CHEMCADTutorials

CC-THERM Tutorial
Thistutorialwalksyouthroughtheratingofaheatexchanger.Theexampleyoull
workwithisthecondensatestabilizerexampledescribedintheCCSTEADYSTATE
tutorial,whichlookslikethis:

WhileitsrecommendedthatanewCHEMCADuserbuildthissimulationfrom
thegrounduptogainproficiencywiththesoftware,areadymadeexamplecalled
CHEMCADTutorial.CC6isalsoavailable.Thisfileislocatedbydefaultinthe
directorycalledMyDocuments\MySimulations\Examples\Tutorials.
Yourobjectiveistoratethefirstheatexchangerinthisflowsheet.Theequipment
youreworkingwithisacountercurrentgas/gasheatexchangerwiththefollowing
geometryanddimensions:

TEMAclass=R

TEMAtype=BEM

Foulingfactors=0.001bothsides

Shellinsidediameter=27

Numberoftubes=646

Tubeoutsidediameter=0.75

Tubewallthickness=0.065

Tubelength=20

Tubepattern=rotatedtriangular(60)

Tubepitch=0.9375

Baffles:10,equallyspaced

Baffletype=singlesegmental

Bafflecut=35%(diameter)

Impingementplatepresent

Shellsidenozzles=one,12

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Tubesidenozzles=one,12

BaffletoshellI.D.clearance=0.3125(diameter)

ShellI.D.toOTLclearance=0.35433(diameter)

Tubetobaffleholeclearance=0.035(diameter)

Spaceattopofbundle=2.8

Carbonsteeltubes;allothermaterialsA285C

5rowspersealingstrip

Overview of the Heat Exchanger Sizing Process

TheCCTHERMmoduleenablesyoutogenerateheatcurvesandspecifyheat
exchangers.Thisprocessinvolvesthefollowingsteps:
1. Identifythetubesidestream.
2. Generateandfinalizetheheatcurveandpropertiesonbothsidesofthe
exchanger.
3. Definegeneralinformationabouttheexchanger.
4. Specifyanydesiredtubedata.
5. Specifyanydesiredshelldata.
6. Specifyanydesiredbaffledata.
7. Specifyanydesirednozzledata.
8. Specifyanydesiredspecificclearances.
9. Specifythematerialsusedintheconstructionoftheheatexchanger.
10. Specifyanydesiredmiscellaneousdata.
11. Runthesizingcalculations.
12. Reviewresultsandcreateplotsasneeded.

Identify the Tube-side Stream

OncethesimulationiscompleteinCCSTEADYSTATE,youcanstartsizingthefirst
heatexchangerbyidentifyingthetubesidestream:
1. ClickonthefirstheatexchangericonandthenselectSizing>Heat
Exchangers>Shell&Tube.
2. Amessageboxpromptsyoutoselectastreamenteringtheexchangerstube
side.ClickOKtocontinue.
3. AttheSelectStreamsdialogbox,eithertype1orclickstream1onthe
flowsheet,thenclickOK.

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4. CCTHERMdisplaysdataforallfourstreamsaroundtheexchangerina
separatereportwindow.Revieworprintthedataasneededandthenclose
thereportwindow.

Generate the Heat Curve

Oncethetubesidestreamisidentified,CCTHERMpromptsyouthroughthesetup
oftheheatcurve.TheHeatCurveParametersdialogboxdisplaysassoonasyou
closethereportfromthepreviousstep.

Figure 11-21: The Heat Curve Parameters dialog box

Toaccountforthechangeinphysicalpropertiesacrosstheheatexchanger,CC
THERMdividestheanalysisintozones.Thesezonesarethermodynamicsegments
basedonequaltemperaturechangesorequalenthalpyincrements.Therearetwo
optionstochoosefrom:

Equalenthalpy:Incrementsofequalenthalpychange

Bubbledewpoint:Incrementsofequalenthalpychangebetweenthedew
andbubblepoints,withseparatezonesforsuperheatingandsubcoolingif
present

Thedefaultsettingisthebubbledewpointoption.Foreithersegmentation
method,youcanalsodecidehowmanyzonestocalculatefortheexchanger.The
morezonesyouspecify,themoreaccuratethecalculationswillbe,butcalculations
willalsobeslower.Theindustrystandardis10zones(11points),whichisthe
defaultentryhere,butyoucanselectanynumberbymakinganentryinthe
Numberofcuttingpointsfield.Bearinmindthatthenumberofpointsequalsthe
numberofzonesplusone.
Forthistutorial,leaveallthedefaultsettingsandclickOKtocontinue.CC
THERMcalculatesthe11pointsneededfortheheatcurveanddisplaysaplotlike
theoneshowninFigure1122.

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Figure 11-22: Heat curve plot for first heat exchanger

Thisplotenablesyoutoinspectthecalculatedheatcurveforanyobvious
problemsinthesetupoftheanalysis.ClickOKtoclosethiswindowandcontinue.

Define General Specifications

ThenextdialogboxtoappeariscalledGeneralSpecifications.Here,youcanprovide
basicinformationgoverningheatexchangercalculations,suchasprocesstype,
allowablepressuredrop,foulingfactor,TEMAclassandtype,andsoforth.
Thisdialogboxhastwotabs,andmostofthefieldsonbothtabshavedefault
settings.ThetabthatinitiallydisplaysiscalledGeneralInformation,anditincludes
thefollowingsettings:

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Calculationmode:Thisentrydetermineswhetheryouaredesigningor
ratingaheatexchanger.UsethedefaultsettingofRating.

TEMAclass/standard:ThisentryspecifiestheexchangersTEMAclass,
whichisprimarilyafunctionofitsmechanicaldetails.Usethedefaultsetting
ofTEMAR.

Orientation:Thisentryspecifieswhethertheexchangerismounted
horizontallyorvertically.UsethedefaultsettingofHorizontal.

TEMAfrontendhead,TEMAshelltype,andTEMArearendhead:To
establishthebasicconfigurationoftheexchanger,youmustdefinethese
characteristicsoftheexchangeraccordingtoTEMAdesignations.The
simplestandmostcommonkindofexchangerisafixedtubesheet,orBEM,
TEMAtype.SelectBBonnetforthefronthead,EOnePassfortheshell
type,andMFixedTubesheet(Bhead)fortherearhead.

Processtype:Insomecases,youmustidentifytheprocesstype,forexample
inthecaseofpoolboilingorfallingfilmcondensation.Inthiscase,usethe

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defaultselectionofSensibleFlowforbothtubesideandshellside,asthere
isnophasechangeoneithersideoftheexchanger.

FoulingfactorToallowforfoulingontheinsideandoutsideofthetube,
youcanenterfoulingfactors.Usethedefaultsettingof0.001(Englishunits)
onbothsides.

OntheModelingMethodstab,youcanselecttheformulastobeusedincertain
aspectsoftheheatexchangercalculations.Forthepurposesofthistutorial,usethe
programsdefaultselections.ClickOKtocontinue.

Set Tube Specifications

TheTubeSpecificationsdialogboxnowappears,populatedwithdefaultentriesin
allfields.

Figure 11-23: The Tube Specifications dialog box

Enter646intheNumberoftubesfieldandclickOKtocontinue.

Set Shell Specifications

ThenextdialogboxtoappeariscalledShellSpecifications.

Figure 11-24: The Shell Specifications dialog box

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Theonlyvaluethatyouneedtospecifyhereistheshelldiameter.CCTHERM
assumesthatthevalueenteredhereistheactualshellinsidediameter.Type2.25(the
equivalentinfeetto27)intheShelldiameterfieldandthenclickOKtocontinue.
Note: TheCHEMCADsuitehasahandybuiltinconversionfeaturethatcanhelp

wheninputfieldsrequireadifferentunitofmeasurethanthedatayouhave.Place
yourcursorinanynumericdataentryfield,andthenpress[F6]tobringupadialog
boxthatoffersconversionunitsrelevanttotheselectedfield.Typethevalueyou
haveintheappropriatefieldandpress[ENTER]toconverttootherunits.Verifythe
resultsoftheconversionandthenclickOK.CHEMCADautomaticallyselectsthe
appropriateunitsforthefieldandentersthatconvertedvalue.

Set Baffle Specifications

TheBaffleSpecificationsdialogboxdisplaysnext.

Figure 11-25: The Baffle Specifications dialog box

Mostofthedefaultentrieshereareappropriateforthisexample;youdo,
however,needtospecifythebafflespacingandbafflecut.

Baffle Spacing
Allthatyouknowforthepurposesofbafflespacingisthatthereare10baffles
equallyspaced.Eraseanydefaultvaluesforspacingandenter10intheNumberof
bafflesfield.CCTHERMwillcalculateequalspacingforthebaffles.

Baffle Cut Percent

Thebafflecutpercentcanbebasedeitherondiameteroronarea.TheBasisofcut
fieldidentifiesthebasisforthespecifiedcut;usethedefaultsettingofDiameter,and
enter35intheBafflecutpercentfield.ClickOKtocontinue.

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Set Nozzle Specifications

TheNozzleSpecificationsdialogboxnowappears.

Figure 11-26: The Nozzle Specifications dialog box

Thedefaultentriesareacceptableforthisexample,soyouonlyneedtoenterthe
insidediameterfortheinletandoutletnozzlesonboththetubeandshellsides.All
ofthesenozzleshave1internaldiameters.
Enter1ineachofthefourfieldsatthetopofthedialogbox,thenclickOKto
continue.

Set Clearance Specifications

YouwillnowseetheClearanceSpecificationsdialogbox.

Figure 11-27: The Clearance Specifications dialog box

CCTHERMalwaysdefaultstoTEMAclearances,sonormallynoentryis
requiredinthisdialogbox.Inthiscase,theclearancesareknown,soyoushould
enterthemintheeventtheydonotconformexactlytoTEMA.Youcanusethe[F6]
featurenotedearlierinthistutorialtoconvertthegivenclearancesfrominchesto
feet.
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Also,becausethereisanimpingementplate,youneedtoenterthespaceatthe
topofthebundle.Type0.233333intheSpaceatTopofBundlefieldandthenclick
OKtocontinue.

Set Material Specifications

ThenextdialogboxtoappeariscalledMaterialSpecifications.

Figure 11-28: The Material Specifications dialog box

Here,youcanspecifythematerialsofconstructionfortheheatexchanger.For
thisexample,usethedefaultentries:carbonsteelforthetubesandA285Cforall
othermaterials.ClickOKtocontinue

Set Miscellaneous Specifications

ThelastdialogboxtoappeariscalledMiscellaneousSpecifications.

Figure 11-29: The Miscellaneous Specifications dialog box

TheonlyfieldthatisimportanttothisexampleisRowsperSealingStrip.The
defaultentryof5iswhattheexamplecallsfor,soleavethedialogboxasitisand
clickOKtocontinue.

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Run Sizing Calculations

Nowthatyouhavespecifiedheatexchangerdatainalloftherequireddialogboxes,
theShellandTubeExchangermenuappears.Notethatthismenuiswhatyouwill
seeifyoureturntoshellandtubesizingforthisexchangeratanytimeafterthis
initialspecification.

Figure 11-30: The Shell and Tube Exchanger menu

ClicktheCalculatebuttononthemenu.Thecalculationwillrunveryfast,
showingruntimemessagesonthestatusbarandthenreturningyoutotheShelland
TubeExchangermenu.

Review Results and Create Plots

Nowthatcalculationsarecomplete,youcanclicktheViewResultsbuttontoseethe
resultoftheheatexchangercalculations.TheViewResultsmenuwillappear.

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Figure 11-31: The View Results menu

Clickanyofthesebuttonstoviewvariousreportsoneverythingfrombaffle
parameterstovibrationanalysis.Whenyouselectareport,thedatadisplaysina
separatewindow,whichyoucanrevieworprintandthenclose.Toreturntothe
ShellandTubeExchangermenuatanytime,clicktheExitbutton.
YoucanalsodisplayresultsgraphicallybyclickingPlot.ThisopensthePlot
menu,fromwhichyoucanselectavarietyofzonebyzonegraphs.

Figure 11-32: The Plot menu

Theseplotsopeninaplotwindow,justliketheheatcurveplotthatyouwesaw
atthebeginningofthistutorial.WhenyouclickOKtocloseanyplot,youwillreturn
totheShellandTubeExchangermenu.
Youcanalsoprinttabulated,hardcopyreportsusingtheSelectReportsand
GenerateReportsoptionsontheShellandTubeExchangermenu.First,clickSelect
ReportstobringuptheReportSelectiondialogbox.

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Figure 11-33: The Report Selection dialog box

Selectareportviewer,andchecktheboxesforthereportsthatyouwantto
generate.ClickOKtoreturntotheShellandTubeExchangermenu,thenclick
GenerateReports.Allofthereportsthatyouselectedwillbegeneratedand
displayedusingtheviewerthatyouchose.
ClickExittoclosetheShellandTubeExchangermenu,thenclickYeswhen
askedwhetheryouwanttosaveyourchanges.Youcannowrevieworprintthe
report.

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