29.08.

2016

Study of Differentiator & Integrator in

Op-Amp Circuits
1 OBJECTIVE:
To understand the different operational applications (e.g. differentiator, integrator
etc.) of Operational Amplifier in Analog Signal Processing.

2 APPARATUS & COMPONENTS:

Apparatus:
1. Cathode Ray Oscilloscope
2. Function generator
Components:
1. Op-Amp
2. Resistor (10K*2)
3. Capacitors (0.1F, 4700pF)
.

Koustav Mallick

ETCE 2nd Year 1st semester

Roll No: 001510701021

3 DIFFERENT OPERATIONS:
A. Differentiator:
I)

CircuitDiagram:

II)

Theory:Any signal can be differentiated using it as an input of op-

amp through a capacitor. The feedback resistance is R and input

capacitor has capacitance C. Now using KCL at terminal 2
(inverting terminal or, virtually grounded)

C (

0) =

If input voltage is a triangular wave with slope

Then

(
And Vout= -KRC
2

)=

Here (-) ve signifies the inversion of differentiated signal

Input voltage is a triangular wave

front with frequency 1022Hz 1 KHz, and peak value
1.2 V.

III)

ExperimentalResult:

IV)

Observation:

i)
ii)
iii)

Output Voltage is a square wave whose amplitude is

0.21V.
Frequency of output is same as input voltage.
There is an inversion in signal (180-degrees phase shift).

Calculation: From

experiment R=9.7 k and C=4700 pF

Period of triangular wave 1 ms.

Slope K= V/s.
Calculated Vout= KRC= 4800 x 9.7 x 103 x4700 x 10-12 V =0.218 V

Error: Calculated

Vout =0.218 V
Experimental Vout =0.21 V
Therefore Error = x 100% =3.6%

B. Integrator:
i)

CircuitDiagram:

ii)

Theory:

Any signal can be integrated using it as an input of

op-amp through a resistor. The feedback capacitor has
capacitance C and input resistor has resistance R. Now using
KCL at terminal 2 (inverting terminal or, virtually grounded)

If input voltage is a square wave with value Vin

Then output should be triangular wave.
Now,

)=

Therefore the slope of the output triangular wave should be K=

Here (-) ve signifies the inversion of integrated signal.

iii)

Input voltage is a square wave

front with frequency 1028Hz 1 KHz, and amplitude
4V.

ExperimentalResult:

Observation:(i) Output voltage is a triangular wave whose peak value is 1V.

(ii) Frequency of output is same as input voltage.
(iii) There is an inversion of signal (1800 phase shift)

Calculations:From experiment R=9.67 k and C=0.1 F

Period of square and triangular wave 1 ms.
Experimental K= V/s.
Calculated slope K =

Error:Calculated K=4136 V/s

Experimental K =4000 V/s
Therefore Error =

=4136V/s.

x 100% =3.28%

4 CONCLUSION
Mathematical operations like Differentiation and integration can be
logically performed by op-amp circuits but it only operates on the nature of
the signal. The phase or sign changes for this type of circuits. It also should
be noted that the output signal not only depends on the input signal but
also it depends on the value of capacitor and resistances.
It also can be noted that the value and nature of the output depends on the
frequency of the ac signal. At very high and very low frequency output
voltage decreases from mid-band value. However for medium range of
frequency gain is approximately constant.