Chapter 5

1. After the Persians destroyed Athens in 479 BCE, the entire city, including the
Acropolis, had to be rebuilt. This afforded the Athenians a unique opportunity to
create one of the greatest monumental spaces in the history of
_____WESTERN______ architecture.
2. In Athens, the principle architectural feature of the agora, was the stoa supported
by ____COLONNADES______.
3. The _____METICS_______ and the _____WOMEN_____ of Athens were not citizens
and did not enjoy any of the privileges of citizenship.
4. The role of ____WOMEN______ in Athenian social life was to take part in religious
rituals and public festivals.
5. When _____PERICLES______ says that Athens is The school of Hellas, he means
that it teaches all of Greece by its example.
6. ______CONTRAPPOSTO_______ is the representation of the human body in which
the forms are organized on a varying or curving axis to provide an asymmetrical
balance to the figure.
7. The _____PARTHENON_____ was the center of the project; the acropolis.
8. According to the ratio controlling the Parthenons design expressed in the
algebraic formula x = 2y +1, x = __17__ (what number?).
9. The Parthenon originally contained a ____40___ (number) feet-high sculpture of
Athena Parthenos.
10. The male nude on the Lapith Overcoming a Centaur reflects not only the
physical, but the mental superiority, a theme particularly appropriate for a temple
to ____ATHENA_____, goddess of both war and wisdom.
11. Socrates was heir to the second tradition of Greek philosophy, that of the
_____SOPHIST______; literally wise men.
12. For Socrates, understanding the true meaning of the good, the true, and the just
was prerequisite for acting virtuously, and the meaning of these things was not
relative. Rather, the true meaning resided in the ___PSYCHE_____, the seat of both
intelligence and character.
13. A _____SYMPOSIUM______ is literally a drinking party, exclusively for men,
except for a few slaves and a nude female flute player.
14. The purpose of love, according to Socrates; and by extension ____PLATO______,
is to give birth to beauty in both body and mind, and finally, to attain insight into
the ultimate Form of Beauty.
15. Closely related to the satyr play was ____COMEDY______, an amusing or
lighthearted play designed to make its audience laugh.

16. In Greek tragedy the conflict manifests itself in the weakness or tragic flaw of
the plays ___PROTAGONIST____, or leading character, which brings the character
into conflict with the community, the gods, or some _____ANTAGONIST______ who
represents an opposing will.
17. Despite the fact that the tragedies of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides were
largely forgotten in the Western world until the sixteenth century, they have had a
lasting impact upon Western literature, deeply influencing writers ranging from
____WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE_____ (first and last name) to the modern American
novelist William Faulkner.
18. During the Hellenistic age in the fourth and third centuries BCE, the truths that
the culture increasingly sought to understand were less idealistic and universal, and
more and more empirical and personal. This shift is especially evident in the new
empirical philosophy of ____ARISTOTLE____ (384-322 BCE), whose investigation
into the workings of the real world supplanted, or at least challenged.
19. By 332 BCE, Alexander had conquered ______EGYPT____, founding the great city
of Alexandria (named of course after himself) in the Nile Delta.
20. Lysippus transformed the Classical tradition in sculpture and began to explore
new possibilities that eventually, would define ____HELLENISTIC_____ Art.
21. Although ____ARISTOTLE____ did not create a formal scientific method, he and
other early empiricists did create procedures for testing their theories about the
nature of the world that, over time, would lead to the great scientific discoveries of
Bacon, Galileo, and Newton.
22. One of the most important ideas that Aristotle expressed in the Poetics is
_____CATHARSIS_____, the cleansing, purification, or purgation of the soul.
23. The _____PERGAMON______ altar was exported to Germany with the permission
of the Ottoman authorities in 1899, but in recent years, Turkish authorities have
expressed interest in its return with ever increasing insistence.
24. The detail of the figures on the east frieze of the Altar of Zeus represent one of
the greatest examples of the ____HELLENISTIC____ style of sculpture that depends
for its effects on its expressionism; that is, the attempt to elicit an emotional
response in the viewer.
25. The Dying Gaul is a _____ROMAN___ copy of an original bronze.
26. Among the most important sculptures of the era, the ____NIKE OF
SAMOTHRACE________. (3 words) The forward movement of her striding figures is
balanced dramatically by the open gesture of her windblown gown across her body.
27. ____ALEXANDRIA____ was a competitive city, exceeding even Golden Age
Athens in the diversity of its inhabitants.
28. Most Hellenistic portraits painted on mummy coffins using the
_____ENCAUSTIC____ process which is done with pigment mixed with heated wax,

and the artists, in keeping with the Hellenistic style, were evidently intent on
conveying something of the deceaseds personality.
29. Some historians argue the sculpture of Lacon and His Sons is a Roman copy of
the nowlost-original. Many of the works of Greek art reproduced in your text book
are not Greek at all but later ____ROMAN____ copies of Greek originals.