears as shown below on the GUI.

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Step 8: Create the modal method for eigenvalue analysis using the
Lanczos method and specify the frequency range for eigenvalue
extraction
1.
In the Load Collectors panel, click lo a dco l na m e = and enter eigrl1.
2.
3.
Click ca rd im a ge = and select E IG R L from the extended entity selection menu.
4.
5.
Click [V2] and input a value of 600.0.
6.
Click [ND ] and input a value of 50.
7.

This specifies a range of frequency between an initial frequency and 600 Hz for
eigenvalue extraction using the Lanczos method.
8.
In the Load Collectors panel, click na m e = and enter eigrl2.

Repeat the steps from 2 to 7 to create another load collector with Lanczos eigenvalue
extraction method, which appears as shown below:
9.
Click R e turn twice to go back to the main menu.
Step 9: Create a RADIOSS Loadstep

1.
From the Analysis page, enter the lo a ds te ps panel.
2.
3.
Click the ty pe : switch and select fre q.re s p (m o da l) from the pop-up menu.
4.

An entry field appears to the right of METHOD(STRUCT).
5.
Click on the e ntry field and select e igrl1 from the list of load collectors.
6.
Check the box preceding METHOD(FLUID).

An entry field appears to the right of METHOD(FLUID).
7.
Click on the e ntry field and select e igrl2 from the list of load collectors.
8.

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179
9.
Click on the e ntry field and select rlo a d1 from the list of load collectors.
10.

11.
Click on the e ntry field and select fre q1 from the list of load collectors.
12.
Click cre a te .
A RADIOSS subcase has been created which references the constraints, the unit load in
the load collector rload1 with a set of frequencies defined in load collector freq1 and
modal method defined in the load collector eigrl.
13.
Step 10: Create a node set for output of results

1.
2.
3.
4.
Leave the Set type: switch set to no n- o rde re d.
5.
Make sure that the yellow entity: selection type box is set to no de s .
6.
Select node ID 18881.
7.
Click cre a te .
A message appears stating: "T he e nt it y se t ha s be e n c re a t e d."
8.
Click re turn.
Step 11: Create a set of outputs specific to frequency response analysis

1.
From the Analysis page, enter the co ntro l ca rds panel.
2.
Click on AC M O D L.
This defines the model parameters for fluid-structure interface.
3.
Click [INTE R ] and select D IFF.
4.
Click [INFO R ] and select ALL.
5.
Click re turn to exit this menu.
6.
Select G LOBAL_OUTPUT_REQUEST. Then check the box to the left of DISPLACEMENT.

7.
Click the field box FORM and select PH ASE from the pop-up menu.
8.
Click the field box OPTION and select SID from the pop-up menu.

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9.
Double-click the yellow SID box and select SE TA from the pop-up selection on the
bottom left corner.
nodes in set 1.
10.
11.
Select GLOBAL_CASE_CONTROL.
12.
Check the box next to FREQ.
13.
Click FR E Q and select the load collector fre q1.
14.
Click re turn to exit this menu and click ne xt.
15.
Select the OUTPUT subpanel.

A new window appears in the work area.
16.
Specify number of outputs = 4.
17.
Verify KEYWORD is set to H G FR E Q .

Using HGFREQ will result in a frequency output presentation for HyperGraph.
18.
Double-click on the box beneath FREQ and select ALL from the pop-up selection.
Choosing ALL will output results for all frequencies.
19.
Verify KEYWORD is set to O PTI.
20.
Double-click on the box beneath FREQ and select ALL from the pop-up selection.
21.
Similarly under KEYWORD select PUNC H and H 3D .
22.
23.
Select PAR AM .
24.
Click AUTO SPC .
25.
Scroll down and check the box next to G.

26.
Click below G_V1, and input a value of 0.06 into the field box.
multiplying the critical damping [C/C0] ratio by 2.0.
27.
Check the box next to GFL.
28.
Click below [VALUE] and enter 0.12.
29.
Click re turn to exit the PARAM menu.
30.
Click re turn to exit the control cards menu.
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Submitting the Job

1.
Click Applica tio ns > R AD IO SS.
2.
Following the input file: field text box, click s a v e a s .
3.
Select the directory where you would like to write the RADIOSS model file, enter the
name Half_car.fem in the File name: field, and click Sa v e .
4.
5.
Click R AD IO SS.
the directory where the RADIOSS model file was written. The Half_car.out file is a
good place to look for error messages that will help to debug the input deck if any errors
are present.
Half_car.html

Half_car.out
RADIOSS output file containing specific information on the file setup,

the setup of your optimization problem, estimates for the amount of
RAM and disk space required for the run, information for all
optimization iterations, and compute time information. Review this file
for warnings and errors.
Half_car.h3d
Half_car.stat
Summary of analysis process, providing CPU information for each step

during analysis process.
Review the Results (HyperMesh and HyperGraph)

Step 13: Review the results
This step describes how to view displacement results (.mvw file) in HyperGraph. The
HyperView results file (.h3d) contains only the displacement results for the node specified in
the node set output.
1.
Once the analysis process completes, click the green H y pe rVie w button to open a
HyperView session.
2.
Close the Message log menu, if one appears, by clicking C lo s e .
3.
In the HyperView window, click File > Open... > Session.

An Open Session File windows opens.

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4.
Select the directory where the job was run and select the file Half_Car_freq.mvw.
5.
Click O pe n.
A discard warning appears.
6.
Click Y e s .
Two graphs per page and a total of one page are displayed in HyperGraph. The graph
title shows Subcase 1 (subcase 1) pressure at grid 18881.
7.
Click the Axis toolbar button
8.
Make sure the Axis is set to Prim a ry and H o riz o nta l.
9.
Click the Sca le a nd Tics tab.
10.
Make sure the toggle is set to Line a r.
11.
In the Axis, switch the button from H o riz o nta l to Ve rtica l.
12.
Click on the Sca le a nd Tics (M a gnitude ) tab.
13.
Make sure the toggle is set to dB 10.
Frequency (log). The bottom graph shows Magnitude verses Frequency (log) (see
figure below) for Pressure at grid 18881.
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RD-2070: Fatigue (Stress - Life) Method
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185
Fatigue using S-N (Stress - Life) Method

RADIOSS uses the S-N approach for calculating the fatigue life. The S-N approach is suitable
for high cycle fatigue, where the material is subject to cyclical stresses that are
predominantly within the elastic range. Structures under such stress ranges should typically
survive more than 1000 cycles.
The S-N approach is based on elastic cyclic loading, inferring that the S-N curve should be
confined to numbers greater than 1000 cycles. This ensures that no significant plasticity is
occurring. This is commonly referred to as high-cycle fatigue.
Figure 1: Low C ycle and High C ycle regions on the S-N curve
Since S-N theory deals with uniaxial stress, the stress components need to be resolved into
one combined value for each calculation point, at each time step, and then used as
equivalent nominal stress applied on the S-N curve.
In RADIOSS, various stress combination types are available with the default being Absolute
maximum principle stress. In general Absolute maximum principle stress is recommended for
brittle materials, while Signed von Mises stress is recommended for ductile material. The
sign on the signed parameters is taken from the sign of the Maximum Absolute Principal value.
A flowchart of the fatigue setup in HyperMesh can be described as shown in the image below.

Altair Engineering
Figure 2: Fatigue analysis flowchart.
The three aspects to the fatigue definition are the fatigue material properties, the fatigue
parameters and the loading sequence and event definitions.
The fatigue material properties: (S-N curve)
Figure 3: Two segment S-N curve
FATDEF: Defines the elements and associated fatigue properties that will be used for
the fatigue analysis.
PFAT: Defines the finish, treatment, layer and the fatigue strength reduction factors for
the elements.
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MATFAT: Defines the material properties for the fatigue analysis. These properties
should be obtained from the materials S-N curve (Figure 3). The S-N curve, typically, is
obtained from completely reversed bending on mirror polished specimen. S-N curves can
be one segment or two segments.
The fatigue parameters
Figure 4: Mean Stress correction
FATPARM: Defines the parameters for the fatigue analysis. These include stress
combination method, mean stress correction method (Figure 4), Rainflow parameters,
Stress Units.
The fatigue sequence and event definition
Figure 5: Load Time History

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FATSEQ: Defines the loading sequence for the fatigue analysis. This card can refer to
another FATSEQ card or a FATEVNT card.
FATEVNT: Defines loading events for the fatigue analysis.
FATLOAD: Defines fatigue loading parameters.
TABLEFAT: Defines the y values for each point on the time loading history (Figure 5).
The following files are needed to perform this tutorial:

ctrlarm.fem, load1.csv and load2.csv
These files can be found in <install_directory>/tutorials/hwsolvers/radioss/ and
copied to your working directory.
Exercise
In this tutorial, a control arm loaded by brake force and vertical force is used, as shown in
Figure 6. Two load time histories acquired for 2545 seconds with 1 HZ, shown in Figure 7(a)
and 7(b), are adopted. The SN curve of the material used in the control arm is shown in
Figure 8. Because a crack always initiates from the surface, a skin meshed with shell
elements is designed to cover the solid elements, which can improve the accuracy of
calculation as well.
Figure 6: Model of the control arm for fatigue analysis
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189
(a)
(b)
Figure 7: Load time history (a) for vertical force (b) for braking force

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Figure 8: SN curve
Step 1: Load and review the model

The model being used for this exercise is that of a control arm, as shown in Figure 6. Loads
and boundary conditions and two static loadcases have already been defined on this model.
1.
Launch HyperMesh 12.0.
2.
Change the User Profile to R AD IO SS (B ulkD a ta ).
3.
Import the file ctrlarm.fem located in the installation directory under

Step 2: Define TABFAT cards

The first step in defining the loading sequence is to define the TABFAT cards. This card
represents the loading history.
1.
Make sure the Utility menu is selected in the View menu. Click Vie w > Utility > M e nu.
2.
Click on the Utility tab beside the Model tab in the browser. In the Tools section, click
on TAB LE cre a te .
3.
Set Options: to Im po rt ta ble .
4.
Set Tables: to TAB FAT.
5.
Click Ne xt.
6.
Browse for the loading file.
7.
In the Open the XY data File dialog box, set the Files of type filter to C SV (*.csv).
8.
Open the file load1.csv located in the installation directory under

9.
C re a te Ne w Ta ble with Name: table1.
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191
10.
Click Apply to save the table.

The load collector table1 with TABFAT card image is created.
11.
Browse for a second loading file load2.csv.
12.
Create New Table with Name: table2.
13.

14.
Exit from the Import TABFAT window.
Tables appear under Load Collector in the Model Browser.

Note:
A file in DAC format can very easily be imported in Altair HyperGraph and converted
to CSV format to be read in HyperMesh.
Step 3: Defining FATLOAD cards

1.
C re a te a new load collector named FATLOAD1.
2.
Set the card image to FATLO AD .
3.
C re a te / e dit the card.
4.
Point TID (table ID) to ta ble 1.
5.
Point LCID (load case ID) to SUB C ASE 1.
6.
Set LDM (load magnitude) to 1.
7.
Set Scale to 3.0.
8.
R e turn from the card editor.
9.
Repeat the process to create another load collector named FATLOAD2 with FATLOAD
card image and pointing to table2 and SUBCASE2.
10.
Set LDM to 1 and Scale to 3.0.
11.
Step 4: Defining FATEVNT card

1.
C re a te a load collector named FATEVENT, using a card image of FATE VNT.
2.
3.
Set FATEVNT_NUM_FLOAD to 2.
4.
Point FLOAD(1) to FATLO AD 1.
5.
6.
R e turn to the card editor.

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Step 5: Defining the FATSEQ card

1.
C re a te a load collector named FATSEQ using a card image of FATSE Q .
2.
3.
Point the FID (Fatigue Event Definition) card to FATE VE NT.
4.
For N(1) number of repeats, set to 1.
5.
With this we have finished defining the sequence of events for the fatigue analysis. The
Fatigue parameters are defined next.
Step 6: Defining the Fatigue parameters

1.
C re a te a new load collector named fatparam, with card image of FATPAR M .
2.
3.
Make sure TYPE is set to SN.
4.
Set STRESS COMBINE to SGVON (Signed von Mises).
5.
Set STRESS CORRECTION to GERBER.
6.
Set STRESSU to MPA (Stress Units).
7.
Set RAINFLOW RTYPE to LOAD.
8.
Set CERTNTY [SURVCERT] to 0.5.
9.
Click R e turn twice to return to the main menu.
Step 7: Defining the Fatigue material properties

The material curve for the fatigue analysis can be defined on the MAT1 card.
1.
Card edit the material using
toolbar button.
2.
Toggle to mats and select Alum inum material.
3.
Click e dit.
4.
Check M ATFAT in the panel area and select SN in submenu.
5.
Set STATIC UTS (ultimate tensile stress) to 600.
6.
For the SN curve set (these values should be obtained from the materials SN curve).
SRI1 = 1420.58
B1 = -0.076
NC1 = 5.0e8
SE = 0.1
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7.
Step 8: Defining the PFAT card

1.
C re a te a new load collector named pfat.
2.
Set the card image to PFAT and click C re a te / E dit.
3.
Set LAYER to TO P.
4.
Set FINISH to NO NE .
5.
Set TRTMENT to NO NE .
6.
R e turn to the panel area.
Step 9: Defining the FATDEF card

1.
C re a te a new load collector named fatdef.
2.
Set the card image to FATD E F and click C re a te / E dit.
3.
From the panel area, select PSH E LL.
4.
For PID(1), select s he ll.
5.
For PFATID(1), select pfa t.
6.
Step 10: Defining the fatigue load case

1.
Go to the lo a ds te ps panel on the Analysis page.
2.
C re a te a new load case with name = Fatigue.
3.
Set the type: to fa tigue .
4.
For FATDEF, select fa tde f.
5.
For FATPARM, select fa tpa ra m .
6.
For FATSEQ, select FATSE Q .
7.
Step 11: Submitting the RADIOSS analysis and reviewing the results
1.
From the Analysis page, go to the R a dio s s panel.
2.

3.
In File name field, enter the name ctrlarm_hm.fem.
4.
Click Sa v e .

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5.
The field input file: is set to the location of ctrlarm_hm.fem.
6.
Submit the analysis by clicking on the R AD IO SS button.
7.
Once the analysis is complete, click on the H y pe rVie w button to launch the results.
8.
In the Results tab, select Subca s e 3 (Fa tigue ) from the subcase field.
9.
Go to the Contour panel in HyperView.
10.
Set Result type to D a m a ge and click on Apply to contour the elements.
Figure 9: Elemental damage results
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Fatigue Process Manager (FPM) using S-N (Stress - Life)

Method
RADIOSS uses the S-N approach for calculating the fatigue life. The S-N approach is suitable
for high cycle fatigue, where the material is subject to cyclical stresses that are
predominantly within the elastic range. Structures under such stress ranges should typically
survive more than 1000 cycles.
The S-N approach is based on elastic cyclic loading, inferring that the S-N curve should be
confined to numbers greater than 1000 cycles. This ensures that no significant plasticity is
occurring. This is commonly referred to as high-cycle fatigue.
Since S-N theory deals with uniaxial stress, the stress components need to be resolved into
equivalent nominal stress applied on the S-N curve (Figure 2).

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Figure 2: Two segment S-N curve
In RADIOSS various stress combination types are available, with the default being Absolute
maximum principle stress. In general Absolute maximum principle stress is recommended for
brittle materials, while Signed von Mises stress is recommended for ductile material. The
In this tutorial, you will be able to evaluate fatigue life with the S-N method through process
manager step by step. In brief, the following contents are covered:
Launching Fatigue Process Manager
Importing model
Creating fatigue subcase
Defining fatigue analysis parameters
Defining fatigue elements and S-N properties
Defining load-time history and loading sequence
Submitting the job
Viewing results summary and launch HyperView for post-processing

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Exercise
A control arm loaded by brake force and vertical force is used, as shown in Figure 3. Two load
time histories acquired for 2545 seconds with 1 HZ, shown in Figures 4(a) and 4(b), are
applied. The material of the control arm is aluminum, whose S-N curve is shown in Figure 5.
Because a crack always initiates from the surface, a skin meshed with shell elements is
designed to cover the solid elements, which can improve the accuracy of calculation as well.
Figure 3: Model of control arm for fatigue analysis
(a)

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(b)
Figure 5: S-N C urve of Aluminum
Step 1: Launch HyperMesh 12.0 and Process Manager

1.
Launch HyperMesh 12.0.

2.
Select R AD IO SS (B ulkD a ta ) in the User Profile dialog.
3.
Click O K.
4.
Click To o ls > Fa tigue Pro ce s s > C re a te Ne w.
5.
Input New Session Name and Working Folder and click C re a te . This creates a new file
to save the instance of the currently loaded fatigue process template.
When finished, the Fatigue Analysis tree will appear.
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Figure 6: Glance after launch Fatigue Process Manager (FPM)
Step 2: Import model

1.
Make sure the task Import File is selected in the Fatigue Analysis tree.
2.
For the Model file type:, select R AD IO SS (B ulkD a ta ).
3.
Click the O pe n m o de l file icon
A Select File browser window opens.

4.
Browse for ctrlarm.fem file located in the installation directory under

<install_directory>/tutorials/hwsolvers/radioss/ and click O pe n.
5.
Click Im po rt.
This loads the control arm model. It includes a whole definition of two static subcases,
elements sets, and material static properties, etc.
6.
Click Apply .
This guides you to the next task Fatigue Subcase of the Fatigue Analysis tree.

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Figure 7: Import a Finite Element Model file
Step 3: Create fatigue subcase

1.
Make sure the task Fa tigue Subca s e is selected in the Fatigue Analysis tree.
2.
In the Create new fatigue subcase field, enter fatsub_fpmtut.
3.
Click C re a te .
4.
For the Select existing fatigue subcase:, select the newly created fatigue subcase
fa ts ub_fpm tut.
fatsub_fpmtut is selected as the active fatigue subcase. Definitions in the following
processes (analysis parameters, fatigue elements and properties, loading sequences,
etc.) will be for this subcase.
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5.
Click Apply .
This saves the current definitions and guides you to the next task Analysis Parameters
of the Fatigue Analysis tree.
Figure 8: C reate and select active fatigue subcase to process
Step 4: Fatigue Analysis Parameters Definition

1.
Make sure the task Ana ly s is Pa ra m e te rs is selected in the Fatigue Analysis tree.
2.
Select the following options:
3.
Analysis type
S-N
Stress combination method
Signed von Mises
Mean stress correction
GERBER
FEA stress unit
MPA
Rainflow type
STRESS
Enter the following values:

Gate
0.0
Certainty of survival
0.5

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4.
Click Apply .
This saves the current definitions and guides you to the next task Elements and
Materials of the Fatigue Analysis tree. For details, please consult the HyperWorks
12.0 Help.
Figure 9: Fatigue analysis parameters definition.
Step 5: Fatigue Elements and Materials Definition

1.
Make sure the task E le m e nts a nd M a te ria ls is selected in the Fatigue Analysis tree.
2.
Click Add.
A Material Data window opens.
3.
For Element entity type, select Pro pe rty - PSH E LL.
4.
For Element entity name, select s he ll.

This is the skin coating the solid control arm.
5.
Make sure Ultimate tensile strength (UTS) is selected to define the material data.
6.
For UTS, enter the value 600.
7.
For Input method of defining S-N curve, select E s tim a te Fro m UTS.
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8.
Click the Sho w SN curv e de finitio n icon
An SN method description window introducing how to generate the SN material

parameter opens.
9.
Click C lo s e .
10.
For Material type, select Alum inum Allo y s and click E s tim a te .
All the data for SN curve definition are automatically estimated.
11.
Click the Plo t SN C urv e button at the bottom of the window to show the SN curve.
12.
C lo s e the SN Curve plot window.
13.
For Layer of stress results in shell elements, select TO P.
14.
For Surface finish, select No Finis h.
15.
For Surface treatment, select No Tre a tm e nt.
16.
Leave the field after Fatigue strength reduction factor blank.
17.
Click Sa v e to save the definition of the SN data for the selected elements.
18.
Click Apply .
This saves the current definitions and guides you to the next task Load-Time History

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Figure 10: Material data definition
Figure 11: Elements and material definition
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Step 6: Load-Time History Definition

1.
Make sure the task Lo a d- Tim e H is to ry is selected in the Fatigue Analysis tree.
2.
Click Add by File .

A Load Time History window opens.
3.
For Load-time history name, enter lth1.
4.
For Load-time history type, select C SV.
5.
Click the O pe n lo a d- tim e file icon
An Open file browser window opens.

6.
Browse for load1.csv.
7.
8.
Click Sa v e to write the new load-time history into HyperMesh database.
9.
Follow Steps 2 - 8 to create another load-time history lth2 by importing the file load2.
csv.
10.
Click Plo t L- T to show the load-time history.
11.
C lo s e the Load Time History window.
12.
Click Apply .
This saves the current definitions and guides you to the next task Loading Sequences
Note:
For a file of DAC format, it can very easily be imported in Altair HyperGraph
and converted to CSV format for use by FPM.

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Figure 12: Load-time history definition
Figure 13: Import load-time history
Step 7: Loading Sequences Definition

In this step, one event consisting of two load time history is created; in other words, the
linear superposition of the stress caused by the two load time history is requested during
analysis. Using this event, one load sequence is constructed.
1.
Make sure the task Lo a ding Se que nce s is selected in the Fatigue Analysis tree.
2.
Click Add.
A Loading Definition window opens.
3.
For Select static loadcase, select SUB C ASE 1.
4.
For Select load-time history, select lth1.
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5.
For Scale, enter the value 3.0.
6.
Make sure Create new is selected using the radio buttons.
7.
Enter Event1 for the newly created fatigue event name.
Figure 14: Associate load-time history with static subcase
8.
Click Sa v e > Add.

9.
10.
11.
Enter the value 3.0 for Scale.
12.
Make sure Existing is selected using the radio buttons.
13.
For Existing, select E v e nt1.
14.
Click Sa v e > Apply .

This saves the current definitions and guides you to the next task Submit analysis of
the Fatigue Analysis tree.

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Figure 15: Loading sequences definition
Step 8: Submit fatigue analysis

1.
Make sure the task Subm it Ana ly s is is selected in the Fatigue Analysis tree.
2.
Click the Sa v e .fe m file icon

3.
Set the directory in which to save the file, and for File name, enter ctrlarm_fpmtut.
fem.
4.
Click Sa v e to close the window.
5.
Click Sa v e to save the RADIOSS model file.
6.
For Run Option, select a na ly s is .
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7.
Click Subm it.

This launches the RADIOSS 12.0 to run the fatigue analysis.
RADIOSS model file was written.
ctrlarm_fpmtut.0.3.
fat
An ASCII format file which contains fatigue results of each

fatigue subcase in iteration step.
ctrlarm_fpmtut.h3d
Hyper 3D binary results file, with both static analysis results

and fatigue analysis results.
ctrlarm_fpmtut.out

set up, the set up of your fatigue problem, compute time
information, etc. Review this file for warnings and errors.
ctrlarm_fpmtut.stat

Figure 16: Submit fatigue analysis

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Step 9: Post Processing

1.
Make sure the task Po s t Pro ce s s ing is selected in the Fatigue Analysis tree.
When fatigue analysis has completed successfully after the previous submit, it will
automatically go into this task.
2.
Vie w the Results type: Life

Check the top 0.1%, 1.0%, 5.0% average life, and Top 1, 2, 3 most damage elements
lives.
3.
Toggle the Result type to view the damage results summary.
4.
Click Lo a d H 3D R e s ults (H V).

This launches HyperView to load the ctrlarm_fpmtut.h3d results file for more detailed
results.
5.
Click C lo s e to unload Fatigue Process Manager.
Figure 17: Life results summary
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Figure 18: Damage contour in HyperView

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RD-2080: Fatigue (Strain - Life) Method
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Fatigue using E-N (Strain - Life) Method

The E-N (Strain - Life) method should be chosen to predict the fatigue life when plastic strain
occurs under the given cyclic loading. S-N (Stress - Life) method is not suitable for lowcycle fatigue where plastic strain plays a central role for fatigue behavior. If an S-N analysis
indicates a fatigue life less than 10,000 cycles, it is a sign that an E-N method may be a
better choice. The E-N method, while computationally more expensive than S-N, should give
a reasonable estimate for high-cycle fatigue as well.
Since E-N theory deals with uniaxial strain, the strain components need to be resolved into
equivalent nominal strain applied on the E-N curve (Figure 2).

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Figure 2: Strain-Life curve
In RADIOSS various strain combination types are available with the default being Absolute
maximum principle strain. In general Absolute maximum principle stain is recommended for
brittle materials, while Signed von Mises strain is recommended for ductile material. The
A flowchart of the fatigue setup in HyperMesh can be described as shown in the image below.
Figure 3: Fatigue analysis flowchart.
The three aspects to the fatigue definition are the fatigue material properties, the fatigue
parameters and the loading sequence and event definitions.
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FATDEF: Defines the elements and associated fatigue properties that will be used for
the fatigue analysis.
PFAT: Defines the finish, treatment, layer and the fatigue strength reduction factors for
the elements.
MATFAT: Defines the material properties for the fatigue analysis. These properties
should be obtained from the materials E-N curve (Figure 2). The E-N curve, typically, is
obtained from completely reversed bending on mirror polished specimen.
The fatigue parameters
Figure 4: Mean Stress correction
FATPARM: Defines the parameters for the fatigue analysis. These include stress
combination method, mean stress correction method (Figure 4), Rainflow parameters,
Stress Units.

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The fatigue sequence and event definition
Figure 5: Load Time History
FATSEQ: Defines the loading sequence for the fatigue analysis. This card can refer to
another FATSEQ card or a FATEVNT card.
FATEVNT: Defines loading events for the fatigue analysis.
FATLOAD: Defines fatigue loading parameters.
TABLEFAT: Defines the y values for each point on the time loading history (Figure 5).

Exercise
In this tutorial, a control arm loaded by brake force and vertical force is used, as shown in
Figure 6. Two load time histories acquired for 2545 seconds with 1 HZ, shown in Figure 7(a)
and 7(b), are adopted. The material of the control arm is aluminum, whose E-N curve is
shown in Figure 8. Because a crack always initiates from the surface, a skin meshed with
shell elements is designed to cover the solid elements, which can improve the accuracy of
calculation as well.
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Figure 6: Model of the control arm for fatigue analysis
(a)
(b)

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Figure 8: EN curve of Aluminum
Step 1: Load and review the model

The model being used for this exercise is that of a control arm as shown in Figure 6. Loads
and boundary conditions and two static loadcases have already been defined on this model.
1.
Launch HyperMesh.
2.
Change the User Profile to R AD IO SS (B ulkD a ta ).
3.
Im po rt the file ctrlarm.fem located in the installation directory under

Step 2: Define TABFAT cards

The first step in defining the loading sequence is to define the TABFAT cards. This card
represents the loading history.
1.
Click Vie w > Utility > M e nu.
2.
In the Tools section, click on TAB LE created.
3.
Set Options: to Im po rt ta ble .
4.
Set Tables: to TAB FAT.
5.
Click Ne xt.
6.
B ro ws e
7.
In the Open the XY data File dialog box, set the Files of type filter to C SV (*.csv).
8.
O pe n the file load1.csv.
9.
10.
for the loading file.

11.
Browse for a second loading file named load2.csv.
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12.
13.

14.
E xit from the Import TABFAT window.
In the Model Browser, tables appear under Load Collector.

Note:
A file in DAC format can very easily be imported in Altair HyperGraph and converted
to CSV format to be read in HyperMesh.
Step 3: Defining FATLOAD cards

1.
C re a te a new load collector named FATLOAD1.
2.
Set the card image to FATLO AD .
3.
4.
Point TID (table ID) to ta ble 1.
5.
Point LCID (load case ID) to SUB C ASE 1.
6.
Set LDM (load magnitude) to 1 and Scale to 5.0.
7.
8.
Repeat the process to create another load collector named FATLOAD2 with FATLOAD
card image and pointing to table2 and SUBCASE2.
9.
Set LDM to 1 and Scale to 5.0.
10.
Step 4: Defining FATEVNT card

1.
C re a te a load collector named FATEVENT, using a card image of FATE VNT.
2.
3.
Set FATEVNT_NUM_FLOAD to 2.
4.
5.
6.
Step 5: Defining the FATSEQ card

1.
C re a te a load collector named FATSEQ using a card image of FATSE Q .
2.
3.
Point the FID field to FATE VE NT.

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4.
For N(1) number of repeats, set to 1.
5.
With this we have finished defining the sequence of events for the fatigue analysis. Next we
will define the Fatigue parameters.
Step 6: Defining the Fatigue parameters

1.
C re a te a new load collector named fatparam, with card image of FATPAR M .
2.
3.
Set TYPE to EN.
4.
Set STRESS COMBINE to SGVON (Signed von Mises).
5.
Set STRESS CORRECT to SWT.
6.
Set STRESSU to MPA (Stress Units).
7.
Set PLASTI to NEUBER (plasticity correction).
8.
Set RAINFLOW RTYPE to STRESS.
9.
Set CERTNTY [SURVCERT] to 0.5.
10.
Step 7: Defining the Fatigue material properties

The material curve for the fatigue analysis can be defined on the MAT1 card.
1.
C a rd e dit the material using
2.
Toggle to mats and select Alum inum material.
3.
Click e dit.
4.
Check M ATFAT in the panel area and select E N in submenu.
5.
Set STATIC UTS (ultimate tensile stress) to 600.
6.
For the EN curve set (these values should be obtained from the materials E-N curve).
toolbar button.
SF = 1002.000
B = -0.095
C = -0.690
EF = 0.350
NP = 0.110
KP = 966.000
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NC = 2E+08
SEE = 0.100
SEP = 0.100
7.
Step 8: Defining the PFAT card

1.
C re a te a new load collector named pfat.
2.
Set the card image to PFAT and click C re a te / E dit.
3.
Set LAYER to TO P.
4.
Set FINISH to NO NE .
5.
Set TRTMENT to NO NE .
6.
R e turn to the panel area.
Step 9: Defining the FATDEF card

1.
C re a te a new load collector named fatdef.
2.
Set the card image to FATD E F and click C re a te / E dit.
3.
From the panel area, select PSH E LL.
4.
For PID(1), select s he ll.
5.
For PFATID(1), select pfa t.
6.
Step 10: Defining the fatigue load case

1.
Go to the lo a ds te ps panel on the Analysis page.
2.
C re a te a new load case with name = Fatigue.
3.
Set the type: to fa tigue .
4.
For FATDEF, select fa tde f.
5.
For FATPARM, select fa tpa ra m .
6.
For FATSEQ, select FATSE Q .
7.
Step 11: Submitting the RADIOSS analysis and reviewing the results
1.
From the Analysis page, go to the R a dio s s panel.

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2.

3.
Enter the name ctrlarm_hm.fem in File name field.
4.
Click Sa v e .
5.
Submit the analysis by clicking on the R AD IO SS button.
6.
Once the analysis is complete, click on the H y pe rVie w button to launch the results.
7.
Go to the R e s ults tab.
8.
Change the Load Case to Subca s e 3 fa tigue .
9.
Go to the Contour panel in HyperView.
10.
Set R e s ult ty pe to D a m a ge and click on Apply to contour the elements.
Figure 9: Elemental damage results
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Fatigue Process Manager (FPM) using E-N (Strain - Life)

Method
The E-N (Strain - Life) method should be chosen to predict the fatigue life when plastic strain
occurs under the given cyclic loading. S-N (Stress - Life) method is not suitable for low-cycle
fatigue where plastic strain plays a central role for fatigue behavior. If an S-N analysis
indicates a fatigue life less than 10,000 cycles, it is a sign that E-N method might be a better
choice. E-N method, while computationally more expensive than S-N, should give reasonable
estimate for high-cycle fatigue as well.
Since E-N theory deals with uniaxial strain, the strain components need to be resolved into
equivalent nominal strain applied on the E-N curve (Figure 2).

Altair Engineering
Figure 2: Strain-Life curve
In RADIOSS, various strain combination types are available with the default being Absolute
maximum principle strain. In general Absolute maximum principle stain is recommended for
brittle materials, while Signed von Mises strain is recommended for ductile material. The
In this tutorial, you will be able to evaluate fatigue life with the E-N method, which is a new
feature in HW10.0, through Fatigue Process Manager (FPM) step by step. In brief, the
following contents are covered:
Launching Fatigue Process Manager
Importing model
Creating fatigue subcase
Defining fatigue analysis parameters
Defining fatigue elements and E-N properties
Defining load-time history and loading sequence
Submitting the job
Viewing results summary and launch HyperView for post-processing
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Exercise
A control arm loaded by brake force and vertical force is used, as shown in Figure 3. Two
load time histories acquired for 2545 seconds with 1 HZ, shown in Figures 4(a) and 4(b), are
applied. The material of the control arm is aluminum, whose E-N curve is shown in Figure 5.
Because a crack always initiates from the surface, a skin meshed with shell elements is
designed to cover the solid elements, which can improve the accuracy of calculation as well.
Figure 3: Model of control arm for fatigue analysis

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(a)
(b)
Figure 5: E-N C urve of Aluminum
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Step 1: Launch HyperMesh 12.0 and Process Manager

1.
Launch HyperMesh.
2.
Select R AD IO SS (B ulkD a ta ) in the User Profile dialog.
3.
Click O K.
4.
Click To o ls > Fa tigue Pro ce s s > C re a te Ne w.
5.
Input New Session Name and Working Folder and click C re a te . This creates a new
file to save the instance of the currently loaded fatigue process template.
When finished, the Fatigue Analysis tree will appear.
Figure 6: Glance after launch Fatigue Process Manager (FPM)
Step 2: Import model

1.
Make sure the task Im po rt File is selected in the Fatigue Analysis tree.
2.
For the Model file type:, select R AD IO SS (B ulkD a ta ).

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3.
Click the O pe n m o de l file icon
A Select File browser window opens.

4.
Browse for ctrlarm.fem file located in the installation directory under

5.
Click Im po rt.
This loads the control arm model. It includes a whole definition of two static subcases,
elements sets, and material static properties, etc.
6.
Click Apply .
This guides you to the next task Fatigue Subcase of the Fatigue Analysis tree.
Figure 7: Import a Finite Element Model file
Step 3: Create fatigue subcase

1.
Make sure the task Fa tigue Subca s e is selected in the Fatigue Analysis tree.
2.
In the Create new fatigue subcase field, enter fatsub_fpmtut.
3.
Click C re a te .
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4.
For the Select existing fatigue subcase:, select the newly created fatigue subcase
fa ts ub_fpm tut.
fatsub_fpmtut is selected as the active fatigue subcase. Definitions in the following
processes (analysis parameters, fatigue elements and properties, loading sequences,
etc.) will be for this subcase.
5.
Click Apply .
This saves the current definitions and guides you to the next task Analysis Parameters
Figure 8: C reate and select active fatigue subcase to process
Step 4: Fatigue Analysis Parameters Definition

1.
Make sure the task Ana ly s is Pa ra m e te rs is selected in the Fatigue Analysis tree.
2.
Select the following options:

Analysis type
Stress combination method
Mean stress correction
FEA stress unit
Rainflow type
Plasticity correction
E-N
Signed von Mises
SWT
MPA
STRESS
NEUBER

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3.

Gate
Certainty of survival
4.
0.0
0.5
Click Apply .
This saves the current definitions and guides you to the next task Elements and
Materials of the Fatigue Analysis tree. For details, please consult the HyperWorks
12.0 Help.
Figure 9: Fatigue analysis parameters definition.
Step 5: Fatigue Elements and Materials Definition

1.
Make sure the task E le m e nts a nd M a te ria ls is selected in the Fatigue An a ly s is tree.
2.
Click Add.
A Material Data window opens.
3.
For Element entity type, select Pro pe rty - PSH E LL.
4.
For Element entity name, select s he ll.

This is the skin coating the solid control arm.
5.
Make sure Ultimate tensile strength (UTS) is selected to define the material data.
6.
For UTS, enter the value 600.
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7.
For Input method of defining EN curve, select E s tim a te Fro m UTS.
8.
Click the Sho w E N curv e de finitio n icon
An EN method description window introducing how to generate the EN material

parameter opens.
9.
Click C lo s e .
10.
For Material type, select Alum inum a nd Tita nium Allo y s and click E s tim a te .
All the data for EN curve definition are automatically estimated.
11.
Click Plo t E N C urv e button at the bottom of the window to show the EN curve.
12.
C lo s e the EN Curve plot window.
13.
For Layer of stress results in shell elements, select TO P.
14.
For Surface finish, select No Finis h.
15.
For Surface treatment, select No Tre a tm e nt.
16.
Leave the field after Fatigue strength reduction factor blank.
17.
Click Sa v e to save the definition of the EN data for the selected elements.
18.
Click Apply .
This saves the current definitions and guides you to the next task Load-Time History

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Figure 10: Material data definition
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Figure 11: Elements and material definition
Step 6: Load-Time History Definition

1.
Make sure the task Lo a d- Tim e H is to ry is selected in the Fatigue Analysis tree.
2.
Click Add by File .

A Load Time History window opens.
3.
For Load-time history name, enter lth1.
4.
For Load-time history type, select C SV.
5.
Click the O pe n lo a d- tim e file icon

6.
Browse for load1.csv.
7.
8.
Click Sa v e to write the new load-time history into HyperMesh database.
9.
Follow Steps 2 - 8 to create another load-time history lth2 by importing the file load2.
csv.
10.
Click Plo t L- T to show the load-time history.
11.
C lo s e the Load Time History window.

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12.
Click Apply .
This saves the current definitions and guides you to the next task Loading Sequences
Note:
For a file of DAC format, it can very easily be imported in Altair HyperGraph and
converted to CSV format for use by FPM.
Figure 12: Load-time history definition
Figure 13: Import load-time history
Step 7: Loading Sequences Definition

In this step, one event consisting of two load time history is created; in other words, the
linear superposition of the stress caused by the two load time history is requested during
analysis. Using this event, one load sequence is constructed.
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1.
Make sure the task Lo a ding Se que nce s is selected in the Fatigue Analysis tree.
2.
Click Add.
3.
4.
5.
Enter the value 5.0 for Scale.
6.
Make sure Create new is selected using the radio buttons.
7.
Enter Event1 for the newly created fatigue event name.
Figure 14: Associate load-time history with static subcase
8.
Click Sa v e > Add.

9.
10.
11.
For Scale, enter the value 5.0.
12.
Make sure Existing is selected using the radio buttons.
13.
For Existing, select E v e nt1.
14.
Click Sa v e > Apply .

This saves the current definitions and guides you to the next task Submit analysis of
the Fatigue Analysis tree.

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Figure 15: Loading sequences definition
Step 8: Submit fatigue analysis

1.
Make sure the task Subm it Ana ly s is is selected in the Fatigue Analysis tree.
2.
Click the Sa v e .fe m file icon

3.
Set the directory in which to save the file, and for File name, enter ctrlarm_fpmtut.
fem.
4.
Click Sa v e to close the window.
5.
Click Sa v e to save the RADIOSS model file.
6.
For Run Option, select a na ly s is .
7.
Click Subm it.

This launches the RADIOSS 12.0 to run the fatigue analysis.
RADIOSS model file was written.
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ctrlarm_fpmtut.0.3.fat
An ASCII format file which contains fatigue results of each

fatigue subcase in iteration step.
ctrlarm_fpmtut.h3d
Hyper 3D binary results file, with both static analysis results

and fatigue analysis results.
ctrlarm_fpmtut.out

set up, the set up of your fatigue problem, compute time
information, etc. Review this file for warnings and errors.
ctrlarm_fpmtut.stat

Figure 16: Submit fatigue analysis
Step 9: Post Processing

1.
Make sure the task Post Processing is selected in the Fatigue Analysis tree.
When fatigue analysis has completed successfully after the previous submit, it will
automatically go into this task.

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2.
Vie w the Results type: Life.

Check the top 0.1%, 1.0%, 5.0% average life, and Top 1, 2, 3 most damage elements
lives.
3.
Toggle the Result type to view the damage results summary.
4.
Click Lo a d H 3D R e s ults (H V).

This launches HyperView to load the ctrlarm_fpmtut.h3d results file for more detailed
results.
5.
Click C lo s e to unload Fatigue Process Manager.
Figure 17: Life results summary
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Figure 18: Damage contour in HyperView

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RD-2090: NLSTAT Analysis of Gasket Materials in Contact

The purpose of this tutorial is to demonstrate how to carry out nonlinear implicit small
displacement analysis in Radioss Bulk involving gasket materials and contact.
Model and Loading Description

Figure 1 below illustrates the structural model used for this tutorial: A 1mm thick cylindrical
gasket is sandwiched between two co-axial steel cylindrical tubes. The outer cylinder is
subjected to a pressure of 300MPa on the outer surface as shown. Using symmetry boundary
conditions, only a quarter of the geometry has been modeled. The gasket is connected to the
inner and outer cylinders using contact.
Figure 1. Model and Loading Description
Following exercises are included in this tutorial:

Create gasket material
Create gasket property
Assign CGASK elements to gasket component.
Adjust the normals of solid gasket elements
Define contact between gasket and top/bottom cylinders
Define nonlinear implicit parameters
Set up NLSTAT analysis
Submit job and view result
Exercise
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Step 1: Import the model

1.
Launch HyperMesh.
2.
Toggle the RADIOSS radio button in the User Profile dialog.
3.
From the pull-down list to the right of RADIOSS, select B ulk D a ta .
4.
Click O K.
This loads the User Profile.
5.
From the File menu on the toolbar, select O pe n.
6.
Select the file gasket_model.hm located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
<install_directory>/tutorials/hwsolvers/radioss/ and click O pe n.
Step 2: Create the curves for gasket material

First, you will define the loading-unloading curves for the gasket material.
1.
In the Model Browser, click on the Utility tab
2.
Click on the TAB LE C re a te tool.
A Create Table dialog opens.

3.
Toggle the radio button C re a te / E dit Ta ble and select TAB LE S1.
4.
Click Ne xt.
5.
Toggle the radio button C re a te Ne w Ta ble and enter the name load-curve.
6.
Next, populate the X (closure) and Y (pressure) fields of the table, as shown below
and then click Apply .
7.
For details on pressure-closure definitions of gaskets, please refer to the HyperWorks

12.0 online help.
X
0.0
0.0
0.005
200.0
0.05
450.0
0.135
700.0
0.22
820.0
0.287
830.0

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A dialog box will appear stating: T he loa d c olle c t or loa d-c urv e w it h T ABLES1 c a rd
im a ge is c re a t e d .
8.
Click O K to close the dialog box.

Now, unloading curves can be created.
9.
Following steps 2 through 7 to create the unloading curve named unload-curve1 with
the following X-Y data:
X
10.
0.08
0.0
0.12
140.0
0.135
700.0
Next, create the second unloading curve named unload-curve2 with the following X-Y
data:
X
0.17
0.0
0.2
250.0
0.22
820.0
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11.
Finally, create the third unloading curve named unload-curve3 with the following X-Y
data:
X
0.23
0.0
0.265
360.0
0.287
830.0
Step 3: Define the elasto-plastic gasket material

First, we shall define the membrane behavior of the gasket.
1.
Click on the Materials icon
2.
Toggle the cre a te radio button, for mat name =, enter gask_membrane.
3.
For type =, select ISO TR O PIC and M AT1 as the card image, now click cre a te / e dit.
4.
Under E, enter 2.0E+04 and under NU enter 0.2.
5.
Click re turn.
Next, you will define the nonlinear properties for the gasket material.
6.
Toggle the cre a te radio button again and for mat name =, enter gask_nonlin.
7.
For type=, select G ASKE T and for card image =, select M G ASK.
8.
9.
Since this is an elasto-plastic gasket material, for gasket behavior leave [BEHAV] field
as 0.
10.
For initial yield pressure, leave the [YPRS] field blank for the solver to determine it
automatically.
11.
For tensile modulus [EPL], enter 0.001.
12.
Enter 2000 for [GPL] to specify the shear modulus.
13.
For MGASK_TABLU_NUM =, enter 3 to specify the field for # of unloading curves, as

shown below.
14.
For TABLD, select lo a d- curv e , created in Step 2.

For TABLU(1), select unlo a d- curv e 1

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The gasket material creation is now complete, as shown below:
15.
Step 4: Define gasket property

1.
Click on the Property collectors icon
2.
Toggle the cre a te radio button and for prop name =, enter gasket_prop.
3.
Select 3D as the type and PG ASK as the card image.
4.
For material =, select the ga s k_no nlin material you just created in Step 3, now click
cre a te / e dit.
5.
For MID1 field, select the ga s k_m e m bra ne material.
6.
For STABMT field, select 1 to define some stabilization stiffness.
7.
Click re turn.
Next, assign this property to the gasket component.
8.
Click on the Component collectors icon
9.
Click the a s s ign radio button.
10.
For comps , select the G ASKE T component.
11.
For property= , select ga s ke t_pro p property.
12.
Click re turn twice to return to the main menu.
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Step 5: Assign eight-noded gasket elements to gasket component

1.
Click on 3D page from the main menu.
2.
Click the elem types panel and click on the 2D & 3D button.
3.
Click on e le m s , choose by co lle cto r ty pe and select the G ASKE T component.
4.
Toggle hex8 =, and select the C G ASK8 element type.
5.
Click upda te > re turn.
Step 6: Review and adjust the normals of the gasket elements

1.
Click on 2D page from the main menu.
2.
Click on the co m po s ite s panel.
3.
For comps, select the G ASKE T component and click dis pla y no rm a ls .
The normals of the gasket elements are not in the thickness direction, but in the Zdirection, as shown below.
So, we shall adjust the normals to be in thickness direction.

4.
Display only the GASKET component.
5.
Click on by no de s on bottom face and select the G ASKE T component.
6.
For choosing the face nodes, click on nodes and select three nodes on a face of any
gasket element in the thickness direction and click adjust normals.
The normals are now adjusted to be in thickness direction of gasket, as shown below.

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7.
Step 7: Define contact between the cylinders and gasket

First, we shall define the contact surface for the bottom surface of the top cylinder.
1.
Undisplay the GASKET component and display only the SOLID1 component.
2.
In the Analysis page, click on the co nta cts urfs panel.
3.
Click on s o lid fa ce s .
4.
For name=, enter SOLID1_bottom and select a color of your choice.
5.
For card image= , select SUR F.
6.
Toggle elems and select dis pla y e d.
7.
For nodes on face:, select the three nodes on the bottom surface (i.e. surface
contacting the gasket, as shown below) and click cre a te .
8.
While still on the contactsurfs panel, undisplay the SOLID1 component and display only
the SOLID2 component.
9.
Repeat steps 3 though 8 to create the contact surface SOLID2_top for the top surface
of the SOLID2 component contacting the gasket.
10.
Similarly, repeat steps 1 though 8 and create GASKET_top and GASKET_bottom surfaces
for the top and bottom surfaces of the GASKET component, respectively.
11.
Click re turn to return to the main page.

Now, you will create the interface between the top cylinder and gasket.
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12.
Click on the interfaces panel.
13.
Click on cre a te and for name =, enter SOLID1_GASKET.
14.
For type=, enter CONTACT and click cre a te .
15.
Click on the a dd button to select the master and slave surfaces for this interface.
16.
For master:, toggle to cs urfs and select the SO LID 1_bo tto m surface and click upda te
.
17.
For slave:, toggle to cs urfs and select the G ASKE T_to p surface and click upda te .
18.
Click re v ie w to review the interface.
Click on ca rd im a ge and click e dit.

Under TYPE, toggle to select STIC K type of contact.
Click re turn.
Next, you will create the interface between the bottom cylinder and gasket.
19.
Click on cre a te and for name =, enter SOLID2_GASKET.
20.
For type=, enter CONTACT and click cre a te .
21.
Click on the a dd button to select the master and slave surfaces for this interface.
22.
For master:, select the SO LID 2_to p surface and click upda te .
23.
For slave:, select the G ASKE T_bo tto m surface and click upda te .
24.
Click re v ie w to review the interface.

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Step 8: Define nonlinear implicit parameters

1.
In the toolbar, click on the Load collectors icon
2.
Toggle create and for loadcol name = , enter NLPARM.
3.
Toggle card image =, and select NLPAR M .
4.
Click cre a te / e dit and specify NINC as 1.

Keep the remainder of the parameters set at the default values. For details on the
nonlinear implicit parameters, please consult the HyperWorks 12.0 online help.
5.
Step 9: Create the NLSTAT subcase

1.
Click on the Loadsteps panel.
2.
For name = , enter NLSTAT.
3.
Toggle type: to no n- line a r qua s i- s ta tic.
4.
Check the box preceding SPC. Click on the entry field that appears to the right of SPC
and select the SPC load collector.
5.
Check the box preceding LOAD. Click on the entry field that appears to the right of
LOAD and select the pre s s ure load collector.
6.
Check the box preceding NLPARM. Click on the entry field that appears to the right of
NLPARM and select the NLPAR M load collector.
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7.
Click cre a te .
8.
Click re turn.
Step 10: Define Output Control parameters

1.
From the Analysis page, select co ntro l ca rds .
2.
Click on G LO B AL_O UTPUT_R E Q UE ST.
3.
Below CONTF, DISPLACEMENT, STRAIN and STRESS, set the option to Y e s .
4.

1.
From the Analysis page, select R a dio s s .
2.
Click s a v e a s
3.
For File Name, enter gasket_complete.fem and click Sa v e .
and select the directory where you want to write the file.
4.
Set the export options toggle to a ll.
5.
Set the run options toggle to a na ly s is .
6.
Set the memory options toggle to m e m o ry de fa ult.
7.
Click R a dio s s .
in the directory where HyperMesh was invoked. The gasket_complete.out file is a good
place to look for error messages that will help you debug your input deck, if any errors
are present.
gasket_complete.
html

gasket_complete.
out
ASCII based output file of the model check run before the
simulation begins and gives nonlinear iteration history as well as
basic information on the results of the run.
gasket_complete.
stat

each step during the process.
gasket_complete.
h3d
HyperView compressed binary results file.

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Step 12: View analysis results

In H y pe rVie w, plot the displacement and contact pressure contours at the end of the
analysis.
Figure 2. C ontour of Displacements in C ylinders and Gasket subject to Loading
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Figure 3. C ontour of Gasket Thickness direction pressure

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Figure 4. C ontour of C ontact Pressure
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RD-2100: NLSTAT Analysis of Solid Blocks in Contact

The purpose of this tutorial is to demonstrate how to carry out nonlinear implicit small
displacement analysis in RADIOSS Bulk, involving elasto-plastic materials, contact and
continuing the nonlinear solution sequence from a preceding nonlinear loadcase.
Model and Loading Description

Figure 1 illustrates the structural model used for this tutorial: Two square solid blocks made of
elasto-plastic steel material. The dimensions of the blocks and the material parameters can
be obtained in the table below.
In the first nonlinear subcase, pressure loading is be applied to the top solid block, the top
corners of which are constrained in X and Y directions. The top solid is in contact with the
bottom solid, the bottom corners of which are constrained in X, Y and Z directions. The
second nonlinear subcase is to simulate the un-loading and is a continuation of the nonlinear
solution sequence from the previous loading subcase.
Figure 1. Model and Loading Description

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Units
Length: mm; Time: s; Mass: Mgg; (Force: N; Stress: MPa)
Top block
72 mm x 72 mm
Bottom block
100 mm x 100 mm
Thickness of
blocks
20. mm
Material
Steel, Elasto-plastic
Imposed pressure
Initial density ( ):
7.90e-9 kg/mm3
Young's modulus (E):
210000 MPa
Poisson coefficient ():
0.3
Yield Stress ( 0):
850.0 MPa
1000.0 MPa, applied at the center of top block
The following exercises are included in this tutorial:

Create elasto-plastic material
Define contact between the two blocks
Define nonlinear implicit parameters
Set up NLSTAT analysis for the 1st subcase (loading)
Set up NLSTAT analysis for the 2nd subcase (unloading)
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255
Exercise

1.
Launch HyperMesh.
2.
3.
From the pull-down list to the right of RADIOSS, select B ulk D a ta .
4.
Click O K.
5.

6.
Select the file nlstat.hm located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
7.
Click O pe n.
Step 2: Create the elasto-plastic material

First, the stress vs plastic strain curve for the material needs to be defined.
1.
In the Tab area, click on the Utility menu. If not active, click Vie w > Utility .
2.
Click on the TAB LE C re a te tool.
3.
Click on C re a te / E dit Ta ble and select the table type as TAB LE S1.
4.
Click Ne xt.
5.
Click the radio button for Create New Table and enter the Name of the table as
stress-strain.
6.
Next, populate the X and Y fields of the table, as shown below.
7.
Click Apply .

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A dialog box will appear which says 'T he loa d c olle c t or st re ss-st ra in w it h T ABLES1 c a rd
im a ge is c re a t e d .
8.
Click O K to close the dialog box.

Now, the elasto-plastic material needs to be updated.
9.
In the toolbar, click the M a te ria l icon
10.
Toggle the Update subpanel.
11.
Click on m a ts and select the material s te e l.
12.
Click upda te / e dit.
13.
Click on M ATS1 to define the elastic-plastic material for NLSTAT analysis.
14.
Click TID and select s tre s s - s tra in.
15.
Input the values, as shown below. [TYPSTRN] of 1 signifies that we are specifying
stress (Y) vs plastic strain (X).
See material parameters for details.

16.
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Step 3: Define contact between the two blocks

The contact surfaces for the two blocks need to be defined.
1.
In the Analysis page, click on e ntity s e ts panel.
2.
For name=, enter top.
3.
Set card image to SE T_E LE M .
4.
Toggle entity and select pro ps .
5.
Click on pro ps and select the to p s o lid So lid1.
6.
Click cre a te .
7.
Next, for name=, enter bottom.
8.
Repeat steps 3 through 6, for bottom block select the bo tto m s o lid So lid2.
9.

Next, the interface needs to be defined.
10.
Click on interfaces panel with the toggle set to cre a te .
11.
For name =, enter solid_contact.
12.
For type =, select C O NTAC T, then click cre a te .
13.
Next, click the radio button for a dd to add the master and slave surfaces to the
interface definition, as shown below.
14.
Toggle master: to s e ts and select bo tto m .
15.
Click upda te .
16.
Toggle slave: to s e ts and select to p.
17.
Click upda te .
18.
Click re v ie w to review the interface, as shown in Figure 2.

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Figure 2. Slave and master surface definition
19.
Click on ca rd im a ge and then click e dit to specify the contact definition, as shown
below.
20.
Click re turn twice to return to the main menu.
Step 4: Define nonlinear implicit parameters

1.
In the toolbar, click on Lo a d C o lle cto rs icon
2.
Toggle cre a te and for loadcol name =, enter nlparm.
3.
Toggle card image =, and select NLPAR M .
4.
Click cre a te / e dit and specify the defaults, as shown below.
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259
See nonlinear implicit parameters for details.

5.
Step 5: Create the 1st nonlinear (loading) subcase

1.
Click on the lo a ds te ps panel.
2.
For name =, enter loading.
3.
Toggle type: to no n- line a r qua s i- s ta tic.
4.

5.
Click on the e ntry field and select the SPC load collector.
6.

7.
Click on the e ntry field and select the pre s s ure load collector.
8.
Check the box preceding NLPARM.

An entry field appears to the right of NLPARM.
9.
Click on the e ntry field and select the nlpa rm load collector.
10.
Click cre a te .
Step 6: Create the 2nd nonlinear (unloading) subcase

1.
For name =, enter unload.
2.
Un-check the box preceding LOAD.
3.
Keep the boxes preceding SPC and NLPARM checked, as shown below.

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4.
Click cre a te .
5.
Click e dit and select C NTNLSUB to continue the solution sequence from the previous
loading subcase.
6.

1.
2.
3.
Under CONTF, DISPLACEMENT, STRAIN and STRESS, set Option to Y e s .
4.
Under STRAIN, set TYPE(1) to PLASTIC .
5.

1.
2.
Click s a v e a s
3.
For File Name, enter nlstat_complete.fem.
4.
Click Sa v e .
5.
6.
7.
8.
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261
9.
Click R a dio s s .
in the directory where HyperMesh was invoked. The nlstat_complete.out file is where
you will find error messages that will help you debug your input deck, if any errors are
present.
10.

nlstat_complete.html

problem formulation and the analysis results.
nlstat_complete.out
simulation begins and gives nonlinear iteration history as
well as basic information on the results of the run.
nlstat_complete.stat

nlstat_complete.h3d

1.
Using HyperView, plot the Displacement, the von Mises stress, plastic strains and
contact pressure contours at the end of the 1st (loading) step.

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Figure 3. C ontour of Displacements in blocks subject to Loading
Figure 4. C ontour of von Mises Stress in blocks subject to Loading
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Figure 5. C ontour of Plastic Strains in the blocks subject to Loading
Figure 6. C ontour of C ontact Pressure in the block interface after the 1st (loading) subcase

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Next, change the subcase to the 2nd that is unloading subcase and plot the displacement
contour to see the change in displacements in the blocks subject to unloading.
Figure 7. C ontour of Displacements in blocks subject to Unloading in 2nd subcase
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RD-2110: Complex Eigenvalue Analysis of a Reduced

Brake System
In this tutorial, a modal complex eigenvalue analysis is performed on a simplified brake system
to determine whether the friction effects can cause any squeal noise (unstable modes).
The simplified brake system consists of a brake pad with frictional surface and back plate, and
a contact plate. They were all modeled with solid elements. Spring elements (CELAS1) were
created between the brake pad and the contact plate to measure the normal contact forces,
as shown in Figure 1. The friction forces on the pad and the contact plate are proportional to
the normal contact forces. The stiffness matrix terms representing the relationship between
friction forces and normal displacements on the contact grids were saved in a DMIG bulk data
file DMIG.pch. Assume the brake pad is in full contact with the plate at all time. The back
plate of the brake pad and the contact plate were constrained to the ground.
Figure 1. Model review


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Exercise
and retrieve the structural model
1.
Please download both brake.fem and DMIG.pch files, located in the HyperWorks
installation directory under <install_directory>/tutorials/hwsolvers/radioss/, to
your working directory.
2.
Launch HyperMesh.
3.
4.
5.
Click O K.
models in Bulk Data Format for RADIOSS and OptiStruct. User Profiles can also be
accessed from the Preferences menu on the toolbar.
6.
An Import tab appears. The File type: is RADIOSS (Bulk Data).

7.
in the File: field.
A Select RADIOSS (Bulk Data) file browser window appears.

8.
Select brake.fem from your working directory and click O pe n.

The model file brake.fem is loaded in the File field.
9.
Click Im po rt to import the file into the current HyperMesh session.
Step 2: Create EIGRL and EIGC cards

In this step, a modal method is used to solve the complex eigenvalue problem, which is more
computationally efficient compared to extracting the complex modes directly. With this
approach, first, the real modes are calculated via a normal modes analysis. Then, a complex
eigenvalue problem is formed on the projected subspace spanned by the real modes and thus
much smaller than the real space. In this case, both EIGRL and EIGC cards need to be
defined.
1.
2.
In create subpanel, enter eigrl as the name of load collector.
3.
Click the button ca rd im a ge = , and select E IG R L.
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267
4.
Click cre a te / e dit and edit the card of EIGRL.
5.
Click [ND ] and input 20 and click re turn to go back to create subpanel.
20 real modes are required to produce the reduced space for complex eigenvalue
analysis.
6.
In create subpanel, enter eigc as the name of load collector.
7.
Click the button ca rd im a ge = , and select E IG C .
8.
Click cre a te / e dit and edit the card of EIGC.
9.
Click NO R M and select M AX .

MAX option will be used to normalize the eigenvectors.
10.
Click [ND 0] and input 12 and click re turn twice to go back to main menu.
The desired number of roots to be extracted is 12.
Step 3: Retrieve the friction data from DMIG data and define analysis
parameters
1.
Go to the Analysis page, then click co ntro l ca rds .
2.
Click INC LUD E _B ULK.
3.
Input the name of the include file, DMIG.pch.
4.
Click re turn to go back to control cards.
5.
Click K2PP.
6.
In K2PP panel, set number_of_k2pps = 1.
7.
In the field of K2PP=, enter KF.

KF is the name of the DMIG data entry.
8.
Click re turn and back to control cards.

Retrieve the friction coefficients from the DMIG.pch file.
9.
Click PAR AM .
10.
Check the small box in front of parameter G.
11.
Click [G _V1] and input 0.2 as the structural damping coefficient.
12.
Return to PARAM panel.
13.
Check the small box in front of parameter FRIC.
14.
Click [VALUE ] and input 0.05.

Friction factor 0.05 is used to scale the friction coefficient from DMIG data entry.
15.
Click re turn twice and go back to the Analysis page.

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Step 4: Define a loadstep for modal complex eigenvalue analysis

1.
From the Analysis page, enter the lo a ds te ps panel.
2.
Click the ty pe : switch and select co m ple x e ige n (m o da l).
3.
Click na m e = and enter complex_eigen.
4.

5.
Click on the = sign and select SPC from the list of load collectors.
6.
Check the box preceding CMETHOD.
7.
Click on the = sign and select e igc from the list of load collectors.
8.
9.
Click on the = sign and select e igrl from the list of load collectors.
10.
Click cre a te and return to Analysis page.

1.
2.

3.
Select the directory where you would like to write the file and enter the name for
brake_complex.fem in the File name: field.
4.
Click Sa v e .
5.
6.
7.
8.
Click R a dio s s .
the RADIOSS model file was written. The brake_complex.out file is a good place to
look for error messages that will help to debug the input deck if any errors are present.
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Step 6: View the results

Complex eigenvalue analysis computes the complex modes of the structure. The eigenvalues
of the complex modes can be found in brake_complex.out file. The complex eigenvectors
can be reviewed in HyperView.
1.
Load brake_complex.out file in a text editor. The complex modes contain the imaginary
part, which represents the cyclic frequency, and the real part which represents the
damping of the mode. If the real part is negative, then the mode is said to be stable. If
the real part is positive, then the mode is unstable. The eigenvalues of the complex
modes are shown below:
As you can see, the 5th mode was divergent while all of the other modes were stable.
The friction coefficient parameter can be reduced by setting the PARAM,FRIC factor from
a value of 0.05 to 0.01, and all roots become stable. It illustrates that there is a stability
threshold between the friction factor 0.05 and 0.01. It can be determined by resetting
the scale factor of PARAM, FRIC and rerunning the model till the damping value of this
mode approaches zero.
2.
Please load the brake_complex.h3d file into HyperView to review complex eigenvectors.

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RD-2120: Response Spectrum Analysis of a Structure

This tutorial demonstrates how to perform a Response Spectrum Analysis on a structure. This
kind of analysis is used to provide an estimate of peak structural response to a structure
subject to dynamic excitation. The analysis uses response spectra for prescribed dynamic
loading and results of normal modes analysis to calculate this estimate.
In the model used shown below in Figure 1, a building structure is modeled using CBEAM
elements having solid circular x-section (that is type ROD). The base of the building
structure will be constrained for all degrees of freedom and the structure will be excited in the
global Z direction.
Figure 1. Building structure hm model
The following process will be followed:

Setup the problem in HyperMesh
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Exercise
Step 1: Launch HyperMesh Desktop, set the RADIOSS (Bulk Data) User
Profile and retrieve the structural model
1.
Launch HyperMesh.
2.
3.
Select B ulk D a ta from the pull-down list to the right of RADIOSS.
4.
Click O K.
generating models in Bulk Data Format for RADIOSS and OptiStruct. User Profiles can
also be accessed from the Preferences menu on the toolbar.
5.
Click O pe n > M o de l

6.
Select building_ResponseSpectrumAnalysis.hm located in the HyperWorks Installation

Directory under <install_directory>/tutorials/hwsolvers/radioss/.
7.
Click O pe n to load the model into HyperMesh Desktop.
The model is built using CBEAM elements and the PBEAML properties and MAT1 material are
already assigned. The units used for entering beam and material properties are force Newtons, length - mm and mass - tonnes.
Step 2: Create EIGRL card

Define the EIGRL card to calculate the normal modes of the model.
1.
Click Lo a d C o lle cto rs icon
2.
In create subpanel, enter eigrl_card as the name of load collector.
3.
Click the ca rd im a ge = button, and select E IG R L.
4.
Click cre a te / e dit to create and edit the EIGRL card.
5.
Click [ND ] and enter 10.
6.
Click re turn to go back to the create subpanel.
7.
Click re turn again to exit the Load Collectors panel.

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Step 3: Create the constraints

1.
2.
In create subpanel, enter constraints as the name of load collector, select no ca rd

im a ge and click cre a te .
3.
Go to the Analysis page.
4.
Click co ns tra ints .
5.
In the cre a te subpanel, confirm the entity is set to no de s
, click on no de s and select the 4 nodes at the

bottom of the model, as shown in the figure below.
Figure 2. Selecting nodes for defining constraints
6.
Check all dofs (that is do f1 to do f6) with the value 0.000, confirm load types is set to
SPC, click cre a te .
The constraints are created as shown in the figure below.
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Figure 3. C onstraints defined for the model
7.
Click re turn to exit the constraints panel.
Step 4: Define the input response spectrum using the TABLED1 card
1.
Go to the Utility tab. If the Utility menu is not displayed, go to Vie w > Utility .
2.
At the bottom of the Utility menu, click on the FE A panel.
3.
Under Tools:, click on TAB LE C re a te .
4.
Select Im po rt Ta ble under Options: and TAB LE D 1 under Tables:.
5.
Click Ne xt.
6.
Under Options:, select C re a te Ne w Ta ble .
7.
For Name:, enter tabled1_card.
8.
Click on B ro ws e .
9.
For Files of type: change to CSV (*.csv), select the file sourceFileTABELD1.csv
(which contains the x and y values to define the input response spectrum, with
frequency plotted on the x-axis and acceleration on the y-axis) located in the folder
10.
Click O pe n. If the Im po rt TAB LE D 1 GUI is minimized, click on it on the taskbar.
11.
In the Import TABLED1 GUI, click Apply .

A message is displayed indicating the creation of the TABLED1 card.
12.
Click O K for this message.

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13.
Click E xit on the Import TABLED1 GUI (if you do not see the GUI, check the taskbar
and click on the Im po rt TAB LE D 1 GUI).
14.
If you want to see the plot corresponding to the TABLED1 card that you created above,
open the TAB LE C re a te on the Utility menu on the FEA panel. This time select the
option C re a te / E dit Ta ble , for Tables: select TAB LE D 1, click Ne xt. Under Options:,
select E dit E xis ting Ta ble , corresponding to Select: select tabled1_card and click Plo t
. After reviewing the plot, click on C lo s e in the Plot window and E xit on the Create/
Edit TABLED1 GUI.
Figure 4. Plot of the TABLED1 card
Step 5: Define the DTI, SPECSEL card

This card is used to specify the type of spectrum and damping values associated with the
input response spectrum defined using TABLED1 card in the previous step.
1.
Click on the M o de l tab to bring up the Model Browser.
2.
Right-click on any open space in the browser and select C re a te > Lo a d C o lle cto r.
This will bring up the Create Load Collector dialog box.
3.
Enter dti_card as the name of load collector, select D TI as the card image =.
4.
Click the check box next to Card edit loadcollector upon creation.
5.
Click C re a te to open the card editor.
6.
Under TYPE, select A since the input response spectrum is a plot of acceleration v/s
frequency.
7.
Double-click on TID (1) and select ta ble d1_ca rd.
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8.
For DAMP(1), enter the value 0.02.

The damping value is in the units of fraction of critical damping.
9.
Step 6: Define the RSPEC card

This card is used to provide the specifications of the Response Spectrum Analysis.
1.
2.
In the cre a te subpanel, enter rspec_card as the name of load collector.
3.
Select ca rd im a ge = , click on ca rd im a ge = , select R SPE C and click on cre a te / e dit.
4.
For directional combination method, DCOMB, select ALG .
5.
For modal combination method, MCOMB, select SR SS.
6.
Click on [C LO SE ] and enter a value of 1.000 in the input box.
7.
For RSPEC_NUM_DTISPEC, enter 1.
8.
Double-click on D TISPE C (1) and select the dti_ca rd.
9.
For SCALE(1), enter the value 9800.0.
10.
Since the direction of excitation for the structure is the Global Z direction, enter 0.0 for
X(0,0), 0.0 for X(0,1) and 1.0 for X(0,2) respectively.
11.
Step 7: Define the modal damping for the structure

1.
2.
In the cre a te subpanel, enter tabdmp1_card as the name of load collector.
3.
Select ca rd im a ge = , click on ca rd im a ge = , select TAB D M P1 and click on cre a te /

e dit.
4.
For TYPE, select C R IT.
5.
For TABDMP1_NUM, enter 2.
6.
Enter the values 0.0, 0.02, 50.0 and 0.02 for f(1), g(1), f(2) and g(2) respectively.
7.

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Step 8: Define the PARAM cards

1.
On the Analysis page, click co ntro l ca rds panel > ne xt twice > PAR AM panel.
2.
Scroll down the list of available params, check the box next to COUPMASS, and for the
value, select Y E S, so the coupled mass matrix approach is used for eigenvalue analysis.
3.
Scroll down the list of available params, check the box next to EFFMASS, and for the
value, select Y E S, so the modal participation factors and effective mass are computed
and output to the .out file.
4.
Step 9: Define the outputs required

Displacements are output by default.
1.
To output stress, go to the Analysis page, co ntro l ca rds panel.
2.
Click ne xt to the page which has the G LO B AL_O UTPUT_R E Q UE ST panel.
3.
Click on G LO B AL_O UTPUT_R E Q UE ST, scroll down the list to STR E SS and check it.
4.
For OPTION(1), select ALL.
5.
Click re turn twice to exit the control cards panel.
Step 10: Define the Response Spectrum Analysis loadstep

1.
On the Ana ly s is page, go to the lo a ds te ps panel.
2.
For name =, enter response_spec.
3.
For type, select re s po ns e s pe ctrum .
4.
Check the box next to SPC, click on
5.
Check the box next to RSPEC, click on

rs pe c_ca rd.
6.
Check the box next to METHODS(STRUCT), click on

loadcollector e igrl_ca rd.
7.
Check the box next to SDAMPING(STRUCT), click on

loadcollector ta bdm p1_ca rd.
8.
Click cre a te and the loadstep is created.
9.
Click re turn to exit the loadsteps panel.
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and select the loadcollector co ns tra ints .

and select the loadcollector
and select the
and select the

277

1.
2.

A Sa v e file browser window opens.
3.
Select the directory where you would like to write the file and enter the name for the file
in the File name: field.
Note: Please save the file in a folder different from the folders under HyperWorks
installation folder.
4.
Click Sa v e .
Note: The name and location of the file displays in the input file: field.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Click R a dio s s .
9.
the RADIOSS model file was written. The .out file is a good place to look for error
messages that will help to debug the input deck if any errors are present and this can be
done by clicking on the v ie w .o ut button in the Radioss panel.
Step 12: View the Results

1.
If the analysis completes successfully, click on H y pe rVie w button in the Radioss panel.
This launches HyperView and loads in the model and result file for the analysis.
2.
In the HyperView Results browser, expand the R e s ults folder, then expand the Ve cto r
folder and contour displacement results by selecting M a g under Displacement.

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Figure 5. Displacement contour.
3.
To contour stresses expand the Sca la r folder under Results, expand E le m e nt Stre s s e s
(1D ) and contour the stress you want to see.
Shown below is the contour of CBAR/CBEAM Long. Stress SAMAX.
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Figure 6. Stress contour.

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RD-2130: Computation of Equivalent Radiant Power

Computation of the equivalent radiated power (ERP) is a simplified method to gain information
about maximum dynamic radiation of panels for excitations in frequency response analysis.
This tutorial demonstrates how to set up the computation request of ERP on an existing
frequency response analysis. The model is a front cover of catalytic converter in a car
exhaust system, as shown in Figure 1. The frequency analysis setup is already made for this
model where the cover is constrained at two ends, and the excitation loading is applied at the
center of the cover. The loading frequency is defined by FREQ1 card; from 120.0 to 400.0 Hz
with an interval of 1.0. We need to define ERP panels (ERPPNL) and ERP output request.

Define ERPPNL and request ERP output
Submit the RADIOSS job
Exercise
model
1.
Launch HyperMesh.
2.
Select R AD IO SS, in the User Profile dialog.
3.
Select B ulk D a ta from the extended list.
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4.
Click O K.
This loads the user profile. It includes the appropriate template, macro menu, and import
models in Bulk Data Format for RADIOSS.
5.
Click the Im po rt panel toolbar button
An Import window pops up.

The Import type: is FE M o de l and the File type: is R AD IO SS (B ulk D a ta ).
6.
Click the O pe n file icon
in the File: field.
A Select RADIOSS (Bulk Data) file browser window pops up.

7.
Select the cover.fem file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
8.
Click O pe n.
The location of cover.fem now displays in the File: field.
9.
Click Apply .
The cover.fem database is loaded into the current HyperMesh session.
Step 2: Create ERPPNL

ERPPNL will be defined as a set of elements. An element set ERP_elem has been predefined
in the model. It can be reviewed in HyperMesh.
1.
Go to e ntity s e ts panel on Analysis page.
2.
Click re v ie w button and select E R P_e le m .

The elements should be highlighted on the screen.
3.
In the name = field, type ERPPNL.
4.
Click ca rd im a ge and select E R PPNL, as shown below.
Figure 2: ERPPNL definition
5.
Click s e ts and select E R P_e le m . Click s e le ct.

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6.
Click cre a te .
The ERP panel should be created.
7.
Go back to the Analysis page.
Step 3: Request ERP output

We will request the ERP output in control cards panel.
1.
From the Analysis page, go to the co ntro l ca rds panel.
2.
Go to the G LO B AL_O UTPUT_R E Q UE ST panel.
3.
Check the box in front of ERP and enter 2 in the ERP_NUM field.
4.
Set FORMATs, GRIDs, and OPTIONs for the E R P o utput, as shown below.
Figure 3: ERP output
The grid contribution of each grid in addition to the ERP results for the panel will be
output to an .h3d file. ERP panel results will be output to punch format.
5.
Return to the Analysis page.

1.
From the Analysis page, enter the R AD IO SS panel.
2.
Click Sa v e a s
following the input file: field.
A Save file browser window pops up.

3.
Select the directory where you would like to write the file and enter cover_ERP.fem in
the File name: field.
4.
Click Sa v e .
5.
6.
7.
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8.
Click R a dio s s .
When the job completed successfully, new results files can be seen in the directory
where the RADIOSS model file was written.
Step 5: Post Process the ERP results in HyperView

Once you receive the message Proc e ss c om ple t e d suc c e ssfully in the command window, click
H y pe rVie w. HyperView will be launched and a message window appears to inform of the
successful model and result files loaded into HyperView.
1.
Select Subca s e 1 (frf) as the current load c a se in the Results Browser. Select the
last load step where frequency is 50.0Hz.
2.
Click the Contour toolbar button
3.
Select Equivalent Radiated Power (ERP_elem ) as Result type and then select Panel .
4.
Click Apply .
ERP results on panel should be plotted.

5.
Select E quiv a le nt R a dia te d Po we r (E R P_e le m ) as Result type and then select G rid
C o ntributio ns .
6.
Click Apply .
The contour of grid contributions to ERP should be loaded.
Figure 4: ERP results in HyperView
Step 6: Post Process the ERP results in HyperGraph

1.
Launch HyperGraph.
2.
Click the B uild Plo ts button.

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3.
Load cover_ERP.pch file in Data file.
4.
X Type is Fre que ncy [H z ].
5.
Y Type should be Subca s e 1 E R P. Select Frf E R P_e le m in Y Request and E R P in Y

Component field.
6.
Click Apply .
The plot of ERP panel results vs loading frequency should be loaded, as shown below.
The ERP (dB) results are available, as well.
Figure 5: ERP results in HyperGraph
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RD-2140: Heat Transfer Analysis on Piston Rings wth

GAP Elements
Piston rings fit on the outer surface of a piston in an engine. They support heat transfer from
the piston to the cylinder wall. In this tutorial, we will run a heat transfer analysis on a set of
piston rings, as shown in Figure 1. The inner ring takes the heat flux (10.0W/m2) from the
piston. The outer surface of the ring that contacts the cylinder wall has zero degree
temperatures. FREEZE gap elements are used to model the contact between the two rings.
Thermal conduction property PGAPHT will be defined for gap elements to simulate the heat
transfer between the rings. The thermal boundary condition, heat flux loading, and a linear
steady state heat conduction subcase have already been defined in the model. We will focus
on how to define PGAPHT for gap elements in this exercise.
The following sections are included:

Define PGAP and PGAPHT for gap elements and create CGAPG elements between rings
Solve the heat conduction analysis with RADIOSS Bulk solver

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Exercise
model
1.
Launch HyperMesh.
2.
Select R AD IO SS, in the User Profile dialog.
3.
Select B ulk D a ta from the extended list.
4.
Click O K.
This loads the user profile. It includes the appropriate template, macro menu, and import
models in Bulk Data Format for RADIOSS.
5.
Click the Im po rt panel toolbar icon
An Import window pops up.

The Import type: is FE M o de l and the File type: is R AD IO SS (B ulk D a ta ).
6.
Click the O pe n file icon
in the File: field.
A Select RADIOSS (Bulk Data) file browser window pops up.

7.
Select the R ings .fe m file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
8.
Click O pe n.
The location of Rings.fem now displays in the File: field.
9.
Click Apply .
The Rings.fem database is loaded into the current HyperMesh session.
Step 2: Create PGAP and PGAPHT property

Create PGAP and PGAPHT property before creating gap elements.
1.
Click the Pro pe rtie s toolbar icon
2.
Go to the cre a te subpanel.
3.
Enter PGAP in the prop name = field .
4.
Click ty pe = and select Springs _G a ps .
5.
Click ca rd im a ge = and select PG AP.
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6.
Click cre a te / e dit and go to the property card image editor panel.
7.
In the PGAP card, set U0= to 0.0 and select FR E E Z E for MU1 entity.
A property for initially closed FREEZE gap is defined.
8.
Check the box in front of PGAPHT under User Comments. Check the box in front of
KAHT_opts and select AUTO under Options.
KAHT=AUTO determines the value of KAHT for each gap element using the conduction of
surrounding elements.
The PGAP and PGAPHT definition should be the same, as shown below.
Figure 2: PGAP and PGAPHT definition
9.
Click re turn twice to go back to the Analysis page.

The heat transfer conduction property of gap elements has been created.
Step 3: Create CGAPG elements between the rings

Here we will define CGAPG elements with predefined node and element sets, GAPgrids and
GAPelems. GAPgrids contains the nodes on the outer surface of the inner ring. GAPelems
contains the solid elements on the inner surface of the outer ring. The sets can be reviewed
in entity sets on the Analysis page.
1.
Click the C o m po ne nts toolbar icon
2.
Go to the cre a te subpanel.
3.
Enter PGAP in the comp name = field.
4.
Toggle < no pro pe rty > to pro pe rty = .
5.
Click pro pe rty = and select PG AP from the pop-up menu.
6.
Click cre a te .
7.
PGAP should be set to current component automatically.

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8.
Select the 1D page. Click ga ps and go to cre a te subpanel.
9.
Check the option no de s - e le m s .
10.
Click the highlighted no de s and click by s e ts . Check the box in front of GAPgrids and
click Se le ct.
11.
Click the highlighted e le m s and click by s e ts . Check the box in front of GAPelems and
click Se le ct.
Face nodes need to be picked for the solid elements in GAPelems.
12.
Go to M o de l B ro ws e r and hide Ring2 under Components.

The component Ring1 should be displayed on the screen and the inner layer solid
elements should be highlighted.
13.
Click fa ce no de s and select the no de s on the inner surface of the highlighted solid
elements, as shown below.
Figure 3: Face nodes
14.
Click Pro pe rty = and select PG AP.

If the CGAPG elements are created in predefined GAP component, there is no need to
specify the property here since GAP is already linked to PGAP property.
15.
Click C re a te .
The CGAPG elements with heat transfer conduction property are created.
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Figure 4: Overview of C GAPG elements
As described at the beginning of the tutorial, the heat transfer boundary condition SPC_heat
and heat flux input flux are predefined in the model. A RADIOSS steady state heat
conduction loadstep, referring to SPC_heat and flux, has been defined as well. The heat
transfer results are requested in loadsteps panel. Please refer to tutorial RD-1080 for the
details on how to define heat transfer boundary condition, heat flux, and the output request.
Please note that without PGAPHT, the heat cannot be transferred through the gap elements.
In this case, the outer ring remains zero degree and the inner ring takes all heat, as shown in
the temperature results in Figure 5. Please run the completed model and compare the results
with PGAPHT to the results below.
Figure 5: Temperature results without PGAPHT

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1.
Select the R AD IO SS panel on the Analysis page.
2.
Click s a v e a s
A Save file browser window pops up.

3.
name for the model, Rings_complete.fem, in the File name: field.
decks.
4.
Click Sa v e .
Note the name and location of the Rings_complete.fem file displays in the input file:
field.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Click R a dio s s .
directory from which Rings_complete.fem was selected. The Rings_complete.out file
is a good place to look for error messages that could help debug the input deck if any
errors are present.
Step 5: Post-process the results of heat transfer analysis

Temperature and flux contour results for the steady state heat conduction analysis are
computed by RADIOSS. HyperView will be used to post-process the results.
1.
2.
3.
Click the C o nto ur toolbar icon
4.
Select Subca s e 1 - he a t tra ns fe r as the current load case in the Load Case and
Simulation Selection window.
5.
6.
Click Apply .
A temperature contour plot should be available.
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291
7.
Select the first pull-down menu below Result type: and select E le m e nt Fluxe s (V).
8.
Click Apply .
Both temperature and flux results are shown below.

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Large Displacement Finite Element Analysis
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Block Format

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HyperCrash
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RD-3000: Tensile Test Setup using HyperCrash

An existing finite element mesh will be used in this tutorial to demonstrate how HyperCrash
may be used to set-up a model to simulate a tensile test on an aluminum specimen.
The new HyperCrash user interface style is used in this tutorial.
The model is then ready to run in RADIOSS.
The figure illustrates the structural model used for this tutorial.
Model.

Retrieving the mesh file
Setting up the problem in HyperCrash
RADIOSS Computation
Results Analysis in HyperView and HyperGraph
Only a quarter of the specimen needs to be meshed.

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Material and Property Data

Aluminum
= 6063 T7
Initial Density
= 2.7e-6kg/mm3
Youngs Modulus
= 60.4kN/mm2
Poissons Ratio
= 0.33
Yield Stress (a)
= 0.09026kN/mm2
Hardening Parameter (b)
= 0.22313
Hardening Exponent (n)
= 0.374618
Failure Plastic Strain
= 0.75
Maximum Stress
= 0.175kN/mm2
Shell Thickness
= 1.7 mm
Velocity
= 1 mm/ms
Unit System
= kN mm ms kg
All other values that are not listed above are default values.
Exercise
Step 1: Import the mesh

1.
Open HyperCrash and set the User profile: to R AD IO SS_V11 and the Unit system: to
kN_m m _m s _kg.
2.
Click File > Im po rt > Na s tra n fo r C ra s h....
3.
In the browser window, select <install_directory>/tutorials/hwsolvers/radioss/

tensile.nas.
4.
Click O K.
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297
Setting Up the Problem in HyperCrash

Step 2: Create and assign a material
1.
Click M o de l > M a te ria l.
2.
Right-click in the material list and select C re a te Ne w > R AD IO SS > E la s to - pla s tic >
Jo hns o n- C o o k (2).
3.
For Title, enter Aluminum.

Enter all the material data listed above.
4.
Select the Include picke d pa rts icon
5.
Select the part in the graphics area.
6.
Click Y e s in the lower right corner.
7.
Click Sa v e > C lo s e .
Step 3: Create and assign a property

1.
Click M o de l > Pro pe rty .
2.
Right-click in the material list and select Cre a t e Ne w > R AD IO SS > Surfa ce > She ll (1).
3.
For Title, enter Pshell.
4.
For Shell thickness, enter 1.7.
5.
Select the Include picke d pa rts icon
6.
Select the part in the graphics area.
7.
8.
Step 4: Define boundary conditions representing symmetry

1.
Click Lo a dC a s e > B o unda ry C o nditio n > C re a te .
2.
For Name, enter BC1 and click O k.
3.
Use the Add/ R e m o v e no de s by picking s e le ctio n button

the Graphic Window, as shown in the figure below:
4.
Then click Y e s in the Dialog menu bar to validate your selection.

to select the nodes in
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5.
To constrain the nodes, toggle the buttons in Tx, Tz, Rx, Ry and Rz and finally click
Sa v e .
6.
Repeat the same operations to create BC2, as shown in the figure below:
7.
Toggle the buttons Tx, Ty, Tz, Rx, Ry and Rz, and then click on Sa v e .
8.
Repeat the same operations to create BC3, as shown in the figure below:
9.
Toggle the buttons Ty, Tz, Rx, Ry and Rz.
10.
Step 5: Define the imposed velocity

1.
Click Lo a dC a s e > Im po s e d Ve lo city > C re a te .
2.
For Title, enter VELOCITY, then click O k.

Now a Function Window opens.
3.
For Function name, enter FUNC_VEL.
4.
Enter the first point (0,1) and click Va lida te .
5.
Enter the second point (1e30,1) and click Va lida te .
6.
Click Sa v e in the dialog.
7.
Using the Box Selection button, select the nodes in the graphic window, as shown in
the figure below:
8.
Go to the Properties tab and enter an Y-scale factor = -1.
9.
Toggle Tx for the direction of the imposed velocity.
10.
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299
Step 6: Select a node for time history output

1.
Click D a ta H is to ry > No de > C re a te .
2.
Enter the name Node_79 and click O k.
3.
For Node Id, enter 79 and click O k.

Alternatively, you may use the Pick button to select the node in the graphic window.
4.
Step 7: Define a section for time history output

1.
Click D a ta H is to ry > Se ctio n > C re a te .
2.
Enter SECTION, then click O k.
3.
Click the Include picke d pa rts icon

and select the tensile part in the graphic
window, and then click Y e s on the D ia lo g menu bar to validate the selection.
4.
Under Section plane normal, toggle in X .
5.
For Position, enter 95.
6.
Click the Se e button
7.
to see the section in the graphic window.
Step 8: Create Control Cards, Export the Starter and Engine files
1.
In the menu bar, select M o de l > C o ntro l C a rd.

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2.
Enter the values for the Control Cards, as shown below:
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301
3.
Click File > E xpo rt > R AD IO SS to export the solver file.

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4.
In the Write Block Format 110 RADIOSS File window that opens, enter TENSILE and
click O K.
5.
Leave the Header window empty and click on Sa v e M o de l.

The files TENSILE_0000.rad and TENSILE_0001.rad are written.
The model is now ready to run thru the Starter and the Engine. It will produce the result
files TENSILEA* for animation in HyperView and TENSILET01 for time history plotting in
HyperGraph.
RADIOSS Computing
Step 9: Run RADIOSS Starter and RADIOSS Engine

1.
Launch R AD IO SS from the Start menu.

A HyperWorks Solver Run Manager window appears.
2.
In the Input file(s) field, select <install_directory>/tutorials/hwsolvers/

radioss/TENSILE_0000.rad.
3.
In the Options field, enter both (refer to the Run Options for RADIOSS).
4.
Click R un.
A Message Log window is opened. The RADIOSS Starter is running and after the
RADIOSS Engine is running too.
Results Analysis in HyperView and HyperGraph
Step 10: Import the results of the model

1.
Open HyperView.
By default the opened bottom frame is the Load model and results frame.
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2.
In the Load model selection
3.

TENSILEA001.
4.
Click O pe n.
5.
Click Apply at the bottom of HyperView window.
, click the
icon.
The model is loaded in the graphic window.
Step 11: Change the entity attributes of the model

1.
Click the E ntity Attribute s panel button
2.
Select Shell and Striction_shell in the Entity tree.
3.
Click the M e s h Line s icon
The model is displayed with Mesh and Lines.
Step 12: Load a contour for the model

1.
Click the C o nto ur panel button
2.
In the Result type field, select Stre s s (t) a nd v o nM is e s .
3.
Click Apply .
The contour for von Mises stresses is loaded on the model.

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4.
In the Results Browser, select Tim e = 6.000038 for Loadcase 1.
Step 13: Running the animations parameters

1.
Click the Anim a tio n Sta rt/ Sto p button
to animate the window.
Step 14: Modify the animations parameters

1.
Click the Anim a tio n C o ntro ls button
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2.
To reduce the speed of animation, move the cursor
to the bottom.
Step 15: Open a HyperGraph session in the HyperView graphic window

1.
Click the Pa ge La y o ut button
A Page Layout windows appears.

2.
Click the co nfigura tio n pa ge chosen
3.
Click on the empty graphic window to active it.
4.
Click on the arrow of the following icon
and select HyperGraph.
A HyperGraph window is opened in the empty graphic window.

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Step 16: Create a curve in HyperGraph

Create a Curve 2 corresponding to the Engineering Strain ( =DL/L0) in versus time L0 = 75
1.
Click the B uild plo t button
2.
Click the D ire cto ry icon
.
.
A window appears.
3.

TENSILET01.
4.
Click O pe n .
5.
Select Tim e in the X Type.
6.
Select No de / Sa v e no de in the Y Type.
7.
Select 54 No de 1 in the Y Request.
8.
Select D X in the Y Component.
9.
Click Apply .
The curve 54 Node 1 - DX is loaded.
10.
Click the D e fine C urv e s button
11.
Click the Add button to create a new curve.
A Curve 2 appears.
12.
Click the M a th button.
13.
Select the x button.
14.
On the graphic window, click at the same time on the Shift button and on the Curve 54
Node 1 DX
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15.
Select the y button.
16.
Select the
17.
Node 1 DX.
18.
Select the / button, enter 75.
button.
The following formula is written:

19.
Click Apply .
The curve Curve 4 is loaded.
Create a Curve corresponding to the Engineering Stress (s = F N/Sinitial) in versus time

Sinitial = 10.5
1.
2.
Select Tim e in the X Type.
3.
Select Se ctio n/ Se ctio n2 in the Y Type.
4.
Select 2 s e ctio n2 in the Y Request.
5.
Select FNX in the Y Component.
6.
Click Apply .

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7.
Click the D e fine C urv e s button
8.
A Curve 4 appears.
9.
10.
11.
section2 - FNX.
12.
13.
section2 - FNX.
14.
Select the / button, enter 10.5.

The following formula is written:
15.
Click Apply .
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Unselect curves in the graphic window

1.
Click the 54 No de 1 - D X name.
2.
Unselect the Curve item.

The curve vanished in the graphic window.
3.
Repeat the same operation for 2 section2 - FNX curve.
Create a Curve corresponding to the Engineering Strain in versus Engineering Stress

1.

A Curve 5 appears.
2.
3.
4.
On the graphic window, click at the same time on the Shift button and on the Curve 2.
5.
In the p1w2c2.x, replace the x by x: p1w2c2.y
6.
7.
.
8.
Click Apply .

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Unselect curves in the graphic window

1.
Click the C urv e 2 name.
2.
Unselect the Curve item.

The curve vanished in the graphic window.
3.
Repeat the same operation for Curve 4.

The Curve 5 is refreshed.
Load the experimental curve

1.
2.
Click the D ire cto ry icon
.
.
A window appears.
3.

experimental_data.xy
4.
Click O pe n.
5.
Select C o lum n 1 in the X Type.
6.
Select Unkno wn in the Y Type.
7.
Select B lo ck 1 in the Y Request.
8.
Select C o lum n 2 in the Y Component.
9.
Click Apply .
The curve Block 1 - Column 2 (experimental data curve) is loaded.
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Change the scale in the axes, the title,

1.
Click the Axe s icon
2.
Select the Sca le a nd Tics tab.
3.
In the Max field, replace 0.14 with 0.1.
4.
In the Primary field, select H o riz o nta l.
5.
In the Text tab, change the Label field with Tim e by E ngine e ring Stra in.
6.
Click Apply .
7.
In the Primary field, select Ve rtica l.
8.
In the Text item, change the Label field with No de / Sa v e d no de by E ngine e ring
Stre s s .
9.
Click Apply .
10.
Click the H e a de rs / Fo o te rs icon
11.
In the Header item, delete the title 54 No de 1 - D X .
12.
Click the Le ge nds icon
13.
Click the O uts ide plo t button.
14.
Click the D e fine C urv e s icon
15.
Select the C urv e 5 in the Curve list. Replace Curve 5 item by R AD IO SS.
16.
Select the B lo ck 1 - C o lum n 2 in the Curve list.
17.
Replace B lo ck 1 - C o lum n 2 item by E xpe rim e nta l.

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The comparison of RADIOSS and experimental data should be print
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RD-3030: Buckling of a Tube using Half Tube Mesh

Simulate buckling of a tube using half tube mesh with symmetric boundary conditions.
The figure illustrates the structural model used for this tutorial: a half tube with a rectangular
section (38.1 x 25.4 mm) and length of 203 mm.
Model
Model Description
UNITS: Length (mm), Time (ms), Mass (kg), Force (kN) and Stress (GPa)
Simulation time: Engine [0 10 ms]
The tube thickness is 0.914 mm.
An imposed velocity of 13.3 mm/ms (~30 MPH) is applied to the right end of the tube
Elasto plastic material using Johnson-Cook law /MAT/PLAS_JOHNS (STEEL).
= 7.85e-6 Kg/mm3
E = 210 GPa
Initial density
Youngs modulus
= 0.33
Poisson coefficient
0 = 0.206 GPa
[a] Yield Stress
b = 0.450 GPa
[b] Hardening Parameter
n = 0.5
Hardening Exponent
max = 0.0 GPa
Maximum Stress
File need to complete this exercise: boxtube.nas

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Exercise
Step 1: Import the mesh

1.
Open HyperCrash and set the User profile: to R AD IO SS V11 and the Unit system: to
kN m m m s kg.
2.
Select User Interface style as Ne w.
3.
Set the working directory to <install_directory>/tutorials/hwsolvers/radioss/.
4.
Click R un.
5.
6.
In the input window, select boxtube.nas.
7.
Click O K.

1. Click M o de l > M a te ria l.
2. In the window right mouse click and choose C re a te Ne w > E la s to - pla s tic > Jo hns o nC o o k (2).
3. For Title, enter Steel.

Enter all the material data, as shown in the following figure.
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4. Click Include picke d pa rts
and select boxtube in the graphics area.
5. Click Y e s in the lower right corner.

6. Click Sa v e > C lo s e .

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1.
Click M o de l > Pro perty.
2.
In the window right-click and select C re a te Ne w > Surfa ce > She ll (1).
3.
For Title, enter Pshell.
4.
For Shell thickness, enter 0.914.
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5.
Click Include picke d pa rts
6.
7.
and select boxtube in the graphics area.
Step 4: Define Rigid Body

1.
Click M e s h E diting > R igid B o dy > C re a te .
2.
In the Rigid body creation field, enter the name Rigid Body and click O k.

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3.
Use the Add no de s by bo x s e le ctio n button

Window, as shown below:
4.
Click Sa v e .
Note:
5.
to select the nodes in the Graphic
For the remainder of the tutorial, you need to have the ID of the master node of
the rigid body.
Click Sho w No de Info icon

in the graphic window.
in the toolbar, and select the rigid body master node
The Node ID appears in the message window (node ID: 803).

6.
Click C a nce l in the lower right corner.
7.
Click C lo s e .
Step 5: Define boundary condition applied on rigid body

1.
2.
In the Boundary condition creation field, enter the name BC1 and click O k.
3.
In the Node by Id field, enter 803, then click O k.
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4.
To constrain the nodes, toggle the buttons in Tx, Ty, Rx, Ry and Rz.
5.
Click Sa v e .
Step 6: Define boundary condition representing symmetry

1.
In the Boundary condition creation field, enter the name BC2 and click O k.
2.
Use the Add no de s by bo x s e le ctio n button

Window, as shown below:
3.
Toggle the buttons Tx, Ry and Rz.
4.
to select the nodes in the Graphic
Step 7: Define the imposed velocity

1.
2.
For Title, enter VELOCITY, then click O k.

A Function Window opens.
3.
For the function name, enter FUNC_VEL.
4.
Enter the first point (0, 13.3) and click Va lida te .
5.
Enter the second point (1e30, 13.3) and click Va lida te .

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6.
Click Sa v e in the Function Window to accept the function.
7.
In the Node by Id field, enter 803 and click O k, (or toggle the button Add RB master
nodes).
8.
Go to the Properties tab and enter a Y-Scale factor = -1.
9.
Toggle Tz for the direction of the imposed velocity.
10.
Step 8: Define a Rigid Wall

1.
Click Lo a dC a s e > R igid W a ll > C re a te .
2.
For the Select RWALL, select Infinite Pla ne .
3.
For Title, enter RIGID WALL.
4.
Enter the following values: M0: X= 0, Y= 38.1, Z= -204. M1: X= 0, Y= 38.1, Z= 1.
5.
In the Distance to search slave nodes field, enter 20.
6.
Click the Se e button to visualize it in the graphic window.
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7.
Go to the Properties tab, and switch the Friction Parameter: Sliding to Frictio n.
8.
For Friction, enter 0.200.
9.
Step 9: Create a self contact for the tube

1.
Click Lo a dC a s e > C o nta ct Inte rfa ce .
2.
Right-click in the Contact Interface list and select C reate New > Multi usage (Type 7).
3.
Click to toggle Se lf im pa ct .
4.
Click on the Include picke d pa rts icon
5.
Click Y e s in the lower right corner of the main window.
6.
For Title, enter the name Contact.
7.
In the Scale factor for stiffness field, enter 1.
8.
In the Coulomb friction field, enter 0.200.
9.
In the Min. gap for impact activ. field, enter 0.900.
10.
and select the part in the graphic window.

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Step 10: Export the model, write Starter (D00) and Engine (D01) files
1.
Under the Model menu select C o ntro l C a rd.
2.
Check Control Card to activate it.

Note: Make sure to save it before moving to the next Control Card.
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3.
Click File > E xpo rt > R AD IO SS.

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4.
In the Write Block Format 110 RADIOSS File window that opens up, enter the name
BOXTUBE and click O K.
5.
Leave the Header of RADIOSS File window empty and click Sa v e M o de l.

The Starter file BOXTUBE_0000.rad is written. Now the Write Engine File will be written
automatically.
The file BOXTUBE_0001.rad is written.
The model is now ready to run through the Starter and the Engine.
Step 11: Open RAD IO SS from Windows Start menu
Step 12: Select the Starter file BOXTUBE_0000.rad as Input file and
Run the model with the option: both
Step 13: Review the listing files for this run and verify on the results
1.
Using HyperView, plot the displacement and strain contour at 8 ms.
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Exercise Expected Results
Total Displacement C ontour (mm)

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RD-3050: Simplified Car Pole Impact in HyperCrash

To simulate frontal pole test with a simplified full car.
Model Description
UNITS: Length (mm), Time (s), Mass (ton), Force (N) and Stress (MPa)
Simulation time:
Engine file (_0001.rad) [0 0.06 ms]
An initial velocity of 15600 mm/s is applied on the car model to impact a rigid pole of
radius 250 mm.
Elasto-plastic Material /MAT/PLAS_JOHNS (WINDSHIELD)
= 2.5x10-9 ton/mm3
Initial Density
Young's Modulus
E = 76000 MPa
Poissons Ratio
= 0.3
Yield Stress
0 = 192 MPa
Hardening Parameter
K = 220 MPa
Hardening Exponent
n = 0.32
Elasto-plastic Material /MAT/PLAS_JOHNS (STEEL)

= 7.9x10-9 ton/mm3
Initial Density
Young's Modulus
E = 210000 MPa
Poissons Ratio
= 0.3
Yield Stress
0 = 200 MPa
Hardening Parameter
K = 450 MPa
Hardening Exponent
n = 0.5
Maximum Stress
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max = 425 MPa

327
Elasto-plastic Material /MAT/PLAS_JOHNS (RUBBER)

= 2x10-9 ton/mm3
Initial Density
Young's Modulus
E = 200 MPa
Poissons Ratio
= 0.49
30 MPa
0 = 1e
Yield Stress
Hardening Exponent
n =1
Exercise
Step 1: Retrieve the HyperMesh file

1.
Open HyperCrash and set the User profile: to R AD IO SS V11 and the Unit system: to
kN m m m s . kg.
2.
Set User Interface style as Ne w.
3.
Set the working directory to <install_directory>/tutorials/hwsolvers/radioss/ .
4.
Click R un.
5.
6.
In the input window, select full_ca r.na s .
7.
Click O K.
Step 2: Create WINDSHIELD material and assign to car windows

1.
2.
In the Material list, right-click and select C re a te Ne w > E la s to - Pla s tic > Jo hns o nC o o k (2).
3.
For Title, enter WINDSHIELD.
4.
Enter all the material data, as shown in the image below.

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5.
Click the Tre e tab and select PSH E LL3 and PSH E LL16 in the tree.
6.
Click
7.
8.
Click Se le cte d Pa rts o f Tre e
to show only these parts.
This will select all displayed parts in the graphics area.

9.
Click Sa v e .
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Step 3: Create RUBBER material and assign to car tires

1.
2.
For Title, enter RUBBER.

3.
Click the Tre e tab and select PSH E LL20 to PSH E LL23 in the tree.
4.
Click
5.

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6.

7.
Click Sa v e .
Step 4: Create STEEL material and assign to all other parts

1.
2.
For Title, enter STEEL.
3.
4.
Click the Tre e tab and select PSH E LL3, PSH E LL16 and PSH E LL20 to PSH E LL23 in the
tree.
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5.
Click
6.
Click
7.
8.
to invert the tree selection.

to show all the parts except the ones made with glass and rubber.

9.
Step 5: Create a rigid wall to represent the ground

1.
Click Lo a dca s e > R igid W a ll > C re a te .
2.
Under Rigid wall name, select R W ALL ty pe > Infinite Pla ne .
3.
Enter the rigid wall name, Ground.
4.
Enter the following values for M0 and M1:
5.
In the Se le ctio n tab, set the Distance to search for slave nodes to 200.
6.
Click the Se e button at the bottom of the panel to display the rigid wall.
7.
Click Sa v e .

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Step 6: Create Pole Rigid Walls

1.
Under Rigid wall name, select R W ALL ty pe > C y linde r.
2.
Enter the rigid wall name, Pole.
3.
Enter the following values for M0 and M1:
4.
Set the Diameter to 500.
5.
Set the Distance to search for slave nodes to 1500.
6.
Click Se e at the bottom of the panel to display the rigid cylinder.
7.
Click Sa v e .
8.
Click C lo s e to close the Rigid Walls panel.
Step 7: Define interface with the whole car

1.
Click Lo a dca s e > C o nta ct Inte rfa ce .
2.
In the window right-click and select Create New > M ulti us a ge (Ty pe 7).
3.
In the Title field, enter CAR_CAR.
4.
For Coulomb friction, enter 0.2.
5.
For Min gap for impact activ, enter 0.7.
6.
In the model display toolbar, click D is pla y All
7.
Check Se lf im pa ct in the list of properties.
8.
Click Add s e le cte d pa rts by bo x

entire car in the graphic window.
9.
Click Sa v e .
to display the entire model.
and use the mouse to drag a box to select the
Step 8: Create an interface between engine and radiator

1.
Right-click in the Contact list and select Create New > M ulti us a ge (Ty pe 7).
2.
In the Title field, enter ENGINE_RADIATOR.
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333
3.
For Coulomb friction, enter 0.2.
4.
For Min gap for impact activation, enter 1.0.
5.
In the Tree tab, highlight the part PSHELL28 (Radiator).
6.
In the Contact Interface tab Slave section, click Add s e le cte d pa rts o f tre e
7.
In the Tree tab, highlight the part PSHELL30 (Engine).
8.
In the Contact Interface tab Master section, click Add s e le cte d pa rts o f tre e
9.
Click Sa v e .
10.
Click C lo s e to close the Contact tab.
An additional symmetric interface is created.
Step 9: Define Initial Velocities

1.
Click Lo a dC a s e > Initia l Ve lo city .
2.
In the Velocity list, right-click and select C re a te Ne w.
3.
In the Title field, enter 35 MPH for the title.
4.
In the Tree window, highlight FULL_CAR.
5.
In the Initial Velocity tab and click Add s e le cte d pa rts o f tre e
6.
Enter 15600 in the [Vx] field.
7.
Step 10: Define Time History Nodes

1.
Click D a ta H is to ry > No de > C re a te .
2.
In the Node for time history field, enter RAIL and click O k.
3.
In the Tree tab, select PSH E LL19.
4.
Click Is o la te Tre e Se le ctio ns
5.
Go back to the Data History > Node panel and click Pick no de s to a dd

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6.
Select six nodes on the rails, for example as shown in the following image:
7.
8.
Step 11: Export the model

1.
Create The Engine file: From the menu bar, select M o de l > C o ntro l C a rd.
2.
Check the Control Cards, as shown in the images below.

Note: Make sure to s a v e all control card before editing the next.
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335

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3.
Click File > E xpo rt > R AD IO SS, enter FULL_CAR and click O K.
4.

The Starter file FULL_CAR_0000.rad is written.
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Step 12: Modify the Starter File

1.
Open the FULL_CAR_0000.rad in a text editor and modify the /MEMORY as shown
below:
Step 13: Open RADIOSS from Windows Start menu
Step 14: Select the Starter file FULL_CAR_0000.rad as Input file and
Run the model with the option: both
Final deformation and energy balance plot

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RD-3060: Three Point Bending with HyperCrash

To set up 3-point bending model with symmetric boundary conditions in Y direction.
Model Description
Simulation time: in _0001.rad [0 7.0E-2s]
Only one half of the model is modeled because it is symmetric.
The supports are totally fixed. An imposed velocity of 1000 mm/s is applied on the
Impactor in the (Z) direction
Model size = 370mm x 46.5mm x 159mm
Honeycomb Material /MAT/LAW28: HONEYCOMB
= 3.0e-10 ton/mm
[Rho_I] Initial density
[E11], [E22] and [E33] Youngs modulus

Eij = 200 MPa
[G11], [G22] and [G33] Shear modulus
Gij = 150 MPa
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Elasto-Plastic Material /MAT/LAW36: Inner, Outer and Flat

= 7.85-9 ton/mm3
E = 210000 MPa
[E] Youngs modulus
= 0.29
[nu] Poisson's ratio
Strain Curve:
0
STRAIN
STRESS
300
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.045

10 13 15 20 25 30 35 40
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
400
Elastic Material /MAT/PLAS_JOHNS: Impactor

= 8e-9 ton/mm3
E = 208000 MPa
= 0.29

[E] Youngs modulus
Step 1: Import the RADIOSS mesh

1.
Open HyperCrash 12.0.
2.
For User profile:, select R AD IO SS V11.
3.
For Unit system:, select N m m s T.
4.
Select User interface style as Ne w.
5.
Click R un.
6.
Click File > Im po rt > R AD IO SS
7.
In the Select RADIOSS File(s) window, navigate to the correct directory and select
B E ND ING _0000.ra d.
8.
Click O K.

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1.
2.
In the Window, right-click and select C re a te Ne w > E la s tic > Line a r e la s tic (1) as
shown below:
3.
For Title, enter Rigid Material.
4.
Enter all the material data, as shown in the following image.
5.

graphics area.
6.
7.
Click Sa v e .
and select the parts Impactor and Support in the
Step 3: Create and assign a material for Inner, Outer, and Flat parts
1.
In the Window, right-click and select C re a te Ne w > E la s to - pla s tic > Pie ce wis e line a r
(36).
2.
For Title, enter Shell Material.
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341
3.
Enter all the material data, as shown in the following image:
4.
Set Number of functions to 1 and click E nte r.
5.
Right-click in the Y ie ld s tre s s functio n - 1 field and select D e fine Functio n.

The Function Window opens.
6.
Click Im po rt curv e
to select a curve already present in the model.

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7.
In the Function file window, select the function with an ID of 2 to import the curve, as
shown in the following image.
8.
Click Sa v e .
9.
Click the Tre e tab and select the parts Inne r, O ute r, and Fla t on the tree.
10.
Click
11.
Click on M a te ria l tab.
12.

and select the parts Inner, Outer and Flat in the
graphics area as shown in the following image.
13.
14.
Click Sa v e .
to isolate this part.
Step 4: Create and assign a new material for HCFoam

1.
In the Window, right-click and select C re a te Ne w > O the r > H o ne y co m b o rtho tro pic
(28).
2.
For Title, enter Foam.
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343
3.
Enter all the material data, as shown in the following image:
4.
Right-click on the Y ie ld s tre s s functio n 11 field and click D e fine Functio n.

The Function window opens.
5.
Click Im po rt C urv e
6.
In the Function file dialog and select the function with ID of 5.
7.
Click Sa v e .
to select a curve already present in the model.

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8.
Repeat this process for the Yield functions, as shown in the following image.
9.
Click the Tre e tab and select the part H C Fo a m (7) on the tree.
10.
Click
11.
Click on the M a te ria l tab.
to show only this part.
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345
12.

and select the part H C Fo a m in the graphics area as
13.
14.

1.
Click M o de l > Pro pe rty .
2.
In the Window, right-click and select C re a te Ne w > Surfa ce > She ll (1), as shown
below.
3.
For Title, enter Shell Property.

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4.
Enter Shell thickness and Shell element formulation values as shown in the following
image.
5.
Click the Tre e tab and select the parts Inner, Outer and Flat on the tree.
6.
Click
7.
Click on the Pro pe rty tab.
8.

and select the parts Inner, Outer and Flat in the
graphics area to assign Shell Property.
9.
10.
Click Sa v e .
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Step 6: Create and assign a property for Impactor and Support

1.
For Title, enter Rigid Property.
2.
Enter the Shell thickness value as .91186, as shown in the following image.
4.
Click the Tre e tab and select the parts Impactor and Support in the tree.
5.
Click
6.
7.

and select the parts Impactor and Support in the
graphics area to assign Rigid Property.
8.
9.
Click Sa v e .

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Step 7: Create and assign a property for HCFoam

1.
In the Window, right-click and select C re a te Ne w > Vo lum e > G e ne ra l s o lid (14).
2.
For Title, enter Foam.
3.
Click the Tre e tab and select the part H C fo a m on the tree.
4.
Click
5.
Go back to the Property tab.
6.
In the Flag for solid elements formulation, select H E PH .
7.

Property.
8.
9.
to show only this part.
and select H C fo a m in the graphics area to assign Foam
Step 8: Create rigid body for Impactor and Supports

1.
Click M e s h E diting > R igid B o dy > C re a te .
2.
In the Rigid body creation field, enter the name Impactor and click O k.
3.
Click the Tre e tab and select the B E ND ING assembly on the tree.
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4.
Click
5.
Click on the M e s h E diting tab.
6.
Use the Include picke d pa rts

7.
Click Y e s > Sa v e .
to show all parts.
option to select Impactor on graphic screen, as
Step 9: Create rigid body for Support

1.
In the Title field, enter the name Support.
2.
Click O k.
3.
Use the Include picke d pa rts
4.
Click Y e s to complete the selection.
5.
Click Sa v e .
option to select Support in the graphic area.
The rigid body for Support should look like the following image.
6.
Click C lo s e .

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Step 10: Define boundary conditions for the model

1.
2.
Press F6 to show the rigid bodies.
3.
In the Boundary Condition creation field, enter BC and click O k.
4.
Click the no de s e le ctio n button

the following image.
5.
Constrain all DOF except translation in Z as shown in the following image. To constrain
the nodes, check Tx, Ty, Rx, Ry and Rz.
6.
Click Sa v e .
7.
In the Boundary condition creation field, enter Support Fix and click O k.
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to select master node of Impactor, as shown in

351
8.
Click no de s e le ctio n button

following image.
9.
Constrain all DOF by selecting Tx, Ty, Tz, Rx, Ry and Rz as shown in the following
image.
10.
Click Sa v e .
11.
In the Boundary condition creation field, enter Symmetry and click O k.
12.
Click the Tre e tab and select the parts Inner, Outer, HCfoam and Flat on the tree.
13.
Click
14.
Press the p key to change the perspective visualization.
15.
Click on the B o unda ry C o nditio n tab.
16.
From the visualization toolbar, select the YZ View, as shown below.
17.
Click
to select master node of Support as shown in the
to activate the window selection tool.

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18.
Select nodes, as shown in the following image.
19.
To constrain the nodes, select Ty, Rx and Rz.
20.
Step 11: Define Impactor Velocity

1.
2.
For Title, enter IMPOSED VELOCITY and click O k.

A Function Window opens.
3.
Enter the value shown below and then click Va lida te .
4.
Enter second value as shown below and then click Va lida te .
5.
Click Sa v e .
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6.
Press the F6 key to show the rigid bodies.
7.
Click
8.
Click Y e s in the lower-right corner.
9.
Click the Pro pe rtie s tab and enter the data, as shown in the following image:
10.
For Direction of Translation, select Tz.
11.
and select the master node of Impactor.
Step 12: Define contacts for the model

1.
2.
In the Window, right-click and select C re a te Ne w > M ulti us a ge (Ty pe 7).
3.
For Title, enter Support.
4.
Click on the Tre e tab and select the parts Flat and Support on the tree.

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5.
Click
6.
Click on the C o nta ct Inte rfa ce tab.
7.
Using
select Fla t component as Slave and Suppo rt as Master as shown in the
following image.
8.
Set Coulomb friction to 0.1.
9.
Set Min gap for impact active to 0.2.
10.
Click Sa v e .
11.
Right-click in the Contact list and select C re a te Ne w > M ulti us a ge (Ty pe 7).
12.
Click on the Tre e tab and select the parts Outer and Impactor on the tree.
13.
Click
14.
15.
Using
select O ute r Pa rt as Slave and Im pa cto r as Master as shown in the
following image.
16.
In the Title, enter Imp_Outer.
17.
Set Coulomb friction to 0.1.
18.
Set Min gap for impact active to 0.2.
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19.
Click Sa v e .
20.
Right-click in the Contact list and select C re a te Ne w > M ulti us a ge (Ty pe 7).
21.
Click on the Tre e tab and select the parts Outer, Inner and Flat on the tree.
22.
Click
23.
24.
Select Se lf- Im pa ct.
25.
Using
26.
Enter Self for the Title.
27.
Set the Coulomb friction to 0.1.
28.
Set the Min gap for impact active to 0.7.
29.
Click Sa v e .
select components Outer, Inner and Flat, as shown in the following image.
Step 13: Clean the model

1.
Click M e s h E diting > C le a n.
2.
Select All.
3.
Click C le a n > C lo s e .

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Step 14: Set the Control Cards and Export the Starter (_0000.rad) and
Engine (_0001.rad) files
1.
Click M o de l > C o ntro l C a rd and select the control cards in the images below.
Note: Make sure to s a v e each control card before editing the next.
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2.
Click File > E xpo rt > R AD IO SS.
3.
In the Output window that opens, enter the name 3PBENDING and click O K.
4.

The Starter file 3PBENDING_0000.rad is written.
Step 15: Open RADIOSS Manager from windows Start menu
Step 16: Run the model 3PBENDING_0000.rad using RADIOSS

Manager in the class_exercise folder

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1.
Using HyperView, plot the displacement and strain contour.
von Mises Stress C ontour (MPa)
Plastic Strain C ontour
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C ontact Force for Impactor Interface

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RD-3150: Seat Model with Dummy using HyperCrash

Introduction
This tutorial presents the different steps involved in building a simple Sled model using
HyperCrash pre-processing tool.
Exercise
Step 1: Model Import

Set the user profile, units and interface.
1.
2.
For User Profile, select R AD IO SS V11.
3.
For Unit System, select N_m m _s _T.
4.
For User Interface Style, select Ne w.
5.
Click R un.
Step 2: Import the seat model and merge all components, floor,
seatbelt and foam block
1.
Click File > Im po rt > R AD IO SS....
2.
Select the file SEAT__00D00.rad.
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3.
Click O K.
Step 3: Model Merging

1.
Click File > Im po rt > R AD IO SS,

HyperCrash message window prompt.
2.
Click M e rge .
3.
Select the file FLOORD00.rad.
4.
Click O K.
5.
Input the value 100000 in the Set all to field.

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6.
Click the Set all to button to offset the numbering of all the entities.
7.
Click M e rge to merge the floor model.
8.
Redo the steps 1 to 7 for the cushion model:

File: FOAMD00.rad
Set all to offset: 200000
9.
Redo the steps 1 to 7 for the seatbelt model:

File: BELTD00.rad
Set all to offset: 300000
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Step 4: Model Hierarchy

1.
In the Tree, select the subset of the seat named Seat model (300005).
2.
In the pop-up menu, right-click the mouse button and select Change Name.
3.
Enter the name Seatbelt in the Change Name window.
4.
Click O k.
5.
Click on any item on the tree, right-click the mouse button and in the pop-up menu,
select New Assembly.
6.
Enter the name Seat and click O k.
7.
Select the parts Seat plate, Backseat plate, Feet, Seat frame, and Backseat frame
using the Shift or Ctrl keys.
8.
Press the middle mouse button and drag the selected parts into the assembly Se a t.
9.
Select the tree root (Seat) and click on the right mouse button.

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10.
In the pop-up menu, select Lis t Se le ctio n.

The Selection List dialog opens.
11.
In the displayed window, check if all parts have properties and materials.
12.
C lo s e the window and E xpo rt the model to save.
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Step 5: Connection
To add the feet of the seat and the seatbelt anchorage point to the floor rigid body.
1.
Click M e s h E diting > R igid B o dy > M o dify .
2.
Select the rigid body: Floor.
3.
Click Se e s e le cte d rigid bo die s (
4.
Click on D is pla y All
5.
Toggle the radio button Adde d and select all the nodes of the seat feet and the
anchorage points of the seatbelt using the node selections tools.
6.
Select the Properties subpanel and activate the Time history for the M a s te r no de
and R igid bo dy .
7.
).
and then on Le ft Vie w (F11).

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Connect Seat Cushion to the seat frame with a tied interface (type2)
1.
2.
Right-click in the window and select C re a te Ne w > Kine m a tic co nditio n (Ty pe 2).
3.
Select the nodes of the seat cushion in the Slave nodes section facing the seat frame,
as shown below using the node selection tools.
Tips: Press the letter P for non-perspective view, if needed.
Press SHIFT and draw a closed polygon window around the nodes to select. When
finished, release the SHIFT key.
4.
Display Seat Assembly in the Tree.
5.
Select all the elements of the seat assembly facing the seat cushions in the Master
Surface section.
Slave
Master
6. Enter seat cushion fixation as the Title for the Contact.
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7. Click Sa v e .
8. From the LoadCase menu, select C o nta ct Inte rfa ce > C he ck.
The created interface should be displayed with green text, as shown below. Otherwise,
the interface has to be improved.
9.
Click C lo s e .
10.
E xpo rt the model to save.

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Step 6: Dummy positioning

1.
Click Sa fe ty > D um m y Po s itio ne r.
2.
From the Dummy model list menu, select Ne w dum m y .
A Dummy Posit panel opens.
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3.
In the Dummy Posit panel, select Ne w D um m y to select a dummy.
4.
Select the File subpanel.
5.
Select the file H350R12BD00.
The dummy model is displayed in the small graphic window.

6.
Click Va lida te .
7.
Set Se t a ll to : value to 400000.
8.
Click the Se t a ll to button to offset the numbering of all entities.

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9.
Click O K to merge the Dummy model.
10.
Click Im po rt in the dummy positioning window and select the file H350R12B_Position.
M00.
Note:
11.
H350R12B_Position.M00 contains all parameters for the automatic dummy

positioning.
C lo s e the Dummy positioner and E xpo rt the model to save.
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Step 7: Seatbelt setting

1.
Click Sa fe ty > B e lt G e ne ra to r.
2.
Enter the name Upper belt and click O K to validate.
3.
Click Se a t be lt re fe re nce po ints (
4.
Click Add no de s by picking (

image (red arrows).
5.
Click Y e s on the right corner and O k to validate the node selection.
).
) and select three nodes, as shown in the following

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6.
Click Add/ R e m o v e bo dy pa rt (
) and select the parts: torso, pelvis, upper legs,
and the seat cushion fabric, as shown in red in the image.
7.
Click Y e s to validate the selection.
8.
Set the Gap value to 5.00 mm.
9.
Set the Belt geometric width as 40.
10.
Set the Element size as 10.
11.
Click C ho o s e m a te ria l in da ta ba s e (
) and select the material file BELT.mat from
<installation directory>/tutorials/hwsolvers/radios/mat.
12.
Then click O k.
13.
Click C ho o s e pro pe rty in da ta ba s e (

) and select the property file BELT.prop from
<installation directory>/tutorials/hwsolvers/radios/property.
14.
Then click O k.
15.
Click the Pre v ie w button to display the proposed seat belt.

Some intersections may exist between the seat cushion and the seat belt.
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16.
At the top of the panel, from the Options drop-down menu, click Auto m a tic fitting.
17.
Click Fit Auto m a tic (
18.
Using the different tools available in this menu, remove the intersections and
penetrations between the seatbelt and the seat cushion.
19.
Click C lo s e to close the de-intersection/de-penetration page and come back to the

seatbelt creation page.
20.
Click Sa v e to save the belt definition.
21.
Redo the same operations in order to create the lower belt:
).
Select nodes as shown in arrows:
Select the parts: pelvis, upper legs and seat cushion fabric.
22.
Click Pre v ie w > Sa v e > C lo s e .
23.

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Step 8: Seatbelt Anchorage

During the seatbelt creation, one rigid body is created on each end of the seatbelt. The loose
ends of the anchorage points (springs & truss) should be included in the seatbelt rigid body.
1.
Click M e s h E diting > R igid B o dy > M o dify .
2.
Select the rigid body Upper belt_RBody_first_node.
3.
Click Se e s e le cte d rigid bo die s (
4.
Click Adde d.
5.
Display the entire model using v ie w a ll icon (
6.
Add the nearest seatbelt spring node using no de s e le ctio n by bo x (
7.
Select the Properties subpanel and activate the Time history for the Master node
and the Rigid body.
8.
Click Sa v e .
9.
Re-do the same operations for the three other rigid bodies of the seatbelt:
).
).
).
Upper belt_RBody_last_node
Lower belt_RBody_first_node
Lower belt_RBody_last_node
10.
Click C lo s e and E xpo rt the model to save.
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Seatbelt vs Dummy
Step 9: Contact interfaces
During the seatbelt creation, two contact interfaces between the seatbelt and the dummy
have been created. You will need to check and remove any remaining intersections and
penetrations.
1.
2.
Select interface BELT ID 400038.
3.
Click Se e s e le cte d (
) to display it. In the selection add the upper elements of the
Fabric backframe and Backseat to the master as shown in the picture to avoid the
seatbelt to penetrate them during contact.
4.
Set the Coulomb friction value to 0.3.
5.
Click Sa v e .
6.
Select interface BELT ID 400039.
7.
Click Se e s e le cte d (
8.
Select the Properties subpanel.
9.
Set the Coulomb friction value to 0.3.
10.
Click Sa v e .
12.
Select interfaces BELT ID 400038 and BELT ID 400039.
13.
Click C he ck pe ne tra tio n s e le cte d inte rfa ce s (
14.
In the Quality panel remove the existing intersections and penetrations.
15.
Click C lo s e in order to come back to the Contact Interface panel.
16.
) to display it.
).

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Seat structure
Creation of Self-Impact between different parts of the Seat.
1.
In the Tree window, select subsets Seat, Floor and Foam.
2.
Right-click in the Contact list and select C re a te Ne w > M ulti- us a ge (Ty pe 7).
3.
Click Se lf im pa ct.
4.
In the Added panel, click on (
5.
Set the Title to Self impact seat structure.
6.
7.
Set the Gap/element option to Va ria ble ga p.
8.
Click Sa v e .
12.
Select the s e lf im pa ct seat structure interface in the list.
13.
) Add s e le cte d pa rts o f Tre e .
).
Some penetrations exist between the seat cushion and the seat structure.
14.
Switch to the Tree window, and select the subset named Se a t.
15.
Switch to Quality window and click on Fixe d pa rt (
16.
Press the ESC key to remove all selected parts.
17.
Click on Add s e le cte d pa rts o f tre e (
18.
Click D e pe ne tra te Auto (

Note:
).
).
).
Only the nodes of the seat cushion are moved. The seat parts are fixed.
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19.
Click C lo s e twice.
20.
Dummy vs Seat
Creation of Interface between Dummy and Seat.
1.
2.
Select interface C re a te / M o dify > M ulti us a ge (Ty pe 7).
3.
In the Tree window, select the Foams subset - the two cushion parts only.
4.
Switch back to the Interface panel and click (

Slave nodes section.
5.
Again switch to the Tree window.
6.
Select the subset named HYBRID III 50% DUMMY FINE MESH V_1.2.
7.
Switch back to the Contact interface panel.
8.
In the M a s te r section, click Add Se le cte d pa rt o f Tre e (
9.
Set the interface Title to Dummy - Seat.
10.
11.
Set the GAP MIN value to 3.00mm .
12.
Click Sa v e .
13.
) Add s e le cte d pa rts o f Tre e in the
).

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Dummy vs Floor
Creation of an interface between dummy feet and the floor.
1.
Right-click in the Contact list and select C re a te Ne w > Tie d with v o id (Ty pe 10).
2.
Set the dummy feet as s la v e no de s .
3.
Set the floor as m a s te r s urfa ce .
4.
Set the interface Title to Feet Floor.
5.
Set the Gap for impact activation to 3.0 mm.
6.
7.
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Seat Deformer
Modifying the seat cushion mesh to conform to the dummy using the Seat Deformer tool.
Step 1: Select model direction
1.
Click Sa fe ty > Se a t D e fo rm e r.
2.
Set the Gap= value to 3.00 mm (the same as defined in the interface).
Make sure the Dummy is oriented in the same orientation as the schematic.
3.
Set X- for the Fro nt D ire ctio n.
4.
Set Z+ for the To p D ire ctio n.
5.
Click Acce pt.

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Step 2: Select Seat Parts

1.
Using the model display tools, display only the parts with solid elements.
2.
Select both parts of the seat foam.
3.
Click Acce pt.
Step 3: Select Dummy Parts

1.
Switch to the Tree window.
2.
Select the subset named HYBRID III 50% DUMMY FINE MESH V_1.2.
3.
Switch back to the Seat Deformer panel.
4.
Click Add Se le cte d pa rt o f Tre e (
5.
Click Acce pt.
).
Step 4: Select Seat-Back Nodes

1.
Switch to the Tree window.
2.
Select the Fa bric ba ck fra m e in the tree.
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3.
Switch back to Seat Deformer and change the Select by drop-down list to Pa rt .
4.
Click Add Se le cte d pa rt o f Tre e (
5.
Click Acce pt.
).

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Step 5: Select Fixed Nodes

1.
Toggle to Select.
2.
Using the node selection tools, use the s e le ct by bo x tool (

bottom nodes of the cushion (not fabric).
Tips:
) to select the back and
On the keyboard, press P for non-perspective view to facilitate the selection.
Press SHIFT and draw a closed polygon window around the nodes. When done, release
the SHIFT key.
3.
Click Acce pt.
HyperCrash now deforms the seat.

4.
Click C lo s e .
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After the seat deformation, check if any initial penetrations remain between the seat
and the dummy.
1.
Click Lo a dC a s e > C o nta ct Inte rfa ce to open the Contact Interface tab.
2.
Select interface D um m y
3.
Se a t.
).
Penetrations exist between the seat beam and the dummy.

4.
Click Se le ct All (
5.
Click H ighlight by Ve cto r (
6.
Click Fixe d pa rt (
7.
Press the ESC key to remove all selected parts.
8.
Click Fixe d pa rt (
9.
Click D e pe ne tra te Auto (
).
).
).
) and then select the displayed parts of the dummy.

).
Only the nodes of the seat cushion are moved. The parts of the dummy are fixed.
10.
Click C lo s e and then E xpo rt the model to save.
Loadcase Setting
Step 10.1: Initial velocity

Update the initial velocity defined in the model to include all the nodes in the model.
1.
Click Lo a dC a s e > Initia l Ve lo city to open the Initial Velocity tab.
2.
Select the initial velocity All in the list.

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3.
Click Se e s e le cte d initia l v e lo city (
4.
Select all nodes of the model using the selection tools (
5.
Change the [V x] X V e loc it y from 10000 to 13000 mm/s.
6.
7.
).
).
Step 10.2: Imposed velocity

Update the imposed velocity on the floor to decelerate the car.
1.
Click Lo a dC a s e > Im po s e d Ve lo city > M o dify .
2.
Select Im po s e d v e lo city in the list.
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385
3.
Click Se e s e le cte d im po s e d v e lo city (
).
The floor rigid body is displayed on the screen. The imposed velocity is defined on its
master node.
4.
Select the Properties subpanel.
5.
Click Functio n and check if the initial value of the function is the same as the initial
velocity.
6.
7.

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Step 10.3: Boundary conditions

To simulate the Sled Test, you need to constrain all degrees of freedom on the floor except
X-direction.
1.
Click Lo a dC a s e > B o unda ry C o nditio n > M o dify .
2.
Select the Floor in the list.
3.
Click Se e s e le cte d bo unda ry co nditio n (
).
The floor rigid body is displayed on the screen. The boundary condition is defined on its
master node.
4.
Fix the degree of freedom for Ty, Tz, Rx, Ry, and Rz.
5.
6.
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Time History Data Setting
Step 11.1: Nodes

1.
Click D a ta H is to ry > No de > M o dify .
2.
Select the node group H350MEF2D00_th_nodes.

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3.
Click Se e s e le cte d th (
).
These are the nodes of the dummy rigid bodies.
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389
4.
For each node of the group:

Select the node in the list.
Click Se e s e le cte d no de (
).
Enter a name in the field Node name as shown in the table.

Click O k.
5.
When all labels are defined, click Sa v e > C lo s e .
6.
Step 11.2: Parts

1.
Click D a ta H is to ry > Pa rt > M o dify .
2.
Select the second and third part group on the list.
3.
Click D e le te s e le cte d th (
4.
Answer Y e s to the question in the main window ( Y e s or Ca nc e l).
).
The selected parts groups are deleted from the model.

5.
Select the re m a ining pa rt gro up in the list.
6.
Click Se e s e le cte d th (
).

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7.
Go to the Tree panel and select the root of the tree.
8.
Switch back to the Data History panel and click Add pa rts by tre e s e le ctio n (
9.
Click Sa v e and then E xpo rt the model to save.
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391
Step 11.3: Interfaces

To Add all interfaces to Time History.
1.
Click Lo a dC a s e > C o nta ct Inte rfa ce to open the Contact Interface tab.
2.
Select a ll inte rfa ce s in the list.
3.
Right-click the mouse button, and in the pop-up menu, select Ta ta H is to ry > Y e s .
Step 11.4: Final Check

1.
Go to Quality Module.
2.
Select C he ck All So lv e r C o nta ct Inte rfa ce s .
3.
Make sure there are no intersections and initial penetrations; if so, fix them.
4.
Click C lo s e .
5.
Go to M e s h E diting and clean so all the unused materials and properties are removed.
Step 12: Create Control Cards and Export the Model

1.
Click M o de l > C o ntro l C a rds to create the Control Cards in the images below:

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2.
Click File > Export > RADIOSS .
3.
Enter a name for the model in the file output window and click O K.
4.
Write relevant information regarding your model in the H e a de r window.
5.
Click Sa v e M o de l.

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6.
With a text editor, open the file MODEL_00D01 and add the following lines:
#
/DT/SHELL/DEL
0.000000e+000 1.000000e-009
#
/MON/ON
The first two lines will be used to delete elements from the beginning. The last command is
used to print the calculation time in the listing file.
The model is now ready to be computed.
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RD-3160: Setting up Multidomain Analysis using

HyperCrash
The objective of this tutorial is to show how to use the multi-domain technique. For more
information on this technique, please refer to Multidomain.
The model used is a low speed pole impact on a bumper system. Please note that the model
is finely meshed (average mesh size = 2mm) in the region of the pole impact and coarsely
meshed (average mesh size = 10mm) elsewhere.
In order to run this analysis using multi-domain technique, we have to split this model into
two domains, one containing the finely meshed region and the other containing the rest. A
node to node link (/LINK/TYPE4) is then specified at the boundary between the two domains.
These domains will be created using a pre-processor (using HyperCrash in this tutorial) and
the options specific to multi-domain analysis will be added to the input decks through a texteditor. A Multidomain master input file will also be created using a text editor.
For a list of multi-domain options, please refer to Multidomain Input.
For information on how to create links or connections between domains, please refer to
Multidomain in the User's Guide.
For more information on Multidomain Master Input, please refer to Multidomain Master Input
File.

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Exercise
Step 1: Import Full Model

1.
2.
Set User profile: to R AD IO SS V11 and Unit system: to kN m m m s kg.
3.
Click R un.
4.
Click File > Im po rt > R AD IO SS... to import the model monodomain_0000.rad.
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Step 2: Create Input Files for the Two Domains

1.
Click M o de l > C o ntro l C a rds to set the Control Cards, as shown in the following images:

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2.
In the Tree, select the subsets of the fine-meshed region (subsets BB_fine1 (21),
BB_fine2 (24), and fine_mesh (69)), then right-click, then click E xpo rt Se le ctio n.
3.
In the Export Selection window, toggle Export geometry... and select ALL PO SSIB LE
R E LATE D E NTITIE S.
4.
Click O K.
5.
Save the file as fine_mesh.

This will write the file fine_mesh_0000.rad
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6.
Click M o de l > C o ntro l C a rds and enter the following Control Cards:
7.
In the Tree, select the subsets/spotwelds of the coarse-meshed region, then right-click
E xpo rt Se le ctio n.
8.
In the Export Selection window, toggle Export geometry ... and select ALL PO SSIB LE
R E LATE D E NTITIE S.
9.
Click O K.
10.
Save the file as coarse_mesh.

This will write the file coarse_mesh_0000.rad.

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Step 3: Define Link between the Two Domains

1.
In the original single model, the fine meshed region is connected to the coarse meshed
region at both ends. When this model is split into two domains, we have to create a set
of nodes in both the domains and link these node sets through the starter option (/
EXTERN/LINK). This option has to be added to the two Starter input files using a text
editor.
2.
Open the Starter file coarse_mesh_0000.rad and add the option /EXTERN/LINK, as
shown below:
Note:
Two external links through node sets 1001 and
1002 have been added to this domain. These node
sets were already defined in monodomain_0000.rad
and exported to the two domains in Step 2.
3.
Open the Starter file fine_mesh_0000.rad and add the same options.
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4.
Create a RAD2RAD input file input.dat defining the two domains and specifying the
connections between them.
#===========================================================
====
# 1. DEFINITION OF DOMAINS
#===========================================================
====
# Domain1
/DOMAIN/coarse_mesh
1 2
# Domain2
/DOMAIN/fine_mesh
1 2
#===========================================================
====
# 2. DEFINITION OF LINKS BETWEEN DOMAINS
#===========================================================
====
# First link
/LINK/TYPE4
coarse_mesh
1
fine_mesh 1
#Second link
/LINK/TYPE4
coarse_mesh
2
fine_mesh
2
#===========================================================
====
# 3. MULTI-SCALE TIME STEP OPTION
#===========================================================
====
/MLTPS/ON
1.00 1.00
/END
5.
Add the option/RAD2RAD/ON in the two Engine files coarse_mesh_0001.rad and

fine_mesh_0001.rad.
6.
The input files are now ready to be run using the multi-domain technique. For information
on how to launch a multi-domain computation, please refer to Multidomain.

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HyperMesh

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RD-3500: Tensile Test Setup using HyperMesh

This tutorial demonstrates how to simulate a uniaxial tensile test using a quarter size mesh
with symmetric boundary conditions.
Only a quarter of the specimen is needed to simulate the tensile test.
Model Description
Simulation time D01 [0 10.]
The model uses Quarter size mesh with symmetric boundary conditions.
Boundary Conditions:
o
The 3 upper right nodes (T X , RY, and RZ )
The center node on left is totally fixed (T X , T Y, Rx , RY, and RZ )
A symmetry boundary condition on all bottom nodes (T Y, Rx , and RZ )
At the left side is applied a constant velocity = 1 mm/ms on -X direction.

Tensile test specimen dimensions = 11 x 100 with a uniform thickness = 1.7 mm
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Johnson-Cook Elastic Plastic Material /MAT/PLAS_JOHNS (Aluminum 6063 T7)
= 2.7e-6 Kg/
mm3
E = 60.4 GPa
= 0.33

[E] Youngs modulus
[nu] Poissons ratio
[a] Yield Stress
0 = 0.09026
GPa
K = 0.22313 GPa
[n] Hardening Exponent
n = 0.374618
[SIG_max] Maximum Stress
max = 0.175
[EPS_max] Failure Plastic Strain
GPa
max = 0.75
Input file for this tutorial: tensile_test.hm
Exercise
Step 1: Load the RADIOSS (Block) User Profile

1.
Launch HyperMesh Desktop.
2.
From the Preferences menu, select the Us e r Pro file s or from the toolbar, click on the
icon.
3.
Select R AD IO SS (B lo ck110) and click O K.
Step 2: Load the tensile_test.hm file

1.
Click the O pe n M o de l icon
2.
Click O pe n.
and browse to select the tensile_test.hm file.
The model loads into the graphics area.

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Step 3: Define material for the tensile test specimen

1. Access the Materials panel in one of the following ways:
Right-click in the Model Browser and select C re a te > M a te ria l.
The Create material dialog appears.
From the Material drop-down, click C re a te .
From the toolbar, click the M a te ria ls icon
2.
For Name:, enter MAT_1.
3.
For Type, select E LASTO - PLASTIC .
4.
For Card image:, select M 2_PLAS_JO H NS_Z E R IL.
5.
Click C a rd e dit m a te ria l upo n cre a tio n to activate the option.
6.
Click C re a te to create the material and edit the card image.
7.
Input the values as shown in the following image in the card image panel.
8.
Click re turn to get back to the main panel.
Step 4: Define property for the tensile test specimen

1.
Access the Properties panel in one of the following ways:

Right-click in the Model Browser and select C re a te > Pro pe rty .
The Create property dialog appears.
From the Properties menu, select C re a te > Pro pe rty .
From the toolbar, click the Pro pe rtie s icon
2.
For Name:, enter sheet_1.7.
3.
In the Type field, select SUR FAC E .
4.
For Card image:, select P1_SH E LL.
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407
5.
Click C a rd e dit pro pe rty upo n cre a tio n to activate the option.
6.
Click C re a te to create the property and edit the card.
7.
Input values as shown in the following image.
8. Click re turn to get back to the main menu.
Step 5: Assign material and property to the test specimen

1.
In the Model Browser, select the Te ns ile _co upo n component and then right-click
.
2.
Select As s ign.
3.
For Property, select She e t_1.7.
4.
For Material, select M a t_1.
5.
Click Apply .
Step 6: Create boundary conditions

1.
From the Utility browser, start the BCs Manager or from the pull-down menu, select
To o ls > B C s M a na ge r.
2.
For Name, enter constraint1, set Select type to B o unda ry C o nditio n and set
GRNOD to No de s .

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3.
Click on the no de s , nodes selection appears. Select the three nodes as shown in the
figure below and click pro ce e d.
4.
Fix degrees of freedom Tx, Ry and Rz.
5.
Click cre a te tab to create the constraint. The created constraint appears in the table
also handle appear in graphics.
6.
For Name, enter constraint2, set Select type to B o unda ry C o nditio n and set the
GRNOD to No de s .
7.
Select node as shown in the image below.
8.
Fix degrees of freedom Tx, Ty, Rx, Ry and Rz.
9.
10.
For Name, enter constraint3, set Select type to B o unda ry C o nditio n and set
GRNOD to No de s .
11.
Select node as shown in the image below.
12.
Fix degrees of freedom Ty, Rx and Rz.
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13.
Step 7: Create Imposed Velocity

1.
From the Utility page, start the BCs manager.
2.
For Name, enter velocity, set Select type as im po s e d v e lo city and set GRNOD to
No de s .
3.
Select the nodes as shown in the image below.
4.
Set the direction as X and Y scale as -1.0.
5.
Click the C re a te / Se le ct curv e ID .

An XY curve editor appears.
6.
Create a new curve with the Name Load with values as shown in table below.
7.
Close the XY curve editor, the created curve is assigned to this constraint.
8.
Click cre a te to create the velocity boundary condition.

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Step 8: Create output requests

1. Go to the Utility menu by accessing View > Browsers > HyperMesh > Utility if the
Utility tab is not yet displayed and click E ngine File .
2. In the RADIOSS Engine File Tool window, click the GENERAL tab and enter values, as
shown in the following image:
3.
Click Apply .
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411
4.
In the ANIM tab, enter values as shown in the following image, open the panel if
something is not visible:
5.
Click Apply > C lo s e .
Step 9: Export the model as TENSILE_0000.rad

1.
From the File menu, click E xpo rt or click the E xpo rt icon
(for HyperWorks Desktop).
2.
For File:, click the folder icon

(for standalone) or
(for HyperWorks Desktop) and
navigate to the destination directory where you want to run.
3.
Enter the name TENSILE and click Sa v e .
4.
Click the downward-pointing arrows next to E xpo rt o ptio ns to expand the panel.
(for standalone) or

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5.
Toggle Merge starter and engine file to export the Engine and Starter file as one file.
6.
Click E xpo rt > C lo s e .
Step 11: Run the model TENSILE_0000.rad using RADIOSS Manager

with the option: both
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Step 12: Review the listing files for this run and verify the results
1.
See if there is any warning or errors on .out files.
2.
Using HyperView, plot the displacement and strain contour.

Altair Engineering
RD-3510: Cantilever Beam with Bolt Pretension

This tutorial demonstrates how to simulate a simple cantilever problem with a concentrated
load at the free end, using Dynamic Relaxation (/DYREL) method to obtain a static solution.
Model Description
Simulation time:
o
CANTILEVER_0001.rad [0 35.1 ms]
CANTILEVER_0002.rad [35.1 45.01 ms]
Steps to setup this model:

o
Fix the Cantilever Beam to the support with a 10 kN pre-tension. The bolt attains
10 kN in 10 ms and remains constant thereafter.
After Pre-tension, a concentrated load of 0.2 kN is gradually applied at the free

end of the beam from 10 ms to 25 ms and it remains constant thereafter.
Material used:
Elasto-plastic Material /MAT/LAW2.
= 7.83e-6 Kg/mm3

[E] Youngs modulus
E = 205 GPa
[nu] Poissons ratio
= 0.29
[a] Yield Stress
0 = 0.792 GPa
K = 0.510 GPa
n = 0.26
[n] Hardening Exponent

[SIG_max] Maximum Stress
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415
max = 0.95 GPa
[c] Strain rate coefficient

[EPS_0] Reference strain rate
c = 0.014 GPa
=1
Input file for this tutorial: cantilever.hm
Exercise

1.
2.
From the Preferences menu, select the Us e r Pro file s or from the toolbar, click on the
icon.
3.
Step 2: Load the cantilever.hm file

1. Click the O pe n M o de l icon
and browse to select the cantilever.hm file.
2. Click O pe n.
Step 3: Create a rigid body connecting spring ends to Bolt Support

component
1. Access the Components panel in one of the following ways:
Right-click in the Model Browser and select C re a te > C o m po ne nt
The Create component dialog appears.
From the Collectors drop-down, select C re a te > C o m po ne nts
From the toolbar, click the co m po ne nt
icon.
2.
For Name:, enter Rigids.
3.
Click C re a te .
4.
5.
In the Model browser, hide the component Pla te .
6.
Go to Tool page in the panel, then select mask panel, and select e le m s .

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7.
In the graphics area, select one element from the bolt.
8.
Click on e le m s > by a tta che d to select the whole bolt.
9.
Click m a s k to hide them and click re turn.
10.
Go to 1D page and select rigids panel.
11.
Click the selector arrow no de s 2- n: and select m ultiple no de s .
12.
In the rigids panel, for primary node select the node at the end of spring, as shown in
Fig 1 and for nodes 2-n, select the nodes as shown in Fig 2.
Fig 1
Fig 2
13.
With all the DOFs checked, click cre a te to create the rigid body.
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417
14.
Use Steps 3.10 through 3.13 to complete the rigid for the second bolt, as shown below.
15.
Press F5 and click re v e rs e to show remaining elements of the bolt and click re turn to
exit the panel.
16.
Double-click the SPRING component in the model browser to display it onscreen, as

shown below.
17.
Use Steps 3.10 through 3.13 to create a rigid body with the nodes shown in the
following image with the other ends of the springs as the primary node and the nodes on
the bolts as slave nodes.
Step 4: Create and assign material, property to Plate and Support bolts
1.
In the Model Browser, click PLATE , then click E dit from the context sensitive menu.
2.
Make sure card image = is set to Pa rt.
3.
To create and assign material to the component, click the M a te ria l tab.
4.
Check the Assign material check box.
5.
For Name, enter STEEL, set Type to E LASTIC PLASTIC and Card image at
M 2_PLAS_JO H NS_Z E R IL.
6.
Click C re a te m a te ria l.

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7.
Enter the values, as shown below.

Rho_I = 7.83x10- kg/mm3
6
= 205
GPa
Nu
= 0.29
= 0.792
GPa
= 0.510
GPa
= 0.26
EPS_ 1x1030
max
SIG_ = 0.95
max
GPa
= 0.014
EPS_0 = 1.0
8.
s-1
-
R e turn to the component dialog.

The created material is assigned to the component.
9.
To create and assign properties to the component, click on the Pro pe rty tab.
10.
For Name, enter PLATE, set Type to VO LUM E and Card image to P14_SO LID .
11.
Click C re a te pro pe rty .
12.
Select ISO LID and then select 14.
13.
Individually, click i, j, and k, and for each, enter 2.
14.
Click Is m s tr and switch it to 2.
15.
R e turn to the component panel.

The created property is assigned to the parts.
16.
Click Upda te to update the selected parts with new property and material card.
17.
Right-click on the B O LT_SUPPO R T component and select As s ign.
18.
For Material select Steel and for Property select Plate. Click O K to exit the dialog
box.
Step 5: Update properties for Pre-tensioner Spring

1.
Click X Y Plo ts > C urv e E dito r.

A new GUI appears.
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419
2.
Click Ne w....
3.
For Name, enter stiffness in the panel and click pro ce e d.
4.
Ensure that the new curve is selected in the curve list and enter the values as shown
below:
x = {0, 10, 250}
y = {0, 10, 10}
5.
Click Upda te to see the curve in the GUI and click C lo s e to finish entering the curve.
6.
In the Model Browser, select the component Spring > E dit from the context
sensitive menu.
7.
8.
Check As s ign Pro pe rty and enter CELAS1 for the Name.
9.
Set Type = to LINE .
10.
Set Card image = to P32_SPR _PR E .
11.
12.
Enter the values as shown below:
Note:
For IFUN2 select the curve that you created in Steps 5.1 through 5.5.
13. Click re turn twice to exit the panel.

14. Click Upda te to assign the component with property.
Step 6: Defining Boundary Conditions to fix bottom of the

BOLT_SUPPORT
1.
From the Utility browser, start the BCs Manager.

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2.
For Name, enter FIXED, set Select type to B o unda ry C o nditio n and set GRNOD to
No de s .
3.
Click on the nodes, nodes selection appears; by windo w option, select the bottom
layer of the bolt support, as shown below and the selection should appear as below in
XY Plane view:
4.
Fix all translational degrees of freedom.
5. Click C re a te to create the constraint.

The created constraint appears in the table also handle appear in graphics.
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421
Step 7: Defining the load (CLOAD) of the edge of the beam

1.
2.
For Name, enter LOAD, set Select type to C o nce ntra te d Lo a d and set GRNOD to
No de s .
3.
Select the nodes in the edge of the beam as shown in the image below by window
option.
4.
For Direction, select X .
5.
For Scale Y, set -1.0 to apply load in negative X direction.
6.
Click the C re a te / Se le ct curv e tab.

A GUI to enter curve appears.
7.
Create a curve with name LOAD and enter the values as below using the same
procedure explained in Step 5.
x = {0, 10, 25, 250}
y = {0, 0, 0.02, 0.02}
8.
R e turn from the XY curve editor GUI, the created curve is assigned to the BC.
9.
Click cre a te to finish the creation of the load at the selected nodes.
Step 8: Define master surfaces for self contact

1.
Go to Analysis page, click co nta cts urfs panel.
2.
Go to solid faces subpanel.
3.
In Model Browser, using the components display option, display only the parts PLATE
and SUPPORT_BOLT.
4.
For name =, enter Master_Set.
5.
Set card image = to s urfSe g.

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6.
With elems entity selector active and using a left view, select the elements shown in
the graphic area, as shown in the following image:
7. Toggle nodes on face option, and select the nodes belonging to the elements you
selected in the previous sub-step.
8.
Click cre a te .
9.
Step 9: Define slave nodes for self contact

1.
From the Analysis page, select e ntity s e ts panel.
2.
For name =, enter Slave_Set.
3.
Set card image = to G R NO D .
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423
4.
Toggle formula.
5.
Click cre a te .
6.
Select e ntity > co nta cts urfs .
7.
Click co nta cts urf and select M a s te r_Se t.
8.
Click s e le ct > a dd.
9.
Step 10: Define a Type7 contact interface between Plate and

Support_Bolt
1.
Go to Analysis page, click inte rfa ce s panel and toggle the create subpanel.
2.
For name =, enter SELF.
3.
Set type = to TY PE 7.
4.
Set card image = to TY PE 7.
5.
Click cre a te .
6.
Toggle the add subpanel.
7.
For master, use the pull-down and select cs urfs as the entity.
8.
Click the yellow co nta cts s urfs button and select M a s te r_s e t.
9.
Click s e le ct > upda te .
10.
For slave, use the pull-down and select s e ts as the entity.
11.
Click the yellow s e ts button and select Sla v e _Se t.
12.
13.
Toggle the card image subpanel.
14.
Click e dit.
15.
Select Iga p = and select 0.
16.
For FRIC=, enter 0.1 and for GAPmin = , enter 0.04.
17.
Click re turn twice exit the panel.

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Step 11: Create time history to obtain displacement at free end

1.
Go to Analysis page, then go to output block panel.
2.
For name =, enter Deflection and select the node on the free end of the cantilever,
as shown in the following image:
3.
Click cre a te .
4.
Click e dit and enter the variable name DEF.
5. Click re turn twice to exit the panel.
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Step 12: Create output request and control cards

1.
From the Utility browser, select E ngine File .

The following GUI appears.
2.
Enter values as shown in the images below:

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427

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3.

1.
Click File > E xpo rt or click the E xpo rt icon
2.

want to run.
3.
For Name, enter cantilever and click Sa v e .
4.
5.
Click Merge starter and engine file to export both the Starter and Engine file in one
file.
6.
Click E xpo rt to export both model and engine file.
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and navigate to the destination directory where you

429
Step 14: Run the Starter and Engine using RADIOSS Manager
1.
Go to Sta rt > Pro gra m s > Alta ir H y pe rW o rks 12.0 > R AD IO SS.
2.
For Input file, browse to the exercise folder and select the file cantilever_0000.rad.
3.
Post-process the results with HyperView.
4.
Using HyperGraph, open the T01 file and plot the deflection at the free end of the
cantilever.

Altair Engineering
RD-3520: Pre-Processing for Pipes Impact using

RADIOSS Block
For this tutorial it is recommended to complete the introductory tutorial, HM-1000: Getting
Started with HyperMesh. Working knowledge of the creation and editing of collectors and card
images are a definite pre-requisite. Familiarity with the interfaces panel, and the creation of
boundary conditions are useful, although not required.
Objective
In this tutorial you will learn how to set up a RADIOSS input file in HyperMesh for analyzing
the impact response between two pipes. The modeling steps that are covered are:
Creating materials, sections, and parts for the model.
Defining the contact between the two pipes using /INTER/TYPE7.
Applying a translational initial velocity to a pipe using the /INIVEL card.
Applying local constraints to the other pipe using the /BCS card.
Model Description
The units used in this tutorial are milliseconds, millimeters and kilograms (ms, mm, kg), and the
tutorial is based on RADIOSS Block 110.
Pipe model
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431
Exercise

1.
2.
From the Preferences menu, select the Us e r Pro file s or click on the
toolbar.
3.
icon on the
Step 2: Import the solver deck pipesd00

1.
2.
Click O pe n > Im po rt
and browse to select the pipesd00 file.

Notes:
On import of a RADIOSS deck, any HyperMesh warning and error messages are
written to a file named radiossblk.msg. This file is created in the folder from
which HyperMesh is started. The content of the file is also displayed in a pop-up
window.
On import, any RADIOSS cards not supported by HyperMesh are written to the
control card unsupp_cards. This card is accessed from the control cards panel
on the BCs page and is a pop-up text editor. The unsupported cards are
exported with the rest of the model.
Care should be taken if an unsupported card points to an entity in HyperMesh. An
example of this is an unsupported material referenced by a /PART card.
HyperMesh stores unsupported cards as text and does not consider pointers.
On import, HyperMesh renumbers entities having the same ID as other entities. In
HyperMesh, for example, all elements must have a unique ID. The message file
radiossblk.msg provides a list of renumbered elements and their original and new
IDs.
Step 3: Understand the relationships between the /PART, /SHELL, /

MAT and /PROP cards in HyperMesh
A /PART shares attributes such as section properties (/PROP) and a material (/MAT). A group
of shells (/SHELL) sharing common attributes generally share a common part ID (PID).

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The figure below shows how these keywords are mapped to HyperMesh entities:
/SHELL
elem_ID
part_ID
/PART
part_ID
/PROP
prop_ID
Property collector with a property

card image
/MAT
mat_ID
Material collector with a material

card image
prop_ID
Organized into component

collectors
mat_ID
Component collector with a

component card image
Map to HyperMesh Entities

Component, property and material collectors are created and edited from the collectors
panel.
For the RADIOSS keyword interface, there is only one component card image and it is named
Part. There are several property card images, such as P1_SHELL, P2_TRUSS, P14_SOLID.
There are many material card images, such as M1_ELAST, M48_HONEYCOMB.
The complete list of card images is available from the collectors panel, as you assign card
images to the various types of collectors.
A HyperMesh card image allows you to view the image of keywords and data lines for defined
RADIOSS entities as interpreted by the loaded template. The keywords and data lines appear
in the exported RADIOSS input file as you see them in the card images. Additionally, for some
card images, you can define and edit various parameters and data items for the corresponding
RADIOSS Block.
Use the card (card editor) panel from the permanent menu to review and edit card images.
Also, for many entities, their card image can be viewed and edited from the panels in which
they are created.
Step 4: Create a /MAT card

In HyperMesh, a /MAT card is associated to a material collector. To relate it to a /PART card,
the material needs to be assigned to a component.
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433
You can assign the material to the component collector as you create the component using
the create subpanel of the collectors panel or from component create options in the pulldowns and from the Model Browser. In situations where the material was not assigned to
the component at the time of creation (and in this case, a dummy material is created with the
same name as the component collector), update the component collector's definition by
assigning the material in the update subpanel of the collectors panel or from the Assign
option in Model Browser.
In this step, create a material with the M1_ELAST card image using the Model Browser.
This material will be assigned to both pipes.
1.
In the Model Browser, right-click and select C re a te > M a te ria l.

A new dialog is displayed.
2.
For Name, enter elast1.
3.
Select E la s tic for Type and select M 1_E LAST for Card image.
4.
Ensure that C a rd e dit m a te ria l upo n cre a tio n is checked.
5.
Click C re a te .
6.
In the card previewer, click [R ho _Initia l] to activate the field.

For density, specify 7.8 E-6
For Young's modulus [E ], specify 208
For Poisson's ratio [nu], specify 0.30
Note:
If you have difficulties completing any task with the creation, update or editing of
materials in this tutorial, refer to the on-line help for the materials by clicking H e lp
from the permanent menu.
Hint:
Any material that was mistakenly created with wrong values can be edited using the
card image option.
In this step, we created the material we will use for the analysis. We can now define the /
PROP card that will be used to define the properties of the elements in the model.
Step 5: Create a /PROP card

In HyperMesh, the /PROP card is assigned to a property. To generate this card, create a
property collector using either the Pro pe rty icon
in the toolbar or click Pro pe rtie s >
C re a te or from the Model Browser, click C re a te > Pro pe rty .
The model consists of two pipes modeled with shell elements. Create a property with a /PROP/
SHELL card that will be used for all the elements.
1.
In the Model Browser, right-click and select C re a te > Pro pe rty .

2.
For Name, enter prop shell.
3.
For Type, select SUR FAC E .

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4.
For Card image, select P1_SH E LL.
5.
Click C re a te .
6.
Ensure that C a rd e dit pro pe rty upo n cre a tio n is checked.
7.
In the card previewer for the /PROP/SHELL card, enter 2.5 for the shell thickness
[Thick].
Step 6: Assign the /PART, /MAT and /PROP cards to the elements
1.
Assign the /PART card to the component for the coarse pipe and specify the /PROP/
SHELL card ID in it.
2.
Select the components Pipe1 and Pipe2 in the Model Browser and select E dit from
the context menu.
3.
For card image, select PAR T.
4.
Click the Pro pe rty tab, check the box for Assign property.
5.
Choose the pro p s he ll for property.
6.
Click the M a te ria l tab, check the box for Assign material.
7.
For Material, select e la s t 1.
8.
Click upda te .
Step 7: Create Interface/Contact cards

RADIOSS contacts are created in the interfaces panel from the Analysis page or from the
menus, select B C s > C re a te > Inte rfa ce s .
A RADIOSS contact is a HyperMesh group. When you want to manipulate an /INTER card,
such as delete it, renumber it, or turn it off, you need to work with HyperMesh group entities.
In this step, create a contact between the two pipes using /INTER/TYPE7. The pipe with the
coarser mesh (2) will be the master surface while the one with finer mesh (1) will be the
slave surface. RADIOSS has multiple ways to define master and slave entity types from which
to choose; in this example define the master and slave entities as components, doing this the
master will be exported as /SURF/PART and the slave as a /GRNOD/PART.
First create a group interface with the TYPE7 card image using the create subpanel of the
interfaces panel. Next, a dd the master and slave to the group using the add subpanel.
Lastly, edit the groups card image using the card image subpanel, and specify a friction
coefficient.
1.
From the BCs page, select the interfaces panel or click B C s > C re a te > Inte rfa ce s .
2.
Select the create subpanel.
3.
In the name= field, enter contact.
4.
For type=, select TY PE 7.

Automatically TYPE7 is selected for card image.
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435
5.
Optionally select a color.
6.
Click cre a te .
7.
From the interfaces panel, select the add subpanel.
8.
Under master, set the entity type to co m ps :
9.
Click the yellow comps selector and select the coarser pipe component 2.
10.
Click upda te in the master: field, to the right of the yellow comps selector.
11.
For slave:, select co m ps .
12.
Click the yellow co m ps selector in the slave: line and select the finer mesh pipe
component 1.
13.
In the slave: field, click upda te .
14.
Click re v ie w to graphically view the entities in the interface, the master entities of the
interface are drawn in blue and the slave entities in red.
15.
Edit the definition of the group, using the card image subpanel.
16.
From the interfaces panel, select the card image subpanel.
17.
Click e dit to review the card image.
18.
Specify 0.10 for the static coefficient [FRIC].
In this step, we defined the contact between the two pipes as /INTER/TYPE7.
Step 8: Create boundary conditions

Boundary conditions for RADIOSS Block can be efficiently created using the BCs Manager
available on the Utility Browser. The BCs manager can be accessed from the Tools menu.
RADIOSS boundary conditions are mapped to load collector in HyperMesh.
In this step, we will apply a translational initial velocity along Z direction to the coarse pipe
using BCs Manager.
1.
In the BCs manager, enter name as tran_vel and select the type as initia l v e lo city
under the create header.
2.
Click on the Pa rts button, select component 2 from the GUI, and click Pro ce e d.
This creates the entity set of type GRNOD which is referred to in the /INIVEL card.
3.
In the BCs manager, enter the initial velocity components as 0, 0 and -30 for Vx,
Vy and Vz fields.
There is an option for creating/referring the initial velocity card to a local coordinate
system. However, if nothing is specified, the global coordinate system is selected by
default.

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4.

Cross check in the Model Browser for your reference that a load collector and an entity
set are created.
This completes the creation of an initial velocity for the pipe in the negative global Z
direction.
Step 9: Create a /BCS and constrain the finer mesh pipe

In this step, we will fully constrain the end nodes of the bottom pipe by using the Boundary
Conditions Manager.
1.
In the BCs Manager, for the Name enter SPC and set Select type as B o unda ry
C o nditio n.
2.
Now specify the node set of type as G R NO D for the BCS card, switch the entity from
pa rts to No de s and select the end nodes of the bottom pipe, which are to be
constrained.
3.
Under the Boundary condition components subheading (as illustrated below) activate
all the translational and rotational check boxes. Click the C re a te button.
A load collector with a BCS card is created and applied the nodes as selected in the
above steps. A corresponding node set is created.
Step 10: Create output definitions and control cards

1.
In the Utility menu of the Solver Browser, click the E ngine button.
A window appears.
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437
2.
Select the options, as shown below.

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3.
Click Apply > C lo s e to store the selected options for control and output.

1.
2.

you want to run.
3.
For Name, enter pipe and click Sa v e .
4.
5.
Click Merge starter and engine file to export both the Starter and Engine file in one
file.
6.
Click E xpo rt to export the solver deck.
and then navigate to the destination directory where
This concludes this tutorial. You may discard this HyperMesh model or save it for your own
reference.
In this tutorial we introduced some of the concepts that govern the HyperMesh interface to
RADIOSS. We also use numerous panels that allowed us to do basic modeling in terms of
RADIOSS such as defining contacts or boundary conditions.
Final deformation and energy balance plot
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RD-3530: Buckling of a Tube using Half Tube Mesh

This tutorial demonstrates how to simulate buckling of a tube using half tube mesh with
symmetric boundary conditions.
Material and Property Data

Rectangular Section:
38.1 x 25.4 mm
Length:
203 mm
Material:
Steel
Thickness:
0.914 mm
Imposed Velocity:
13.3 mm/ms (~30 MPH)
To reduce the computation time, we are going to use a mesh depicting just half section of
the tube. Since the tube is symmetric, we apply symmetric boundary conditions.
Exercise

1.
2.
toolbar.
3.
icon on the
Step 2: Load the tube_box.hm file

1. From the toolbar, click the O pe n M o de l icon
file.
and browse to select the tube_box.hm
2. Click O pe n.
Step 3: Create Material for the tube

1.
From the Model Browser, right-click and select C re a te > M a te ria l.

2.
For Name, enter MAT1_1.

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3.
Set Type as E LASTO - PLASTIC .
4.
Set the Card image as M 2_PLAS_JO H NS_Z E R IL.
5.
6.
Click C re a te and input the values, as shown below:
7.
Step 4: Create Property for the tube

1.
From the Model Browser, right-click and select C re a te > Pro pe rty
2.
For Name, enter Tube.
3.
Set Type as SUR FAC E .
4.
Set the Card image as P1_SH E LL.
5.
Ensure that C a rd e dit m a te ria l upo n cre a tio n is checked
6.
Click C re a te and input the values, as shown below:
7.
Step 5: Assign material and property to the component

1.
Select the component Tube_box in the Model Browser and right-click and select
As s ign.
2.
For Property, select Tube .
3.
For Material, select M a t1_1.
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441
4.
Click Apply to assign the material.
Step 6: Create Rigid Body

1.
Create a component collector RBODY with no ca rd im a ge .
2.
From the Model Browser, select C re a te > C o m po ne nt.
3.
In the 1D page, select rigids .
4.
Set nodes 2-n to m ultiple no de s .
5.
Set primary node tab to ca lcula te no de .
6.
Select the nodes of one edge to tie all the degrees of freedom, as shown in image
below:
7.
Click cre a te .
Step 7: Create Symmetry Boundary Conditions

1.

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2.
For Name, enter Symmetry, set Select type as B o unda ry C o nditio n and set GRNOD
to No de s .
3.
Click on the nodes, nodes selection appears; by windo w option, select the top layer of
the channel as shown below and the selection should appear as below:
4.
Fix the degrees of freedom for symmetry condition, as shown below:
5.
Click C re a te to create the constraint.

Step 8: Create Imposed Velocity

1.
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443
2.
For Name, enter Velocity, set Select type as Im po s e d Ve lo city and set GRNOD to
No de s .
3.
Select the master node of the RBODY on which the boundary condition needs to be
applied.
4.
Set the Direction as Z.
5.
Click on C re a te / Se le ct curv e to create imposed velocity loading curve.

A new GUI opens.
6.
Click on Ne w... to enter name of the curve.
7.
After entering the name Load, click pro ce e d.

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8.
Enter the X value as 0, 1000.
9.
Enter corresponding Y values as 13.3, 13.3.
10.
Click the cre a te tab to create the constraint.

Step 9: Create boundary condition on the rigid body

1.
From the Utility page, start the BCs manager.
2.
Enter Name as RBODY_constraint , set Select type as bo unda ry co nditio n and set
the GRNOD to No de s .
3.
Select the master node of the RBODY on which the boundary condition need to be
applied.
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445
4.
Fix the degrees of freedom not to allow movement in X and Y direction and no rotation
about Y and Z axis, as shown below.
5.
Click cre a te tab to create the constraint.

Step 10: Create a Rigid Wall

1.
Click To o ls > C re a te ca rds > R W ALL > Pla ne .
2.
Enter a name and click O K.
3.
Click on node tab and select extreme node opposite to rigid body edge.
4.
Click on e dit tab and change the Z value to 10.0 to be away from the channel along the
Z axis.
5.
Set the shape as infinity .

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6.
Set the normal vector using the N1, N2, and N3 options, as shown below.
Ensure that the N3 is not active.
7.
Click upda te button.
8.
Move to the add page.
9.
Set the dist to 30.0 and click upda te .
10.
In the card image panel, set variable FRIC value of 0.20 for friction.
Step 11: Creating a Self Contact to avoid self penetration during impact
1. From the Ana ly s is page, go to the inte rfa ce s panel.
2. Enter the na m e as Self_Interface and the ty pe as TYPE7.
3. Click cre a te and go to the add subpanel.
4. Set the option to co m ps for master entity and select Tube _bo x and click upda te .
5. Set the option to co m ps for slave entity and select Tube _bo x and click upda te .
6. Click re v ie w to show the master and slave in blue and red.
7. Go to the card image and click e dit.
8. Set STFAC = 1, FRIC = 0.20 and Gap_min = 0.90.
9. Click re turn to return from the panel.
Step 12: Create output requests and control cards

1.
In the Utility browser, click E ngine File .

The Radioss Engine File Tool window appears.
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447
2.
Enter the values as shown below.
3.

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1.
2.

want to run.
3.
Enter the name boxtube and click Sa v e .
4.
Click the downward-pointing arrows next to Export options to expand the panel.
5.
Click Auto export engine file to export the engine file with the model file.
6.
Click on E xpo rt to export both model and engine file.
Step 14: Run the solver using RADIOSS Manager

1.
2.
For Input file, browse to the exercise folder and select the file boxtube_0000.rad.
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Step 15: Results analysis in HyperView

Results from HyperView.

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RD-3540: Front Impact Bumper Model using HyperMesh

For this tutorial it is recommended to complete the introductory tutorial HM-1000: Getting
Started with HyperMesh, as well as RD-3520: Pre-Processing for Pipes Impact Using RADIOSS
Block for the basic concepts on the HyperMesh RADIOSS interface.
In this tutorial you will learn how to use HyperMesh to set up a RADIOSS input deck for
analysis of the impact of a bumper against a barrier behind rigid wall. The modeling steps that
are covered are:
Associating /PART, with /MAT and /PROP.
Converting node-to-node connections (/RBODY) into a mesh-less welding formulation
(/INTER/TYPE2 with /SPRING) using HyperMesh connectors.
Defining the contact for the elements in the bumper with an /INTER/TYPE7 card.
Defining the interaction between bumper and barrier with an /INTER/TYPE7 card.
Defining the interaction between barrier and rigid wall with the /RWALL/PLANE and /
BOX cards.
Specify the output of resultant forces for a plane on the left interior and exterior crash
boxes with /SECT.
Creating a /TH/NODE card to output time history for nodes.
The units used in the model are millisecond, millimeter and kilogram (ms, mm, kg), and the
tutorial is based on RADIOSS Block 10.0.
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451
Exercise
The model used consists of a simplified bumper model (see image below):
Bumper model

1.
2.
From the Preferences menu, select the Us e r Pro file s or click the
3.
icon in toolbar.
Step 2: Load the bumper.hm file

1.
2.
Click O pe n.
and browse to select the bumper.hm file.
Step 3: Define vehicle mass component to partially take into account

the inertia properties and mass of the missing parts of the vehicle
1.
Right-click in the Model Browser and click C re a te > C o m po ne nt.
2.
For Name, enter Vehicle mass and click C re a te .
3.
From the Geom page, click on the no de s panel.
4.
In the X field, enter 700.

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5.
In the Y field, enter 0.
6.
In the Z field, enter 170.
7.
Click cre a te to create the node.
8.
Go to the 1D page, and click on rigids .
9.
Click the selector arrow nodes 2-n: and select s e ts .
10.
For primary node, select the node created in the steps above.
11.
Click on s e ts and select the Constrain Vehicle set.
12.
With all the DOFs checked, click cre a te to create the rigid body.
Note:
A spider will be drawn connecting the created node to the edge nodes of the
structure modeled.
13.
Click on the C a rd E dit icon

the rigid bo dy created.
14.
Click e dit.
15.
Fill the mass and inertia information in the card image, as shown in the table below:
Mass
800
JXX
in the toolbar, set the selector to e le m e nts and select
JXY
1.5E+07
-5.0E+03
16.
Set IcoG as 4.
17.
Set Ispher as 0.
18.
JXZ
-8.0E+06
JYY
JYZ
5.0E+07
-900
JZZ
6.0E+07
Step 4: Create a GRNOD/BOX that contains all nodes but the barrier
nodes
1.
Right-click the Solver Browser and select C re a te > G R NO D / B O X .
2.
In the name= field, enter box velocity.
3.
Optionally, select a co lo r.
4.
Toggle lower bound from corner node to x= , y = , z = .
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453
5.
Specify the lower and upper bounds, as follows:

lower bound
upper bound
X=
-530
710
Y=
-800
800
Z=
300
6.
Click cre a te to create the box.
7.
Step 5: Create initial velocity on bumper but the barrier

1.
Click To o ls > B C s M a na ge r.
2.
In the BCs manager, enter Name as tran_vel.
3.
Select the Type as Initia l Ve lo city under the Create header.
4.
Set the entity selector to G R NO D (B O X ).
5.
Click on it and select bo x v e lo city .
6.
Enter -10,0,0 for Vx, Vy and Vz fields, respectively.
7.
Click the C re a te button.
Step 6: Define master surface for contact

1.
Right-click on the Solver Browser and select C re a te > SUR F_E X T > PAR T.
2.
For Name:, enter barrier_surface.
3.
Click on co m ps and select ba rrie r.
4.
Click Se le ct > cre a te .
5.
Right-click on the Solver Browser and select C re a te > SUR F > PAR T.
6.
For Name:, enter bumper_surface.
7.
Click on the co m ps and select bumper, exterior crashbox left, exterior crashbox
right interior crashbox left, and interior crashbox right.
8.
9.
Right-click on the Solver Browser and select C re a te > SUR F > SUR F.
10.
For Name:, enter barrier_bumper_surface.
11.
Click on s e t and select barrier_surface, bumper_surface.

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12.
Step 7: Create self impact contact between parts of the bumper

1.
Right-click on the Solver Browser and select C re a te > INTE R > TY PE 7.
2.
For Name:, enter impact.
3.
Click O K to create the card.
4.
Click re turn to go back to the Interfaces panel.

Stay in the Interfaces panel for the next step.
Step 8: Define the slave and master surface for the contact
1.
Select the add subpanel.
2.
Make sure name= is set to im pa ct.
3.
Set the slave type to co m ps and select bum pe r, inte rio r cra s hbo x and e xte rio r
cra s hbo x.
4.
Click upda te to update the slave selection.
5.
Set the Master type to s e t and select barrier_bumper_surface.
6.
Click upda te to update the master selection.
7.
Click e dit to edit the group.
8.
For the static coefficient, FRIC, enter 0.15.
9.
Set Igap = to 2.
10.
Click re turn to go back to the Interfaces panel.
11.
Step 9: Create a system that specifies the location and the cross
section plane normal
1.
Click on the num be ring icon
2.
Click on no de selector and select by ID .
3.
For the IDs enter 6227, 6224, and 5993.
4.
Check the Display check box on.
5.
Click O n.
Note:
on the toolbar.
Node numbers will appear next to the node for selection in further steps.
6.
From the analysis page, click on the s y s te m s .
7.
Go to the create system by node reference page.
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455
8.
Select Node ID 6224 for Origin.
9.
Select Node ID 6227 for Z axis.
10.
Select Node ID 5993 for YZ plane.
11.
Click cre a te to create a system.
12.
Click the ca rd e dit icon
13.
Set the entity selector to s y s ts .
14.
Select the system and click e dit.
15.
Change the option from Ske w to Fra m e .
16.
Click re turn.
on the toolbar.
Step 10: Create a set of elements that will contribute to the crosssectional force results
1.
Right-click on the Solver Browser and select C re a te > G R SH E L > She l.
2.
In the name= field, enter XsectionPlane-elements.
3.
With the elements selector active, select two rows of element on either side of the
system, as shown in figure below.
4.
Click cre a te to create the set.
5.

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Step 11: Define a section

1.
Right-click on the Solver Browser and select C re a te > SE C T.
2.
In the Name field, enter Xsection_Plane.
3.
Click O K to create the card.
4.
Click the Normal vector drop-down and select the s y s te m s .
5.
Select the system defined in the previous step by clicking on the screen.
6.
Click upda te to update the plane geometry.
7.
Click on Add page.
8.
Change the entity selector to s e ts and click X s e ctio nPla ne - e le m e nts .
9.
Click upda te to update the SET.
10.
Step 12: Select the section for time history output

1.
From the analysis page, click on O utput blo cks .
2.
For name, enter Section_force.
3.
Set the entity selector to G ro ups .
4.
Click on the G ro up and select X s e ctio n_Pla ne .
5.
Click cre a te .
6.
Click e dit to go to the card image.
7.
Change the option from INTE R to SE C T.
8.
Click re turn.
Step 13: Create a GRNOD/BOX containing the nodes making up the

barrier and bumpers left side
These nodes will be slave to the rigid wall.
1.
Right-click on the Solver Browser and select C re a te > G R NO D > B O X .
2.
In the name= field, enter half model.
3.
Optionally, select a co lo r.
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457
4.
Specify the lower and upper bounds, as follows:

lower bound
upper bound
X=
-600
-460
Y=
-800
Z=
400
5.
Click cre a te to create the box.
6.
Step 14: Define a rigid wall

1.
Right-click on the Solver Browser and select C re a te > R W ALL > Pla ne .
2.
In the Name: field, enter wall.
3.
Click O K.
Stay in the Rigid Walls panel for the next step.
Step 15: Define the location and size of the rigid wall
In this subpanel, the rigid walls origin (the tail of the normal vector) is defined by a base
node. Create a node from the create nodes panel by following steps 1-4 below and then
select it for the base node.
1.
Make sure name=, is set to wa ll.
2.
Press the F8 key to enter the create nodes panel.
3.
Select the X Y Z ( \ ) subpanel.
4.
For x=, y= and z=, enter the values 600, -750 and 90, respectively.
5.
Click cre a te .
Notice the node is created and is displayed.
6.
Click re turn to go back to the rigid walls panel, geom subpanel.
7.
With the base node selector active, select the no de that was created in step 5.
8.
Switch normal vector to x- a xis .
9.
Leave shape: set to pla ne .

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10.
Click upda te to update the group.

Stay in the Rigid Walls panel for the next step.
Step 16: Edit the card image for the rigid wall to specify the nodes in
the GRNOD/BOX half model as slave to the rigid wall
1.
2.
Set the entity selector to R AD _B O X .
3.
Select the Card page and click e dit to edit the rigid wall definition.
4.
In the Grnod1BOX field, specify the ID of the box ha lf m o de l.
5.
In the field FRIC, specify 1.0 for the friction coefficient.
6.
Click re turn to go back to the Rigid Walls panel.
7.

1.

2.
Enter the values, as shown below.
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459
3.
Click on ANIM tab and fill in the options, as shown below:

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4.
Click on DT tab and fill in the options as shown below:
5.

1.
2.

want to run.
3.
Enter the name bumper_impact and click Sa v e .
4.
5.
Click Auto e xpo rt e ngine file to export the engine file with the model file.
6.
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461

1.
2.
For Input file, browse to the exercise folder and select the file bumper_impact_0000.
rad.
Step 20 (Optional): View the results in HyperView

The exercise is complete. Save your work to a HyperMesh file.

Altair Engineering
RD-3550: Simplified Car Pole Impact

This tutorial demonstrates how to simulate frontal pole test with a simplified full car.
Model Description
Simulation time: Engine [0 0.06]
An initial velocity of 15600 mm/s is applied on the car model to impact a rigid pole of
radius 250 mm.
Elasto-plastic Material /MAT/LAW2 (Windshield)
Initial Density [Rho_I]
Young's Modulus [E]
Poissons Ratio [nu]
Yield Stress (a)
= 2.5x10-9 ton/mm3
E = 76000 MPa
= 0.3
0 = 192 MPa
K = 200 MPa
n = 0.32
Elasto-plastic Material /MAT/LAW2 (STEEL)

Young's Modulus [E]
Poissons Ratio [nu]
Yield Stress (a)
= 7.9x10-9 ton/mm3
E = 210000 MPa
= 0.3
0 = 200 MPa
K = 450 MPa
n = 0.5
Maximum Stress [SIG_max]
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max = 425 MPa

463
Elasto-plastic Material /MAT/LAW2 (RUBBER)

= 2x10-9 ton/mm3

Young's Modulus [E]
E = 200 MPa
Poissons Ratio [nu]
= 0.49
30 MPa
0 = 1e
Yield Stress (a)

n =1
Exercise

1.
2.
From the Preferences menu, select the Us e r Pro file s or click the
3.
icon on toolbar .
Step 2: Load the fullcar.hm file

1.
2.
Click O pe n.
and browse to select the fullcar.hm file.
Step 3: Create and assign the material for the windshield components
1.
In the Model Browser, select C O M P- PSH E LL3.
2.
Select E dit from the context sensitive menu.

A new dialog opens.
3.
Go to the Material tab.
4.
Check the Assign material box O n.
5.
For Name, enter windshield.
6.
Set Type to E LASTO - PLASTIC .
7.
For Card image, select M 2_PLAS_JO H NS_Z E R IL.

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8.
Card image panel appears, as shown in the image below.
9.
Enter the values, as shown in the card image.
10.
Click re turn to go to the dialog.
11.
Click Upda te to update the selected components with the created material.
Step 4: Create and assign the material for 1D components

1.
In the Model Browser, select C re a te > M a te ria l.
2.
For Name, enter steel.
3.
Set Type to E LASTO - PLASTIC .
4.
For Card image, select M 2_PLAS_JO H NS_Z E R IL.
5.
6.
Click C re a te to create the material and open the card editor.

Card image panel appears, as shown in the image below.
7.
Enter the values, as shown in the card image.
8. Click re turn to go to the dialog.

9. Select C O M - PR O D _8 through C O M P- PR O D _14 in the Model Browser, right-click on
your selection and select As s ign. Select the material Ste e l without changing the
property listing and click O K to update the selected components with the created
material.
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Step 5: Assign material steel for other 2D components

1.
In the Model Browser select all components from C O M P_PSH E LL_1 to

C O M P_PSH E LL_30; except COMP_PSHELL3, COMP_PSHELL16 and COMP_PSHELL20
to COMP_PSHELL23, COMP-PSOLID_24 to COMP-PSOLID_26.
2.
Select As s ign from the context sensitive menu.
3.
For material, select Ste e l.
4.
Click on a s s ign to assign the steel material to the selected components.
Step 6: Create and assign the material for the rubber components
1.
Create a new material named rubber with type M 2_PLAS_JO H NS_Z E R IL.
2.
Edit the rubber material as shown in the card image.
3.
Click re turn to exit the material collector panel.
4.
Click upda te to update the selected components with the created material.
Step 7: Create a Rigid Wall

1.
Enable the Solver Browser by selecting Vie w > B ro ws e rs > H y pe rM e s h > So lv e r, and
right-click C re a te ca rds > R W ALL > PLANE .
2.
For Name, enter Ground, for shape, select infinite pla ne .
3.
Make sure you are in the geom subpanel of Rigid Walls.
4.
Click on ba s e no de and select any node from the model.
5.
Click the e dit button and input X = 0, Y = 0, and Z = -1.
6.
Toggle the switch under normal vector and select co m po ne nts .
7.
Define the normal vector Z= 1.
8.
Click upda te .
9.
Go to the add subpanel, enter a distance of 200 for slave nodes search.
10.

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Step 8: Create a Cylindrical Rigid Wall to represent pole

1.
Click To o ls > C re a te ca rds > R W ALL > C Y L.
2.
For the Name, enter Pole.
3.
Make sure you are in the geom subpanel of Rigid Walls.
4.
Click on ba s e no de and select any node from the model.
5.
Click the e dit button and input X = -320, Y = 1250 and Z = 0.
6.
For radius, enter 250.
7.
R e turn to geom subpanel of Rigid Walls.
8.
Toggle the switch under normal vector and select co m po ne nts .
9.
Define the normal vector Z = 1.
10.
Click upda te .
11.
Go to add subpanel enter a distance of 1500 for slave nodes search.
12.
Step 9: Defining Contact using TYPE 7 interface (Self Contact)

1.
From the BCs menu, select C re a te > Inte rfa ce s or click To o ls > C re a te ca rds >
INTE R > TY PE 7.
2.
3.
For name, enter CAR_CAR.
4.
Set type to TY PE 7.
5.
(Optional) select a color and click cre a te .
6.
For master surface, switch to co m ps .
7.
Hide all the 1D and 3D parts in the model using mask by config browser or Model
Browser property view or Solver Browser PR O P > SH E LL, Is o la te .
8.
Click on pa rts and select a ll displayed.
9.
For slave nodes, select co m ps in the drop-down menu.
10.
Click on pa rts and select a ll in the model.
11.
Click re v ie w to graphically view the entities in the interface.

The master entities of the interface are drawn in blue and the slave entities in red.
12.
Toggle card image and click e dit.
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13.
Input the values, as shown below.
Step 10: Defining Contact using TYPE 7 interface between Engine and
Radiator
1.
From the BCs menu, select C re a te > Inte rfa ce s or click To o ls > C re a te ca rds >
INTE R > TY PE 7.
2.
3.
Specify contact for name as ENGINE_RADIATOR.
4.
Select type as TY PE 7.
5.
(Optionally) select a color and click cre a te .
6.
Define the master using the add subpanel.
7.
For master surface, switch to s e ts in the drop-down menu and click e dit to go to the
entity sets panel.
8.
Select s o lid fa ce s for contact surf.
9.
For name, enter engine and set the card image to SUR F_E X T.
10.
Set the entity selector to C o m ps and select co m p- ps o lid_24 (engine).
11.
Click C re a te to create the set and a dd to add the comps to the entity set.
12.
Click R e turn to come back to add page of the interface panel.
13.
Click on Upda te to update the master selection.
14.
For slave set the entity selector to co m ps and select co m p- ps o lid_26 (radiator).
15.
Click Upda te to update the slave selection.
16.
Toggle card image and click e dit.

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17.
Input the values, as shown below:
Step 11: Defining initial velocity

1.
From the Utility browser, start the B C s M a na ge r.
2.
For Name, enter 35MPH, set Select type as Initia l Ve lo city and set GRNOD to Pa rts .
3.
Click on the Pa rts and select a ll in the model.
4.
Set the Vx as 15600.
5.
Click C re a te to create the boundary condition and boundary condition appears in the
table.
Step 12: Create Time History Nodes

1.
Isolate the rail parts using Model Browser or Solver Browser with virtual collector.
2.
Click To o ls > C re a te ca rds > TH > NO D E .
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3.
For name =, enter Rail and select nodes on the Rail, as shown below.
4.
Click cre a te , followed by e dit.
5.
In the Var: field, enter DEF.
6.
Step 13: Allocate Required Memory

1.
Click To o ls > C re a te ca rds > C O NTR O L C AR D S > M E M O R Y .
2.
Click on M e m o ry R e q and input NMOTS as 75000.
3.
Click re turn.
Step 14: Create output requests

1.


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2.
In the GENERAL tab, enter the values, as shown in the following image.
3.
Click Apply .
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4.
In the ANIM tab, enter values as shown in the following image:
5.

1.
2.

want to run.
3.
Enter the name fullcar and click Sa v e .
4.

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5.
6.

1.
2.
For Input file, browse to the exercise folder and select the file fullcar_0000.rad.

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RD-3560: Bottle Drop

This tutorial demonstrates how to simulate a Bottle Drop Test containing water and air. The
objective is to evaluate the diffusivity of water and air in the bottle on drop.
Exercise

1.
2.
3.
icon in toolbar.
Step 2: Load the bottle.hm file

1. From the toolbar, click the O pe n M o de l icon
and browse to select the bottle.hm file.
2. Click O pe n.
Step 3: Define Materials for Air and Water

1.
From the Model Browser, right-click C re a te > M a te ria l.
2.
For Name, enter Air.
3.
For Type, select FLUID .
4.
For Card image, select M 37_B IPH AS.
5.
Click C re a te .
6.

Dont forget to select ALE under ALE CFD Formulation.

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7.
R e turn to the main menu.
8.
Similarly create a material with the name Water using Steps 3.1 to 3.6.
9.
Step 4: Load stress-strain curve from a file

To create the material for bottle (plastic) we need a stress strain curve that is available in a
file from test.
1.
Click X Y Plo ts > C re a te > Plo ts .
2.
Enter the name, stress-strain and click cre a te plo t > re turn.
3.
Click X Y Plo ts > E dit > C urv e s .
4.
Toggle cre a te radio button.
5.
Click the lo a d... button to load the s tre s s - s tra in curv e .txt file.
6.
Check the y radio button, click the green + to the right of co m p= and set it to y.
7.
The data in the file is loaded as a curve in HyperMesh.
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Step 5: Define Material for Bottle

1.
From the Model Browser, right-click C re a te > M a te ria l.
2.
For Name, enter Plastic.
3.
For Type, select E LASTO - PLASTIC .
4.
For Card image, select M 36_PLAS_TAB .
5.
Click C re a te .
6.
Select the stress-strain curve we created for I_func1.
7.
Click re turn.
Step 6: Define property and assign material for air

1.
Select the component Air, click E dit from the context sensitive menu.
2.
Click the Pro pe rty tab.
3.
Check the Assign property box on.
4.
For Name, enter Air and for Type, select VO LUM E .
5.
For Card image, select P14_SO LID and click on C re a te pro pe rty .
6.
Click R e turn to return to the panel.
7.
8.
Check the Assign material box on.
9.
For Name, select Air.

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10.
Click Upda te to material and property assignment.
Step 7: Define property and assign material for Water

1.
Select the component Water, click E dit from the context sensitive menu.
2.
3.
4.
For Name, enter Water and for Type, select VO LUM E .
5.
6.
Click R e turn to return to the panel.
7.
8.
9.
For Name, select W a te r.
10.
Step 8: Define property and assign material for Bottle

1.
Select the component Bottle, click E dit from the context sensitive menu.
2.
3.
4.
For Name, enter bottle and for Type, select SUR FAC E .
5.
For Card image, select P1_SH E LL and click on C re a te pro pe rty .
6.
Set Ishell to 24.
7.
Set N to 5.
8.
For Thick, enter 0.3.
9.
Click re turn to come back to the panel.
10.
11.
12.
For Name, select B o ttle .
13.
Step 9: Define an Interface between Bottle and Liquid

1.
Go to the Analysis page and enter the interfaces panel and input, as shown below.
2.
For name, enter Bottle_Liquid, and for type, select TY PE 1.
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3.
Click cre a te .
4.
Now toggle the add button, update the contact surfaces.
5.
Set the master entity selection to the co m ps and select the component bottle and
click upda te .
6.
Set the slave entity selection to the s e ts and click e dit to go to the entitysets panel.
7.
For name, enter ALE_Surf with card image as s urf_E X T.
8.
Set entity selector to C o m ps and select wa te r and a ir and click cre a te .
9.
Click re turn to return to the Interface panel.
10.
Click Se t yellow tab and select the created set and click upda te .
11.
Click re turn to finish creation of interface.
Step 10: Create Initial Velocity for bottle

1.
Click To o ls > B C s M a na ge r.
2.
For Name, enter Bottle.
3.
Click Pa rts and select bo ttle .
4.
Set the Vz velocity to -5468.200 (Negative direction indicating opposite to Global Z

axis).
5.
Click C re a te to create the imposed velocity boundary condition.

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Step 11: Create Initial Velocity for water and air

1. From the Utility browser, start the BCs Manager.
2. For Name, enter Liquid, set Select type as Initia l Ve lo city and set the GRNOD to
Pa rts .
3. Click pa rts and select wa te r and a ir.
4. Set the Vz velocity to -5468.200 (Negative direction indicating opposite to Global Z
axis).
5. Click cre a te to create the imposed velocity boundary condition.
6. Select the cre a te d initia l v e lo city on the table, right-click and select e dit.
7. Change the type to T+ G and click re turn to complete the definition.
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Step 12: Create Rigid Wall

1.
Go to the Analysis page and enter the Rigid Walls panel.
2.
For name, enter GROUND with Type and Card Image as R W ALL and create.
3.
Press the F8 Key, and create the node at the coordinates: X= 0, Y= 0, Z= -50 and
cre a te node.
4.
Go to geom subpanel and select this node as base node and make sure the normal
vector is in the z-direction, as shown below and click upda te .
5.
Go to add subpanel, set the dist = to 250.0.
6.

1.
In the Utility menu, click R AD IO SS To o ls > E ngine File .

The RADIOSS Engine File Tool window appears.
2.
Input the values in the GENERAL, ANIM and DT windows, as shown below:

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3.

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4.
Go to Analysis page and enter the Control Cards panel. The following control cards
need to be enabled:
5.
For the MemoryReq Card, input NMOTS = 40000.
6.
For cards Spmd, IOFlagCard, and AnalysisFlags leave the defaults.
7.
For the ALE_CFD_SPH card, check ALE_Grid_Velocity option on and leave the
defaults:

1.

Desktop).
2.

(for standalone) or
3.
For Name, enter bottle and click Sa v e .
4.
5.
Click Merge starter and engine file to export all the data in one file.
6.
Click E xpo rt to export solver deck.
(for standalone) or
(for HyperWorks

1.
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2.
For Input file, browse to the exercise folder and select the file bottle_0000.rad.


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RD-3570: Explosion
The objective of this tutorial is to simulate an explosion with high pressure air using multiphase material law (Law 51). In this model, the explosive is high pressure air which is
surrounded by water. The water is encircled with a row of boundary elements. On the upper
surface of the water there is a metallic plate. Boundary conditions are applied on the
boundary elements.
Exercise

1.
2.
3.
icon in toolbar.
Step 2: Load the explosion.hm file

1.
From the toolbar, click the O pe n M o de l icon

hm file.
2.
Click O pe n.
and browse to select the explosion.
Step 3: Define and assign Material, Property to component C4

1.
From the Model Browser, select component C4 and select E dit from context sensitive
menu.
2.
Make sure card image is set to Pa rt.
3.
Click on the M a te ria l tab to create material.
4.
5.
For name, enter high-pressure-air.
6.
For type, select O TH E R and for card image, select M LAW 51 and click C re a te
M a te ria l.

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7.

8.
Click re turn to go back to the dialog.
9.
Click on the Pro pe rty tab to create a property.
10.
11.
For name, enter solids and for type, select VO LUM E .
12.
For card image, select P14_SO LID and click on C re a te Pro pe rty .
13.
14.
Click upda te to update the component with the newly created property and material.
Step 4: Define and assign Material, Property to component Air

1.
From the Model Browser, select component Air and select E dit from context sensitive
menu.
2.
3.
4.
5.
For name, enter air.
6.
M a te ria l.
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487
7.

8.
Click re turn to go back to the component collector.
9.
Click on pro pe rty = and select s o lids created in previous step.
10.
Step 5: Define and assign Material, Property to component boundary

1.
From the Model Browser, select component bo unda ry and select E dit from context
sensitive menu.
2.
3.
4.
5.
For name, enter boundary.
6.
M a te ria l.

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7.

8.
9.
10.
11.
Select So lids created in previous step.
12.
Step 6: Define and assign Material, Property to component metallic

frame
1.
From the Model Browser, select component bo unda ry and select E dit from context
sensitive menu.
2.
3.
4.
5.
For name, enter boundary.
6.
For type, select E LASTIC _PLASTIC and for card image, select M 2_PLAS_JO H NS and
click C re a te M a te ria l.
7.
8.
9.
10.
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489
11.
Select So lids created in previous step.
12.
Step 7: Create Boundary Conditions on outermost faces of solid comps

1.
From the Utility browser, start the B C s M a na ge r.
2.
For Name, enter constraints, set Select type as B o unda ry C o nditio n and set
GRNOD to No de s .
3.
Click on a node on the bottom face and on the side, as shown below:

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4.
Click the No de s tab again and select by Fa ce .

Now HyperMesh will automatically select all nodes on both the faces, as shown below.
5.
Fix all the translational degrees of freedom for the selected node.
6.
Click C re a te to create the boundary condition and boundary condition appears in the
table.
7.
Select the bo unda ry co nditio n in the table, right-click and select ca rd e dit.
8.
Check on the box for ALE_BCS option to make the boundary condition of ALE type.
Step 8: Creating output requests and control cards

1.
In the Utility menu, click R a dio s s To o ls > E ngine File .

The RADIOSS Engine File tool window appears.
2.
Input the values in the GENERAL , ANIM and DT windows, as shown below:
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3.
4.
need to be enabled:
5.
For the TitleCard, enter the name EXPLOSION.
6.
For the MemoryReq Card, input NMOTS = 40000.
7.
For the cards Spmd, IOFlagCard, and AnalysisFlags leave the defaults.

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8.
For the ALE_CFD_SPH card, enter the values, as shown below:

1.

Desktop).
2.

(for standalone) or
3.
For name, enter explosion and click Sa v e .
4.
5.
Click Merge starter and engine file to export all data in one file.
6.
Click E xpo rt to export solver deck.
(for standalone) or
(for HyperWorks

1.
2.
For Input file, browse to the exercise folder and select the file explosion_0000.rad.

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RD-3580: Boat Ditching
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Boat Ditching with Boundary Elements

The objective of this tutorial is to simulate Boat Ditching with Boundary Elements to represent
continuous water using bi-phase material law (Law 37). In this model, the top chamber is air,
lower chamber is water surrounded by boundary elements. Law 37 is used for air, water and
boundary. Boundary conditions are applied on each surface of boundary in the normal
direction. An interface between fluid and boat (CEL) is defined to manage the contact.
Exercise

1.
2.
3.
icon in toolbar.
Step 2: Load the boat_ditching_1.hm file

1.

boat_ditching_1.hm file.
2.
Click O pe n.
and browse to select the
Step 3: Define and assign Material, Property to component AIR

1.
From the Model Browser, select component Air, then select E dit from the context
sensitive menu.
2.
Make sure Card image is set to Pa rt.
3.
4.
5.
For Name, enter air.
6.
For Type, select FLUID and for Card image, select M 37_B IPH AS and click C re a te
m a te ria l.

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7.

8. Click re turn to go back to the dialog.

9. Click on the Pro pe rty tab to create a property.
10. Check the Assign property box on.
11. For Name, enter Air and for Type, select VO LUM E .
12. For Card image, select P14_SO LID and click on C re a te pro pe rty .
13. Click re turn to go back to the dialog.
14. Click Upda te to update the component with the newly created property and material.
Step 4: Define and assign Material, Property to component WATER

1.
From the Model Browser, select component W a te r, then select E dit from the context
sensitive menu.
2.
3.
4.
5.
For Name, enter water.
6.
m a te ria l.
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499
7.

8.
Click re turn to return to the dialog.
9.
10.
11.
For Name, enter Water and for Type, select VO LUM E .
12.
13.
14.
Click Upda te to update the component with the newly created property and material.
Step 5: Define and assign Material, Property to component BOAT

1.
From the Model Browser, select component B o a t, then select E dit from the context
sensitive menu.
2.
3.
4.
5.
For Name, enter boat.
6.
For Type, select E LASTIC and for Card image, select M 1_E LASTIC and click C re a te
m a te ria l.
7.

Density = 7.83E-06 kg/mm3
Youngs Modulus = 210 GPa
Poissons ratio = 0.3

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8.
9.
10.
11.
For Name, enter Boat and for Type, select SUR FAC E .
12.
For Card image, select P1_SH E LL and click on C re a te pro pe rty .
13.
For thickness (THICK), enter 1.00.
14.
Set Ishell as 24 and Number of integration points (N)= as 5.
15.
16.
Step 6: Define and assign Material, Property to component Air-BC

1.
From the Model Browser, select component Air- B C , then select E dit from the context
sensitive menu.
2.
3.
4.
5.
For Name, enter Air-BC.
6.
m a te ria l.
7.

8.
9.
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501
10.
11.
Click on pro p and select the property AIR already defined.
12.
Step 7: Define and assign Material, Property to component Water-BC

1.
From the Model Browser, select component W a te r- B C , then select E dit from the
context sensitive menu.
2.
3.
4.
5.
For Name, enter water-BC.
6.
m a te ria l.
7.

8.
9.
10.
11.
Click on pro p and select the property wa te r already defined.
12.
Step 8: Define an Interface between Boat and Fluid

1.
Click To o ls > C re a te C a rds > ALE - SPH - C FD > INTE R _TY PE 18.

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2.
In the name = field, enter Boat-Fluid and press ENTER.

This will take you to the Card image of the /INTER/TYPE18 card.
3.
Set Istf to 1, STFAC to 0.001 and GAP = 22.5.

Note:
GAP value is 1.5 times the average element size of the ALE component.
4.
Click re turn to go to the add panel.
5.
Set the master selection to co m ps and select the bo a t co m po ne nt.
6.
Click upda te to update the selection.
7.
Set the slave selection to co m ps and select all the components, except boat.
8.
9.
Click re v ie w to review the selections.
Step 9: Create RBODY for the Boat and assign mass to the Master
Node
1.
Isolate the boat part using the Solver Browser right-click option or from Model
Browser.
2.
Click R B O D Y M a na ge r in the Utility panel on the left side of HyperMesh window or from
the pull-down menu, select To o ls > R bo dy M a na ge r.
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503
3.
For Title:, enter boat-rigid, make sure that the Master node: is set to C a lcula te No de
and set the Slave node(s): to Pa rts and select the Boat.
4.
Click C re a te to create the RBODY.

The created RBODY appears in the table.
5.
Select the created R B O D Y in the table and click on the E dit ca rd icon
the card image panel.
6.
Assign a mass of 23.04 kg to the boat.
7.
Click re turn to return from the card image panel.
8.
Click clo s e to close the RBODY manager.
to take it to
Step 10: Create Initial Velocity

1.
Click B C s M a na ge r in the Utility panel or click To o ls > B C s M a na ge r.
2.
For Name, enter Boat.
3.
For Select type, select Initia l Ve lo city .
4.
Set GRNOD to No de s .
5.
Click on the Node tab and select the master node of the RBODY created in the
previous step.
6.
Set Z velocity (VZ) to -11.0 indicating velocity opposite to global Z axis.

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7.
Click cre a te to create the initial velocity boundary condition.
Step 11: Create Boundary Conditions on outermost faces

1.
2.
Bring back all the parts in the graphics using show option in Model/Solver Browser, go
to v ie w.
3.
For Name, enter Constraint-x.
4.
For Select type, select B o unda ry co nditio n.
5.
6.
Click on the No de tab and select a node on either side parallel to x-axis.
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505
7.
Then click on the no de s yellow tab and selected B y fa ce .

HyperMesh will automatically select nodes on the face, as shown in figure.
8.
Check Tx box to constraint translation in X direction.
9.
Click cre a te to create the constraint.
10.
Follow the same procedure (step 1-7) but create constraint in Y direction on the sides
parallel to Y plane of global axis.
11.
Follow the same procedure (step 1-7) but create constraint in Z direction on the sides
parallel to Z plane of global axis.

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Step 12: Creating control cards and output requests

1.

2.
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3.
4.
need to be enabled:
5.
For the TitleCard, enter the name BOAT DITCH1.
6.
For the MemoryReq card, input NM O TS = 40000.
7.

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8.
For the ALE_CFD_SPH card, check the ALE_Grid_Velocity box and leave it on.

1.

Desktop).
2.

(for standalone) or
3.
For name, enter boatditching_1 and click Sa v e .
4.
5.
Click M e rge s ta rte r a nd e ngine file to export one solver deck.
6.
Click on E xpo rt to export solver deck.
(for standalone) or
(for HyperWorks

1.
2.
For Input file, browse to the exercise folder and select the file boatditching_1_0000.
rad.

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Boat Ditching without Boundary Elements

The objective of this tutorial is to simulate Boat Ditching without Boundary Elements. So
there is no boundary to represent continuous water. Basically, we are simulating BoatDitching in an enclosed volume. In this model, the top chamber is air (including its outer
layer), lower chamber is water (including its outer layer). Bi-Phase material Law 37 was used
to model air and water. Boundary conditions are applied on each surface of boundary in the
normal direction. An interface between fluid and boat (CEL) is defined to manage the
contact.
Exercise

1.
2.
3.
icon in toolbar.
Step 2: Load the boat_ditching_2.hm file

1.

boat_ditching_2.hm file.
2.
Click O pe n.
and browse to select the

1.
From the Model Browser, select component Air , then select E dit from the context
sensitive menu.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
m a te ria l.

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7.

8.
9.
10.
11.
For name, enter Air and for type, select VO LUM E .
12.
13.
14.

1.
sensitive menu.
2.
3.
4.
5.
For name, enter water.
6.
For type, select FLUID and for card image, select M 37_B IPH AS and click C re a te
M a te ria l.
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513
7.

8.
9.
10.
11.
For name, enter Water and for type, select VO LUM E .
12.
13.
14.
Step 5: Define and assign Material, Property to component BOAT

1.
From the Model Browser, select component B o a t, then select E dit from the context
sensitive menu.
2.
3.
4.
5.
For name, enter boat.
6.
For type, select E la s tic and for card image, select M 1_E LASTIC and click C re a te
M a te ria l.
7.
Input the values, as below.

Density = 7.83E-06 kg/mm3
Youngs Modulus = 210 GPa

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8.
Click re turn to return to the component collector.
9.
Click on cre a te pro p tab to create property.
10.
For name =, enter BOAT and for type =, select SUR FAC E .
11.
12.
13.
14.
For name, enter Boat and for type, select SUR FAC E .
15.
For card image , select P1_SH E LL and click on C re a te Pro pe rty .
16.
For thickness (THICK), enter 1.00.
17.
Set Ishell as 24 and Number of integration points (N)= 5.
18.
19.
Step 6: Define an Interface between Boat and Fluid

1.
Click To o ls > C re a te C a rds > ALE - SPH - C FD > INTE R _TY PE 18.
2.
In the name = field, enter Boat-Fluid and press ENTER.

This will take you to the Card image of the /INTER/TYPE18 card.
3.
Set Istf to 1, STFAC to 0.001 and GAP = 22.5.

Note:
4.
Click re turn to go to the add panel.
5.
Set the master selection to co m ps and select the bo a t co m po ne nt.
6.
7.
Set the slave selection to co m ps and select all the components, except boat.
8.
Step 7: Create RBODY for the Boat and assign mass to the Master
Node
1.
Isolate the boat part using the Solver Browser right-click option or from Model
Browser.
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515
2.
Click R B O D Y M a na ge r in the Utility panel on the left side of HyperMesh window or from
the pull-down menu, select To o ls > R bo dy M a na ge r.
3.
For Title:, enter boat-rigid, make sure that the Master node: is set to C a lcula te
No de and set the Slave node(s): to Pa rts and select the Boat.
4.
Click C re a te to create the RBODY.

The created RBODY appears in the table.
5.
Select the created R B O D Y in the table and click on the E dit ca rd icon
the card image panel.
6.
Assign a mass of 23.04 kg to the boat.
7.
Click re turn to return from the card image panel.
8.
Click clo s e to close the RBODY manager.
to take it to
Step 8: Create Initial Velocity

1.
2.
For Name, enter Boat.
3.
For Select type, select Initia l Ve lo city .
4.
5.
Click on the No de tab and select the master node of the RBODY created in the
previous step.

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6.
Set Z velocity (VZ) to -11.0 indicating velocity opposite to global Z axis.
7.
Click cre a te to create the initial velocity boundary condition.
Step 9: Create Boundary Conditions on outermost faces

1.
2.
Bring back all the parts in the graphics using show option in M o de l/ So lv e r bro ws e r, go
to view.
3.
For Name, enter Constraint-x.
4.
For Select type, select B o unda ry C o nditio n.
5.
6.
Click on the No de tab and select a node on either side parallel to x-axis.
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517
7.
Then click on the nodes yellow tab and select B y fa ce .

HyperMesh will automatically select nodes on the face, as shown in figure.
8.
Check Tx box to constraint translation in X direction.
9.
10.
Follow the same procedure (step 1-7) but create constraint in Y direction on the sides
parallel to Y plane of global axis.
11.
Follow the same procedure (step 1-7) but create constraint in Z direction on the sides
parallel to Z plane of global axis.

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Step 10: Creating control cards and output requests

1.

2.
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521
3.
4.
need to be enabled:
5.
For the TitleCard, enter the name BOAT DITCH1.
6.
For the MemoryReq card, input NMOTS = 40000.
7.

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8.
For the ALE_CFD_SPH card, check the ALE_Grid_Velocity box and leave it on.

1.

Desktop).
2.

(for standalone) or
3.
For name, enter boatditching_2 and click Sa v e .
4.
5.
6.
(for standalone) or
(for HyperWorks

1.
2.
For Input file, browse to the exercise folder and select the file boatditching_2_0000.
rad.

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RD-3590: Fluid Flow through a Rubber Clapper Valve

The objective of this tutorial is to simulate the flow of water through a rubber valve using an
inlet option in multi-phase material law (Law 51). In this model the top chamber is air, the
lower chamber is water, and the bottom row of elements is the inlet. Law 51 is used for air,
water and inlet. Boundary conditions are applied on each surface of fluid in its normal
direction. An interface between fluid and rubber (CEL) is defined to manage the contact.
Exercise

1.
2.
3.
icon in toolbar.
Step 2: Load the valve.hm file

1.

file.
2.
Click O pe n.
and browse to select the valve.hm
Step 3: Creating curves for pressure_inlet

1.
2.
In the Curve editor window, click Ne w.
3.
For the curve name, enter pressure_inlet and click pro ce e d.
4.
From the Curve editor window, select the pre s s ure _inle t from the curve list.
5.
Enter the X and Y coordinates, as shown below.

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6.
Click Upda te .
Note: Follow Steps 3.1 - 3.6 to create density curve with values shown below.
7.
Click C lo s e .
Step 4: Define and assign Material, Property to component inlet

1.
From the Model Browser, expand Component.
2.
Select component inle t, then select E dit from the context sensitive menu.
3.
4.
5.
6.
For Name, enter inlet-water.
7.
For Type, select O TH E R and for Card image, select M LAW 51 and click C re a te
m a te ria l.
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525
8.

9.
Click re turn to return to the component dialog.
10.
11.
Check the As s ign pro pe rty box on.
12.
For Name, enter solids and for Type, select VO LUM E .

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13.
For Card image, select P14_SO LID and click on C re a te property.
14.
15.

1.
From the Model Browser, select component Air, then select E dit from the context
sensitive menu.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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527
6.
For Type, select O TH E R and for Card image, select M LAW 51 and click C re a te
m a te ria l.
7.


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8.
To the right of Pmin(2) and Pmin(3), verify that the fields C0(2) and CO(3) are set
to 1.00e - 04.
9.
10.
11.
12.
For Name, select s o lids .
13.

1.
sensitive menu.
2.
3.
4.
5.
For Name, enter water.
6.
Check the Same as box.
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529
7.
Select material Air and click C re a te m a te ria l.
8.
Change the Rho_Initial to 1.000e-06.
9.
Set C0(1) to 1.0e-04.
10.
Change the value for Alpha(1) to 1.0 and Alpha(2) to 0.0.
11.
12.
13.
14.
For Name, select s o lids .
15.
Step 7: Define and assign Material, Property to component Rubber

1.
From the Model Browser, select component rubbe r, then select E dit from the context
sensitive menu.
2.
3.
4.
5.
For Name, enter rubber.

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6.
For Type, select E LASTIC and for Card i m a ge , select M 1_E LAST and click C re a te
m a te ria l.
7.
Enter the following properties:

Density = 1e-6 kg/mm3
Youngs Modulus = 0.7
8.
9.
10.
11.
For Name, enter rubber and for Type, select VO LUM E .
12.
13.
Set ISOLID = 12, click re turn to go to the component dialog.
14.
Step 8: Define an Interface between Rubber and Fluid

1.
Go to Analysis page and enter the interfaces panel and input, as shown below or click
To o ls > C re a te ca rds > ALE - SPH - C FD > INTE R _TY PE 18.
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2.
For name =, enter rubber-fluid, and for type =, select TY PE 18.
3.
4.
Input the values, as shown below and click re turn.
Note:
5.
Set Istf to 1.
6.
Click re turn.
7.
Now select the add subpanel.
8.
Set the master entities to s e ts and click on e dit to go to the entitysets panel.
9.
For name, enter rubber-surf, with card image as SUR F_E X T.
10.
Select the rubber component by clicking on the co m ps .
11.
Click cre a te and return to add page of interface.
12.
Click upda te to add the created set as master.
13.
Set the slave entities to C o m ps and select all the comps, except rubber/clapper.
14.
Step 9: Create Boundary Conditions on outermost faces of solid comps

1.
From the Utility page, select B C s M a na ge r.
2.
For Name, enter constraint-X, set Select type as B o unda ry C o nditio n and set the
GRNOD to No de s .
3.
Click on No de s and select a node for each outer face parallel to x-axis.

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4.
Click on No de s in the panel and select by fa ce .

HyperMesh will automatically select all nodes in the face.
5. Click cre a te .
6. Repeat Steps 1-5 to create Boundary conditions on Y and Z faces (see image below for
reference).
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533
7. Check the box Ty in order to constrain the translational d.o.f in Y-direction, as shown
below:
Boundary conditions for Y axis
8.
Check the box next to Tz in order to constrain the translational d.o.f in Z-direction, as
shown below:
Boundary conditions for Z axis
Step 10: Create Boundary Condition to fix one end of the rubber
1.
From the Utility page, start the B C s M a na ge r.
2.
For Name, enter Fix-rubber, set Select type to B o unda ry C o nditio n and set the
GRNOD to No de s .

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3.
Select all the nodes on the edge of the clapper, as shown below.
4.
Constraint all the translational degrees of freedom.
5.
Step 11: Create output requests an control cards

1.

2.
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537
3.
4.
need to be enabled:
5. For the TitleCard, enter the name CLAPPER.

6. For the MemoryReq card, input NMOTS = 40000.
7. For the cards Spmd, IOFlagCard, and AnalysisFlags leave the defaults.

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8. For the ALE_CFD_SPH card, enter the values, as shown below:

1.
2.
For File:, click the folder icon and navigate to the destination directory where you want
to run.
3.
For name, enter clapper and click Sa v e .
4.
5.
Click M e rge s ta rte r a nd e ngine file to export solver deck as one file.
6.

1.
2.
For Input file, browse to the exercise folder and select the file CLAPPER_0000.rad.
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539
RD-3595: Three Point Bending with HyperMesh

This tutorial demonstrates how to set up 3-point bending model with symmetric boundary
conditions in Y direction.
Model Description
Simulation time: in Engine file [0 6.601e-002 s]
Only one half of the model is modeled because it is symmetric.
The supports are totally fixed. An imposed velocity of 1000 mm/s is applied on the
Impactor in the (Z) direction
Model size = 370mm x 46.5mm x 159mm
Honeycomb Material /MAT/LAW28: HONEYCOMB
= 3.0e-10 ton/mm
[E11], [E22] and [E33] Youngs modulus
Eij = 200 MPa
[G11], [G22] and [G33] Shear modulus
Gij = 150 MPa
Elasto-Plastic Material /MAT/LAW36: Inner, Outer and Flat

= 7.85-9 ton/mm3
E = 210000 MPa
= 0.29

[E] Youngs modulus

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Strain Curve:
0
STR
AIN
STR 325
ESS
0.01 0.01
2002 4003
0.01
8003
0.022
002
0.0260
03
0.030
006
0.03
2
0.03
300
5
0.0335
23
335.
968
349.
245
358.6
49
372.30
9
383.9
25
388.
109
389.
292
389.50
6
3437
83
Elastic Material /MAT/PLAS_JOHNS: Impactor

= 8e-9 ton/mm3
E = 208000 MPa
= 0.29

[E] Youngs modulus
Exercise
Step 1: Load the RADIOSS User Profile

1.
2.
3.
icon in toolbar.
Step 2: Retrieve the RADIOSS file

1.
Click File > Im po rt > So lv e r D e ck
2.
Click the Se le ct File icon, navigate to the correct directory, and select BENDING_0000.
rad.
3.
Click Im po rt.
4.
Click C lo s e to close the window.
Step 3: Create and Assign material and property for HCFOAM

1.
From the Model Browser, select H C Fo a m , then select e dit from the context
sensitive menu.
2.
3.
4.
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541
5.
For mat name, enter Foam.
6.
Set type to O TH E R, then for card image, select M 28_H O NE Y C O M B .
7.
8.
Input the following values:

Rho_I: 3.000e-10
E11: 200.000
E22: 200.000
E33: 200.000
G12: 150.000
G23: 150.000
G31: 150.000

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9.
Click re turn to exit the panel and return to component dialog.
10.
Click on the Pro pe rty tab to create property.
11.
12.
For prop name, enter Foam.
13.
Set type to VO LUM E .
14.
Select card image and set to P14_SO LID .
15.
16.

qa: 0.000
qb: 0.000
h: 0.000
deltaT_min: 0.000
17.
18.
Click upda te to update the component with created property and material.
Step 4: Create and Assign material and property for the component
Inner
1.
From the Model Browser, select Inne r, then select e dit from the context sensitive
menu.
2.
3.
4.
5.
For mat name, enter Inner.
6.
For type, select E LASTO - PLASTIC ., then for card image select M 36_PLAS_TAB .
7.
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543
8.

Rho_I: 7.85e-09
E: 210000.000
nu: 0.290
EPS_max: 0.000
EPS_t1: 0.000
C_hard: 0.000
Fcut: 0.000
Epsilon_F: 0.000
alpha1: 1.000
9.
Click re turn to exit the panel and return to component dialog.
10.
11.
12.
For prop name, enter Inner.
13.
Set type to SUR FAC E , then for card image, select P1_SH E LL.
14.
For thickness, enter 9.119e-01.
15.
16.

Hm: 0.00
Hf: 0.00
Hr: 0.00
Dm: 0.00
Thick: 9.119e-01
Ashear: 0.000

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17.
18.
Outer
1.
From the Model Browser, select O ute r, then select e dit from the context sensitive
menu.
2.
3.
4.
5.
For name, enter Outer.
6.
Check the Same as check box on.
7.
Select Inne r.
8.
Click the C re a te m a te ria l to create the material Outer.
9.
Click re turn to come back to the dialog.
10.
11.
12.
For pro p na m e , enter Outer.
13.
Check the Same as check box on.
14.
Select Inne r.
15.
Click the C re a te pro pe rty to create the material Outer.
16.
Click re turn to come back to the dialog.
17.
Flat
Follow the procedure described in Step 5 with Outer replaced by Flat.
Step 7: Create and assign material and property for Impactor

1.
From the Model Browser, select Im pa cto r, then select e dit from the context
sensitive menu.
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545
2.
3.
4.
5.
For name, enter Impactor.
6.
For type, select E LASTIC .
7.
For card image, select M 1_E LAST.
8.
9.

Rho_I: 8.000e09
Ref_Rho: 0.000
E: 208000.000
nu: 0.290
10.
11.
12.
13.
For prop name, enter Impactor.
14.
Check Same as check box on.
15.
Select Inne r.
16.
Click C re a te pro pe rty to create the property Impactor
17.
Click re turn to come back to the component dialog.
18.
Step 8: Create and assign material and property for Support

Follow the same procedures as in Step 5. Create a copy of Impactor property and material
with name support and assign it to component support.
After completing Step 8, open the component view of the Model Browser or component
table to check the correct assignment.

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Step 9: Create a rigid body to make Impactor and Support Rigid

1.
From the Model Browser right-click and select C re a te > C o m po ne nt.
2.
For name, enter Impact rigid.
3.
Select any color for easy visualization.
4.
Set card image as no ne .
5.
Click cre a te .
6.
Go to 1D page, then select the rigids panel.
7.
Verify that you are in the create subpanel.
8.
For dependent switch to co m ps .
9.
For primary node switch to ca lcula te no de .
10.
Click co m ps .
11.
Select Impactor, then click s e le ct.
12.
Click cre a te .
13.
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547
14.
Similarly, create rigid body for Support component in a collector with the name Support
rigid using sub-Steps 9.1 to 9.13.
Step 10: Define imposed velocity and boundary condition for the
impactor
1.
2.
For Name, enter IMPOSED_VELOCITY, set Select type to Im po s e d Ve lo city and set
3.
Click nodes and select the master node of the rigid body as shown in the following
image.
4.
Set the Direction as Z.
5.
Set Scale Y to -1000.0 as the direction of velocity is opposite to the global Z axis.
6.
Set the Curve ID to Se le ct curv e .

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7.
Select the predefined curve to Func1.
8.
Click cre a te to create the imposed velocity boundary condition.
9.
For Name, enter Impactor_constraints, set Select type to B o unda ry C o nditio n and
set the GRNOD to No de s .
10.
Click no de s and select the master node of the rigid body.
11.
Check all the degrees of freedom to constrain, except Tz.
12.
Click cre a te to create the boundary condition.
Step 11: Define fixed boundary condition for the support

1.
2.
For Name, enter support_fixed, set Select type to B o unda ry C o nditio n and set the
GRNOD to No de s .
3.
Select the master node of the rigid body created on Supporter as shown in the
following image.
4.
Check all the degrees of freedom to constraint.
5.
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549
Step 12: Define symmetry boundary condition for the foam, inner,
outer and flat
1.
2.
For Name, enter SYMMETRY_XZ, set Select type to B o unda ry C o nditio n and set the
GRNOD to No de s .
3.
Select the nodes of the foam , inner , outer and flat as shown in the following image.
4.
Check the degrees of translational degrees of freedom Y and rotational degrees of

freedom X and Z to constraint.
5.

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6.
Click clo s e to exit the B C M a na ge r.
Step 13: Define contacts between the beam and the support
1.
Enter the interfaces panel or click To o ls > C re a te ca rds > INTE R > TY PE 7.
2.
For name =, enter Support.
3.
4.
Click cre a te .
5.
6.
Switch master selector to co m ps .
7.
Click the yellow co m ps button.
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551
8.
From the list of comps, select Suppo rt.
9.
10.
Set the slave sel e cto r to co m ps .
11.
12.
Select the component FLAT.
13.
14.
Go to the card image subpanel.
15.
Click e dit.
16.
Enter the values as shown in the following image:
17.
Click re turn twice to exit the panel.
Step 14: Define contacts between the impactor and the outer
1.
From Analysis page > interfaces panel > create subpanel.
2.
For name =, enter Imp_Outer.
3.
4.
Click cre a te .
5.
6.
For master, select co m ps .
7.
8.
From the list of comps, select Im pa cto r.
9.
10.
For slave, select s e ts .
11.
Click the yellow s e ts button.
12.
From the list of comps, select O ute r created previously.
13.
14.
Go to the card image subpanel and click e dit.

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15.
Step 15: Define the self contact between the beam components
1.
From the Analysis page > interfaces panel >create subpanel.
2.
For name =, enter Self.
3.
4.
Click cre a te .
5.
6.
Set the master selector to co m ps .
7.
8.
From the list of comps, select Inne r, O ute r, and Fla t.
9.
10.
Set the slave selector to co m ps .
11.
12.
From the list of comps, select Inne r, O ute r, and Fla t.
13.
14.
Go to card image subpanel.
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553
15.
Click e dit.
Enter values as shown in the following image:
16.
Step 16: Create Interface time history

1.
Go to Analysis page > o utput blo ck panel.
2.
For name=, enter IMPACTOR.
3.
Switch the entity selector to gro ups .
4.
Click gro ups and select the interface Imp_Outer from the list.
5.
Click s e le ct > cre a te > e dit.
6.
For VAR field, enter DEF.
7.
Step 17: Allocate Required Memory

1.
From the main menu, go to the Analysis page > Control Cards subpanel.
2.
Click M e m o ry R e q.

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3.
Click NM O TS and enter 20000, as depicted in the following image.
Step 18: Create output requests on control cards

1.

Enter the values, as shown in each of the windows:
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Select the master nodes of the two RBODY In the model for RBODY/ON nodes.
Note:
The above values are the master node IDs of the respective RBODY of Impactor and
Support. These may vary for different models.

1.
Click File > E xpo rt
2.
For File:, navigate to the destination directory where you want to run.
3.
For name, enter bending and click Sa v e .
4.
Click the downward-pointing arrows next to Export opt io ns to expand the panel.
5.
6.

1.
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559
2.
For Input file, browse to the exercise folder and select the file bending_0000.rad.
1.
See if there are any warnings or errors in .out files.
2.
Using HyperView, plot the displacement, strain contour and vectors.

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von Mises Stress C ontour (MPa)
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561
C ontact Force for Impactor Interface

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RD-3597: Cell Phone Drop Test using HyperMesh

This tutorial demonstrates how to simulate a free fall of a cell phone due to gravity from a
height of 1001mm using 2nd order tetra elements.
Model Description
Simulation time: in Engine [0 3.3e-3]
This is a very simple cell phone model used to demonstrate how to set up a drop test.
The model is an assembly of two solid parts meshed with Tetra 10 elements,
connected with spring elements, and contact defined between them.
To reduce the simulation time, the cell phone is dropped 1 mm from the ground with an
initial velocity of -4429.4469 mm/s representing the velocity that it would have
attained from a free fall of 1000 mm.
Boundary Conditions: Gravity load + initial velocity of -4429.4469 mm/s on the cell
phone.
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563
Elasto-plastic Material /MAT/LAW36 (Plastic)

= 1.16-9 ton/mm3
= 0.3
E = 1000 MPa
[E] Young's modulus
STRAIN
16
STRESS
17
Exercise

1.
2.
3.
icon in toolbar.
Step 2: Load the cellphone.hm file

1.

hm file.
2.
Click O pe n.
and browse to select the cellphone.
Step 3: Creating the material curve

1.
2.
In the Curve editor window, click Ne w....
3.
For the curve name, enter stress_strain_curve.
4.
Click pro ce e d.
5.
From the Curve editor window, select s tre s s _s tra in_curv e from the Curve List.

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6.
Enter the X and Y coordinates, as shown below.
7.
Click Upda te > C lo s e .
Step 4: Define and assign material, properties to cell phone parts

1.
From the Model Browser, select components C e llpho ne _bo tto m and C e llpho ne _to p,
then select E dit from the context sensitive menu.
2.
3.
4.
5.
For Name, enter cell_phone.
6.
For Type, select E LASTO _PLASTIC and for Card image, select M 36_PLAS_TAB .
7.
8.

Density = 1.16e-9
Youngs Modulus = 1000
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565
9.
Select N_func and set to 1.
10.
Click I_func1 and select s tre s s _s tra in_curv e (the function curve previously created).
11.
Click re turn to come back to the component dialog.
12.
13.
14.
For Name, enter cell_phone and for Type, select VO LUM E .
15.
16.
In card image, set the variable I_rot to value of 1.
17.
18.
Step 5: Define and assign property for the spring links

1.
From the Model Browser, select component co nne ctio n_s pring, then select E dit from
the context sensitive menu.
2.
3.
4.
5.
For name, enter spring.
6.
Set Type to LINE , and set Card image to P13_SPR _B E AM .
7.
8.

Mass (MASS): 2e-6 ton
Inertia (Inertia): 2e-4 mm4
Translation stiffness (K_Ten, K_ShrY, K_ShrZ): 50
Rotation stiffness (K_Tor, K_FlxY, K_FlxZ): 1000N

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9.
Click re turn to return to component panel.
10.
Click Upda te to update the component with the newly created property.
Step 6: Define the Interface between cell phone parts

1.
On Analysis page go to interfaces panel, create subpanel or click To o ls > cre a te

ca rds > INTE R > TY PE 7.
2.
For name = enter self.
3.
4.
5.
For FRIC, enter 0.1 and for GAPmin, enter 0.3.
6.
Click re turn.
7.
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567
8.
Set master: to s e ts and click on e dit to create the master surf.
9.
For name =, enter Cell_Bottom.
10.
Set card image = to SUR F_E X T.
11.
Click co m ps and select C e llpho ne _bo tto m .
12.
Click pro ce e d > cre a te .
13.
14.
Click s e ts and select C e ll_B o tto m .
15.
Click Upda te .
16.
Set slave: to co m ps .
17.
Click co m ps and select C e llpho ne _to p.
18.
Click Upda te .
19.
Click re v ie w to confirm if the contact is well defined.
20.
Click re turn to exit from the panel.
Step 7: Create a rigid wall

1.
On Analysis page and go to the rigid wa lls panel.
2.
For name = enter GROUND.
3.
Set type = to R W ALL.
4.
Set card image = to R W ALL.
5.
6.

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7.
Press the F8 key on the keyboard. Enter the node coordinates: X=0, Y=0, Z=19.
8.
Click cre a te .
9.
10.
Go to the geom subpanel.
11.
Select the created node as base node.
12.
Make sure the normal vector is set to z - a xis , as shown in the following image.
13.
Set shape to infinite pla ne .
14.
Click upda te .
15.
Go to add subpanel.
16.
For dist =, enter 50.
17.
Click blue re v ie w button to confirm if the ground is well defined.
18.
Click re turn to exit from the panel.
Step 8: Define gravity load

1.
2.
For Name, enter Gravity, set Select type as G ra v ity Lo a d and set the GRNOD to
Pa rts .
3.
Select all three parts.
4.
Set the Direction to Z.
5.
Set Scale Y to - 9810.0 indicating a gravity in opposite Z direction.
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6.
Click on cre a te / s e le ct to take it to the XY curve editor.
7.
In the Curve editor window, click Ne w.
8.
For name =, enter gravity.
9.
Click pro ce e d.
10.
In the Curve editor window, select gra v ity from the Curve List.
11.
Enter the x and y as in the following image:

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12.
Click Upda te > C lo s e to close the Curve editor window.
13.
Click cre a te to create the gravity load.
Step 9: Apply an initial velocity to the Cell Phone

1.
In the BCs Manager, enter Name as Initial_velocity, set Select type as Initia l
Ve lo city and set the GRNOD to Pa rts .
2.
Select all three parts.
3.
For Vz =, enter the value -4429.4469.
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4.
Click cre a te to create the initial velocity load.
Step 10: Creating output request and control cards

1.

2.
Input the values in the GENERAL and ANIM windows, as shown in the following images:

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3.
Step 11: Selecting the control cards

1.
Go to the Analysis page and enter control cards panel. You need to enable the
following control card (see following image):

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MemoryReq.
2.
Click M e m o ry R e q card, input NMOTS = 40000.
3.
Click re turn twice to exit from the panel.

1.
2.
3.
For name, enter Cellphone and click Sa v e .
4.
5.
6.

1.
2.
For Input file, browse to the exercise folder and select the file ce llpho ne _0000.ra d.
1.
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575
2.
Using HyperView plot the strain and stress contour.
Von Mises Stress C ontour (MPa)
Plastic Strain (mm/mm)

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RD-3599: Gasket with HyperMesh

This tutorial demonstrates how to simulate a rubber gasket in sequential loading, given the
following load sequence:
Translation Transverse (10 mm)
Translation Longitudinal (5 mm)
Torsion (20 Degrees)
Model Description
Simulation time:
o
Engine [0 1.501] in steps of 0.5 ms for each load case
The outer circumference area is fixed on all degrees of freedom (VX , VY, VZ ) and the
center node is fixed on X direction and the X and Y rotation (VX , WX , Wy )
The gasket dimensions are: Thickness = 100 mm, External Diameter = 200 mm and
Internal Diameter = 50 mm.
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Hyper-Elastic Material /MAT/LAW42 (Rubber)

= 6.0-6 Kg/mm3
= 0.495

[nu] Poissons ratio
1 = 0.175 GPa
[mue1]
1 =2
[alfa1]
2 =2
(alfa2]
Exercise

1.
2.
3.
icon in toolbar.
Step 2: Load the gasket.hm file

1.

file.
2.
Click O pe n.
and browse to select the gasket.hm
Step 3: Define and assign material, property to Rubber

1.
From the Model Browser, select component G a s ke t, then select E dit from the context
sensitive menu.
2.
3.
4.
5.
For name, enter rubber.
6.
For type, select E LASTIC and for card image, select M 42_O G D E N and click C re a te
m a te ria l.

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7.
8.
9.
10.
For Name, enter Gasket and for Type, select VO LUM E .
11.
12.
Set Isolid to 24.
13.
14.
Step 4: Create a component for the rigid body at center of Gasket

1.
In the Model Browser, right-click and select C re a te > C o m po ne nt.
2.
For Name, enter Center and switch Card image to no ne .
3.
Select any color for easy visualization.
4.
Click cre a te .
5.
Click re turn to return to exit the panel.
Step 5: Create a rigid body at center of Gasket

1.
Go to 1D page, select the rigids panel.
2.
For nodes 2-n, switch to m ultiple no de s .
3.
For primary node, switch to ca lcula te no de .
4.
Click on the no de s and select a node in the inner face.
5.
Click on the no de s and select by fa ce .

HyperMesh will select all nodes on the inner face.
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6.
Click cre a te .
7.
Step 6: Create gasket inner fixed boundary conditions

1.
2.
For Name, enter Inner_BC, set Select type to B o unda ry C o nditio n and set the
GRNOD to No de s .
3.
Select the master node of rigid body created in Step 5.
4.
Check the Tx translational and Rx, Ry rotational degrees of freedom.
5.
Click cre a te to create the inner fixed boundary condition.

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Step 7: Create gasket inner Y displacement boundary conditions

1.
2.
For Name, enter DISP_Y, set Select type to Im po s e d D is pla ce m e nt and set the
GRNOD to No de s .
3.
4.
Set Direction as Y .
5.
Click on cre a te / s e le ct curv e to take it to the XY curve editor.
6.
Click on ne w and enter name as DISP_Y.
7.
Enter the following values for X,Y:

x = {0, 0.5, 1.0}
y = {0, 10, 10}
8.
Click upda te and clo s e the XY curve editor GUI.
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9. Click cre a te to create the boundary condition.
Step 8: Create gasket inner Z displacement boundary conditions

1.
2.
For Name, enter DISP_Z, set Select type to Im po s e d D is pla ce m e nt and set the
GRNOD to No de s .
3.
4.
Set Direction as Z.
5.
Click on C re a te / Se le ct curv e to take it to the XY curve editor.
6.
Click on ne w and enter name as DISP_Z.

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7.
Enter the following vales for X,Y:

x = {0, 0.5, 1, 1.5}
y = {0, 0, 5, 5}
8.
9. Click cre a te to create the boundary condition.
Step 9: Create gasket inner Z rotation boundary conditions

1.
2.
For Name, enter ROT20DEG_Z, set Select type to Im po s e d D is pla ce m e nt and set
3.
4.
Set Direction as Z Z.
5.
Click on cre a te / s e le ct curv e to take it to the XY curve editor.
6.
Click on ne w and enter Name as ROT20DEG_Z.
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7.
Enter the following vales for X and Y:

x = {0, 1, 1.5, 2}
y = {0, 0, 0.349, 0.349}
8.
9.
Step 10: Create gasket outer boundary conditions

1.
2.
For Name, enter OUTER_BC, set Select type to B o unda ry C o nditio n and set the
GRNOD to No de s .
3.
Click on No de s and select a node on the outer surface.
4.
Click No de s on the panel and then select by face to select all nodes on the outer
surface.
5.
Check all the translational and rotational degrees of freedom.

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6.
Click cre a te to create the outer fixed boundary condition.
Step 11: Create output request and control cards

1.

2.
Input the values in the GENERAL and ANIM windows as shown in the following images:
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1.
2.
3.
For name, enter Gasket and click Sa v e .
4.
5.
6.
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1.
2.
For Input file, browse to the exercise folder and select the file gasket_0000.rad.
1.
2.
Using HyperView plot the displacement and strain contour and vectors.
Displacement C ontour for the 3 load steps (mm)

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Von Mises Stress C ontour at the end of the simulation
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Bulk Format

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RD-3700: Nonlinear Implicit Analysis of Bending of a

Plate
The purpose of this tutorial is to demonstrate how to carry out nonlinear implicit analysis in
RADIOSS Bulk by simulating the bending of a plate under constant pressure.
Model Description
The figure below illustrates the structural model used for this tutorial: a long rectangular plate
which is supported at one end and distributed load is applied on the top surface. The
dimensions of the plate and material parameters can be obtained in the table below.
Units
Length: mm; Time: s; Mass: Mgg; (Force: N; Stress: MPa)
Length
1000 mm
Width
200 mm
Thickness
4.0 mm
Material
Steel, Elasto-plastic, using Johnson-Cook law

Initial density ( ):
7.90e-9 kg/mm3
Young's modulus (E):
200000 MPa
Poisson coefficient ():
0.29
Yield Stress ( 0):
100.0 MPa
Hardening Parameter (b): 1.0MPa

Imposed pressure
0.02 MPa, applied normal to the plate
Simulation time
[0 1.0 s]
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The following exercises are included in this tutorial:

Create plastic material and corresponding shell property
Set up boundary conditions and imposed velocity
Set up implicit analysis
Exercise

1.

2.
3.
4.
Click O K.
5.
Click File > Im po rt > M o de l.
6.
Select the file plate.nas located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
<install_directoty>/tutorials/hwsolvers/radioss/.
7.
Click Im po rt.
Step 2: Define Unit System

1.
2.
Select D TI_UNITS, and set parameters, as shown below.
3.

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Step 3: Update the Material

1.
Click the M a te ria l icon
2.
Toggle the update subpanel.
3.
Click on m a ts and select material M AT1_1.
4.
5.
Click on M ATX
and select M ATX 02 to define additional material properties for JohnsonCooke elastic-plastic material for geometric non-linear analysis.
6.
Input the values as shown below. See material parameters for details.
7.
Step 4: Update the Property

1.
2.
Toggle the update subpanel.
3.
Select prop as PSH E LL_1.
4.
5.
Click on PSH E LLX to define additional SHELL properties for geometric non-linear analysis.
6.
Input the values as shown below. See shell parameters for details.
7.
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593
Step 5: Create Boundary Condition

1.
2.
C re a te a load collector LC_SPC with the toggle set to no card image.
3.
4.
From the Analysis page, select co ns tra ints , toggle cre a te .
5.
Switch entity selector to no de s , click on the no de s , and select the no de s , as shown

below.
6.
Select the degrees of freedom do f1 and do f3. Deselect all others.
7.
For load types, select SPC .
8.
Click cre a te to create the boundary constraints.
9.
Next, select the bottom two nodes, as shown below.
10.
Select the degrees of freedom do f1, do f2 and do f3. Deselect all others.
11.
For load types, select SPC .
12.
Click cre a te to create the boundary constraints.
13.
Step 6: Create Imposed Load

1.
2.
Create a load collector LC_PLOAD with the toggle set to no ca rd im a ge .
3.
4.
From the Analysis page, click pre s s ure s > cre a te .

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5.
Switch entity selector to e le m s , click on the e le m s , and select a ll e le m e nts .
6.
Click on the toggle next to magnitude= and switch pressure definition method to
co ns ta nt v e cto r.
7.
For magnitude, enter -0.02.
8.
For load types, make sure to select PLO AD as the load type.
9.
10.
11.
Create a load collector TH_IMPLOAD, with card image set to TAB LE D 1.
12.
13.
Create a two points curve with values, as shown below.
14.
Click re turn.
A curve is now created.

15.
While still on the load collectors panel, create a new load collector LC _IM PLO AD with
card image set to NLO AD 1.
16.
17.
Click E X C ITE ID to select LC _PLO AD .
18.
Click TID to select TH _IM PLO AD .
19.
For TYPE, select LO AD .
20.
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595
Step 7: Define implicit analysis parameters

1.
2.
Create a load collector LC_NLPARM with card image set to NLPAR M .
3.
4.
Select the convergence criterion as P (fo rce ) with a tolerance value of 0.01.
5.
Next, click on NLPAR M X .
This defines the parameters for implicit nonlinear analysis iteration strategy.
6.
Input the values as shown below. See nonlinear analysis control parameters for details.
7.

1.
2.
3.
For DISPLACEMENT, ELFORCE, OLOAD, STRESS, and STRAIN, set Option to Y e s .
4.
Step 9: Create implicit analysis subcase (also referred to as a loadstep)

1.
From the Analysis page, select lo a d s te ps .
2.
For name, enter sub_nlgeom_implicit.
3.
For type, select ge o m e tric no n- line a r.

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4.

5.
Click on the e ntry field and select LC _SPC from the list of collectors.
6.
Check the box preceding NLOAD to define the imposed velocity.

An entry field appears to the right of NLOAD.
7.
Click on the e ntry field and select LC _IM PLO AD from the list of collectors.
8.
Check the box preceding NLPARM to define the nonlinear analysis control parameters.
An entry field appears to the right of NLPARM.
9.
Click on the e ntry field and select LC _NLPAR M from the list of collectors.
10.
Check the box preceding TTERM to define the termination time for geometric nonlinear
analysis subcase.
An entry field appears to the right of TTERM.
11.
Enter a value of 1.0.
12.
Click cre a te .
A RADIOSS loadstep is created.
13.

1.
2.
Click s a v e a s
3.
For File Name, enter plate.fem and click Sa v e .
4.
5.
6.
7.
Click R a dio s s .
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597
8.
This launches the RADIOSS job. If the job is successful, you will see new results files in
the directory where HyperMesh was invoked. The plate.out file is where you will find
error messages that will help you debug your input deck, if any errors are present.
9.

plate.html

plate.out
simulation begins and gives some basic information on the
results of the run.
plate.stat

plate.h3d

1.
Using HyperView, plot the Displacement and the von Mises stress contour at 1.0 s.

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Multi-body Dynamics Analysis

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RD-4000: Dynamic Analysis of a Three-body Model using

RADIOSS
In this tutorial, dynamic analysis on a simple three rigid bodies model will be performed using
RADIOSS. The force of gravity acts along the global Y axis, and the system has one degree
of freedom.
This exercise includes the creation of PRBODY (rigid body definition), JOINT and boundary
conditions in HyperMesh. An existing finite element model will be used in this tutorial problem.
- PRBODY
- JOINTS
- Boundary conditions (Gravity and MBSIM)
Submitting the job
Rigid bodies model
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601
Exercise
Profile
1.

2.
3.
4.
Click O K.
in Bulk Data Format for RADIOSS.
Step 2: Retrieve the HyperMesh Model File

1.
Click on the O pe n M o de l icon
2.
Select the 3bodies_dynamics.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory

under <install_directory>/tutorials/hwsolvers/radioss.
3.
Click O pe n.
The model has three components and a few free nodes that will be used to create bodies and
joints for the MBD model.
Step 3: Creating PRBodies

PRBODY is the Rigid Body Definition for Multi-body Simulation. PRBODY defines a rigid body out
of a list of finite element properties, elements and grid points.
To define the parts as PRBODY (Rigid Body definition):
1.
From the Analysis page, enter the bo die s panel.
2.
Select the cre a te subpanel using the radio buttons on the left-hand side of the panel.
To create PRBODY for component, blue.
3.
Click bo dy = and enter blue.
4.
Click ty pe = and select PR B O D Y .
5.
Click the pro ps button below type= and select bo dy 1.

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6.
Click cre a te .
7.
Repeat the above operation to define PRBODY for the component named body2 with the
name lime, and for body3 with the name orange.
8.
Click re turn.
Step 4: Creating Joints

Here, we will define all the necessary joints required for this model.
Create the component for the joints:
1.
Right-click the C o m po ne nts tree in the Model Browser and select C re a te .
2.
Enter joints for the Name: and ensure that As s igne d pro pe rty : and As s igne d
m a te ria l: are set to No ne .
3.
Click C re a te to create the new component.
In this tutorial, two revolute joints, one ball joint, and one universal joint are created to
constrain the degrees of freedom (shown in the following figure), such that the remaining
degree of freedom will be just 1.
DOF = 3*6 (5+5+4+3) = 1
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603
Type of Joint
Removes
translational dof
Removes
rotational dof
Removes total
number of dof
Revolute
Universal
Ball (Spherical)
Joints in the model
To create the joints:

1.
From the menu, click M e s h > C re a te > 1D E le m e nts > Jo ints to open the Joints panel.
First, the revolute joint at the lower right corner of body3 will be created.
2.
Click the jo int ty pe : selection switch and select re v o lute .

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3. Select no de ID 12319 as the first terminal.

4. Select no de ID 13158 as the second terminal.
Note: Nodes 12319 and 13158 are coincident. Coincident node picking in options
panel > graphics subpanel in HyperMesh will help select these coincident nodes
in the HyperMesh screen.
5. Select no de ID 12910 as a node for first orientation.

The vector 12319 to 12910 defines the axis of rotation of the revolute joint.
6. Click cre a te .
Next, the revolute joint at the lower left corner of body1 will be created.
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7. Select no de ID 11115 as the first terminal.

8. Select no de ID 13159 as the second terminal.
9. Select no de ID 11706 as a node for first orientation.
10. Click cre a te .
The vectors 11115 to 11706 define the axis of rotation of the revolute joint.
A universal joint between body3 and body2 will be created next.

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11.
Click the jo int ty pe : selection switch and select univ e rs a l.
12.
Select no de ID 12330 as first terminal which belongs to body3.
13.
Select no de ID 7589 as second terminal which belongs to body2.
14.
Select no de ID 12921 as a node for first orientation.
15.
Select no de ID 11944 as a node for second orientation.

The vectors 12330 to 12921 define the first cross pin axis, and the vectors 7589 to
11944 define second cross pin axis.
16.
Click cre a te .
A ball (spherical) joint between body1 and body2 will be created next.
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607
Ball joint between body1 and body2
17.
Click the jo int ty pe : selection switch and select ba ll.
18.
Select no de ID 11104 as first terminal which belongs to body1.
19.
Select no de ID 7578 as second terminal which belongs to body2.
20.
Click cre a te .
Step 5: Apply the boundary condition to the model

The gravity force that applies to the model and MBSIM bulk data card, which is to specify the
parameter for multi body simulation, will be created in this step.
Create the gravity force:
1.
Right-click the M o de l B ro ws e r and create a new Load Collector with the name gravity.
2.
Click co lo r and select any color.
3.
Click ca rd im a ge = and select G R AV.

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4.
Ensure that Card edit loadcollector upon creation is selected and click C re a te .
Input the values, as illustrated below.
5.

A new load collector, gravity is created.
Create an MBSIM card:

1.
Right-click the M o de l B ro ws e r and create a new Load Collector with the name SIM.
2.
3.
Click ca rd im a ge = and select M B SIM .
4.
Ensure that Card edit loadcollector upon creation is selected and click C re a te .
5.
6.
Step 6: Create a RADIOSS loadstep (also referred to as a subcase)

1.
2.
Set the type: to m ulti- bo dy dy na m ics .
3.
Click na m e = and enter Dynamic.
4.
Check the box preceding MLOAD.

An entry field appears to the right of MLOAD.
5.
Click on the entry field and select gra v ity from the list of load collectors.
6.
Check the box preceding MBSIM.

An entry field appears to the right of MBSIM.
7.
Click on the entry field and select SIM from the list of load collectors.
8.
Click cre a te .
9.
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Submitting the Job
Step 7: Run RADIOSS

1.
2.

3.
name for the model, 3bodies_dynamics_complete.fem, in the File name: field.
The .fem filename extension is the suggested extension for RADIOSS input decks.
4.
Click Sa v e .
Note that the name and location of the 3bodies_dynamics_complete.fem file displays
in the input file: field.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Click R a dio s s .
This launches a RADIOSS run in a separate command prompt (DOS or UNIX).

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3bodies_dynamics_complete
.html

problem formulation and the results from the final
iteration.
.out
RADIOSS output file containing specific information on

the file set up, estimates for the amount of RAM and
disk space required for the run, and compute time
.mbd.log
Log file containing the information on the joints and

markers, simulation etc., which are specific to MBD
analysis.
.mbd.xml
Model file in .xml format solver intermediate input

deck.
.h3d
Binary results file.
.mbd.mrf
Binary results file for plotting.
.stat

Viewing the Results in HyperView

This section describes how to view the results in HyperView which will be launched from
within the Radioss panel of HyperMesh.
Step 8: Review a Contour Plot of the Displacement

1.
While in the Radioss panel of the Analysis page, click the green H y pe rVie w button.
If a window appears with a warning message, click O K.
Note that the path and file name for 3bodies_dynamics_complete.h3d appears in the
fields to the right of Load model and Load results. This is fine because the .h3d
format contains both model and results data.
2.
The model and results are loaded in the current H y pe rVie w window.
3.
Click the C o nto ur panel toolbar button
4.
Under Results type:, select D is pla ce m e nt(v ).
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611
5.
Click Apply .
6.
Verify the Animate Mode is set to Tra ns ie nt,
7.
Click the Sta rt/ Pa us e Anim a tio n icon to start the animation.
8.
The Animation Controls are in the panel next to the playback controls.
9.
With the animation running, use the bottom slider bar to adjust the speed of the
animation.
10.
Click the Sta rt/ Pa us e Anim a tio n icon again to stop the animation.

Altair Engineering
RD-4010: Dynamic Analysis of a Slider Crank with a

Flexible Connecting Rod
The slider crank model shown in the figure below consists of a rigid crank, a flexible
connecting rod, and a rigid sliding block. The objective of this analysis is to determine the
deformation and stress of a flexible connecting rod under the high speed motion of the
system.
This exercise includes the creation of PRBODY (rigid body definition), PFBODY (flexible body
definition), and JOINT in HyperMesh 12.0.
An existing finite element model will be used in this tutorial.

Setting up the problem in HyperMesh 12.0
- PRBODY
- PFBODY
- JOINTS
- MBSIM (simulation parameter)
- INVELB (initial velocity)
Submitting the job
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Exercise
Profile
1.

2.
3.
4.
Click O K.
in Bulk Data Format for RADIOSS.
Step 2: Retrieve the HyperMesh Model File

1.
Click on the O pe n M o de l icon

2.
Select the slider_crank.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
<install_directory>/tutorials/hwsolvers/radioss.
3.
Click O pe n.
The model has five components and a few free nodes that will be used to create bodies and

Define the parts as PRBODY (Rigid Body definition):
1.
2.
To create PRBODY for component, support.
3.
Click bo dy = and enter support.
4.

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5.
Click the pro ps button and select s uppo rt.
6.
Click cre a te .
To create PRBODY for component, crank.
7.
Click bo dy = and enter crank.
8.
9.
Click the pro ps button and select cra nk.
10.
Click the no de s button and select the node (ID 25231) at the center of RBE2 spider
between connecting rod and crank (see the following figure).
11.
Click cre a te .
To create PRBODY for component, block.
12.
Click bo dy = and enter block.
13.
14.
Click the pro ps button and select blo ck.
15.
Click the no de s button and select the node (ID 25232) at the center of RBE2 spider
between connecting rod and block (see figure).
16.
Click cre a te .
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This completes the definition of PRBODY.
Step 4: Creating PFBodies

PFBODY is the Flexible Body Definition for Multi-body Simulation. PFBODY defines a flexible
body out of a list of finite element properties, elements, and grid points.
Define PFBODY for the connecting rod:
1.
Click bo dy = and enter rod.
2.
Click ty pe = and select PFB O D Y .
3.
Click the pro ps button and select ro d.
4.
Click the e le m s button and select two R B E 2 elements that are inside a hole on the
connecting rod.
Alternatively you could also use elems by id and input IDs 18795 and 18796 for the
two RBE2 elements.

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5.
Select C ra ig- B a m pto n as the C M S M e tho d: and the number of modes: set to 10.
6.
Step 5: Creating Joints

Here, we will define all the necessary joints required for this model. We will need five joints for
the model.
Create the component for the joints:
1.
Create a new component with the name joints.

In this tutorial three revolute joints, one fixed joint, and one translational joint are
created to constrain the degrees of freedom.
Type of Joint
Removes
translational dof
Removes
rotational dof
Removes total number

of dof
Revolute
Fixed
Translational
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To create the joints:

1.
Click M e s h > C re a te > 1D E le m e nts > Jo ints to open the Joints panel.
First, the fixed joint between ground and support will be created.
2.
Click the jo int ty pe : selection switch > fixe d.
3.
Select no de ID 25313 as first terminal (see the following figure).
4.
Select no de ID 25543 as second terminal.

Note: Nodes 25313 and 25543 are coincident. Coincident node picking in options
panel in HyperMesh will help select these coincident nodes if nodes need to be
selected in the screen.

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5.
Click cre a te .
Next, the revolute joint between support and crank will be created.
6.
Click the jo int ty pe : selection switch > re v o lute .
7.
Select no de ID 25472 as a first terminal (see the following figure).
8.
Select no de ID 15124 as a second terminal.
9.
Select coordinates as first orientation and type x= 0.0, y= 0.0, z= 1.0. The z-axis will
be the axis of rotation of revolute joint.
10.
Click cre a te .
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A revolute joint between the crank and connecting rod will be created next.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Select the coordinates as the first orientation and type x= 0.0, y= 0.0, z= 1.0. The
z-axis will be the axis of rotation of revolute joint.

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15.
Click cre a te .
A revolute joint between the connecting rod and sliding block will be created next.
16.
17.
18.
19.
Select coordinates as first orientation and type x= 0.0, y= 0.0, z= 1.0. The z-axis
will be the axis of rotation of revolute joint.
20.
Click cre a te .
A translational joint between the sliding block and ground will be created next.
21.
Click the jo int ty pe : selection switch > tra ns la tio na l.
22.
Select no de ID 14519 as a first terminal (see the figure below).
23.
24.
Select coordinates as first orientation and type x= 1.0, y= 0.0, z= 0.0. X will be the
direction of translation.
25.
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Defining external inputs and simulation parameters (Steps 6 and 7)

The gravity force that applies to the model and MBSIM bulk data card, which is to specify the
parameter for multi body simulation, will be created in this step.
Step 6: Create DTI, UNITS

1.
2.
Click D TI_UNITS.
3.
Define the unit system, as shown below.
4. Click re turn twice to return to the main menu.
Step 7: Define MBSIM and INVELB

1.
Right-click in the Model Browser to create a new Load Collector of type MBSIM named
SIM.
2.
Click cre a te / e dit or open the new load collector in the card editor.

Altair Engineering
3.
4.
Click re turn.
5.
Click lo a dco l na m e = and enter Velocity.
6.
7.
Click the cre a tio n m e tho d switch and select ca rd im a ge from the pop-up menu.
8.
Click ca rd im a ge = and select INVE LB .
9.
10.
Click B ID and select blo ck.
11.
Click VX and enter -50.
12.
Step 8: Create a RADIOSS loadstep (also referred to as a subcase)

1.
2.
3.
Click na m e = and enter dynamic.
4.

5.
Click on the entry field and select SIM from the list of load collectors.
6.
Check the box preceding INVEL.

An entry field appears to the right of INVEL.
7.
Click on the entry field and select Ve lo city from the list of load collectors.
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8.
Click cre a te > re turn to go to the main menu.
Submitting the Job
Step 9: Run RADIOSS

1.
2.

3.
name for the model, slider_crank_complete.fem, in the File name: field.
The .fem file name extension is suggested for RADIOSS input decks.
4.
Click Sa v e .
Note that the name and location of the slider_crank_complete.fem file is displayed in
5.
6.
7.
8.
Click R a dio s s .
This launches a RADIOSS run in a separate (DOS or UNIX) shell.

Altair Engineering
slider_crank_complete_fra HTML report of the analysis, giving a summary of the

problem formulation and the results from the final
mes.html
iteration.
slider_crank_complete.out RADIOSS output file containing specific information on
the file set up, estimates for the amount of RAM and disk
space required for the run, and compute time
slider_crank_complete.h3d Binary results file (Nodal results).
slider_crank_complete.
stat

slider_crank_complete_mbd Binary plotting file.

.abf
slider_crank_complete_mbd Binary results file (Modal results).
.h3d
slider_crank_complete_mbd Log file from OS-Motion containing the information on the
joints and markers, simulation etc., which are specific to
.log
MBD analysis.
slider_crank_complete_mbd Binary results file for plotting.
.mrf
slider_crank_complete_mbd Model file in .xml format solver intermediate input
deck.
.xml
View the Results in HyperView

This section describes how to view the results in HyperView which will be launched from
within the Radioss panel of HyperMesh.
Step 10: Review a contour plot of the displacement and stress

1.
Note that the path and filename for slider_crank_complete.h3d appears in the fields
to the right of Load model and Load results. This is fine because the .h3d format
contains both model and results data.
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625
2.
3.
Under Results type: select D is pla ce m e nt(v ).
4.
Click Apply .
5.
Verify that the Animate Mode is set to Tra ns ie nt
6.
7.
The Anim a tio n C o ntro ls are in the panel next to the playback controls.
The HyperView playback controls
8.
animation.
9.
10.
Go to the contour panel
11.
Stress type should be v o n M is e s .
12.
Click Apply .
13.
and select E le m e nt Stre s s e s [2D & 3D ] as Results type.

Altair Engineering
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627
RD-4020: Large Displacement Analysis of a Cantilever

Beam using RADIOSS
In this tutorial, multi-body dynamics analysis (simulation type: Transient Analysis) of a slender
cantilever beam will be performed using RADIOSS. An existing finite element model of a
cantilever beam will be imported into HyperMesh. The rest of the setup (creation of joint,
loading, etc.) will also be done in HyperMesh. HyperView will be used to post-process the
large displacement results of a cantilever beam model.
In this tutorial, you will learn how to create a JOINT, a PFBODY, an MBMNTC and a multi-body
dynamics subcase.
The beam model consists of 10 different flexible bodies (PFBODY) and each body is to be
connected through a fixed joint and rigid element (RBE2).

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Modeling RBE2
There are two RBE2s defined at the boundary of each body (one for each body at this
boundary). The fixed joint will be created using coincident nodes which are independent
nodes of each of the RBE2s.
These exercises will show how to:
Load a model into HyperMesh
Create a component for JOINT
Create a fixed joint
Create a PFBODY
Create load collectors for MBMNTC and MBSIM
Create an MBMNTC
Create an MBSIM
Create a multi-body dynamics subcase
Submitting the job
Load the model
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Exercise
Step 1: Retrieve the structural model and define the RADIOSS (Bulk
Data) template
1.
2.
Select the R AD IO SS (B ulkD a ta ) in the User Profile dialog and click O K.
3.
Click File > O pe n > M o de l.
4.
Select the cantilever_beam_MBD.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation

directory under <install_directory>/tutorials/hwsolvers/radioss.
5.
Click O pe n.
Creating Joints (Steps 2 - 4)

Here, all the necessary joints required for this model are defined. Only fixed joints for this
model are needed.
Step 2: Create components for JOINT

1.
2.
Enter joints in the Name field.
3.
Click C o lo r and select any color.
4.
Click cre a te .
This creates the new component named joints.
Step 3: Create a JOINT for the clamped boundary condition

The fix joint at the left corner of body_1 will be created to represent clamped boundary
condition. This fixed joint will be created using coincident nodes, so that coincident nodes
need to be created first at the left corner of body_1.
1.
Click G e o m e try > C re a te > No de s > X Y Z to open the Create Nodes panel.

Altair Engineering
2.
Move the cursor to the upper left corner of body_1 and click 3 times (see the following
figure). You will get the nodal coordinate (x=, y=, z=) of that node.
Location of coincident nodes
3. Click cre a te .
4. Repeat the last two steps to create another coincident node at lower left corner of
body_1.
5. Click re turn.
6. Click M e s h > C re a te > 1D E le m e nts > Jo ints to open the Joints panel.
7. Click the jo int ty pe : selector switch and select fixe d from the pop-up menu.
8. Click no de under first terminal: and select one of the coincident nodes at upper left
corner node.
Note: To select the coincident nodes, the coincident picking option has to be
turned on, to do this:
-
From the Preferences menu on the toolbar, select O ptio ns .

-
Select the graphics subpanel.
Check the box for coincident picking.
Click re turn to return to the joints panel.
9. Under second terminal:, click no de and select the other coincident nodes at the same
location.
Fixed joint
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10.
Click cre a te .
11.
Repeat this process to create a fixed joint at lower left corner of body_1.
12.
Click re turn.
Step 4: Create a fixed joint for each boundary of components

Fix joint will be created at the boundary of each component.
1.
2.
Click the jo int ty pe : selector switch and select fixe d.
3.
Zoom in to the boundary between Body_1 and Body_2.
4.
Select one of the coincident nodes as first terminal: (see the following figure).
5.
Select the other coincident nodes as second terminal:.
6.
Click cre a te .
Fixed joint
7.
Repeat this process to create a fixed joint for the boundary of each body.
8.
Click re turn.
Step 5: Creating PFBodies

PFBODY is the Flexible Body Definition for Multi-body Simulation. PFBODY defines a flexible
body out of a list of finite element properties, elements, and grid points.
We will have ten bodies apart from the ground body in our model.
To define the parts as PFBODY (Flexible Body definition):
1.
From the Analysis page, click bo die s .

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2.
Select the cre a te subpanel.
3.
Click bo dy = and enter pfbdy_1.
4.
5.
Click pro ps and check the box for body_1.
6.
Click s e le ct.
7.
Click e le m s and select by co lle cto r from the pop-up menu.
8.
Check the box for the component rigid_1 and click s e le ct.
9.
Use the toggle for number of modes: to switch from nm o de s de fa ult to nm o de s = .
10.
Click nm o de s = and enter 3.
11.
Click cre a te .
12.
Switch over to the parameters subpanel using the radio buttons on the left-hand side
of the panel.
13.
Use the damping: toggle to change from da m ping de fa ult to dv a l= .
14.
Click dv a l= and enter 10.0.
15.
Click upda te .
16.
Repeat this process to create a PFBODY for each flexible body.

For example, for body_2:
body= pfbdy_2,
props= body_2,
elems = rigid_2, and so on.
Make sure that all PFBODY have a damping of 10.0 defined in parameters subpanel.
For pfbody_4 enter a value of 7 for the nmodes= field.
17.
Click re turn.
Defining External Inputs and Simulation Parameters (Steps 6 - 8)

The moment applied at the end of the beam, the gravity force that applies to the model and
MBSIM bulk data card, which is to specify the parameter for multi body simulation, will be
created in this step.
Step 6: Create DTI, UNITS

1.
2.
Click D TI_UNITS.
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633
3.
Define the unit system, shown below.
4.
Step 7: Create load collector for MBSIM

1.
Right-click in the Model Browser and select C re a te > Lo a d C o lle cto r.
2.
Enter mbmoment in the Na m e field.

Make sure Card image is set to none.
3.
Click C lo s e dia lo g upo n cre a tio n to deactivate the option.
4.
Click C re a te .
The mbmoment load collector is created.
5.
Enter sim in the Name field.
6.
Select M B SIM from the Card image list.
7.
Click the C a rd e dit lo a dco lle cto r upo n cre a tio n checkbox to activate it.
8.
Click C re a te .
9.
For TTYPE, select E ND .
10.
In the TIME field, enter 0.5.
11.
For STYPE, select D E LTA.
12.
In the DELTA field, enter 2.0e-04.
13.
Change ITYPE to VSTIFF.
14.
15.
Click C lo s e to close the dialog.
Step 8: Create an MBMNTC

First, load types for moment need to be changed to MBMNTC. It is set to MOMENT by
default.
1.
From the Analysis page, select lo a d ty pe s .

Altair Engineering
2.
Click m o m e nt= and select M B M NTC .
3.
Click re turn.
MBMNTC is the moment based on the curve so that the curve will be created next.
4.
Click X Y Plo ts > C urv e E dito r to bring up the Curve editor window.
5.
Click Ne w
6.
For name =, enter mycurve.
7.
Click pro ce e d.
8.
Select m y curv e from the Curve List: located in upper left corner of the window.
9.
Populate the X Y table, as shown here:
10.
Click Upda te > C lo s e .
11.
Expand the Lo a d C o lle cto r folder in the Model Browser.
12.
Right-click on m bm o m e nt and click M a ke C urre nt.
13.
From the Analysis page, click m o m e nts .
14.
Click no de s .
15.
Select the 2 nodes at right tip of a beam, as shown in the following figure.
MBMNTC
16.
Click the switch beside magnitude= and change to curv e , co m po ne nts .
17.
In the z comp= field, enter 1.0.
18.
The x comp, y comp should remain at 0.
19.
Click curv e .
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635
20.
Select m y curv e .
21.
Step 9: Create a RADIOSS subcase

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
Click on the entry field and select s im from the list of load collectors.
6.
7.
Click on the entry field and select m bm o m e nt from the list of load collectors.
8.
Click cre a te > re turn to go to the main menu.

1.
2.

3.
name for the model, cantilever_beam_MBD.fem, in the File name: field.
The .fem file name extension is the suggested extension for RADIOSS input decks.
4. Click Sa v e .
Note the name and location of the cantilever_beam_MBD.fem file shows in the input
file: field.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Click R a dio s s .
This launches a RADIOSS run in a separate shell (DOS or UNIX) which appears.
If the optimization was successful, no error messages are reported to the shell. The
optimization is complete when the message Proc e ssing c om ple t e appears in the shell.

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Step 11: View the Results in HyperView

This step describes how to view the results in HyperView.
To view a contour plot of the displacement and stress:
1.
Note that the path and file name for cantilever_beam_MBD.h3d
appears in the fields to the right of Load model and Load results.
This is fine because the .h3d format contains both model and results
data.
2.
3.
For Result type: select D is pla ce m e nt(v ).
4.
Click Apply .
5.
Verify that the Animate Mode is set to Tra ns ie nt.
6.
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637
7.
The Anim a tio n C o ntro ls are in the panel next to the playback controls.
8.
animation.
9.
10.
For Result type:, select E le m e nt Stre s s e s (2D & 3 D ) (t).
11.
Click Apply .

Altair Engineering
RD-4030: Generating a Flexible Body for use in Altair

MotionSolve
An existing finite element model will be used in this tutorial to demonstrate how HyperMesh
may be used to set up a model to generate a flexible body for use in Altair MotionSolve. The
model is then run in RADIOSS. The figure below illustrates the structural model used for this
tutorial.

Retrieving the .hm file
Submitting the job
Exercise
Step 1: Retrieving the HyperMesh file and define the RADIOSS

template
1.
2.
Select R AD IO SS (B ulkD a ta ) in the User Profile dialog and click O K.

3.

4.
Select the susp_sla.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
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639
5.
Click O pe n.
The susp_sla.hm database is loaded into the current HyperMesh session, replacing any
existing data.
Step 2: Create load collectors that will be used to conduct the flexible
body reduction
In this step, two collectors will be created; one for the ASET that defines the connecting
degrees of freedom of the flexible body and the other for the method and parameters for the
component mode synthesis.
1.
Right-click in the Model Browser and click C re a te > Lo a d C o lle cto r.
2.
Enter ASET in the Name field.
3.
4.
Set Card image to no ne .
5.
Click the C lo s e dia lo g upo n cre a tio n option to deactivate it.
6.
Click C re a te .
This load collector will be used to define connecting degrees of freedom of the flexible
body to the multi-body system.
7.
Enter CMS in the Name field.
8.
Select C M SM E TH from the Card image menu.
9.
Click the C a rd e dit lo a dco lle cto r upo n cre a tio n option to activate it.
10.
Click C re a te .
This creates the load collector used to define the component mode synthesis method
and parameters. The card image can now be edited.
11.
The Craig-Bampton (CB) method is selected by default.

Either UB_FREQ (upper bound on frequency) or NMODES (number of modes) must be
defined.
12.
Under NMODES, enter 10.
13.
Click re turn to exit the card editor.
14.
Click C a nce l to close the dialog.
Step 3: Modify the load types of constraint to ASET

1.
From the Analysis page, enter the lo a d ty pe s panel.

Altair Engineering
2.
Click co ns tra int = and select ASE T.
3.
Click re turn.
Step 4: Create the ASETs required in the analysis

1.
Right-click on ASE T and click M a ke C urre nt to set the current Load Collector.
2.
3.
Select the following degrees of freedom: dof1, dof2, and dof3.
Deselect any degree of freedom by right-clicking a checked (selected) box.

4.
Click the no de s button.

Select the nodes that sits in the middle of the multi-node rigid on the primary
attachment point of the control arm to the chassis.
5.
Click cre a te .
6.
Select do f2 and do f3 and verify that the nodes button remains active.
Select the node and the last attachment point of the control arm.
7.
Click cre a te .
Create the third constraint by selecting do f3 and choosing the top node in the rigid
which would fasten the bottom of the shock assembly to the control arm. This can be
seen in the next figure.
8.
Click cre a te .
C onstraints applied to control arm model
9.
Create the fourth constraint by selecting do f1, do f2, and do f3 and choosing the top
node in the rigid on the boss to the right.
10.
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641

1.
2.
Activate the GLOBAL_CASE_CONTROL card.
3.
Check the box preceding CMSMETH.
4.
Click C M SM E TH and select the C M S load collector.
5.
Click re turn to return to the Control Cards panel.
Step 6: Define the analysis type, unit system, create a title, and create
the output control for the component mode synthesis
1.
Click on D TI_UNITS in the list of Control Cards to define the units system for the flex
body output. The units should be defined consistent with the material properties of the
material defined for this model. This way, you will not need to take care of the units of
Multi-body Dynamics Analysis.
Note: To check the material properties of your model:
Right-click on M AT1_1 in the Model Browser and click C a rd E dit. You will be able to
view the Elastic modulus (2.1e+05), Poissons Ratio (0.3) and the Density of the material
(7.9e-06).
For this model, the material used is Steel. Since the values of the material properties
provided are consistent with Kilogram, Newton, Millimeter, Second, the sequence: KG N
M M S is selected for this control card.
2.
Click re turn.
3.
From the Control Cards panel, click on G LO B AL_O UTPUT_R E Q UE ST > STR E SS.
4.
Select the options shown below.
5.
Click re turn.

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6.
Click ne xt and then click O UTPUT and set the options shown in figure below.
7.
Click re turn.
8.
Click TITLE and enter a title for this analysis.
9.

The Radioss panel accomplishes two things: it saves the current model with its settings to
create the input file RADIOSS will use, and it allows you to select the type of analysis.
1.
2.
Set the export options: toggle at the bottom of the panel to a ll.
3.
After input file: click s a v e a s .
4.
For File name:, enter susp_sla.fem.

The file extension .fem is necessary for RADIOSS to recognize an input file.
5.
Leave the memory options: toggle set to m e m o ry de fa ult.
6.
7.
Click R a dio s s .
in the directory where HyperMesh was invoked. The susp_sla.out file is a good place
to look for error messages that will help you debug your input deck if any errors are
present.
susp_sla.h3d
H3D file that contains the flexible body data for use in Altair
MotionSolve.
susp_sla.out
ASCII-based output file of the model check run performed before

the simulation begins which gives some basic information on the
results of the run.
susp_sla.stat
Detailed breakdown on the CPU time used for each significant stage
in the analysis.
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643
RD-4040: MBD Rigid Contact

In this tutorial, you will learn how to:
Model Contacts using HyperMesh 12.0
Contact constraints are very common in the mechanisms/general machinery domain.
MotionSolve uses the penalty-based Poisson contact force model for calculating the
magnitude and direction of the contact and friction forces. For more information on this,
please refer to the MotionSolve Help.
The Curved Pentagon Positive Return Cam system is used to define the contacts. In this
system the curved pentagon rolls inside the circle and translates the slider.
Rigid body model
Exercise
Step 1: Retrieve the structural model and define the RADIOSS

template
1.
2.
3.

4.
Select the for_contact_tutorial.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation


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5.
Click O pe n.
The model has five components and a few free nodes that will be used to create bodies and

There will be five bodies apart from the ground body in our model via: the stand, the slider,
the driver, the pentagon and the circle. Pre-defined free nodes will be used to define the
bodies and joints.
1.
2.
3.
Click bo dy = and enter stand.
4.
5.
Click the pro ps button below type= and select Sta nd1.
6.
Click the fre e no de s button and select by id option and enter 2, 19391, and 19402.
7.
Click cre a te .
8.
Use the table to repeat the above operation to define PRBODY for the remaining
components.
bo dy =
ty pe =
pro ps
fre e no de s
Slider
PRBODY
Slider2
4, 19399
Driver
PRBODY
Driver3
19392, 19395
Pentagon
PRBODY
Pentagon4
4246, 19396
Circle
PRBODY
Circle5
414, 19400
Ground
GROUND
19401
Note: To define the ground body the selection of props is not required.
9.
Click re turn.
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Creating Joints (Steps 3 and 4)

Here, we will define all the necessary joints required for this model. We will need five joints for
the model, as shown in the table below.
Type of Joint
Body 1
Body 2
Fixed
Stand
Ground
Revolute
Stand
Driver
Translational
Stand
Slider
Revolute
Driver
Pentagon
Fixed
Slider
Circle
Step 3: Create the component for the joints

1.
2.
3.
4.
Click C re a te .
In this tutorial step, two revolute joints, two fixed joints, and one translational joint are
created to constrain the degrees of freedom (shown in the following figure), such that the
remaining degree of freedom will be just 2.
DOF = 5*6 (5+5+6+6+5+1) = 2
Removes
translational dof
Removes
rotational dof
Removes total
number of dof
Revolute
Fixed
Translational
Motion (rev)
Type of Joint

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Joint locations in the model
Step 4: Create the joints

1.
Click M e s h > C re a te > 1D E le m e nts > Jo ints to open the joints panel.
First, the fixed joint between the stand and ground will be created.
2.
Click the jo int ty pe : selection switch > fixe d.
3.
Select no de ID 19401 as the first terminal.
4.
Select no de ID 19402 as the second terminal.

Note: The first and second terminals are corresponding to the bodies
that are connected by the joint. Nodes 19401 and 19402 are
coincident. Coincident node picking is in options panel >
graphics subpanel in HyperMesh will help select these
coincident nodes in the HyperMesh screen.
5.
Click cre a te .
Next the fixed joint between the slider and the circle is created.
6.
7.
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8.
Click cre a te .
To create the revolute joints in the model (b/w stand-driver and driver-pentagon
bodies), please refer to the image below and follow the steps.
Defining a revolute joint
9.
10.
Select the no de ID 19391 as the first terminal.
11.
Select the no de ID 19392 as the second terminal.
12.
Select the v e cto r option and for the first orientation, select y - a xis .
13.
Click cre a te .
14.
15.
16.
17.
Select the v e cto r option and for the first orientation, select y - a xis .
18.
Click cre a te .
To create the translational joint in the model (b/w slider-stand), please refer to the
image below and follow the steps.
Defining a translational joint
19.
Click the jo int ty pe : selection switch > tra ns la tio na l.
20.
21.
22.
Select the v e cto r option and for the first orientation, select x- a xis .
23.
Click cre a te .
24.

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Step 5: Defining a Contact in the model

We will use pre-defined element sets to add a Contact to the model.
Note:
These element sets are defined from the analysis page, entity sets
by choosing a set of elements. The set of elements on the face of
the pentagon body is named master and the sets elements on the
face of the circle body is named slave.
1.
From the Analysis page, enter the inte rfa ce s panel.
2.
Click the create radio button, click na m e = and enter Contact.
3.
Click ty pe = and select M B C NTR.
4.
5.
Click the a dd radio button.
6.
Select s e ts option for both master: and slave: .
7.
Click on the s e ts for the master: and select the entity set named mas and click the
upda te button.
8.
Click on the s e ts for the slave: select the entity set named Sla and click the upda te
button.
Interfaces panel contact
9.
Click the ca rd im a ge radio button and click e dit.
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10.
Select PO ISSO N for CNFTYPE and enter the values, as shown in the image below:
11.
Click the re turn button twice to close the Interface panel.

The motion which drives the mechanism, the gravity force that applies to the model and
Step 6: Define the motion constraint

1.
2.
Click on the no de s button and select the option by id and enter node id 19392.
3.
Uncheck all buttons; except for dof5 and enter a value of 1 (refer to the image below).
C onstraints panel - motion
4.
Click the lo a d ty pe s = button and select M O TNG (V).
5.
Click the cre a te button to create the constraint.
6.
Note:
You can find a new load collector (auto1) added to the model
after completing this step. The motion is assigned to this load
collector and will be used as reference in the RADIOSS subcase.
Step 7: Create the gravity force

1.
2.
Enter gravity in the Name field.
3.
4.
Click the C a rd im a ge : menu and select G R AV.
5.
Click the Card edit loadcollector upon creation option to activate it.

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6.
Click C re a te .
7.
Click re turn to exit the Card Image editor.

Step 8: Create an MBSIM card

1.
2.
Enter SIM in the Name field.
3.
4.
Click the C a rd im a ge : menu and select M B SIM .
5.
Click C re a te .
6.
7.
Click re turn to exit the Card Image editor.

1.
2.
Set the ty pe : to m ulti- bo dy dy na m ics .
3.
4.

5.
Click on the e ntry field and select G ra v ity from the list of load collectors.
6.

7.
Click on the e ntry field and select SIM from the list of load collectors.
8.
Check the box preceding MOTION.

An entry field appears to the right of MOTION.
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9.
Click on the e ntry field and select a uto 1 from the list of load collectors.
10.
Click cre a te .
11.

1.
2.
Click s a v e a s

3.
name for the model, for_contact_tutorial.fem, in the File name: field.
4.
Click Sa v e .
Note that the name and location of the for_contact_tutorial.fem file displays in the
input file: field.
5.
6.
7.

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8.
Click R a dio s s .
This launches a RADIOSS run in a separate command prompt (DOS or UNIX).
for_contact_tutorial.
html

problem formulation and the results from the final iteration.
out
RADIOSS output file containing specific information on the

file set up, estimates for the amount of RAM and disk
space required for the run, and compute time information.
log
Log file containing the information on the joints and

markers, simulation etc., which are specific to MBD
analysis.
xml
Model file in .xml format solver intermediate input deck.
h3d
mrf
stat

Note:
There are a few more files written to the directory with the name
for_contact_tutorial_mbd.

This step describes how to view the results in HyperView which will be launched from within
the Radioss panel of HyperMesh.
HyperView provides a complete post-processing and visualization environment for finite
element analysis (FEA), multi-body system simulation, video and engineering data.
1.
Note: That the path and file name for for_contact_tutorials.h3d
appears in the fields to the right of Load model and Load
results. This is fine because the .h3d format contains both
model and results data.
2.
3.
For Results type:, select D is pla ce m e nt(v ).
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4.
Click Apply .
5.
6.
7.
8.
animation.
9.

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RD-4050: Curve to Curve Constraint

In this tutorial, you will learn how to:
Model a CVCV (curve-to-curve) joint using HyperMesh 12.0
A CVCV (curve-to-curve) joint is a higher pair constraint. The constraint consists of a planar
curve on one body rolling and sliding on a planar curve on a second body. The curves are
required to be co-planar. This constraint can act as a substitute to contact modeling in many
cases where the contact occurs in a plane. One such case is the Curved Pentagon Positive
Return Cam system in which the curved pentagon rolls inside the circle and translates the
slider. Instead of modeling the contact between the pentagon and the circle, we can specify
a CVCV constraint between their profiles.
Rigid body model
In this tutorial, we will model a Curved Pentagon Positive Return Cam system with the help of
a CVCV constraint.
Exercise
Step 1: Retrieve the structural model and define the RADIOSS

template
1.
2.
3.

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4.
Select the for_cvcv_tutorial.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory

5.
Click O pe n.
The model has five components and a few free nodes that should be used to create bodies
and joints for the MBD model.

We will have five bodies apart from the ground body in our model via: the stand, the slider,
the driver, the pentagon and the circle. Pre-defined free nodes will be used to define the
bodies and joints.
To define the parts as PRBODY (Rigid Body definition):
1.
2.
3.
Click bo dy = and enter stand.
4.
5.
Click the pro ps button below type= and select Sta nd1.
6.
Click the fre e no de s button and select by id option and enter 2, 19392, and 19402.
7.
Click cre a te .
8.
Use the table to repeat the above operation to define PRBODY for the remaining
components.
bo dy =
ty pe =
pro ps
fre e no de s
Slider
PRBODY
Slider2
4, 19398, 19400
Driver
PRBODY
Driver3
19391, 19395
Pentagon
PRBODY
Pentagon4
19396
Circle
PRBODY
Circle5
19397, 19399
Ground
GROUND
19401
9.
Click re turn.

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Creating Joints (Steps 3 - 5)

Here, we will define all the necessary joints including the CVCV joint. We will need five joints
for the model. The first joint is the fixed joint between the stand and ground body. The
second joint we need is a revolute joint between the stand and driver, the third joint is the
translational joint that connects the slider to the stand, the fourth joint is the revolute joint
between the driver and the pentagon, and the fifth joint is the fixed joint between the slider
and the circle.

1.
2.
3.
4.
Click C re a te .
In this tutorial step, two revolute joints, two fixed joints, and one translational joint are
created to constrain the degrees of freedom (shown in the following figure), such that the
remaining degree of freedom will be just 2.
DOF = 5*6 (5+5+6+6+5+1) = 2
Removes
translational dof
Removes
rotational dof
Removes total
number of dof
Revolute
Fixed
Translational
Motion (rev)
Type of Joint
Joint locations in the model
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657

1.
First, the fixed joint between the stand and ground will be created.
2.
Click the jo int ty pe : selection switch and select fixe d.
3.
4.

Note: Nodes 19401 and 19402 are coincident. Coincident node
picking is in options panel > graphics subpanel in HyperMesh
will help select these coincident nodes in the HyperMesh
screen.
5.
Click cre a te .
Next, the fixed joint between the slider and the circle is created.
6.
7.
8.
Click cre a te .
To create the revolute joints between (stand-driver and driver-pentagon) in the model
please refer to the image below and follow the steps.
Defining a revolute joint
9.
Click the jo int ty pe : selection switch and select re v o lute .
10.
11.
12.
Select the v e cto r option and select y - a xis for the first orientation.
13.
Click cre a te to create the joint.
14.
15.
16.
Select the v e cto r option and select y - a xis for the first orientation.

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17.

To create the translational joint between (slider-stand) in the model, please refer to the
image below and follow the steps.
Defining a translational joint
18.
Click the jo int ty pe : selection switch and select tra ns la tio na l.
19.
20.
21.
Select the v e c t or option and select x- a xis for the first orientation.
22.
Step 5: Defining a CVCV joint

Pre-defined curves will be used in order to add a CVCV joint.
Note:
These curves are defined from the analysis page, entity sets by
choosing a set of nodes. The curve on the pentagon body is
named master and the curve on the circle body is named slave.
1.
Click the jo int ty pe : selection switch and select cv cv .
2.
3.
4.
Click on the s e t = for the first curve > m a s te r.
5.
Click on the s e t = for the second curve > s la v e .
6.
Click cre a te .
Joints panel C VC V joint
7.
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Step 6: Define the motion constraint

1.
2.
Click twice on the no de s button and select the option by id and enter node id 19392.
3.
Check the button next to dof5 and enter a value of 1.0 (refer to image below).
C onstraints panel - motion
4.
Click the lo a d ty pe s = button and select M O TNG (V).
5.
6.

Note: You can find a new load collector (auto1) added to the model
after completing this step. The motion is assigned to this load
collector and will be used to reference in the RADIOSS subcase.

1.
2.
Enter gravity for the Name field.
3.
4.
Click C a rd im a ge and select G R AV.
5.
Click C a rd e dit lo a dco lle cto r upo n cre a tio n to activate the option.
6.
Click C re a te .
7.
Click re turn.

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1.
2.
3.
4.
Click C a rd im a ge and select M B SIM .
5.
Click C re a te .
6.
7.
Click re turn to exit the card image and the panel.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
Click on the e ntry field and select gra v ity from the list of load collectors.
6.

7.
8.
Check the box preceding MOTION.

An entry field appears to the right of MOTION.
9.
Click on the e ntry field and select a uto 1 from the list of load collectors.
10.
Click cre a te .
11.

1.
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661
2.
Click s a v e a s

3.
name for the model, for_cvcv_tutorial.fem, in the File name: field.
4.
Click Sa v e .
Note that the name and location of the for_cvcv_tutorial.fem file displays in the
input file: field.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Click R a dio s s .
for_cvcv_tutorial.
html

problem formulation and the results from the final iteration.
for_cvcv_tutorial.out RADIOSS output file containing specific information on the

file set up, estimates for the amount of RAM and disk space
required for the run, and compute time information. Review
for_cvcv_tutorial.log Log file containing the information on the joints and markers,
simulation etc., which are specific to MBD analysis.
for_cvcv_tutorial.xml Model file in .xml format solver intermediate input deck.
for_cvcv_tutorial.h3d Binary results file.
for_cvcv_tutorial.mrf Binary results file for plotting.
for_cvcv_tutorial.
stat



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To view the animation:

1.
Note: That the path and file name for for_cvcv_tutorial.h3d
appears in the fields to the right of Load model and Load
results. This is fine because the .h3d format contains both
model and results data.
2.
3.
4.
Click Apply .
5.
6.
7.
8.
animation.
9.
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663
RD-4060: Defining Point to Deformable Curve Joint in HM

and Analysis using RADIOSS
In this tutorial, a multi-body dynamics analysis (simulation type: Transient Analysis) of a hook
on a flexible cable will be performed using RADIOSS. An existing finite element model will be
imported into HyperMesh. The rest of the setup (creation of joint, loading, etc.) will be done
in HyperMesh. HyperView will be used to post-process the large deformations of the flexible
cable model.
Hook rolling on a cable
In this tutorial, you will learn how to create JOINTS (Fixed, PTDCV), a PFBODY, a PRBODY, an
MBDCRV, and a multi-body dynamics subcase.
Model in HyperMesh

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The flexible cable consists of 50 different CBAR elements (PFBODY) and the end of this flexible
body is connected to ground (GROUND) using fixed joints.
The Hook (PRBODY) is an external graphic and is connected to the flexible cable by the
PTDCV joint.
This exercise will show how to:
Load a model into HyperMesh
Create a PRBODY
Create a PFBODY
Create an MBDCRV
Create a component for JOINT
Create fixed joints
Create a PTDCV joint
Adding a displacement motion to the model
Create load collectors for GRAV and MBSIM
Create a multi-body dynamics subcase
Submit the job
Exercise
Step 1: Define the RADIOSS (Bulk Data) User Profile and retrieve the
finite element model
1.
Launch HyperMesh Desktop and select the R AD IO SS (B ulkD a ta ) in the User Profile
dialog.
2.

3.
Select the flex_cable.hm file, located in the HyperWorks installation directory under
4.
Click O pe n.
The flex_cable.hm database is loaded into the current HyperMesh session, replacing any
existing data.
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665
Create a PRBODY/GROUND and PFBODY (Steps 2 - 5)
Step 2: Create the rigid body (PRBODY)

1.
From the Analysis page, click bo die s .
2.
Select the create subpanel.
3.
Click bo dy = and enter Hook.
4.
5.
Click pro ps under properties: and check the box for Hook.
6.
Click s e le ct.
7.
Under free nodes:, click no de s and select the option by id and enter node ID 14399.
8.
Click cre a te .
Step 3: Create flex body (PFBODY)

1.
Click bo dy = and enter Cable.
2.
3.
Click pro ps under properties: and check the box for Cable.
4.
Click s e le ct.
5.
Under free nodes:, click no de s and select the option by id and enter node IDs 1, 2
and e nte r.
6.
For CMS Method:, verify that C ra ig- B a m pto n is selected.
7.
For frequency upper bound: verify that uppe r bo und de fa ult is selected.
8.
For number of modes:, select nm o de s = and enter the value 15.
9.
Click cre a te .
Step 4: Create ground body (GROUND)

1.
Click bo dy = and enter Ground.
2.
Click ty pe = and select G R O UND .

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3.
Under free nodes:, click no de s and select the option by id and enter node ID 14397,
14398 and e nte r.
4.

Step 5: Define the deformable curve

1.
From the Analysis page, click e ntity s e ts .
2.
For name= enter deform_curve.
3.
For card image, select M B D C R V.
4.
Confirm set type: is set to o rde re d.
5.
Confirm entity: is set to no de lis t.
6.
Select all the nodes in an orderly manner from the model which are connecting the CBAR
elements.
7.
Click cre a te to create the entity set.
8.
Click re turn.

Here, we will define all the necessary joints including the PTDCV joint. We will need three
joints for the model. Two fixed joints between the Cable ends to the Ground and one PTDCRV
between the Hook and the Cable.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Click cre a te .
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667

1.
First, the fixed joint between one end of the Cable and ground will be created.
2.
Click the jo int ty pe : selection switch and select fixe d.
3.
4.

Note: Nodes 1 and 14397 are coincident. Coincident node picking is
in options panel > graphics subpanel in HyperMesh will help
select these coincident nodes in the HyperMesh screen.
5.
Click cre a te .
Next, the fixed joint between the other end of the cable and ground is created.
6.
7.
8.
Click cre a te .
Step 8: Create the PTDCV Joint

1.
Click the jo int ty pe : selection switch > ptdcv .
2.
3.
Click on s e t= and select de fo rm _curv e entity set defined as M B D C R V.
4.
Click cre a te .
5.
Click re turn.
Define External Inputs and Simulation Parameters (Steps 9 and 10)


1.

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2.
Enter gravity in the Name field.
3.
4.
Click C a rd im a ge and select G R AV.
5.
Click C re a te .
6.
Click re turn to close the card editor.


1.
2.
3.
4.
Click C a rd im a ge and select M B SIM .
5.
Click C re a te
6.
7.
Click re turn to exit the panels.

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
Click on the e ntry field and select gra v ity from the list of load collectors.
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669
6.

7.
8.
Click cre a te to create the loadstep.
9.

1.
2.
Click s a v e a s

3.
name for the model, flex_cable.fem, in the File name: field.
4.
Click Sa v e .
Note that the name and location of the flex_cable.fem file displays in the input file:
field.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Click R a dio s s .

Altair Engineering
flex_cable.
html

formulation and the results from the final iteration.
flex_cable.
out
RADIOSS output file containing specific information on the file set up,
estimates for the amount of RAM and disk space required for the run,
and compute time information. Review this file for warnings and
errors.
flex_cable.
log
Log file containing the information on the joints and markers,

simulation etc., which are specific to MBD analysis.
flex_cable.
xml
Model file in .xml format solver intermediate input deck.
flex_cable.
h3d
flex_cable.
mrf
flex_cable.
stat
Summary of analysis process, providing CPU information for each step

during analysis process.

To view the animation:
1.
Note: That the path and file name for flex_cable.h3d appears in the
fields to the right of Load model and Load results. This is fine
because the .h3d format contains both model and results data.
2.
3.
4.
Click Apply .
5.
6.
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671
7.
8.
animation.
9.

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RADIOSS 12.0 Tutorials

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