DIgSILENT PowerFactory

Technical Reference Documentation

Shunt Tap Adjustment

ElmShnt

DIgSILENT GmbH
Heinrich-Hertz-Str. 9
72810 - Gomaringen
Germany
T: +49 7072 9168 0
F: +49 7072 9168 88
http://www.digsilent.de
info@digsilent.de
Version: 2016
Edition: 1

Copyright 2016, DIgSILENT GmbH. Copyright of this document belongs to DIgSILENT GmbH.
No part of this document may be reproduced, copied, or transmitted in any form, by any means
electronic or mechanical, without the prior written permission of DIgSILENT GmbH.
Shunt Tap Adjustment (ElmShnt)

Contents

Contents
1 Shunt Tap Adjustment

1.1 Common Tap Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.1.1 Voltage Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.1.2 Reactive Power Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.1.3 Power Factor Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

List of Figures

Shunt Tap Adjustment (ElmShnt)

Shunt Tap Adjustment

1
1.1

Shunt Tap Adjustment

Common Tap Adjustment

The automatic tap adjustment is using the following internal logic.

1.1.1

Voltage Control

Figure 1.1: Voltage Control

uset : voltage set point in p.u.

u: measured voltage in p.u.
T 1: time constant
T 1 = Tctrl /(Tminctrl krelax)
Tctrl : controller Time Constant
K: controller Factor
K = 100% ncapx Kctrl orientation
Kctrl : Sensitivity dq/dv in p.u./%
ncapx: Max. no of steps
orientation: step orientation ( +1 for capacitive shunts, -1 for inductive shunts)
step: step changes
Tminctrl : is the fastest controller time constant of all automatic adjusted tap-changer and shunts
krelax: is the min. controller relaxation factor parameter in the load-flow command (Advanced
Options page)
uset : is calculated from the upper and lower voltage limits according to following equation:

uset =

Shunt Tap Adjustment (ElmShnt)

uset (upper) uset (lower)

2

Shunt Tap Adjustment

1.1.2

Reactive Power Control

Figure 1.2: Reactive Power Control

Qset : reactive power set point in Mvar

Q: measured reactive power in Mvar
T 1: time constant
T 1 = Tctrl /(Tminctrl krelax )
Tctrl : Controller Time Constant
K: controller factor
K = ncapx/Qrmax orientation iQorientation
ncapx: Max. no of steps
Qrmax: Max. rated reactive power in Mvar
orientation: step orientation ( +1 for capacitive shunts, -1 for inductive shunts)
iQorient: Orientation of reactive power ( +Q = 1 for -Q = -1 )
step: step changes
T minctrl: is the fastest controller time constant of all automatic adjusted tap-changer and
shunts
krelax: is the min. controller relaxation factor parameter in the load-flow command (Advanced
Options page)
Qset : is calculated from the upper and lower reactive power limits according to following equation:

Qset =

1.1.3

Qset (upper) Qset (lower)

in M var
2

Power Factor Control

Figure 1.3: Power Factor Control

Shunt Tap Adjustment (ElmShnt)

Shunt Tap Adjustment

phiset : power angle set point

Q: measured reactive power in Mvar
P : measured active power in MW
|S|: measured apparent power in MVA
phi: calculated power angle phi = arctan(Q/P)
T 1: time constant
T 1 = Tctrl /(Tminctrl krelax)
Tctrl : Controller Time Constant
K: controller factor
K = ncapx/Qrmax orientation iQorientation
ncapx: Max. no of steps
Qrmax: Max. rated reactive power in Mvar
orientation: step orientation ( +1 for capacitive shunts, -1 for inductive shunts)
iQorient: Orientation of reactive power ( +Q = 1 for -Q = -1 )
step: step changes
Tminctrl : is the fastest controller time constant of all automatic adjusted tap-changer and shunts
krelax: is the min. controller relaxation factor parameter in the load-flow command (Advanced
Options page)
phiset : is calculated from the upper and lower power factor limits according to following equation:
Upper power angle:
For inductive power factor (ind.):
phi(upper) = arccos(pf setp mx)
For capacitive power factor (cap.):

phi(upper) =

arccos(pf setp mx) 90 360 arccos(pf setp mx)

arccos(pf setp mx) 90 arccos(pf setp mx)

Lower power angle:

For inductive power factor (ind.):
phi(lower) = arccos(pf setp mx)
For capacitive power factor (cap.):

phi(lower) =

arccos(pf setp mn) 90 360 arccos(pf setp mn)

arccos(pf setp mn) 90 arccos(pf setp mn)

If the lower power angle is greater as the upper power angle then are the angle rotated, if both
angles are negative the reactive power orientation iQorient is multiplied by -1.

phiset =

Shunt Tap Adjustment (ElmShnt)

phi(upper) phi(lower)
2

in deg

Shunt Tap Adjustment

Figure 1.4: Reactive power orientation setting for reactive power and power factor control

Shunt Tap Adjustment (ElmShnt)

List of Figures

List of Figures
1.1 Voltage Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.2 Reactive Power Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.3 Power Factor Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1.4 Reactive power orientation setting for reactive power and power factor control . .

Shunt Tap Adjustment (ElmShnt)