Chapter 4

1. The later Greeks thought of the Bronze Age Aegean peoples as their ancestor
particularly those who in habited the islands of the Cyclades, the island of Crete,
and Mycenae, on the Peloponneseand considered their activities and culture part
of their own prehistory. They even had a word for the way they knew them
____ARCHAIOLOGIA____, knowing the past.
2. The most famous of the Cycladic artifacts are marble figurines in a highly
simplified style that appeals to the ____MODERN____ eye and deeply influenced the
artists of that era.
3. Minoan artist employed a ______BUON FRESCO_____ (2 words) technique similar
to that used by Renaissance artists nearly 3,000 years later where pigment is mixed
with water and then applied to a wall that has been created with wet lime plaster.
4. _______FAIENCE________ is a kind of earthenware ceramic decorated with glazes.
Modern ______FAIENCE______ is easily distinguishable from ancient because it is
markedly lighter in tone.
5. The legend of Minos and the Minotaur is a creation or origin myth, like the Zuni
______EMERGENCE_______ tale of the Hebrew story of Adam and Eve in Genesis.
6. _____REPOUSSE______ is a technique in which the artist hammers a design from
the inside out.
7. ______SHAFT GRAVES______are vertical pits some 20 or 25 feet deep enclosed in
a circle or stone slabs.
8. Once the ancient Greeks adopted the ______PHOENICIAN_____ alphabet in about
800 BCE, they began to write down the stories from and about their pasttheir
archaiologiathat had been passed down, generation to generation.
9. In the Iliad, each hexameter line in Homers verse is composed of six metrical
units, which can be made of either _____DACTYLS____ (a long syllable plus two
short ones) or _____SPONDEES_____ (two long syllables).
10. An ____AMPHORA____ is a Greek jar with an egg-shaped body and two curved
handles, used for storing oil or wine.
11. In Homers Iliad, Agamemnon is afraid Achilles might fly into a rage and break
the laws of ____ZEUS____.
12. The real point of the episode of the ____CYCLOPS_____ ____POLYPHEMUS____
(2 words) in the Iliad is Odysseys craftinesshis wit and his intelligencenot the
intervention of the gods, that save him and his men.
13. The Greek ______POLIS______or city-statearose during the eighth century
BCE, around the time of Homer.

14. The Temple of ____HERA____ I and the Temple of _____HERA_____ II are among
the best-preserved temples of ancient Greece are located in a place called
Poseidonia after the god of the sea Poseidon.
15. The Greek gods are sometimes more ______HUMAN_______ than humans
susceptible to every human foible.
16. The Greeks called the citadel an _____ACROPOLIS_____literally, the top of
the city.
17. _____HADES______ was the name given the god of the underworld accompanied
by his monstrous dog Cerberus.
18. The three orders of architecture in Classical Greece are _____DORIC_______,
______IONIC______, and later, ____CORINTHIAN_____.
19. Classical Greek architecture is composed of three vertical elementsthe
______PLATFORM_________, the _____COLUMN_____, and the
_____ENTABLATURE_____ which comprise the elevation.
20. The last of the orders to be developed, the Corinthian is distinguished by the
flowery burst of ______ACANTHUS_______ leaves.
21. The Greeks date the beginning of their history to the first formal
_____PANHELLENIC______ (all Greece) athletic competition (Olympics), held in
776 BCE at Olympia, Greece. (Note: women were not allowed to attend those early
games because male athletes performed while entirely nude.)
22. Although we would never mistake an early Greek figure for the work of an
Egyptian sculptorits nudity and much more fully realized anatomical features are
clear differencesstill, its ______EGYPTIAN________ influences are obvious.
23. In Greek antiquity, the ___KOUROS__ is a sculptural representation of a young
man.
24. Art produced from 600 to 480 BCE in Greece was produced in the
____ARCHAIC____ style.
25. In Greek antiquity, the _____KORAI_______, or maidens appear to have been
votive offering to the goddess Athena.
26. By the idle of the ninth century BCE an elaborate geometric style dominated the
surface of ______ATHENIAN______ pottery.
27. The Death of Sarpedon is an example of a ______RED-FIGURE______ (2 words,
hyphenated) vase.
28. Sappho wrote _______LYRIC POEMS_________ (2 words) on themes of love and
personal relationships, often with other women.
29. Today, the term _____DRACONIAN______, refers to laws such as those used in
ancient Athenian democracy describing particularly harsh punishments or laws.

30. In 508 BCE, ______CLEISTHENES______ instituted the first Athenian democracy,

an innovation in self-government that might not have been possible until the
Athenians had experienced the tyranny of Hippias.