Você está na página 1de 107

This ebook can be download from

www.vallalar.org

www.vallalar.org


ae "i ae "i
ae "i $ie%&'(

i)*+ ,--*"+
.$+"/&&


.i&$ 0/$ a1&-

$'/
,"'41 ,"'4 e$ ,6 i&7 +/i$i* "$ o,$ a$ 9"
e$: ,--*"/ ";&i9"/.
,"'41 ,"'4e$ ,6i& 7
+/i$i*"$ o,$
o,$a$ 9" ,'&a9i $ i6
='4;+ ";$&>6 i-..+ + +"
i?> +" i?'9 " i?+6" $"
+"'4+(i e"?6e. ,--"*"$ u$&>
+&$a* $" 6Ae$&> ,"
 6' a'* "
&"'4u* >i/?
 /+ i$ie":&& +" $
e&";-6i$ a-o-i'& e&";-
-i e"B .
-ia" 3803.
,"'41
,"'4"&
,+
i&7
G(;&H&> $I ,6,/ i,-H,/.

+/i*

i/("i/+

i,-H,/, i)*/, i"$.+6/, i6"&&/./, K6/)/


 i&-,
+"(i&&,".&/, 1$"/, a(&i/i"/, "L+"$,/ e$: e"/6?
 ,+
i++/'"$ ,"'41 ,"'4e$ ,6
i&7 +/I e$:
,--9e+"$ >9ii;&i9"/.
6"$+"/&-
G4,"/&-
.i/&-
*i "e/**"+
i++/i*
,,/& -.
,--*"/i$
.+&"*,/"$
i/"+&iM(+
i++/i*
,, /. ,--*"&> i$ ,6 a/,i6/, /+(/ "$ 9"'/L+ i++/i9
./&&
 *"+. +&"+" &"6i1&'-L+ +&"&,i "/i"'/L+ o,'&i*
i++/i* ./?
 & 79*"+. &"6i1&- "/i"/ i,,i,/i$ G$+i&+
a,/&'- i,,/i'.i* ',? e((i"/&&
 i+-i&&i9?.

www.vallalar.org

,-H,&> $ $ i,,/i'.i*
./
 9>/i e"$i&-,
,& &
"$9i
+i4
6"1N+
/,i,
u*&-",i
6i'*i$/"$
+&",A/'/L+ I'/L+
./&&
 *"+. i$$"-i*
&* &6 6";&-i*
"$9i u*&-",i 6i'*i* ,i-%>+ i K',L+ 6i&'-L+ 7
i++/i9
./&&
 *"+. u*&i*
"$9i G$+i& "$i&- a'$,+
,"'41 ,"'4 e$ ,+ i&7 +/i$ /.
Gi+ 6"+ i%> o"&e&$ e;?&e&"-,i*, ,-H,/ *
,--*"/ ,'/ u--,/&-i* i,-H,/ - i)*/ - '., .+>/,/ 6"*,/
- "L+"$,/ - e$ eB,'/ +;+ e;?& e&"(;- -"+. ,--9e+"$?
.+/. K .$+"/&&
 & e&"-'&&H&> o, ,--9e+" $ O/ii9
>9ii; "99iL-- +&",A// I/ G&i i,'/L+ ,-H,&> $
',?- -"+. ,--*"&> i$ &"6i1&'-L+ "/i"'/L+ ./?
 &
e&"(;- -"+.
e$ , i,,"'41 ,"'4 o" ,/i'.
1. +&",A/+ ,--*"+
2. I+ ,--*"+
3. ,-H,+ ,--*"+
4. i)*+ ,--*"+
5. .+6+ ,--*"+
6. a+ ,--*"+
7. K6/+ ,--*"+
8. +"(i&&,".&+ ,--*"+
9. "L+"$,+ ,--*"+
10. ,--*"+ &"6i1&H+
11. ,--*"+ "/i"+
e$ i $" W*&-"& a'+&i9?.

www.vallalar.org

&++ ,--*"+ e$e9" W'* 2003-i* e,-ii;- -"+.


.&&i4"+ ,--*"+ o.++ eB e"%&i i$+ 9:e9"
6i'*i* u--?.
i&&"*+
G&&"*+.
aiN+
o"&
&"*+
e$'&
79 ,(1i*'*.
oi;
"/&&
 &
71,9'9
"/?
 
e"?&&?&'-L+ a,%&'-L+ a9i,? * ,: .+/.%&H&>
=?,"& i&>+.
i)*+ ,--*"+
i)*/i$ i+6i/+ ,--*"&> i'9,$"* e;?& &"e99
W*. ,--*"/ e&"( ,4i&"1 W*. ,--*"/ &( +i4 i/X"$
i/%&H- o$:. .$+"/&&
 i$ u('+ i+6i/'& &,$i&&i*
,i-%>+ e$: ,--9e+"$ u .i?--"/. ,--9e+"$i$ .+/.
K .$+"/&&
 i9> )*+ N+ &+ G$ u('+&- a+
e"-&- * i+6i/i* u--$. i)*/ M"6%&'-L+ $
*i* e;?& 79i,/. ,"6 .i"6 .+/.+ .i$"/. i)*/ +/i*
,+ e+-$ >,i$ .A/"$ "L+"$,+
,"6 .i"6 .+/.+
K&i9"/. "L+"$,&> i$ ,6 ,--*"/ G96.+/.+ (M"6 .+/.+)
.i$"/. M"6 .+/. K .$+"/&&
 '& &(; e,-i;i$"/.
i+6i/+ "L+"$,/ "* i," G&i )$'9L+ 6$9"&
G/"6
 "* i)*/ - "L+"$,/ - ,--*"/ e$ o +/I('+ I*;+.
i)*/ ,--*"/ i,/ a-i.
6$> G/"6?
 ,i-&>,? i6W*.
i)*'/L+ ,--*"'/L+
i6W*i* ,i-&&iL- -"+.

* ,:

e.*&'-L+

,'&&-i*

a,%&'-L+

oi;

G/"6?


a,, "? e+? (i&-i* u,i,+ i.>9i.i."$.e.*,6"$,


e+? $i(i"-/ i.i/".i/" 6i/$ G&i i,+ i/ &*
"/"? i6W*&-i$ u,"&&i$
"? u$i6? * ,'&&-i*
u,i$/. 6+ .+/. .$+"/&&

G/"..
 i 6i'*i* &(i$i (i"9:+
e.*,i. i.K", e.*,i. +.+(ie+"4i
i,+ 6$9"&& &(i$i a.K
e.?,i$/. 6+$/ G/&&
 "; 6**".i/i/ I*,/ i...K6 /.$"/
a,/&- 6$> e+I
  ii u,i$"/. e+? W*&'- ,4&&+"& a..i;+
e.$'$ L'$e i/i(/X a..&"/ i.i/".e&-+.%&/ >:&i
&"*i* a4&"& a..i;,i$/. i,/&H&> 6+ a$"$ "/";+
,"4?
 &H+ u/i.
a$/&- i,,/i'. W*&'- ,"%&i i$: $e:,"/&-"&.
www.vallalar.org

,"4&! ,"4&!
,--*"/ &4* ,"4
 * ,"4,", !

22.05.2005

0/$ a1&-

i)*+ ,--*"+
i)*/ ,/*":
i)*/ &"*+
i)*/ i,-H,&>& &"*"9 i9,/. i"$.+6&>
9,/. i)*/ &"*+ &i.i.\6"+ W99"(; e$? a('+&&"*,
9&"*, G,"-/ *&>+ o 16 e&"-'&.
i,-H,/ &"*+ &i.i.* W99"(;,
i"$.+6/ &"*+ - &i.i.=4"+ W99"(;,
i)*/ &"*+ &i.i.\6"+ W99"(;,
e$: 1,"&iL--?.

i)*/ &i*",".i
&i'*i*i6? ,6? &i'*& & +A(
 ,/
i)*/ &i*",".i. &i'*i*i6? ,6? &i'*& & +A(
 ,/.

a6i i-+i'9& &((i a((*"/ &i'*i$i*


6' 6i&4 &"iN&> 9e 6"&+"&i
i6i/$ +"* a$ *"+ i'+,/&- e69i aH+
66i i,- e99 6"$+'9 "&i&- o,/ -1

+99,/"+ a(i+"i , .ii e9:'"/


www.vallalar.org

e&"99,$"/ i&&i'*
i'* +'*6i$:+ >:$i"*
u99e" &('+i$"* u$ .i*6"- u'9,9>
699+i4i$ e"i+'* 6(9> ,4i&e&"("/-2
e$: e/iI/"(+ &i'*i*i6? e"i+'*
7:&i9?.

6"&&i a,/ ,+ ,/',&

-e/iI/"(+ 3594; 3595


i,," 9 a,/ ,/',& 7:+ e/iI/"(+ i,",;?'9i*
i+6i/(i' 6i'9e.?, 6i'9,i*, a,/ +A(;
 + i&&i'*& &
i+I,'

$$i ae"-+"'* +i4 ),"i/ ."i


+$$i ),"i/ "( 1I,i +* +&i46
 i6?
e.$$i+i a(i6"/+ i,-"* i&&i'*
$$i*
i* a'$6 e"&"N+ i/i"'+ "-'6"/
-27
e$: 79i i)*6"$"/ I/"(' 6i'9e.&i9?.
ie"(/ I/"(+ i,,": 79, ie"(/ I/"(."/+ "1
u+"i .i,"."/i/, o / "*i* i)*/ ,/*"9'9. K%&& 7:,"/",
s&i*" e".i
e".i/ e"ii9

./,"/s

e$: "'* e"%&i,


s &"i'* ,&i'* >:&i$" /"s
e$: "'* 1&&i9"/.
i)*/ &i'*i*i6? ,6"/ e$9> G"/+"$, a&.."$9"$,
"*&- i+6i/i *  u--$.

www.vallalar.org

e"-&&+
1.$
1.$'/........................................................................................1
'/........................................................................................1
2.i)*/ ,/*":.........................................................................4
3.7;,i
;& 7;"6
 ?.........................................................13
3.
.........................................................13
4.a/.1i*
.......................................................14
4.a/.1i* ,+ - "&+.......................................................14
5.i)*/ i/"+(/"?..............................................................22
6.i+6i/ ,/*":....................................................................26
7.a$  .i,+.............................................................................49
.............................................................................49
8.o(
 '$ a1"+ G(,+..70
..70
8.o(+"9: - o/i,/
9.i66"-i* i+6i/+..........................................................97
..........................................................97
10,i$i.
............................100
10,i$i. e. ,(1 i+6i/ (i&-............................100

e.*&i$9 ,"99i .i,$i .i.$


e,*&i$9 "$? +i& &"/ $i,/"
*&i$9 ,/ aK//6// +"*
o*&i$9 ,"$,4i b;,6  $

-83

,i-&&i /+">+ e+


 "$+ ."i
a-i* e'+$ G$6 66i
www.vallalar.org

?-&&+ G$6& 7$e."9 "6?


,-i* &i'* ,4ii*,6  $

-91

,"$,4ib; ,6  $, &i'* ,4ii* ,6  $ e$$, i)*/ ,"$,4i


,6,/ &i'* ,4i,6,/ e$9> a&.."$:&-.
i)*/ &i'*i*i6? ,&i9"/
- ,/
i,",;?'9i* %&i ,+ e.&i9"/.
i+6i/' aH&i9"/
+A(;
 + &i'*& & i+I&i9"/

- iI
- e.*

i)*/ ,/*": &i'*i* e"%&i& &i'*i* 6i'9e:&i9?.


i&&"*i "(
  c "i( (point to point) 6? "&>,/'
"*.
K6// ,/*":+ i1"$. &i'*i* e"%&i& &i'*i*
1&i9?. $$+ &i*",".i"& i6 K6//, ie"( e"'&
/ "?,"/, i6",f/i* ,6? i9&&i9"/. (i 16?+ i'9,$ +A(;
 +
&i'*& & a'4?& e&"-&i9"$. ("i( c "i() .
e/iI/"(+
i1"$
1&i9?. ("i( c "i() .
e/iI/"(i$
&i'*i* K6// I&4

&i'*i*

e"&&+ i+'*.
.e:*.

e"%&i&

.&&+

&i'*i*

i+'*..i9I,

e/iI/"(i$ 6i'9 e,--"'$. .&&+ K6// e,-'- "'$


=9i& &i'*&> +A-
 *.
i+'* e$9 e/ ',(, u*&i*"$ +i>i"& ,4%>&i9?.
',(, i&- *. a,9:- o$ 9 o$: sis e99 i; ii.
e6;+"*i$ +'*&- *. a,9:- o / o +'* sis e99 +'*; i+'*
(i ,%&+). ii e$? 0/i$ e/. i+'* e$? +'*i$ e/.
ii i+'* e$9 e/&- i ,%&i9 & u/i i' e"?
e/&-", .i9I e/&-" ,i-%>&i$9$. i ,%&+ e$9"*
e/i,',i ii i+'* e$9" * 6$> e/iL+. ',(, u*&i*
i+'*
e$9
e/i
e: ,"/
+i&*/.
i ,%&'"$
&"iN&>
i+'*
ii ,X"$+
(1.1. ,X"$+
T.T.
Devasthanam)
e$ 
ai&"/h/,+"$
e/.
i+'*
e$9$
e**"&>+ e/i?+ 6i'$&>+ ,,? ii +'* . &i'* +'*'
i+'* e$: e'$ '.,/&>
  e/iL+. e/iI/"(+ 1,/&-
+; + a9i&7;+. a,-H+ e'$ / 6$> 0$9i
6"&&i
u(/6
 "/& -"! i'& a'+&'-e**"+ a9i/&H+ a$/&H+
www.vallalar.org

e"?+&&H+ a9i6?
i/+ ,i/i?.

"99

,(;+ e$9&"&"$ i%&i'$ i,,-

e/iI/"(i* *i* &i'*, 1,i* &i'*


K6// ,/*"99i* *i* &i'*, 1,i* &i'*
i)*/ ,/*"99i* *i* &i'*, 1,i* &i'*
'., *%&-i* *i* &i'*, 1,i* &i'*, e$? *,/i'..
N+ &i'* 1+ &i'* e$? o $i..i9I. a..i9'. K6/&>
$ , e/iI/"(i9> $  i)*/ $*i9 e:&i9"/.
i)*/i$ 0/
i)*' 0/ )*' 0/"&i ."j / e$"/ u-/.
i)*/ +i46", / e$:+ "$&*,i &99&"& +i4&i*i6 
a,/ &i'*& >>*?&>. e.$9i6"/ e$:+ ?1'.&i4"/ .i+/$"/
7:&i9"/.
i)*/
+i46"19
i96?
,-/6?

i$$/
&i'*
e.$9i&&*"+. i+6iN+, e/i I/"(iN+, ='$ G"/%&-iN+
a,/? 0'/ 99i .K i*'*. G*i$ i)*/ i96 0/ i$$e$
e/i,i*'* e$  u('+.
i)*/i$ e/
s6+i/"$ i)*$s e$: K6// 7:&i9"/.
s)*$"&i a%&( $s e$&i9"/
6+i"("/6+i.
s."j/ G +
 "/ >1 "$9i................
6i'/e+
 "$
)*e$+ e'"$....................
a,*i* +i'/ "
 i$"/.
"
 ii$ i)*/" e4N+s e$: 7:&i9"/

.&&i4"/.

)*' u+i* i)*/ 7;,i;& 7;"6


 i$ a,&>
i)*/ e$9 e/ =9? e$?
.&&i4"/ &?. ,/*"9:
e"&&i*
i)*/i$
$'$
e/
i$$e$:
.&&i4"/
>9ii,i*'*. &i'*i* 66i- e99 6"$+'9 "&i&- o,/ e$:
+; + 7:&i9"/. &i*"? o .i/ e$: u+"i .i,+ 7:&i9"/.

www.vallalar.org

."j/ i'$ )*' u+i9 I>6i$$/"$ a,&>


i)*/ e$9 e/ =9?. )*$ u+i9 I>,9>$ a,&>
,4%&i e/, i)*/i$ i9e/, i$$e$ e/i,i*'* e$ 
u('+.
i)*/i$ i9e/ K6/6"$ e$: ?1'.&i4"/ 7:&i9"/.
sK6/$
G&+.
i+6i/'L+

e."$

e+"4i6" $s

i+6i/+

e$9

sK6/ 6"$ e."**i +6i/+s - +6i/+ W: e$+ +6i/+ 6W:


"'*L+ G"/%&-"&& &";&i9"/.
sK6/$ G&+s e$? ./i"$ "+$:, sK6/ G&++s e$ 
./i"$ "+ e$:79i a9i/ *+ ?1'.&i4"/i$ 79'9 =9&
+:&&i$9$/.
i)*/i$ i9e/ .i,$i .i.$ e$: 7:,"+ u-/. i)*/
i+6i/i* s.i,$i .i.$s e$: ,+i' (83) G"/+"&& &";,/.
i?+ e"+"& "$9,i*'*.
i)* ,/&>
 .
.".i,$i&e-$:+
e/
e,--i+*,"($i,/ i6i..
'/i9 7:&i$9"/.
i&79: e"+"& u--?; +i&& &&"& u--?.
66i
66i
66i
66i

e$:
$i,/i$

a-" * )*'$ 6"1i$


a-" * .".i,$ Gi $$
a-"* e+ "$?- 6((i $$
a-" * 6"$i6  $
-92

e$+ i+6i/i* s.".i,$ Gi $$s e$ ,,'& &"(&. .".i,


$i&- e$9 e/ i)*&> 99iN+ e"+"$?.
i+6i/i9>. .".i, G&++ e$+ o e(;. a('+i*
1977-i* e,-i,6 i+6i/+ )*" Gii* i".i/i/ "&/
K.a(("+'* .".i, G&++ e$+ ie'/ W*i$ & 1N+
G $'/iN+ >9ii;--"/. .".i,$ e$? i)*&> 66i
a-i A&'
 & e/ e$:+ 79iL--"/.
K6/6"$,
.i,$i.i.$
e$9
e/&e-**"+
,("+.
.".i,$i&- e$9 e+ .i9I e/"& oI9+ i&&;+.
a'+;+. a'$,+ a9i6 e"?e/"$ i)*/ e$9 e /
a,&> "?+. * e."**i& >4 ,("+.
www.vallalar.org

10

i)*/i$ >
i)*/i$ > i66i ,/. 66i ,/ &i*"i* l&(
/+.i,i+ u .+ e99,/. s66is e$? .i,e+"&>+ e/.
i66i ,&>+ e/. 66i ,/ &i'*i* .i,e+"$ .66iii*
9e6"&+"& i&4,/. e%e&**"+ .i,+ u( " a%e&**"+
66i ,/ u(;.
i66i ,/i+ u .+ e99,/.
(i$'9 e+"4ii* +"(,/) i)*/.

i66i

,/i$

+"("&&/

66i a-e99 6"'/ 6"11$


66i&- 6"*,/ .i, "& +"$i
+$: e"B .*i ,i"&/+/
e$(:) i,/ e$ $"(;) e(++ G + - 67
66i
66i
66i
66i

a-" * 6"$"+ /e9 9"+


a-" * )*'$ 6"1 $"+
a-",(?)e$e.L+ 6"1$i*
,4i&" 6"$i6  $
-68

66i i'(1 6"$


 '* +9e&"(;
6"$
I6ii$ u- - I&e? "99ie.(?)
a6i +iI'$ a/$1 6"- ":+
.i6' e.(?) G&++ e.N9 9 $

-73

e$+ i+6i/%&- i)*/ ,"&&"&i a&.."$:&-"+.


i)* /"; u$i$ 9"/ - i)*/i$o ."'* +"("&&/&-
i)* /"; &i'*i* u$i$9,/&-, o ."'* +"("&&/&-,
e(+/ (e; /). e(+/ e$?+ a,/ i$$i$$"/ e$?+
66i a-e99 6"'/ 6"11$
66i&- 6"*,/ .i, "& +"$i
+$: e"B .*i ,i"&/+/
e$(:) i,/ e$ $"; e(+ +" +

-67

e$+ i+6i/"9 e9;+.


66i&- 6"*,/","/:
www.vallalar.org

11

1. .$&/
2. .$6$/
3. .$"$/
4. .$>+"//
i..$&"i 6"*, /";
5. .i, "&+"$i
6. .*i
7. ,i"&&i/+/
8. i)*/
G& e(+/.
66i&- 6"*,/ i$$i$ $"/, "/ "/, e$' i)*/ +?
WN- e%>+ 79,i*'*. i$,6 "/, .$&/ *i 6"*,/ e$&
79iL--$/.
e,--i+*,"($i,/
i
6i..
'/i*
s66i&("*,/","/ .6&/, .69>+"//, .66$/, .6"$/ e$ "/",/s e$:
7:&i9"/.
i)*/i$ ,4i,6 "/ - .A/&-
i)* /"; u$i$ 9"/ eB,/ "$ 9 i)*/i$ ,4i ,6 "+
(.A/&H+) eB,/.
+6i/+ e99 ,4i'9 +"*"%&$
i6i/$ ."+$ i/+$ ui/$
&6i& &"*"%&i &. +'* $";
i6 eB,+ e$,4i " +

-69

i)*+ ,4i,+ eB,/.

1. +"*"%&$
2. i6i/$
3. ."+$

+"*%& .i/
i6i/ .i/
."+.i/
www.vallalar.org

12

4.
5.
6.
7.

i/+$
ui/$
&6?& &"*"%&i
&.+'*"$

i/+ .i/
ui/.i/
&"*"%&i .i/
&.+'*. .i/

i,/&-i* .i*&>
,/ e$:+ e/. i,/&- eB,/i* i$:
*/"N+ a9i e: ,"/ &"*"%&iL+ &.+'*. .i+ G,/. &.+'*
.*?&> a & u--?. i+I"? 6i'96 i+. i+I u&>
e"4i9."'* =9 i+.
i)*/ e$$";

"6?

,& & i++


e9 & e"i+
i,,i/(;+ ('& &"*6e" 
I&4e99',.
se"9
&"; i++ e"i+s e$? I96"j: (2). ,& &
i++"* ,'/i* &i'*+"* ,'/i* .i,e+"$ - e9 & e"i+"*
,'/i* a&i/.
.i,e+"&> a; 1"$ .i9I 66i+ e+"&> u--?
"$ 9 >:$i"&i a&i&>+ u(;.
a&i/ .i/.A,i, a$:+ u--,/, i$:+ u--,/, e$:+ u--,/.
e$:- e$9+i4 "$: e$: --,/ a&i/.
a&i'/& &(; a-,-",i a, /"; .i* 6"- u'9 ,i+i&
&i'*i*i6? e"i +'*&> I9;&i9"/ i)*/.
s66i i,- e99 6"$+'9
"&i&- o,/..........i&&i'*
+'* 6i$:+ >:$i"* u99e"
&('+i$"* u$ .i* 6"-
u'9,9> 699+i4i$ e"i+'* 6(9> ,4i&e&"("/s e$:
i)*/i$ e"i+'* ('. .&&i4"/7:&i9"/.
e"i+

6"&&i I9 i)*/ ,4ii*

i& &"/+ ,4i;


Ki 6"-' (i6?
&%'&"1
&".i' (i6 i
i+ (l'.*+) i'9.i
i&&"-i' ,(%&i
www.vallalar.org

13

i,"*%&"' e"B?
=&"+/+ (&".i) (i6?
&".i 6&/i* .i*
a-,-",i i$$/

&"*+

',&i$"/.

a%&i6

"&

$i,/&H$

i,i'&' i'9.i
e+99I*ib/"+ i*'*' (.i+/') ,6'6"/.
i*'*i* i6$%&(?
i*'*
,6'6
i)*/
a% & 
.i*&"*+
%&i
i..i99+*?- i6$% &(; i$I99"/. &i'* +'*. .i/&H-
.i*/ */ i*'*&> ,6? i6$% &(,/& -. a,/&H- &&i+" $"/
.*iL+
,i"&&i/"+.
i,,i,+
i)*/?
o
."'*
+"("&&/&-. .*i i*'*i* i6$% &(,e/$' i)*/
+$:e"B .*i e$: >9ii;&i9"/. .*i'L+ ,i"&&i/ "'/L+
"$ 9 i)*+ i*'*i* i6$%&(,/.
si*" +$9i* $i&7?& &(i$
oi* eB &"1L&+ i6  $s
-74
e$? i+6i/+. i)*/ &( i&7i$ i9+ i+6i/i*
i&7? /i.$+ e$9 '*i* o$"6 6i/i* 2722 * 2803
1 u-- 82 "*&-i* 79e:&i9?.
i,",;?'9' ,4i?
i*'*i*
%&i
,4i;
i6$%&(
i)*/
i,",;?'9&>. e.*N,9>&"& I9; ,4ii* &",i/i&&'/'
a'6"/. &",i/i&&'/' a'6'.
.&&i4"/ s&*,i: 6i'9"
&",i/ii$ &'/ a'(6"/s e$: ";&i$9"/ (3576) a$'9 &",i/i &*
,i: 6i'9" &",i/i. i$: &",i/i 6A/ &'* e , i*'*. &",i/i
6A/
 
 %&A1
 * &/6"& +"6i*i9>+ +i4 6"19>+ &/":. .%&
i*&&i& &",i/i'L+ .i*i&"/& &",i/i'L+ 1? ,i; i$:
&(e(i / &",i/ii$ &".i'& &"+ "? &(&- &*%>&i$9$.
i)*/ s&",i/i 6A/
  e6A/
 
 + &*6"1s$"/. &",i/i'& &6?
&'/ =9i G,;?'9' a'6"/. .i*&"*+ i,",;?'9i* %&i
,4i"/.

www.vallalar.org

14

7;,i;& 7;"6
 ?
i,",;?'9' 6A%&
 i e"i' 6"&&i I9"/. I9;+
"? a,,i' ,i; 6A%&
 ,("+ e$9 e((+ '-? eB6?.
a&>9ii$"* '"? I9"/. a&iN-- ."j/i* &",i/i&
&'/;'&i* K&7e+"$: ,6i I*+I,'& &("/.
."j/ a6(/ + a4&i 0/. a,n/i* G +
 "/ >1i*
"$9i,$ )*$ e$+ e' i'$. a,$ &",i/i&&'/ ;&/i*
K&&'- +?
 & e&"(16 "? ,i'$ ,6? o4 ui/i46? 6i*i*
,A46
 
 "$. i96? &i6 i'$ )*$i$ u+' a% &
+6?

e&"(16 K&&- ,6? o46?

+"6? "/?
 & &9i$. i&&".i'&
&( i)*/ i'9,$ a-" * aK&&-i$ ?/' 6A&&
 ,(;+
e$: e((i$"/. i96,/ ui/ e9: eB6"*$9i G&&- i/6A%&
 "
e$: u(/6
 "/. "+ e9:-- 7;,i;& 7;"L+ /&" i/ ,.
.ii"*, )*$ u*i* + ui'/ a',i&& e((i, + u+I&> a/(
e.?, a,' u*i* +' ui'/ "
 i$"/ ("..
 i$"/)
"
 ii$ )*$ u+i* i)*/" eB6"/. K&&e-**"+ +&i4p
6"B+
6&&i,
+"6?,
&'$?,
&-ii$"*
,"e*;??--i,
?/6A%&
 i,", " + e"%&i$.
K +6' +&i49& &( i)*/ a', +L+i+ ":+ i$ e.$:,
a', +6
 i$ &",i/i?'9i* 6A/ a6i 6i4N&> ,+ ,'/ i$i"&
I9%&""/. +"'* ,6?99?+ K&&- &$:&'- 6i'$6? ."j/
6"&&i
i+i$.
i)*+
a,99i$
i$
e.$9"/.
e.$9,/,
K&&e-**"+ +'$ ":+ I& "+ e,-i  6i$9"/.
$,A;
 ,"i*i* 6i9'& &( i'$ )*$i$ +'$,i e"B?
"$i$ &"*6"4?

+A(
 "/ e$: ?$ a,/ a & e.$: a,/
6i$9 6i'*'& &(; a,/&>

= " A%>

6/6?
 --? e$: e((i
a,'/ e" "&, +'+ e";9> i)*/ i'.,i*'*.
i-'-&H+ u9,i$/&H+ i**" a,- +$+%&i 6i'*-/6?

e$e.A/? u%&H&> e$$ 6/6
 ?? e$: &"-. a9> i)*/
i%> u$&> e$ $"; o e"/I+ i*'* e$: +:*i?&79i a"*
e.$: a%&i6 o e"? +i- I>6"/.
)*$ +'$,i, $ &(,$ i*I
,9"$'+&(; i/e,**"+
a, /";
."+N+ a,'/ e6%&"+N+ u9%&"+N+ i6 e"B?
,i16i$ i'$ */i?+ '9i"-. i,9'9e**"+ &(
a%&i6 6* *"/&-, i? i$:, ,e9?+ a$:, i,/ .i, "&i*
www.vallalar.org

15

i&&i9"/, i$ e'+ "/"N+ a-9> a/i?, i,/ 9:+ u(/6



$i,/"&i ,i"/, $ "* u%&- i**9 ,"4,i$ i*I&> e"/ e$:
79i a,'- 99i a,,i+ ,i; a'4?. e.$9$/.
i66i'*i* i)*/ a%&i6? eB6i6? K&&- ,6 ,4i 
e.$:, "+ &"i* ',i6 + u'* 1 "? a? &"("+9
"i'& &("/.
7;,i;& 7;"L+ /&" i/ ,. .ii' e99i6 i)*/
K&&-i$+A? e&"( /i,"*, i'$ )*$i$ .i96 u+i* +
ui'/ I>i$"/. K&&-i$ a "i ?/+ A/6
 
 $. i "?
i)*/i$ e."6 u+I &"("+9 ",i?. a&,i*'*. i'$
)*$ u+i *  i&& ,(1 i$9i'+"'+(&"+) =9;,i?.
i'$ u*i *  .i/ i6?,i"/. a,$? e / .i&>+
e/"i9:. ui/ .i'?. u+I+ + )*'', .i/ ui+
)*$ u+I+ ./6?
 i)*/"i$.
+A(;
 + i,",;?'9' a'6?
)*$
u*i * 
"+
i&&
,(1'L+,
$$/
i,",;?'9' ,i; a&N+ "  sa66i'*'+ "$' a&*"e"
&? $$i eB6 >9i's L+ &i i,",;?'9i *  i6?,i
e((i$"/. ."j/i$i$:+ +'+ e"/6?

,6 i'& >*"/&>

G:* 79i ai a,/&- +)/&>
 +A(
 i$ i,",;?'9& &"i'*
a'6"/.

a/.1i* ,+ i)*+ o

"&+

"i +",/.

+A(;
 + i,",;?'9&> ,6? ./6

i)*/ i,",;?'9&
&"i*i* u-- a/.+/i$ a1i* a+/6? $e$;%&"*+ "&i6"/.
6/i'4 ","- 6i/i. "$6
' "-e$ i9: "(,-
.A' "- .i,$G,; (?'9
.A' "- ./6
 i6  $
-78
./6
 i6
i6 $.i, +%'&$ %&'$
./6
 i6 $.i, $G,; (?'9
./6
 i6 $.i, "ii$ 6A4*i*
./6
 i6 $.i, 6"+%&- Oi  -79
www.vallalar.org

16

"$ '*,i$ 66i 6&/I&>


0$+i* o$? &"1 L&6-
"$" *"1 6"'$ a/..
 i?
6"+ i6 $69 "ii$ &A 4
e$+
i+6i/%&-
i,",;?'9i*
"&i*i69> a&.."$:&-"+.

-82
a/.

G,;( ?'9 a'(6? a%(>)


a+e"'- u9 ,(%&i
+,"/ I9& >"*
+i& >/6
 a/.i$ &A4
 
,i&'& a+/6
 -i.
.i, "&6 '* 6i$:
h ,*+ i?
e" -";+ I(/6
 i6"/

+/i$

a1i*

-3593

e$? e/iI/"(+.
I+
i)*+
a/.+/i$
&A4
,+i6,/&-
a/.+/+
+/%&H&e&**"+ a/K (king of Trees). a$"* a/.+/+ e$: e/
e99?. +/%&-i* 6"$ a/.+/+"& i&&i 9$ e$: &((i/"$ &A'i*
7:&i$9"/.
+/%&-i* a/K,

,+I, G* i+)$:+ .i96',

a/K G($'+ u'?


,+I e($'+ u'?
G* i$'+L+ u'?
a/K .i,?&> u/i?
,+I .&i&> u/i?
G* .i,+, ,iM i/(19>+ u/i?
a/.1i* "$ &,"$ I/ "$+ e99"/. a/K&>
"i
e$e9" e/. "+ e$9"* "$+. "i +/+ e$9"* "$+/+. I/
"i +/1i* ,+i6? "$+ e99"* s "i +",/s e$ e/
e99"/. "i .?,/ e$ e/ e99"/. e-/&- "i ,i.'
+i&+ .i9"&
"9:,/. e- .%&' +&" "i .%&+ e$ 9
,4%>,/. G%&i*iN+ +&" "i e."'.1 e$/. I &'i*i6
"i
+/i$
&i'-e"$:
i*%'&&>&
e&"(;
e.**e9:
i*%'&i*
e-+
/,&
&"/(+"i9:.
I/
a/.+/1i*
,e."/, "$+ e99"/, I/ "i +",/ e$? u*&+ 6$&9i6?.
www.vallalar.org

17

i)*+ a/.1i* ,e."/, "$+ e99"/, i+6i/'


i99i$"/, i)*+ o
"i+",/ e$' a6 a-&> u*&+
a9i"?.
s ./6
 i6 $ .i, "ii$ 6A4*i*s
s6"+ i6 $
$69 "ii$ &A 4s
e$: i)* / 7:&i$9"/ (i+6i/+ 79;82)

"i'. .i, "i e$&i9"/.

i,",;?'9i$ *+/+ a/K. / a/K a&iN-- +(i$


+N+ +i-i$ +N+ a/.+/& &i'-&- /6
 i' i$:+ &"(*"+.
&i'-&- ,i/i6? /6
 i"* / a/K e$: e/ e99?.
i,",;?'9&> a/K ,$+ e$: o e/. G,;?'9&
a+*+ a/.+*+, "i a+*+.

&"i*i$

a/. ,$+"&i i,",;?'9i* a/.+*+"&i i& &"i*i*


//."&i .i, "ii$ 6A4*i*, .i, "ii$&A 4 "&i6 i)*+ o
"i+",/.
i+6i/+ a-"N+ i&&i'*

./N+

i)*/ i+6i/ W'* a-i'L+ a$i$ i&&i'*&>.


e.$:
./6
 'L+ e/iI/"(+ i$,+": i/(; e.L-&-"9
7:&i9?.
0$ u+i* i9,i,i+
A/6
 ?
 u*& "/ u
"$+ * 6"$>+ a*/
6* i+6i/ +"'*
"$'+ '9 O/"(;&>
o$9"& /+e"-"+
=$ ei: a(i6"'/
so$9 ,$"$s e$ e;?

-3594

www.vallalar.org

18

$$i a e"- +"'*


+i4 ),"i/+ ."i
+$$i ),"i/ "(;
i I,i +* +&i46
 i6?
e.$$i +i a(i6"/
 +
"/
i a-"* i&&i'*
$$i* a'(6? o&"N+
i/i"'+ "- a'6"/

-3595

G(;&>
o
"*"&
i+6i/+
),"i/+
"'*L+
"1$"e/$:+, ),"i/+ G(;&- iI,i +* +&i46
 i6? a$ +*
.i,e+"$ i,-"* i&&i'*' a'6? e&&"*+ .i,e+"'$
,i; i/i" 6i'*' a'6"/ e$: e/iI/"(+ 7:&i9?.

i)*/ ),"i/+ G(;&- i6"/"?


s),"i/"(; iI,i +* +&i46
 i6?s e$. .&&i4"/ 7:&i9"/.
i+6i/+ ),"i/+ G('& >9ii,i*'*. =B
&"1 L&%&-
i6"&+, e((99 &"1 L&%&- i6"&+, o$? &"1 L&%&-
i6"&+ 7:&i9?.
e.I+ .i,"&++ e$+a /e9:+
a1 6*>+ a-66i "-e9:
i*" +$9i* $i&7?& &(i$
oi* eB &"1 L&+i6  $

-74

i6
i6
i6
i6

-80

$i& &"  e((i*i &"1


$ i/"&* a99 i 
$ i'+,/ =?+  
$ e$66i i'(1& &A 4

"$ '*,i$ 66i 6&/I&>


0$+i* o$? &"1 L&6-
"$" *"1 6"'$ a/..
 i?
6"+ i6 $69 "ii$ &A 4

-82

s=B &"1L&+s se((i*i &"1s so$? &"1L+s e$: &"1&&(&&i*


7:,"* i)*/i$ ,"46"'- i'$ G(;&- e$ 6i..i&&
i*,i*'*. a,/ .i/"*i$ $e$;% &"*+ i6i"/ e$i*
\+i*'*. i)*/ i+6i/' i99i-i &"*+ (a,/? ,"4,i$
6i'9,"$&"*+) &i.i.\6"+ W99"(1$ i9>i G9"+ W99"(1$
9>i e$: G,"-/ *+ e&"-&i$9$/. i9> $j: G(;&H&>
www.vallalar.org

19

$ 
i)*/
&i'*i$i$:+
e$$";&>
,6i&&*"+.
i,",;?'9i* e6;%&"*+ i6i&&*"+. e$$";&> ,,9> $
&i'*i* a,/ i6&"*+ e,,- ,"? i)*'/
"$9 .i/&-i$
GL-
i,,-e,$&
&(i9i*
i*"
o$9">+.
i+6i/i$
"*e"'& ),"i/+ G*"N+, G(;&> o "*"& "1$"/
e$"N+ ),"i/+ G(;&- a,/ i6"/ e$.
.&&i4"/ 79i$"/
"N+.
G(;&e&" "*"&
"*"& "1$"/"?
so/"(;&> o$9"&s e$. .&&i4"+ sG(;&e&" "*"&s e$.
.&&i4"'/ a1e"99i  u+"i .i,+ 7:&i$9$/. i,/&- i,,":
7:,' u."/ ,4&&"& e;?& e&"-- ,(;+ ,i/ u('+ ,4&&"&
=9:& e&"-- i*,i*'*.
i+6i/i$ * >i&- &"N+ 6'"N+ e"/6? ,+
a'+i* u--$. .i** "*&- e-i'+"& u--$. +i& e-i'+"&+
.i** u--$. +i&& &;'+"& /i"'"* a'+6?-- "*&H+
.i**. a', 6+&>"$ a9i9>& &;'+"$', $9i, i)*&>
";,9>& &;'+"$', $:. o,e," "'*L+ O/"(; .i6'$&>
i$ "1$"/, G(;&> o ","& "1$"/ e$? e"+"& i*'*.
.i* >i&'- e"/6?
 +, .i*>i&'- i'i'  .i*&"*+ ,i;
,i;+ "1i&&*"+. i+6i/'. e.? 1&&& .i* G(;&-
G&ii&&*"+. a**? * G(;&- G&i i&&*"+. o / )..i* "1
1&& ,(;+ e$i*'*. G(;&> o "*"& " ,(;+ e$?+
i*'*. e**"+ i,- ,((+. +i&>. ."ii* $i*'*. a? (.i*
.+%&-i* .i* i%&-i*) ,(" ,'*L%7. r(;+ a,," 9.
i+6i/ "*e"'&
i+6i/+
),"i/+
"*&'-&
e&"(e$:
i+6i/.
e.L-&- 6"$>+ (99;100;101;3046). e/iI/"(+ 7:&i$9$. e/i
I/"(+ 7:,' $I e;?&&"1 $"+. i+6i/+ ),"i/+ e$: 7:+
i+6i/. e.L-&- i$,+"::
)*$ u'/e. )," i/6+i4
"*+
"*+ a9i , 66i a-?
&"'* eB6? &9i6 "i1$
"* '*,'$ 6(, /$ 9

-99

', /i . ,'&,'& 6$j*i$


i 1,i? )," i/i *
Iie. h/,? )," i/+e"?
www.vallalar.org

20

', .i9I +i', " $

-100

i,,i+6i/%&H+ si+6i/ e"'&..i9Is e$9 '*i* u--$.


,6 + +B +$.$ +"/&&
 i$
6i ui&&i$9 )*$ +,'/
6i/+ o$? ."/ ),"i/+
K6/ G&+. e."*e+"4i6 " $
i++6i/+
*",?.

s>+

)*
)*
)*
)*

,/*":s

'/e.
'/e.
'/e.
'/e.

e$9

'*iN--

)," i/6
i/6+i4
6W: +6i/+
 ? .+
)$:+ o$9" +

-101
i/(;

+6i/%&H-

-3046

e$+
i++6i/+
i+6i/i$
r99i*
r999
e.L-"&
(&'.i"N&> $"*"&) u--?. i'$ a;? ,"4?
  "N$
i+6i/W* 9:e:&i9?.
),"i/+ ),"i/+ e$: o$:&> \6"&, \6?'9, \6?
i%&-i*, 79e:,"* i+6i/i$ "* e"'& 3000(),"i/+)
e$? u('+L+ u:iL+ G&i9?. i+6i/+ ),"i/ +. a9> +*i*'*.
i "? ,4%>+ i+6i/ iI&-i* ),"i/i9>+ +i>i"$
(ai&+"$) "*&- &"(;&i$9$.
.+" ii* so$9,$ " $s e$9 "* e"%&i s,"4& , ,"4&s
e$9 "* 1 W* 3047 (),"i/? 6"9 B) "*. si6i$
i-+i'9s e$+ ,i6"&/ &"I e((i e9,i*'*. &(&&i9
./,i*'*, W*i9 ./,i*'*, W*i$ $$/ ',&&e9:--?. W*i:ii*
si9 W*&-iN+ u'/&-iN+ (ai&+"&) &"(;+ i+6i/+ e.L-&-s
e$: 11 (i $") "*&- $i  ./&&
 e9:--$.
i$6"- &".i+i$ (l',>(+) ii*, .+" i'
"$ 9 W* 3047 (),"i/? 6"9 B) "*&-. W* i:ii* ai&
"*&- e$:, u'/W*&-i* &"( "*&- 47, e; i/ii*
&"( "*&- 14
./?
 , a,99i9>+ W'* e"/6?

e"/
e((i;, i+6i/+ 99i9:, G&.e.L- 3108 e$: 1?&
&"e9:--?.

www.vallalar.org

21

'.,.i"6 W9iI& &4& ii* 3000 "*&- W*"&+ W*


*i* .i9I "i/+ =B "*&-, W* i:ii* ,"4?
 o "* G&
e; "*&H+ u--$.
i+6i/i* o / "* i/(; '9 )$: '9 e,, ,9i%&-i*
,&i$9$. a,9:- .i* e."9&- +;+ +"99+ e9: ,,$. a1&- $
i$ +"9i ,,$ .i*.
i'.e.&*
i+6i/+ ),"i/+ e$? 16 1"*i$ ),"i/i9>
+9 "*&- ai&1"$ 108 "*&- i'. e.&* G>+. a',
e', e$i* "$ .i&&*. G,"-/ o,e,",+ o,e," ,'&"&&
7:&i$9$/.
"&/
K.a(("+'*
a,/&'-
i".i/i/"&&
e&"(;
a('+i* 1997-i* e,-i,6?-- i+6i/+ )*" Gii* 2998
"*& - u--$. 49"*&'- i/(; '9 ,6$,"&i ,i*&&i 304749=2998 "*& - W*i*e&";&& e9:--$. a,9:-H+ 440 "*&-
i'.e.&*"&*"+ e$ i$%&"1 i)*/ ,"&&"& 2558 "*& e&"-- e:&i$9$ e$9 o >9i'L+ $'/i9 e&";&&i9"/.
" +
i+6i/i* i'. e.&* o e .i&&* e$9"*, " +
a',i e .i&&*. '., .i"6 +&".+" ii* =9"4
i$"i/+ (10,000) "
%&- W* B,iN+ &&i9> &&+
a1&>9ii* &" e9:--$.
i+6i/+ ),"i/+"? e(("i/+"?
i+6i/+ e(("i/+ (8000) e$e9" ,4&>+ u--?. Gi/+ a?
.i:"$'+ ,4& &. ,--*"/i$ u .& >9ie"$9i* i+6i/+ e+"+
e(("i/+ e$: 79e9:--?.
i)*/ e'/ i$$"-i* .i*/ G/,+i>i"* ',?& e&"($/.
i)*/ e/"* ,:.i* *,"W*&H+ ',i W*&H+ "$9*"i$.
a',L+ i)*/ e. , i+6i/'. ./6
  e$: e(+ ,4&&+
a&&"*i*i6?. a'&e&"(  ,--9e+"$ i+6i/+ e+"+
e(("i/+ e$: 79i$/"* ,(;+. a,,": 79i'& &"* ,4&&"& ,
e&"-,(;+.,--9e+"$ i'$& 7:&i$9 &"*i* i+6i/+
a.K ,1,+ e9,i*'*. =;. K,1&-"& , i6?. i)*/ /"*
,4%&i ," ',i =;&'-L+ i+6i/ ";
./?

e((
www.vallalar.org

22

&"*+ a&&"*+.
e&"-- ,(;+.

G*i$

,--9e+"$

79i'&

&"*

,4&&" ,

i+6i/+ a.K&> ,6?, iI&H+ G&H+ e&i,i


i66"-i*, ,--*"/ 79i' u."/,4&&"&& e&"-,(; + ,i/
u('+"&& e&"--*"&"?. a$"* e+"&>& >'9e"$:+i*'*.

i)*/
)*$
)*$
)*$
)*$

u'/e.
u'/e.
u'/e.
u'/e.

,: W*&- e."/"?
),"i/+ +i4
6W: +6i/+
 ? .+
)$:+ o$9" +

-3046

e$9 i+6i/ r999 e.L'-& e&"(; ),"i/6+i4, 6W: +6i/+,


? u .+ G&i )$:+ e,, ,: )$: W*&- e$& e&"-,"/ .i*/.
s)$:+ o$9" +s e$: i)* / e."**i,i"* )$:+ e,, ,: $i
W*&-$:, ),"i/6 +i4"&i i+6i/i* 6W: +6i/+, ?
u .+ a%>+ e$& e&"-,"/ */.
i+6i/i* "i/ >i' a;?, * 6i/i$ e"&&i*
* ai&"/+"& su .+s e$9 '*i* ? "*&- u--?.
i+? + s? u .+s e$? */? e&"-'&. ? u .+
i?,$:, ,: o $i W*"& i&& ,(;+ e$? .i*/? e&"-'&.
i)*/ a-i i+6i/+"'* 6W:. u'/L+ ,i-&&+ e$e9" W*. eW*"&, a(("+'* - *&'*& &4&i"&.
.i+/+ 6..i,i/&".
.i&'/ i".i/i/"&& e&"(; 1990 - u*
e,-i,6?. s)*$ u'/ e. 6W: +6i/+s i? , e$? i".i/i/
.i&/ &?. i$ "*&'- "/&>
 + "? a', i)*/ ,"&&"&
"$9,i*'*. u/,"$ "&"$ .ii&'*  i)*/ i+6i/+ 79,
i6W *" &A4"$ &/+.ii&'-& 7:&i9?. 7:+ e"H+ 6'L+
i)*'"&
i*'*.
i&>9-
e.
i,-H,/
"$e,1"'$L+ e."/ e$: .i*/ e."*N,? "* u--? i?.
i,".&+ "1 +"(i&&,".&/ "$"4i'. e$9 o$'9L+ "1$"/
e$: .i*/ e."*N,? "* u--? i?.
i,-H,/ e.? i&>9- o$ 9. a  "* i)*/ e.?
i+6i/+ o$ 9.
,: W*&- e?+ e.,i*'*. ii* i ,:
&?&H&> i+i*'*.

www.vallalar.org

23

i)*/ i+6i/+ ),"i/i*, .i9"$ 6W: +6i/+ ?


u .+ a%&iL--$, )$:+ ,: ,: $iW*&-$:, )$:+ o$ 9
e$: e&"-,?"$ i)*/ &?&&i'.6?.

i)*/ i/"+(/"?
si)*/ 66ii$ a-e99,/; i/"+(. .i, "&is e$: "&/
+".i/".+"(i&&$"/ eB?&i9"/. i,/? G%&i* W*iN+ sHe was a Brahmin
siva-yogins e$e9B?&i9"/. i,,": i,/ eB?,9> G"/+ e$$e,$:
,i-%&,i*'*. .i.,i.6"/"( \/ +? G%&i*W*i* He was one of the
Brahman Yogin e$: eB?&i9"/. 6"/"( \/i$ W*i*i6? +i&*
e.i&'- i/".+"(i&&$"/
+9e&"(1&&i9"/. 6"/"( \/i$
i/++ "&i e$: e&"-,"? e$: .i6i&&
,(;+. i/".+"(i&&$"/
i/"+( "&i e$ 9 e&"(1&&i9"/. i,/? G%&i* eBiN+ O/
eB? ,:;&i9? 6"/"( \/ BRAHMAN e$&i9"/. i/".+"(i&&$"/
BRAHMIN e$&i9"/. +i4i* i/"+( e$: e-i,"& eB?&i9"/. i)*/
i/++ "&i e$"? i/"+( "&i? e$", e$' 6$> .i6i&& ,(;+.
,:
G,"-/&-
"+
i)*/i$
."i'
99i
.i"&
e/i,i*'*.
K6/+ 6+i&H+
.&&i4"+ i)*&>. ."i 79,i*'*.
.&&i4"/ ."j/ G + "$ )*$i$ ."i'& >9ii;&i9" / ,i/
a,$ u+i* + ui'/ "..
 i &i'*
"&ii$ ."i'&
>9ii,i*'*. i/".+"(i&&$"/ 79:+, a9> G"/+ "* "$:+
6"/"( \/i$ 79:+ G&>/i$.
."j'/ a6(/ + ."j/ e$: .&&i4"/ 7:&i9"/. .i*/
&?,?
"$:
"&i&- ."j/i9 i96,/"i6? &i'*&>.
e.$9i6"* a,/ a6(/"&& 7 i&&*"+. sa6(/ e$ "/
a9 ,"/ +9e9,i/&>
 + e.6('+ h(e"B&*"$s e$+ i&>9-i$
1 e,i/&>
 + e.6('+ h( a6(/"& i&&*"+. i)*/
K&&H&>+ e.6('+ h(,/$ 9". 6+i"("/ 6+i&- s)*$"&i
a%&( $s e$&i9"/. a%&($ e$? i/&& >(- -"'/& >9i&>+.
e.$'$ *&'*& &4&
/&/"i (e*&.i&$) sa%&($ - .i,$s
( ,"/+ 989;4) a%&("-$ - &( (" ',$, a9$9i6e"B>
+%&("-'$ (&*i 144, 70) e$: &*ie"'&L+ e;?& &";&i9?.
s&$ e+ a6( $s e$: & 6"$"'/L+ s6A*6&&$ e+
,i $s e$: i6A*&&'/L+ >9i 6+i&-, i)*/ a6(/"i$
s)*$"&i a6( $s e$9$ 9" >9ii&&
,(;+. a,,"9$9i
sa%&( $s
e$:+
>9ii?
i)*/
a6(/"&"/
e$:
e((.e.&i9?.
www.vallalar.org

24

+i4e+"4i u(/+ +i4/ e$9 i$ u(/+ +i>i"&& e&"(


i/".+"(i&&$"/ si)*/ i/"+(. .i, "&is e$: 79ii? ,i"&
u--?! i,,-i/+ .i6i&& ',&&i9?.
i)*/
a6(/"&
i6i"/
e$9"N+.
a,/
+&"&,i
"/i"'/ "*. .A/
 i a6(/"& , i6i"/ e$*"+. "/i"/
"*&- a6(/&'- 99i& 79e:+ .A/
 i& &?&'- "$ 9
i+6i/iN+ a6('/& >9i .A/
 i& &?&- * u--'&
&"(*"+.

i)*/i$ $i..i9I
i)*/ i'9 G.i/i/&-i* o,/"&+, '., .i"6i"&+,
.i/"&+ ,i-%>&i9"/.
i)*'/
;?&i9"/.

s6"$+'9

"&i&-

o,/s

e$:

.&&i4"/

a9i&

u+"i.i,+ s&i*"? o .i/s e$: 7:&i9"/.


"&i"&+
.i/"&+ i&>+ i)*/ '., .i"6i"&+ i&&i9"/. .i"6+,
'., .i"6+ e$9 e."9&'- (e/&'-) i)*/ "$ $ *i*
,4%>&i9"/.
a,/? i+6i/+
./&i9?.

"i/%&-i$ e">"$ $$i i'9&-i*

i$$"-i*
"$9i
.i"6
."i/%&-
i$"$&i9>+
$ $"1"& i&4&i9?. i$$"'- .i"6 ."i/%&-i9 &"(;+
?,%&'-L+, .i"6? p( e"-&'-L+ a,%&'-L+ i$$
i9 *,9'9L+ $ *i* e">?+ ,>?+ 7:,/ i)* /, a,/
79i,9'9 i$$"'- .i"6 ."i/%&- $i$i  * ,'&&-i*
,i/i?'/&&i$9$. .i"6' $ *i* e"'& ,'& e.,/
i)*/. ,i/i,/ .i"6 ."i/ G.i/i/&-. i$$"'- .i"6
."i/%&- i$"$&iN+ e."** e9" p( e"-&- *+ i)*/
i+6i/i* &"(e:&i$9$.

www.vallalar.org

25

i)*/ &i'*i*i6? ,6,/. &i'* "/ 6"1$ ,&>


e*'*iN+, &"M+A/+ , +9> e*'*iN+ 6"-+ ,&i4&> e*'*iN+
a'+6?--$. &"M+A/i* o $i ,'&. '.,+ 6i*,ii6?. a'
&"M+A/ '.,+ e$: i$: ,4%>&i 9"+. 4%&"*i* &"M+A/+ '.,
6""& i6i&&i9?. i "?+ i6? 6" .
6"-+ '., 6";.
i$:+ u*& 6";&- *,99i* 6"-+ o$ 9 ai&"/ h/,+"$ o / o
i6?6";.
a$ &&i& &"i*,
'*'+&
&"i*,
e% &"i*
Ki6"+ .&*i%& ,4i"'& e&"(?. i$:+ a'$ h.i&>+
'.,"."/i"/&-
e$$"1*i6 
6i+i&&
e:&i$9$/.
6"+$$&> i/" +K,/+
&"i* &,'9i* ()*"$i*) p'46?
,4i";
e.L+
u/i'+
e&";&&
e99i&&i9?.
&"M+A/iN+
6"-iN+ a$:+ i$:+ e+"4i&-
,:. G$"* '., + .++"&
i6i&&i9?. i$:+ i&&i9?. &"M+A/ '.,+ e$: e."*N+ "?
6"- '.,+ e$: $i;i& 79" ,i"N+ 6"-i* ,4%>+ '.,+
.i* * ,'&&-i* $i$'+ ,"6
  G>+. &"M+A/ '.,+ 6"'.,+ i,,"9"i$ &i'*. '.,+ e,,"9i6i&>+?

e9 & +i46"1* .i"6 '.,+


&/6"&i* +i i6i",i* ,A/'.,+
, +9 & &"M+A/i* &"M+A/ '.,+
,&i4&
,&i4& & 6"-i* 6"- '.,+
,& & &i*"i* i'$&>+ e"?,"$ o '.,+, a'&
&i'*. '.,+ e$ ,4%&*" +"?
a? .i"6 '.,+ .i/ '.,+ &*6"& i&&*"+. a? ,
i)*/i$ '.,+"& i&&*"+.
"K '.,+, &""*i& '.,+, &"-"& '.,+, +",i/ '.,+, '/,
'.,+
"$9
* ,:
'.,%&-
"/i$
*
>i&-iN+
,i-%&iL--$ ,!
i)*/ e**" ,'&. '.,%&'-L+ a9i6,/.
K '.,+, aK '.,+, +"/&&
 '.,+, &;K '.,+ e$ 6"$>
,'&. '.,%&'- i)*/ 7:&i9"/. i66"*,'&. '.,%&'- i)*/
o,'/ ,i/ ,: "+ 79&&" ("+. i+6i/6,i/ ,: e6 WN+
e."**& &" ("+. i66"* ,'&. '.,+ i$: ,4%&+ &" ("+.
K+, aK+, +"/&&
 +, &;K+ e$9 i/i , e1 i&&i9??
i$'9 6+ '.,+ e+"N+ aK'.,+ +"/&&

'.,+"&
www.vallalar.org

26

i&&*"+. K '.,+ a/i"& i&&*"+. &;K '.,+ a/iiN+ a/i?


e$'. e."** ,(;,i*'*. e."**"+ *  ,i-%>+.
e+&("+ '.,/ "$. .%&/+ '.,/ "$. .%&//i$ '.,+
e$$ '.,+? e+&("/i$ '.,+ .i"6 '.,+. .%&//i$ '.,+
,"6 '.,+"? ,"6i& e-**"+ '., /; ',(/,/**/. ,"6i&'',(,/ =*"/.
,"6 .i"6 .+/.+
K+ i)*/ e$$ '.,/? s ,"6
.i"6 .+/. 6$$i'* ,> ,i&. .i/ &( +s e$: .i/
&(' ";+ "L+"$,/ e$$ '.,/?
.i"6i&>. .i"6i" .i&>. .i/" ,i-%&i
.i"6 .+/.+ K* i)*/i$ $i$'+, $i..i9I.

,"6

i)*/i$ .++ '.,+; ,"6 .i"6 .+/.. '.,+, .i"6


'.,+, .i/ '.,+, .+/.. '.,+.
i)*/i$ (") e+"4i e$$? i)*/ &"*i* &i'*i* ,4%&i
e+"4i e$$?
,& &
,e+"4iL+
(.+X&i+)
i/"&i+
"*iL+
e+"$'+"& ,4%&i$. e9 & 6+ +i4&i* &-i// G.i&&"*+.
,e+"4i&> i6 e.*,"&>, +iB&> i*'*. .+( e- W*& +i4i* *,"& i6$. '., ',(, W*&- e+"N+ ,e+"4ii * 
i6$.
i)*' &"*+ +i4. ."i/+ e"%&i +i&"'+ ', &"*+.
a",? +i4i* "$ W*&- +i>i"& i**"i6 &"*+. "$W*&-
,e+"4ii *  ai&+"& i6 &"*+. a&&"*i*, $'$ 6$9"&
+i4 e.,9> i'9,$ i)*'/ '"$.
se$
e$'$ 6$9"& i'9,$ '$$
$'$ 6$9"& +i4e.L+" 9s
e$&i9"/ i)*/.
,%&- ,e+"4ii* i6?
"$: G&+%&- a'$?+
,e+"4ii *  i6$. +i4i* o G&++ i*'*. G&+6 +i4
 ;
,6"/ i)*/. i$$"-i* ,+ +i4e. +"9$ ,6"/. a9> $ 
G&+6+i4 ; i)*/ ,6?,i"/.

www.vallalar.org

27

&i'* +i4/"$ i)*&> ,e+"4iL+ e/iL+. +i4 G/i+


G&i i/(1N + a,/ (1/. G/i+ +iB+ u $ e."**i (65)
+i4.e
 ."* ,e."* e+ i,,i/(;+ (66) e$+ a,/? ,"&>&H&
&9 (1/","/ ie$; "'L%&(,/,
s(1/ %&-
ie$; "'L+s e$: a, / 7:,? "$:, ie$; e+"4i&-iN+
a,/ (1/. &i'* &"M+A/+ 6"-+ *i,99iN+, , i6i",iN+,
i6i 6"; B,?+, .i%&-+, .A$+ *i 6";&-iN+ ,4%&i
e+"4i&'-L+ a,/ a9i,"/. a,99iN+ a,/ (1/. i)*/ $e+"4i
I*,/. *&'*& >/i.i*. "&+, "$+, ,"+, ',i+, ."i+, ,"$
."i/+ *i *&'*&-iN+ a,/ ,**,/. .&*&*",**,/. G&'*&-
a:?8 6"$>+ a,&> a?1. a9> +* o &'*"&i ."&"&
&'*iN+ a,/ ,i&/. a+" .ii ,** a,&> ='$', e**"+
e++;?

i+6i/ ,/*":
'., i'9&-
i)*/i$ i+6i/+.

$$i/(1*

"+

i'9"&

i&4,?

i"$.+6/
,"/+

1-2-3(* )$:)
i'9&-

i6"&&/./
,"/+

4-5-6 i'9&-

K6//

7- G+ i'9

+"(i&&,".&/
i,".&+

8-G+ i'9
i& &"',"+ ii9 ./6
 ?

i,i'.",
i**"(;

9-G+ i'9

i)*/
i+6i/+

10 - G+ i'9

,"/+

www.vallalar.org

28

i $"/"6 i'9

11-G+ i'9 12
a-"-/&- "1 40
(.i:) W*&- i/6%&-.

e/iI/"(+
( .&&i4"/)

12-G+ i'9

* 9 i'9&- i'. "*&-.


10;11;12 G+ i'9&- i*.
),/

,"/+ *
7i'9&-

+i4

+"(i&&,".&/ i,".&+
8G+ i'9

+i4 u6i+

i)*/ i+6i/+
10-G+ i'9
.&&i4"/i$ - 12 G+
i'9 e/iI/"(+

,+

+i4 G&++

+i4I
 /"(+

i+6i/+ e$9 e / a'+"$ e/.


+6i/+ e$? e$$? e$: ,i-&&+-i&&i9"/ e"*&"i/.
s6i'9e+"4i +"6/ G'(i9 &i-6
+'9e+"4i " $ +6i/+e$s
e$? e"*&"i+.
6i'9e+"4i +"6/ e'+ 6i*?
+'9e+"4i &"1 ,i;+
e$? i&>9-.
+6i/+ e$? 6i'9e+"4i +"6/ G'(i9 &i-6 (79i) +'9e+"4i
e$&i9"/ e"*&"i/.
u*&i* 6i'9e+"4i +"6' e'+' a,/&- u'/ +'9
e+"4i& - &"1 ,i;+ e$&i9"/ i,-H,/.
www.vallalar.org

29

e"*&"i/ 7:,?+ i,-H,/ 7:,?+ o$'9 o$: a1 


1 e."9 "* u--$.
6i'9e+"4i +"6/ e$: i, +
+'9e+"4i e$,9'9 i, + 7:&i9"/&-.

7:&i9"/&-.

6i'9e+"4i,

6i'9e+"4i e?? 6i'9e+"4i +"6/ "/? +'9e+"4i e?? e."$$?


e."$$1  *i&>+ e+"4i 6i'9e+"4i. a1 6i'9e+"4i&'-&
79,** G99N'"/ 6i'9e+"4i +"6/. ,"&> *i- -"/ 6i'9e+"4i
+"6/. +'9?& 79 e+"4i +'9e+"4i. 6i'9,"$ e+"4i 6i'9e+"4i.
+'9,"$ e"- e&"(e+"4i +'9e+"4i.
G'(i9 &i-* e$9"* e$$? G'(i;'/*. i,-H,/,
i)*/, i"$.+6/, i,i/&". ,--*"/
"$9 a9i,/&-
("$i&-) 6i'9e+"4i +"6/&-. i,/&- e,-i '"&+ +'9
e+"4i"&+. e"?,"&+ G'(i;+ u'/', e**"+ +6i/$'+
u'$.
"$.+6+
,--*"+
+
e+"4i&'G'(i
;'/&&i9"/&-. sG'( 6+ s e$: "$.+6/ G'(i;'/&>+
i%&- 6"$>. ,--*"/ G'(i;'/&>+ i%&- +i&*. se**"+
e.* 7;+
e$ G'(s e$? a,9:- &&i+"$ O/i+.
i)*/ 6i'9e+"4i +"6/ a,' i+6i/i$ * >i&-
+'9e+"4i&-"* G$',. so$i .+"M'(s e$ 9 O/ ai&"/+. .i*
iI&-i* a9> s+'9 e"79:s e$: +i4 e/i1&&i9"/&-.
i+6i/i* +i& e-i"& e"H(/& 71"*&H+ u(;. e"-
e. , i*"?. /i"'"* a'+6 +i&&&1$ +"$"*&H+ u(;.
+'9e+"4i&- 6i'96 i6W'* +6i/+ e$? e,,- e"+.
.i9I&&i i++6i/W* sis e$9 a'e+"4i e9: i+6i/+"i9:.

i+6i/i$ a'+I+ .i9I+


WN&> e/ i+6i/+
W*i$ >i&H&> e/ 6i/+
i+6i/+ 3000 +6i/%&'-& e&"(?.
o$? 6i/%&'-& e&"(?.
i+6i/i$ "*&'- "* e$ 9" e.L- e$ 9" ,4%>,?
+/$:. +6i/+ e$: ,4%>,  +/I. i+6i/i* W9",? "*,
W9",? e.L- e$: 7:,? +/$:. W9",? +6i/+ e$  +/I.

www.vallalar.org

30

i+6i/' e": ,'/ WN+ +6i/+. a$ "*&H+ +6i/%&-.


i+6i/+ * 6i/+ W9"+ +6i/+ e$? "$ 9 ,4%>,? +/I.
W*
W*i$>i W*i$"&&--

i+6i/+
6i/%&-
+6i/%&-

i? i+6i/i$ $i..i9I.
6i/%&- e/&- e( e/& -. * 6i/+. i/("+
6i/+, )$9"+ 6i/+ e$: i1  o$? 6i/%&H+ e(&-"*
e/i e9:--$.
+(i - +6i/+ - +6? e$: o+'+ '., i9i* u(;. a 
"$: +6i/+ - 6i/+ - 6i/+ e$: i$e$" +'+L+ u(;.
i,,i +'+iN + +6i/+ i+ e:&i9?. +6i/i9>/i $i..i9I
a?.
+(i - +6i/+ - +6?
+6i/+ - 6i/+ - 6i/+
',i+, ,"+,
"&+, "$+ G&i ?'9&-i* +(i +6i/+
o-+ .i9"& .e:&i9?. +(i +6i/+ +6? (o-+) e$9>
i*&&i i*&&(%&-i* o e"-. +?,i* (',ii*)
,:
e"-. ,"i* ,:e"-. i%> ,"+ e$9" * /.,"+ "$. ,:
,"%&'-& >9i&&"?. "& "$%&-i* ,:e"-. i,,": ?'9 ":+
e"- ,:;+. e"? e"-. a,, ?'9& & u/i .i9I e"-
e$ * e"-&- u(;. ',iiN+ ,"iN+ /i"'M&- +i>i.
6+' "$i&- i'9,'$ +(i"&, +6i/+"&, +6"&&
&("/&-, "1$"/&-. I-H&> ,}/i* i'9,$ ',AX,
 /$. &"iN+
0+ ',AK,/$
&"i* e$ 9 e/ e99$. i,"$+ib/i*
+6AX,
 /$. s+6i/+ 6i/+ +6?+"&is e$+ ',AX,
 /$ &"i*
,"/+ +i&+ I&4 e99?.
s+6i/+ 6i/+ +6?+"&is
s+6i/"$ 6i/"$s
s+6? +",$ +6i/ +",$s
s+6? ,(1* i', +6i/%&- i',s
s+6', +6i/+s
s+6?+ G>,/s
s+6i/+ 6i/+ G$"/ "N+s

-658
-2618
-3063
-3783
-5833
-6402
www.vallalar.org

31

e$+

,"/ i,"&>&'-& &"(&.

,--*"/ i,",i* s+(i +6i/+ +6?s e$9 G.i&H+


a,%&H+ +i&*. s+69i $ +(i a9i $ +6i/+ o$99i $s e$:
,6i "1 ,--*"&>, i'9,$ +6? i?, +(i i?, +6i/+ i?,
e.,'& i?, ?'9 i?, ,4i i?, e$ +(i +6i/+ +6?&'-L+,
a,99i$
e.,'&,
,4i?'9&'-L+
a9i,i-i$"$.
i,"
G9"6i'9 ae "i a&,*i*, ae "i G(,'/
,--*"/, +(i ! +6i/ +! +6 ! e$
"99i?i&>+ ,/i&H+
,((+ 9*.
i$i, +6i/+ - 6i+ - 6i/+ - e$9 +'+&> , ,"+. +6i/+,
6i/+, 6i/+ G&i i+)$:+ 6i'96  i+6i/+. W* i+6i/+.
a$ >i 6i/%&-. 6"*"+ 6i/i$ e+ >i 6i/%&'-
99i .
,+
G&++
,+
G&++

+6i/+
6i/+
,"6+
.i"6+

-e"?
-G&+"6+ -.i9I

,"6+ e$9 e."* e& ,4%>,?


"$: G&+"6+ e$9
e."* e ,4&&i* i*'*. a/i"& , ,4%>&i9?. i,/ G&+"6'&
+i4e.? ,i/i?,i-&& ,6?,/"*i$ +6i/+ 6i/+ 6i/+ G&i
)$'9L+ &&i+"&& e&"("/.
6i/+ e$? .&&/+. i+6i/i* 6"*"+ 6i/i$ e+>i
6i/%&-, .&&/%&-.
i,+*..&&/+
i/iI'/.&&/+
=e/"-i& .&&/+
,i/,. .&&/+
."+,i+(*. .&&/+
I,$"i .&&/+
6,"&&/i .&&/+
e$* .&&/%&- 79e9:--$. '., .i"6 W*&-i*
.&&/%&'- 99i& 79,i*'*.

,: e?+

+6i/+ 6i/+ 6i/+ e$9 +'+ ,--*"'/L+ r/


 i&&i9?.
i,",i* O/ii* s+6i/ 6i/ 6i/ ""s e$: ,--*"/
i'9,'$ ";&i9"/.
www.vallalar.org

32

+i4iN-- o / +6i/ ."i/+ i+6i/+.


i+6i/i9> $+ i$+ a'
"$9 oW* "$9,i*'*.
i+6i/+ ,: e $";+ oi i*"
o $i,'& W*.
,: e$"N+ a9i e9" e.i&-
i+6i/i* u-.
+i4
 ?, u*&i*
u*&i* i+6i/+ * W*.
B +i4 * W*.
i9> o"& ,: e'$L+ e."*N
,9&i*'*.
i$,6 ."i/ W*&H&e&**"+
$ $"1"$? i? ,.

i+6i/+ 7:+ e"-&-

i+6i/+ o ?,& &-.i+; ?,. K/%&*, ?,&&*.


a$
6Aa&*
G4%&'-&
&"(?
a/i?.
a/i
e/i?,
p(e"-&-, .i"6 p(e"-&- e,,- ," ai9 e&"1&
&i&&i$9$. a,/,/ G99N&> =99"9 "* ,"/i&e&"--*"+.
i+6i/+ 7:+ e"-&'- 6"+"& i%e&;?& 7:,' ,i
i+6i/i$
e"-&&'.
a1 
e;?&
e&";?,i"*
a$/&- B'+"& a9i,9> 6$> =?,">+ e$"*, i+6i/+ .+"
ii* (1933) u-- u-H'9 )$: &&%&'-L+ a1  &A 4 e;?&
&";&i 9"+.

u-}'9
www.vallalar.org

33

,i6"&/ &"I
"i/+
&- ,"4?

,. .i9I
i+6i/ e"'&. .i9I
>+ ,/*":
i)/
 i&-i$ .
&$i '9'+

G&+. .i9I
>"/+ /i+
i)*/ ,/*":
a',&&+
&-,i &'+*
&**"'+
6;6i'*'+
&-}(("'+

* 6i/+

i/("+ 6i/+

u .+
"&'& 6i'*"'+
e.*,+ 6i'*"'+
i-'+ 6i'*"'+
ui/ 6i'*"'+
e&"**"'+
I*"* +:*
i9$+'$ 6,"'+
+&-i/ i4i
6*>/
a&&i$i&"/i+
a6(e/"B&&+
i/". "+
,"$..i9I
"$..i9I
a9e.,"$ i9+
a9e."$ i9+
a$I''+
a$Ie.,"'/
a9i,"$ .i,$
&*,i
a "&e/i.$+
.i,6i6'
>6i6'
+ K/6i6'
e"'9L''+
e/i "'/ ?'(& &"*

a&i+
i,*ii*
,A/+ e;
i*i%& I/"(+
&&$ ,-,i
i/-+
.&&/ :
eN+I+ &"*+
a11 *
./,.iM1
ii
.%&"/+
i /",+
ap&&i/&+
&/
 &&i/i'
),'&. .A,,/&&
 +
"i/+
a"i/+
A/
 
 +
i& &"i*i4i
/i%& "&+
a/i"/'(
.6i/ "&+

www.vallalar.org

34

)$9"+ 6
6i/+

6"$&"+ 6i/+

a"%& "&+
i++
6i++
G$+
i/"(""++
i/i"&"/+
"/'(
i"$+
.+"i a"%& "&
a+".ii
&'*6i'*
./A/.ii u"+
&"* .&&/+
GL-/i'.
,"/./+
,"/o*+
&./i "&+

a.'
i,+*. .&&/+
a..'$
6,>(+
.i + - i/iI'/.
.&&/+
,i/,i +6i/+
h/( .i
G"/," +
=e/"-i. .&&/+
,i/,. .&&/+
."+,i +(*.
.&&/+
I,$"i .&&/+
6,"&&/i .&&/+

\6"+ 6i/+
K '.,+
aK '.,+
+"/&&
 '.,+
&;K '.,+
./i'
&i/i'
"&+
"$+
.$+"/&&
 +
.&+"/&&
 +
.9Ii/ +"/&&
 +
". +"/&&
 +
." *"&+
."+A+
."~+
."L..i+
.i6i "+ - +6+
+6/+
A,i/+

:

G9"+ 6i/+
.i,> /i.$+
i,1 :
"?"$ +
?9
,+
,i(+
aH''+i$
"$+,*
a, ,+
, ,+
i6A:
"$ ,+
.i, ,+
a&>,$
&>,$

www.vallalar.org

35

A,i//+
I9..+iM(+
6i/"."/+
u.++
=4"+ 6i/+

e"+ 6i/+

G9""/+
a(*i%&+
i(*i%&+
.".i,*i%&+
G?+*i%&+
"$*i%&+
.i,*i%&+
.+i/"+
i,- ',I
ae-"-i
.i,h'.
>h'.
+ &K,/h'.
a1"/e'+
".$,ii
i.",ii
i'/ +
h/(&>'& e69i..+"i
.+"i&&i/i'
,i6?9$+
,i6?+ - "&./ ,"+
Gi6i'* - a("i$
i("i$
+$,"i$
"$"i$
.i,"i$
K,i*&&(+ - i/"($
I$
.A,$
K
"$
\6i6i/i +&> a'+
\6i6i/i a&> '9'+
a.9> e69i
.9>e69i
7"e,"B&&+

u*i9 . +


u*,i*
a,' +&A4"*,'
+i ."&&i/",'
a&?,"&&-
K 6$,"i,+
&,*.& *K+
/",'
&>(6i/&>
 (+
a("i +
ie$"/"6 "$+
a,'e$&&"(*
&*e.*
6i$+*",'
a9i+
G96+
iK".+ ,9i$'+
a1'*9iL+
i9%79*
&>99+
+
/+
/*.(+
?/i+
+i
.e."~+
.o$i e"6.i
"4
&"/i&"/("i
u."6+
I9%79"'+
aM-&+*&>(
a,'
6,",' 6,"i+"$i
K"K+
www.vallalar.org

36

&;&(1/%&*
i " .+

+"6i6'
i*&&("i/+
?,+.i ,"&&i+
,iK,&&i/".+
,"'+
"$ie.*
a,",:*
iL''+
iL''+
."'$

o$"+ 6i/+
>+ /i.$+
"$> /i.$+
i/(,.+"i
o-i
i*."&&/+
o&>+."&&/+
aio&>+."&&/+
i&7? /i.$+
G&". :
" $"+
.i"$"$6+
e."~ u+
04
.i,/i.$+
.i,e."~ /i.$+
i +, &+6i,"(+
o$i .+"M'(
+"$.+"i
,'/L'/+".i
a'(6 "/$'+
"i/+
./,,i"i
i9W*&-i i+6i/.e.L-&-
a+u'/&/"i
"; 9 >9i&/"i

www.vallalar.org

37

i+6i/+
i/+ ,--*"/i$ ,4i&"1 W*
,--*"/ &(i/X"$i/+
,--9e+"$ i-+ "i* +? "$ ,"4&'
 &&> ?'("&
i/(; 6** a'+I&- =9;i& e&"("/.
1. ,4i; &-, >, W*
2.

,4i&"1 W*&-

,--*"/i$,4i; &- - )&$


,4i; >
- i"$.+6/
,4i;W*
- i,".&+
,--*"/ e&"( ,4i&"1 W*&-
1. i&>9-
2. i+6i/+
3. i,".&+
,4i;&-, >, W* e$9 a'+I+ )$:. ,4i&"1 W*&H+ )$:.

i6 )$:, a6 )$:, G&i i,,i )$:+, )$:+ )$:+ G:+
,--*"'/ u,"&&i$, G-"&&i$.

www.vallalar.org

38

,"6 u*&i* u6i%&-, i/++oi/+, &,&A' G&i )$:+


si/X"$i/+s e$ ,4%&e:+. i/X"$i/+ e$9"* &&i+"$
)$: e$: e"-. i/X"$+ - &&i, i/+ - )$:. ,"6 W*&-
+i&* ii+ u6i%&- i/++oi/+ &,&A' i+)$'9L +
,"6i&- +i&+ &&i+"&& e&"-,/. G*i$ i', i/X"$i/+
e$9 ,4&>+ =9?.
,--*"+
&("/.

+i4

u*&i*

'.,

u*&i*

o

i/X"$i/'&

,--*"/ &( i/X"$i/+ "??


1. i&>9-
2. i+6i/+
3. i,".&+
+i4 W9/i* i' W*&- .i**. a,9:- i+)$:+ +i&.
.i96',.
* i&>9-, i+6i/+, i,".&+, i& &"',"/, i,"e+"4i,
iI&4 *i$. i$$"-i* ia"+ ./6
 ?.

6Ai W*&H-, a9W*&H-, '*"$? i&>9-.


."i/ W*&H- '*"$? i+6i/+
"i/ W*&H- '*"$? i,".&+.
"i/?&> i,".&+, ."i/?&> i+6i/+ e$e9"
4e+"4i 
=9;
,i?.
i4e+"4i'
,--9e+"$
+
u .e+"$9i9 >9ii;&i9"/. i$: 4e+"4i"& ,i-%>+ i'$
u("&&i,/, $ *i9 79i,/ ,--9e+"$"& , i&&*"+.
,--*"&>$
i4e+"4i
,4&&i*i6"?
"/",?
>9ii1&&i9"/&-"? =1* ,6?--"? a..i* ,6?--"? e$'
G/"6?
 "/&&

,(;+.
+i4 W9/' 6$>(/6
 ,--9e+"$
6Ai&> (a9
(a9?&>) i&>9-
."i/i&> i+6i/+
"i/?&> i,".&+
www.vallalar.org

39

e$: e W*&'-,  iW*&'-


i/+"( W*&-"& e;'+?& e&"("/.

/6?

i/"$ W*&-"&,

i&>9-, i+6i/+, i,".&+ - i+)$:+ ,--*"/ &( +i4


i/X"$i/+, '.,i/X"$i/+.
,--*"/i$ u6i+ i&>9-
,--*"/i$ i/++oi/+ i+6i/+
,--*"/i$ &,&A' i,".&+.
e /
 

/.

,--*"/i$ .+/. K .$+"/&&


 i9> )*+ N+ &+ G$
e"-&- * i&>9-, i+6i/+, i,".&+ G&i )$9iN+ u(;.
G*i$ i+)$'9L+ )* W*&-"&, &,i W*&-"&, i/+"( W*&-"&
,4i&"1 W*&-"& ,--*"/ e&"("/.
,--*"'/L+
i&>9'-L+
99i
e.i&'s,-H,+
,--*"+s e$9 W*i9 79iL- -"+ (,"'41 ,"'4 ,/i'.-3).
,--*"'/L+
i,".&'L+
99i
e.i&'s+"(i&&,".&+
,--*"+s e$9 W*i9 79iL- -"+ (,"'41 ,"'4 ,/i'.-8).
,--*"'/L+ i+6i/'L+ 99i e.i&'- i6W*i9 &"(*"+.

i'9,$ ,--*"&> i+6i/ i'9"*


u(/
 i?
i+6i/ i'9"* e++e
 +"4i e"- o$'9 i'9,$
,--9e+"&> u(/
 i-i$"$ e$? e+"$ a-i i,"
"e*"$9"* e/i&i9?.
i,-/ia+ *i * a66"-
e.i e++e
 +"4i e"H+
u,-/ i+6i/i '9"*
u(/
 i e++e
 +"4i e"H+
&,-/ a1 $ u-i * 6i$:
&"1 e++e
 +"4i e"H+
+,ie$ u-  6+i6"$ i&>+
,((+ i-+ a9iL+

-3527

www.vallalar.org

40

i"* i," G9"6 i'9i* i$)$9"+ i&+ i-'-


e,i((i* 118-G+ "*"& i&4,?. i- ,--9e+"$
)$: e++e
 +"4i e"-&'-& >9ii;, a,9'9 "+ 6+i i"&
i'9,$i+
,i((i&&i9"/.
"*i$
$)$91&-i*
a',
i+e9:--$. a+)$: e++ e+"4i e"-&-",$:-

1. ia+*i * a66"- e.i


e++e
 +"4ie"-
2. i+6i/ i'9"* u(/
 i
e++e
 +"4i e"-
3. +? u-i * 6i$: &"1
e++e
 +"4i e"-

ia+*i * a66"- e.i e++e


 +"4ie"- .&&i4"&>
i'9,$ u*e&*"+ e$: a1e;?& e&";?. i+6i/ i'9"*
u(/
 i e++e
 +"4i e"H+, e+"' u-i * 6i$: &"1
e++e
 +"4i e"H+ i$$e$ e/i,i*'*.
i+)$:
e++e
 +"4i
e"-&'-L+
,i-&&i
se++e
 +"4i
e"-,i-&&+s e$e9"
u'/6' W'* ,--9e+"$ eB
e"%&i$"/. * e++e
 +"4i e"-i$ ,i-&&+"&i su*e&*"+
e$+ e++e
 +"4ie"-,i-&&+s +;+ eBi 1&&e9: i,"
iI&-i9 ./6?
 , i$: 6+&>& &i'&&i9?. ia" u'/6'>i
0/$a1&- iI 129-G+ &&+ * 213-G+ &&+ 1 i'$&
&"(*"+. +99 i/(; e++e
 +"4ie"- ,i-&&%&H+ e+"$"*
eBe9"+* ,i6? "i$.
)$: e++e
 +"4i e"-&'-L+ 7:+
+e*;?& &"1
i,"
"*i*
si+6i/
i'9"*
u(/
 i
e++e
 +"4ie"H+s e$i* si'9"*s e$: 79"+* i+6i/"*
e$: +;+ 79ii6"*, i%> 79e99? "+ i'9"&i
i+6i/+$:,
,: = " o +6i/.e."* (+6i/,"&&i+) e$:
."i&&&71,+ i/. a9e&**"+ i+i$9i $$i i'9&-i*
o$9"$,
"+ i'9"$ i+6i/ + e$: 6$> e-i,"&
e,-i'"& I*;+1 i+6i/ i'9"* e$: 79iL-"%>+ i9+, e((i e((i +&i4&&?.
i+6i/ i'9i* e,,- ," a+e"- p(e"-&- e+
/, e"-&- u--$. a,9:- = " o e+e"'- i'9,$
,--*"&> u(/
 ii&&i9"$. a? i$$e$ a9i ,"
 i**"?
"$? 6+? ,&>'9 .
www.vallalar.org

41

a' "$ 9, )$9",? e++e


 +"4i e"-"&i, e+"$i$
u-i * 6i$: u(/
 i e++e
 +"4i e"'-L+ i$$e$ a9i
,4ii*'*. i?+ 6+ ,&>'9 .
e$i+, i+6i/+ i'9,$"*
u .i&& e99 - W* e$? u:i.
6+?

,--*"&>

u(/
 e99

,+ 6"$>

,--*"/ e&"( ,4i&"1 W*&-"$, ,--*"/ &( +i4


i/X"$i/%&-"$ i&>9-, i+6i/+, i,".&+ G&i )$:$
,--*"/ a-i i,"',.
./&&, i', 6"$>+ 6+? 6"*
,%&-"+.
i&>9- +i4 ,+
,+
i,".&+ +i4 u6i+
i+6i/+ +i4 G&++
i," - i+)$:+ ./6
 ?
i66"$'&L+ O?,?

, "/"(+.

i66"$'&L+ &'i1?

, ,4i 6i99*.

6+?
,4i"1*
i66"$>+
i+
e9 ,(;+.
6"- ":+
o,e,"$9iN+ W: "*&- O ,(;+. a**? o,e," ai&"/+ i&+
O ,(;+. Oi,": oB& * ,(;+.

,--*"/ u .i*
i+6i/' 99i& 7:,?
si6 +"/&&
 i$ u('+s
.$+"/&&
 i$
u('+
e/i ,(;+"$"*
&,$i&&i* ,i-%>+ e$ ,--9e+"$ u .i&&i9"/.

i+6i/'&

i6 +"/&&
 u('+ e/i ,(;+"&i* i+6i/'& &,$i&&i*
,i-%>+.

www.vallalar.org

42

."i/%&-i9
.i96?
i)*/
e(("i/+; *
"i/%&-i9 .i96?
"/&&
 +.

i+6i/+.
i,".&+.

iq?
e+"+
i,9'9 0$9i

{*i+6i/+ e(("i/+ e$9 &?.


i)*/ a-i i+6i/+ (10G+ i'9) 3000 ),"i/+
+6i/%& - ("*& -). e(("i/+ a$:. i)*/, i,-H,/, a&i/
e$: i$$"-i* e/i;& e&"( "/ */. i)*/ /"* i$$"-i*
',i W*&- ,"W*&- .i** eB6$. a,9'9L+ (i+6i/)
i)*/ e."& , e&"-H* a&&"* ,4&>. a,9'9L+
./
 "*
e(("i/+ G>+. a,,4&> 99i  ,--9e+"+ e(("i/+ e$9"/.
i+6i/+ ),"i/ + e$? i66"-i* 6$> e-i,"&i,i?. G*i$
e+"$ e(("i/+ e$9? &"*,4&'& a./i?& 79i"&& e&"-&,
u."/ ,4&&"&& e&"-& u('+"&& e&"--9&.}

e$? ,--*"/ u .+. (ia",


iI, &&+ 282, u .& >9iI&-).

u'/6'>i,

0/$

a1&-

i, .i* i6 +"/&&


 + e$? ,--*"/i$ .$+"/&&
 +. i6
+"/&&
 i$
(.$+"/&&
 i$)
u('+'
e/i6?
e&"-},9>
i+6i/'&
&,$i&&
,(;+
e$:
a$/&H&>
,--*"/
u .i&&i9"/. i+6i/'(L+ i,".&'L+) 0$9i "/&&
 ,(;+
e$&i9"/.
.$+"/&&
 i9> G"/W*,
e-i,"& u'/i&&i9"/.

i/+"(W*

i+6i/+

e$'

+i&

,--*"/i$ i&e+"$9i*
i+6i/

+9 &"-

,--*"/ + a$/&H&> eBi-i i&%&- (&1%&-) *.


a,9'9e**"+ i," i&>i e$ G."*&iM( i-'ii?--"/. ,--*"/ a-i u'/6' a-i.e.*&- a'$'L+
ia" u'/6'>i e$ 6"+ ii?- -"+. u'/6'>ii*
i&%&H+
./6
 .
i&%&-
e+"N+
B'+"&&
&i'?--$. B'+"$ i&%&- ,i/ .i* ?(;& >9iI&-"&, .i:
.i: >9iI&-"&& &i'?--$. a1 ?(;& >9iI&H- o$:
i+6i/+"& u--?.
www.vallalar.org

43

se.*N+ "? e.N? ,$ .i6''


e,*N+ "? ,i; ,$ e,>-i's
e$? o i&& >9iI. i,,i/(; ,/i&'-,i/ i'99i ,e9?+
&i'&&,i*'*. oi/+ "$: a'+6?-- i,,i ,/i&H+ i+6i/
"*
e"/&-
e$'
6"+"$
6+
ii*
$*i*
e,-i;i $"+.
i+6i/
"*&-
i/('L+
a1&>9ii*
B'+"& e;?&&"1 $"+. ia" u'/6' >i 0/$ a1&-
iI &&+ 418 &"(&.
i+6i/i*
e.*N +- e.N?+i$ .i6''
,** /i."* u'/+i$&- ,"'+'
+'
i*'* e$i+ e/i?-$ e++i'9
6** ,/e$9i 6";+i $A /

-2103

e,*N+ a-,i* ,i;+i$ e,>-i'


e.*N+ a- e.N?+i$ .i6''
a*N+ &N+ aH$ i%&i$"9
&*N+ i-6? &;e,-i " +

-2303

e$ ,+ i +6i/%&-i$ e"/&'- , &?&'- , ,--9e+"$


+ i&i* +9 &"-"&& &"1L--"/.
i&& >9ii$ * ,/i"&i se.*N+ "? e.N? ,$
.i6''s e$? i/(; +6i/%&-iN+ (2103,2303) i/(",? ,/i"&i
se,*N+ "? ,i; ,$ e,>-i's e$? i/(",? +6i/iN+ (2303)
,&i9?.
i,,i/(; +6i/%&-i* *",? (2103) i+6i/+ =4"66i/i*
i " .+ e$+ ai&"/iN+, i/(",? e"66i/+ &*e.*
e$+ ai&"/iN+ i+e9:--$. i " .+ e$$ e"-
e,-i' &*e.* e$$ e"- a9i,9>. .9: &1$+"$?. &* &*6i*
e.*
i/i6i*.
&*
e.*
a,'& -";
&*6i?+ i/i6i?+.
i$i, i,,i i+6i/%&-i$ e"'-& &"( "+.
e.*N+ a-+

- e.*N&i$9(ai&.) a-&>

e.N?+i$ .i6''

- .i6'' (i'9,$i+)
www.vallalar.org

44

e.N?%&-
,**/i."*

- 16 ,'/i* 16,'&i*

u'/+i$&- ,"'+'

- u('+' u'/L%&-(&-)
u('+' u'/L%&-)

i*'* e$i+

- i*'* e$: */ e."$$"N+

e/i?-$ e+i'9

- e+? i'9,$ 6i..+"&


i&&i9"$

6** a/$e69i

- a,,/$i$ (.i,e+"$i$)
6** e69i'

6";+i$ 6A /

- 6A%&
 - 6";%&-

s&- i*'*s e$9 "*i,"+ i++6i/i* &(1&&;&i9"?.


&- u('+ ,*iL:e:&i9?. & .i6'$' a? e.**&71
ai& a-&>. e.N"? a9i:e:&i9?.
e.*N+-+ e.N?+i$ .i6'  e$+ i++6i/i9> a;
+6i/+ "$ o$ 9 >*+ o, $
,+ e$9 I&4e99 (2104).
i',e**"+
i)*/i$
i " .%&-.
i,,i " ..%&'-
i$9:+ ,--*"/ a' a1  + i&i* a$/&>

u .+"&
e;?'/&&i9"/.
i$i i/(",? &*e.* +6i/+. &* e.* e$+ ai&"/+
i/(  +6i/%&'- u'?. a,,i/(1* i? i/(",? +6i/+.

,*N+ a-,i*

e,**&71 a-&>

,i;+i$ e,>-i'

e.*N+ a-,i*

e.**&71 a-&>

e.N?+i$ .i6''

.i6''. e.N?%&-

a*N+ &N+

i/+ &N+

aH$ i%&i$"*

e,>-i' 6A?
 , .i6''.

&"' ,i;,i;%&-

www.vallalar.org

45

.i,i$"* e.Ni,
a,$ &*6i6"*
&*N+ i-6?

a&%&"/+"&i &* i-6?

&;e,-i G +

/e,-i"& G>+.

i+6i/i* .$+"/&&
 u('+&-
o$ 9 >*+ o, $
so$ 9 >*+ o, $
e.e99?.

,+

,+s e$9 * 4&&+ i)*/"*

o$ 9 >*+ o, $ ,+


6$ 9 6i'$+i$ 6+$i*'* 6"(" +
e.$ 9 I>%&i i*'*p+ .i?
6i$ 9 6i'*e9 6A//6
 i'$6 ?+i $

-2104

e$? i)*/ i+6i/+.

i)*&> \6W: G(;&- 9,/ i,-H,/. i,-H,&>


9? .%&&"*+. &'..%&i9> 9 i'..%& &"*? W*
e"*&"i+. e"*&"iiN+ .%& i*&&i%&-iN+ ."i'99i
e.i&- e-i,"&+ ,*i,"&+ &"(;&i$9$. 2000 G(;&H&> $I
.%& &"*i * , a9> 6i e"*&"i &"*i *  +i4&i*
."i i6i&&i9?.
a6(/, a/./, ,(i&/,
,-"-/ e$9 6"$> ."i&'- 99i
e.i&- e"*&"ii* u--$. s ,9:'+ e/i6 699"* u-H+s
e$?
.%&
i*&&i+"&i
I96"j99
e"/
(183).
6"$>
."i&H&>-H+ =99"4 i6i&&i9?. 6"*"+ ."ii* ui/i&-
+i&* i6i&&i$9$.
+ *"/ ),/&>
 + I(/6
 &/(+
&A 4"/&>
 G&i &"*+ u( 
www.vallalar.org

46

e$? e"*&"i+ e"-i&"/+ &9i* )$9"+ oi/+. ii*


+ *"/ ),/ e$9? a6(/ a/./ ,(i&/ G&i +*)$: ."i"'/.
&i 4"/ e$9? 6"$&","&i ,-"-'/.
,9:'+ e/i6 6"9"N-H+
&A4
 
 "* o,$ &9i$
+9"* o,+ a,$&(; +

-183

e$+ I96"j99i* s69"*s e$? 6"$> ."i. s&A4


 
 "*s. s +9"*s
e$? &A4.
 ."i,
+9."i. ."i
,9:'+ i.e.L-&-i* e-i,"&
e/i&i$9$.
s ,9:'+
e/i6s
e$:
s ,9:'+s
e$9
e."* *
G-;--?. s + *"/s, s&A 4"/s, s +*s, s&A4s
e$9 e."9&H+
G-e9:--$. .%& i*&&i%&-i* i? "$9 e.i&- >9iI&-
i$+ 9* u(;.
&'..%& &"*i9>. .i9i? i$ ,6 i,-H,/ i.."i
,:"' +:&&i9"/. i9e"&>+ e**" ui/&>
 + e$: o'+";
K&i9"/.
i9e"&>+ e**" ui/&>
 + .i9e",,"
e.e"4i* ,9:'+ "$
-971
e$? i&>9-. iiN+
,9:'+ e$9 e."* ,&i9?. i%>
e."**e:+
,9:'+ e. e"4i*
,9:'+;
i96
i9"*
,9:'+$:. si9I o&>+s e$: i9"* o9:'+ K+ i,-H,/
s.i9I o,,"s e. e"4i*
,9:'+"* e$: e"4i*
,9:'+'&
>9ii;&i9"/.
e"*&"i/ &"*?. ."i ,9:'+, .%& &"*?. ."i ,9:'+,
i,-H,/ &"*?. ."i ,9:'+ i)*/ &"*iN+ i6i&&i9?.
i$: +;+ i*'*"? >'9,"? i1 &"*i*"$ i)*/
"$9ii&&i9"/. "$9i so$ 9 >*+ o, $ ,+s e$: o a1
a1&&i9"/, o "; ";&i9"/. o /1"& a1&&i9"/, o / ""&
";&i9"/. i%> a1 e$: 6"+ 7: a1&>+ a1 e$:+, e.L- a1(,/i)
e$:+ ie"H&>+ e"6?+.
a$: i)*/ a1 a1 i+6i/ "*i$ *1 i$$"-i*
i$: o 4e+"4i"& , e"$e+"4i"& , ."i* ,4%&
e"%&i,i?. &99"/i'  +;+i$9i& &**""/i'i* ie"$e+"4i
/,*"& e&i ,4%>,' i$+ &"(&i 9" +! i)*/i$ i,,1
&*,i"9 /,i',i& &-,i"*"$ +i>i"& /,i9:.
www.vallalar.org

47

o$ 9 >*+ o, $


,+ e$9 i)*/i$ $4&&+
i+6i/ WN&>- -  %&i& &i6?. a9i/ a((" i/",i
i&& '*,/ .i.e$.a(("?'/ - i'$ e;? +' ":+ 4%&
e"%&i$"/. &'.i ).K,'/ 4%&i$"/. &*,i.e.*,+ e9" "+
i& &-,i. e.*,"* a((",i$ i+4&&"* i'$ a9i*"i$/.
i6 o,/i "$ e* *"&>+ e/iL+. i9> a; i/(",?
a1 e$$? )$9",? a1 e$$? i? e'$ ,/i";. i? e'$",?
,/i. i$ i/ ,/i&- e$$ e$? 1,/&-i 7 *&>
e/i"?. i+6i/+ 1,/&H&> +; + e/iL+.
o$ 9 >*+ o, $ ,+ i'$ "/ e."$$"/? e."$$?
"/? e$: i$: i'-/ o,'/& &"* a,/ e$$ e."*N,"/?
e+" *"/ 100&> 99 / e$$ e."*N,"/&-! sa((" e."$$"/s
sa((",i$ e"$e+"4is e$:" $ e."*,"/&-. i)*/ "I&+
eBi$"/. a((" >9i ; e,-ii"/. e&X
 I
 & eBi,'/ *&>
e/i"?? 6"X ",'/ e**"&>+ e/iL+. i)*/ e&X
 I
 &
eBi$"/. a(("
6"X
""/. e&X
 I
 &'& "/ 1&&i9"/&-?
e**" + 6"'X" $ 1&&i9"/&-? e+"N+ 6"'X ',?&
e&"(;" $ G.i/i/&H+ "e."*N&i9"/&-. a6& &i i9>+
,6?,i?! 6**?" $!
i)*/i$ ie"$ e+"4i&> e"- &"(iN+ O/ i/
 ";
=9; ,i?.
o$ 9 >*+ - ."i o$ 9 o, $ ,$ - &- o, / e$:
e"- e. ,"/ u(;. o$ 9 >*+ - ."i o$ 9, a? .i,."i o, $
,$ - &- o, $, a,$ .i,$ e$: e"- e. ,"+ u(;.
&4&I*,/ i/"+6"i-'-L+ a'( ,1 ,* *i"+ i1"$
e"- eB?&i9"/&-. i.,//"$ u'/, &4&I*,/ .i/"+6"i-'u'/, a'( ,1 ,* *i"/ u'/ G&i ),/ u'/'L+ i%e&;?&
&"; ,"+.
o$ 9
o$:"$.

>*+

>*+

o$ 9.

o, $

,+

e,+

>*+ - i$+. ."i"* .+"* i(&&i$9i 6"&>,"/&>



+$i
i$+ o$: " $! i,-H,+ si9I o&>+ e**" ui/&>
 +s e$:
" $ 79i$"/! ,$ - i'9,$. i$+ o$9"$ "? i'9L+ o$: "$.
-i. ,//"$ u'/.

www.vallalar.org

48

(; e$$"1* ,4i;+ B9 &- ,4i& >*+ =9?.


$$"-i* e**"+ e.6+i4 6"1* .i,'$ ,4i$/ - e"B$/.
a$"* s'.,/s e$+ o >* + i&46
 i6?. e"4i* 99i >*+
*,i6"N+ ,4i";& >*+ o$9"& i6'+"* i(&&i$9i a'$,+
i(&&+"& ,"46
 $/. a$"* so$ 9 >*+s e$+ i++'9 e+"4i
eB,"i9:. a? "* .i,e+" $ e.6+i4 B,9 e,+"&& e&"(;
,(%&i$/.
a$"*
so, $
,+s
e$+
i++'9e+"4iL+
eB,"i9:.
-.i/"+6"i-'- u'/.
u*&"/ * ."i&'-& 7:,/"i+ u('+i* u--? o
."i . a? .i,."i. u*&"/ * &-&'-& 79i& e&"(";
,/"i+ u('+i* u-- &- o, $, a,$ .i,$.
- a'( ,1 ,* *i"/.
,//". i-'- u'/ e"?,"$ u'/. i/"+6"i-'- u'/L+
a'("/ u'/L+ .+.."/"$, '.,.."/"$ ('., /+"$) u'/&-.
i,,i,+ 6** '.,/&-. i,/&'-
"$ 9"/ i1"$ e"-
e&"-,"/&-. i+6i/+ '., W*"$, i)*/ '.,/ "$. i,99i*
\i9&i+i*'*. '., W*"$ e$9"N+ i+6i/+ ='$ * '.,
W*&-
"$9$:. i? .i9i? +":?. ii* '., "; .+/.+
+i>i"& u(;. .+. ."/99 e"?,"$ * e.i&H+ ii* u(;.
a1 e"? ,"$ ,i%&H& e&**"+ e"?,"&. e"?'"&,
e"- 79"+*, .+. ."/"& e"- 7:* e"+$:; .9: ,*i6?
e"- &"(  G>+. i1e**"+ 79i$"* W*i* G%&"%>
&i'&>+ O/-. .i9i?, e"?'+&>+ i+i**"+9 ",i;+.
o$ 9 >*+ o, $

o / ."i
o / &-

i? e"?,"$ u'/.
o$ 9 >*+
o, $ ,$

."i o$ 9, a? .i, ."i


&- o, $, a,$ .i,$

i? .+.."/"$ ('.,.."/"$) u'/.


(; e$$"1* ,4i;+ B9 &- ,4i&>*+ =9?. a?
'.,/ >*+ e$&i9"/ i/"+6"i-'-. .i,$, e$: u( " a$ 9 ,iM
i*'*"?
i/+$
i*'*"?
.i, $
+)/
 i"
,i-%>&i9"$
e$&i 9" +? &- ,4i  >*+ =9? e$: e."*,? a,,- 6$9"&
i&&i9". .i,e+"$ ,4i.'.,/ >*+ e$?
"$:, ,iM ,4i
www.vallalar.org

49

',(,/ >*+, i1  i$+ .i* * >*%&- =9& 7""? .9:


9&"*i*
,(;+"$"* i'e**"+ (i1 e**"+) e."**i&
e&"(1&&*"+. i&&"*i* e;"?. u('+L+ a$:.

o / ."i, a? .i, ."i


o / &-, a,$ .i,$

e$: 79i$"*, o / ."i a? ',(, ."i, o / &- a,/ ,iM e$:


',(,/ =$ 79*"&"?? .i, ++ u(;. .i, ."i e$e9" ."i u("?
i"& ',?& e&"("N+ a? ,(" +.
i)*/ .i,&/ "$. s.i, $" e"&>+ e,+ 1+ i*'*s
(5), sa,'$ o4i a+/+ i*'*s (6) e$e9**"+ "1,/ "$. G$"*
a, /
sGii/"+
a(i+(i
,((+...................a*/+i'.
"+........................o$e9$"/
i?*&+ i(%> &i$9"/& -s e$:
",i*'*"?
i)*/ '., .i"6i "$. G$"*,
,"6 .i"6 .+/.+
K&i9,/i*'*"? .i"6i "; .i+ a**,"! o$ 9 >*+ o, $
,+ e$9 i+6i/ "*i* i+*1 o$ 9 e**"/&>
 + e-ii*
,i-%>,?, e"? e"-
K,? ='$ )$: a1&H+ +i&e/i
?, e"'*, G$+i& u('+&'-& 7:,$.
o$ 9 >*+ o, $
,+ e$9> i$ ,+": e"-
&"(? e"+"& i&>+ e$: e(&i 9"+.
o$ 9 >*+
o, $

,+

- o / >*+, a? +$i >*+ (+&&


>*+)
- o / &-.

o / >*+ a? +$i >*+ e$',i o / >*+ a? ui/& >*+


e$: 7:,? i$+ e"+"$?, +i&+ e"+"$?.
o / >*+

a? +$i >*+

o / >*+

a? ui/&>
 *+

o / &-

o~,+ o 6"++
i**" /+e"-

o / >*+ +$i >*+ e$? +$i 6 .i6'$


o / >*+ ui/&>
 *+ e$? G$+ 6 .i6'$.
www.vallalar.org

50

i? +$i 6 &"*+. i&&"*i* u*& +&&- a'$,'/L+ o /


>*+"&& e&"-,(;+. +&&'- +&&-
6.i? +$i 6+. e**"
ui/&'-L+ a'$?i/&'-L+
6.i? G$+ 6+. O/9ii/&-"&i
",/%&- u e:+I r *i .i9:i/&- u e**" ui/&'-L+
o$9"&, .++"&& &?,? ui/ 6+. i'"$ G$+ 6+ G$+ 6
o'+";, G$+ 6 o'+";/i'+ e$e9**"+ ,--*"/ i$'9&>
W9: 6"9? G(;&H&> $  4%&i$"/.
e**" ui/&'-L+ + ui'/ "* &"( ,(;+ e$: 4%&i$"/
,--*"/. e**" ui/&'-L+ + ui/ "* e((i oB> ,"/i$
u-i *"$ &- i&&i9"/ e$: ,--*"/ 4%&i$"/.
e?'(L+ 9" e,i+
+ui/ "* e((i u- o?/i'+ u',/" u,&&i$9"/
",/a,/ u-6"$ K
.i?," e+e+"$ 6+I/iL+
i+e$6"$ e/i6 $ a6
,i&/+ a1& &,* I/i6ie$
.i6'+i& ,i'46 " *".

-5297

ui/&e-**"+ i'9,$ i6$+ I/iL+ .' e$&i9"/. suie/*"+


o 6A i6+ I/iL+ o ie"? e$ a9i6 $s e$? ,--*"/i$
i," ,/i (5426).
ui/&&
 H&>- 6"$
i&&i 9$,
e$&>- ui/&-
i&&i$9$. i' u(/6?
 ui/ 6*+/& e$: i'9, $ ,--*"&>.
e."$$"/"+.
sui-
ui- "+ e+-ui/ i',u(/6 
ui/ 6*+ /&s
e$? i'9,$ ,--*"&>. e."$$? (ae "i a&,* 4615973; 74).
ui/6*+ /* ,--*"/ e&"-'&.
ui/&-i * &'-& &(,/ ,--*"/.
ui/&-i * &'-&
&'-& & ,6,/ ,--*"/.
o$ 9 >*+ - a? ui/&>
 *+ e$? ,--*"/ &?.

www.vallalar.org

51

."i
.+%&'-&
&(1?
,--*"/
"1
"*&-
+i&*.
a,9'9e**"+ i%> .i6'$&>& e&"(; ,,? e"6?+. ,i/i,.i
e;?&&",i*'* *.
* I/.i?9,i ,--*"/ - +$i 6+ G$+ 6+ - ."iL+ ++
e$9 W*&-i9&"(&. i6W*i$ i>i&> e"/"$ *,9'9 a+)$:
W*&-iN+ &"(*"+. }
,--*"/i$ & e&"-'& &- o, / a,'/ o-i ( "i)
,1,i* u('+ a$"* ,4i ,(;+ *e, ,4i";, .i:e, ,4i";
7"? .i:e,%&-i$ /"* ui/
 *i 7"? *i,"+.
e,%&- ** .i6'e. ,"+
./&i ** e.I&i$9"+
e",6 &'** I&$9i; ,"+
e"..
 + "i' e+.K&i$9"+
e+,6 i,- ,i-&&+o$9i**"/
+*,i'- ,9i&i*/ ,A(&
 4i& &i$9"/
"/
e,6 ?$e"4i ,/&&
 9i ,-,A/
e'$--i eBie+ i$66 A /.
u, /"&iL+ a,i$ /"&iL+
ua ,i$/"L+
o, /u-"/ &- &(9i+i $"
u*>-A/ u(/,i$9i
i, /"+e$:+ ), / "+e$:+
iN+\ ,/&-e$:+
e, /"
 '/ ?4*,e$ u9>i/
/"u
i/(;)$ e9$*" +

4176

-5384

e,'&."/ +%&-i * e",'&.." i/%&-


e;?'/  e+?e,+ e+?e,+ e$:
'&,'&  &:&i$9A/ e,+o$e9$ 99iA/
&/ii1?& &*&+i e/i/i+ e/iA/
\,'& h+ 4i6i1*
i1*e$ I/i,A/
a4iL+' a4i"'+ G&>+,'& a9iA/
u,'&e$ $i6' ,&i$9 (+
u99i,( u99i;,A/ e99i;,A/ u,  -5570
e$9 i," "*&- ,--*"/i$ & e&"-'&&'-& &";+.
i', "$: i$+ * "*&- i,",i* u(;.

www.vallalar.org

52

&- o, /, +$i >*+ +;+i$9i ui/>*+ a'$?+ o$ 9


e$9 ,--*"/i$ e&"-'&&> i)*/i$ o$ 9 >*+ o, $ ,+
e$? )*+"& i&4&i9$ 9"!.

a$  .i,+
a$  .i,+ e$&i9"/ i)*/.
a$I+
a$ 
a$ 
a$ 

.i,+ i/(e$/ a9i,i*"/


.i,+", "+ a9i&i*"/
.i,+", "+ a9i6i$
.i,+" a+/6
 i6" /
-270

e$? i)*/i$ i+6i/+. o$ 9 >*+ o$ 9 ,+ e$9 "'*


"$ 9 a$I+ .i,+ e$9 i"N+ o i'/ "*. o$ 9 >*+
"*i* a+*1&> +; + e"- e-i. a$I+ .i,+ e$9
i"*i* 6"$> a1&H&> + e"- e-i. i"N&>. e."*N&>.
e."* ,/i&> ,/i e"- ,i/i&& ',i*'*. .i* "*&H&> a,99i$
)*' ,i e-i,"&, e-i"&, u'/ 79 1"?. +i4i$ a'+ a1.
a1 "*&H- i? o$:.
i"*i*
i$9
e."9& i+
i+
o
,'&
i$ $"'. "; i$: e.,i&>+ .i6'&>+ i$i'+ &&i$9$. a$I+
.i,+ i"*1&*i$ 9.A/&
 - e$9"*, a9i,i*"/, a9i&i*"/, a9i6i$
e$', r9:..A/&
 -. a$I .i,+",? a$I .i,+",? G+ a9i6i$ e$:
+&&i ,&i9?. e."* 6+, e"- 6+, O'. 6+ *i * 6%&H+
i"*i* i$i? i&4,'& &"(&i 9"+. "*i* &? a$  .i,+
e$?.
a$  .i,+, a$  .i,+, a$  .i,+ - e."**. e."** ,"
+(&&i9?. e(( e((. .i6' +(&&i9?. ,--*"/ i'$ a1e"99i
a1  ";&i9"/.
a$e+ i1L- a&;+ +'* 
a$e+ >1*I>+ a/ .
a$e+ ,'*&> ;/+ e" a$e+ &/+/ a 
a$e+ &?- a%&i;+ & *
a$e+ ui/o-i/ a9i ,
a$e+ a- -'+6 / o-i 
a$I ,"+/ .i, +
- 3269
www.vallalar.org

53

sa$  .i,+s e$9"/ i)*/.


s a$I,"+ /.i, +s e$&i9"/ ,--*"/. a$  .i,+ e$? "$
'.,+. u('+. '.,+. a.* '.,+. a?"$ .$+"/&&
 +.
i+6i/i* * 6i/i* sa$I''+s e$ 9 o ai&"/+.
a9> a; ai&"/+ sa$I e.,"'/ a9i,$ .i,$s e$? i/(;
ai&"/iN + ? ? +6i/%&-. a$I''+ ai&"/i* *
+6i/+ a$I+ .i,+ e$?.
i+6i/ "*i$ 6"$> a1&-iN+ a1&> a1 a$I+ .i,+
,,? "$: ,--*"/i$ sa$e+i1&>-s "*iN+ a1 ":+ a$I
,&i9?. 6"$> a1iN+ a1&> i'9, 6"$> a1&'- e; ,/i&-"&
eB?+ "? a..i;+ "? ,/i&> ,/i o '9"& e; '9 a$I
,&i9?.
i$e$" "*iN+ sa$e$  .i,+s e$: ,--*"/ 7:&i9"/.
+? ,4i; >,"&i i"$.+6/ +&> a9i,i"& ";&i9"/.
,--9 e+"$ &"*i* i ,"i/i* .i,"$ .i&$ e$e9" "$i
i6"/. a,&>+ ,--9 e+"&>+ 4&&(;. a,'/ i"$
.+6/"& , u,&i? ,--*"/ .i*
"i/ "&&'- "1L--"/.
a,99i* o$9i* "$
sa$
a$e$  .i,+
 i;& e$e$&>
.i,+ u(/6
a9i,i K a9i ,s
e$: ,--9e+"$ ";&i9"/ (ia" 2501)
a$  .i,+ - i)*/
a$e$  .i,+
a$I,"+ /.i,+ - ,--*"/.
&e"9:'+ e1
"&i9? e$' "%&-. 6"+ a$I
++" ,"46
 "* .i,++"&*"+. a$I," ,"46
 "* .i,+"&*"+.

G: a6%&-

www.vallalar.org

54

?, u*&i* G: ,'&"$ 1&'- e/i "/&- &($/. a',


G96+ e$;+. ,e+"4ii* M"6+. M - G:. a6+ - 1I.
G96%&-",$ 1. &*"6+
2.
""6+ 5. ,"6+ 6. .i"6+.

6""6+

3.

"&"6+

4.

i, G: a6%&'-L+ 7:+ i+6i/. e.L-:


,i$ a6+ +i&&.i "6+
6"i$ a6+ 69 " a6+
O >e+ 1 "&"6 a6+
Gi&& *"6+ G96 +" +

-2370

e$?. i9> a; +6i/+ "$+e9 ,i+I ,"/


e-i,"& a9i ,(1 i$9i'+"'+'& 7:&i9?.
a6
a6
a6
&6

+"
+"
+"
+"

/":+ a9i,"/ aiK/


/":+ a9i,"/ a+*/
/":+ a9i"/ a,/+&
"i a9ie,"( (" 

G96%&'-L+

-2371

a6%&- O/ G'9L+ a9i,/ aiK/; a+*/ (+*+99,/). a6+ O/


G'9L+ a9i",/&- a6'L+ Gi'L+ ('*L+ 1',L+)
a9i+""/&-.
i)*/ i+6i/i* e"6 6i/i* G96+ e$ 9 O/
ai&"/+ u--?. ai* '6? +6i/%&- u--$. a,9:- *
i/(; +6i/%& - + * e;?& &"1',. * +6i/+ G96%&-i$
e/&'- e">?&7:&i9?. G: a6%&'- $i$i  7:+
"*&H+ u--$. ,i/i,.i, r(; e;?&&" i*,i*'*.
G:
a6%&'-L+
$
*i97:+
+i4W*
i)*/i$
i+6i/6"$. G: a6%&-, 6"$> "%&-, 6"$> +"/&&
 %&-, 6"$>
,'& i&-. a"%& "&+, a+".ii e$ i,,": * ,:
?,e"-&'- ,>?+ e">?+ +i4i* $*i9 7:,/
i)*/"$. ii* a,/ ,**"i,**,/. =9"4 a,&> eBW:
e(: G(;&H&>i$ eB6 ,i/i,"$ .i"6 ."i/ W*&H&>
$ $"1"&+ G"/+"&+ a'+6 W* i)*/ i+6i/ +.
,--*"/ +? i,",i* * i%&-i* G: a6%&'-L+
a4&"&&
7:&i9"/.
7:, ";
+;+i$9i
G96
a,%&'-L+
B'+"& e99,/ ,--*"/.
www.vallalar.org

55

6""6 ""6 "&"6 ,"6


6(

: &*"6+u $
6(
6,i*&i$9 .i"6+ e$+ G96i$
"$e+& e&"16"1 
)"( &"1& e-";./" ./+e*"+
$$i '**"+
e"4iN+ ie"4iN+ $$i$9i99i\+
)/
 i&H+ =,* &
,""6+ u99* .i& e-";./
,"6?
 (i e.i$
+"/"..i i * ia e.% &"*
,-e"; e.N?+a/ .
o"( e6.i$i* "" 6 +
?/i6; 6i$9.i, +
K.i, .$+"/&&
 6ii  ae
."i6 /"i 
-3667

i? i," G9"6i'9i* 6/"i +"'* "* G9"6i'9


ae "i a&,*iN+ G96%&'-& 7:+ $$i/(; a1&- u(;.
i &*"6. K&6 e,-ie+
G.i9 .'i* ae "i
"$ " &"6 6i e,-ie+
G$ii* .i9.' ae "i
,i+* ""6+" e+e
 "- e,-ie+
a+*.i9 .'i* ae "i
e/i 6""6 e6i'* e,-ie+
a/i.i9 9+* e "i
K , "6 ?/i +* e,-ie+
a> .i9.' ae "i
K.i "6. K&e e,-ie+
a$i. .i9.' ae "i

4615(334615(33-44)

i,"
"*&-i*$9i,
,--9e+"$?
u .%&-iN+
u'/6' W*&-iN+7 G96+ 99i e.i&- 79e:&i$9$.
M"6 .+/. K .i, .$+"/&&
 + e$i* M"6+ e$? "??
,"6+, .i"6+, ""6+, 6""6+, "&"6+, &*"6+ G& G:.
-e+"$i$ u .& >9iI
i+ e++e
 +"4ie"- ,i-&&ie$*'* e%%$e+$i$:
www.vallalar.org

56

"&"6 &*"6 6""6


""6
,"6 .i"6 e+$
."6", ."i/&H +,9'9 ,i+i ,,4i&&(i$9 ."&/&H&>
+6/", i"6+"& u".i&& ,i-%>&i$9 .i+/ /&.i'& >9i&>+
.i9.'& &( (, .&&i4"e/$6 e,I*,/ e" 1'9,/ /+"&"
,"&&"$ e+"4i;. .+/ ."p, ."."&"/+" G96i 61&&i$9
.i+/ 6$ i, ' ,"..i *Mi+"&& e&"--"*i$.
."6 .+/. *i e"e-*'*'L'e$&.
-u*e&*"+ e$+ e++e
 +"4i e"-
,i-&&+
i)*/ i+6i/+ *"& ,--*"/ i," ,'/ G96%&-
79"N+,
G:
a6%&H+
i "?
6"1*
,4&&i*i*'*.
a,i*i*'*.
,"6+ .i"6+ e$9 i/(; a6%& - *+ a9i ,i"&+"&
,i-&&+"& ,i-%>&i$9$. ='$ 6"$> a6%&H+ ,i"&+"& i*'*.
,"6?&> W*&- u--$; +%&- u--$; >+"/&- u--$/.
.i"6?&> W*&- u--$; +%&- u--$; >+"/&- u--$/. +99
6"$> a6%&H&>+ W*&-, +%&-, >+"/&'-& &" (" +? a,9:&>
e$$
Gi9:?
6"$>
a6%&H+
e$$
Gi$?
e-ii*
,i'
&i9&i*'*!
i9>+
,--*"/
"$
,i'-i&&i9"/,
,--*"&>$ i,,i-&&' ,e9%>+ &"(&i 9"+.

,i-&&+-i&&i9"/.

i)*/"$ $*i* ,"6 .i"6 .+/.+ .i$"/. i$ $


"L+"$,+ ,"6 .i"6 .+/.+ .i$"/. i,,i,'/L+ a1e"99i
,--*"/
M"6
.+/+
(G96
.+/.+)
K&i9"/.
"+
&(
.$+"/&&
 ?&> M"6 .+/. K .$+"/&&
 + e$: e/i;&i9"/. M"6
.+/. K .$+"/&&
 + i$$e$: 6A( u .+ o$'9L+ e.&i9"/.
a, .i* "$
,"6 .i"66,i/ ='$ 6"$&6%&H+
e$$,"i$ e$'& >9ii;&i9"/. u .i$ a>i ,+":.
M"6 .+/. K .i, .$+"/&&
 + e$i* M"6+ e$? "??
,"6+, .i"6+, ""6+, 6""6+, "&"6+, &*"6+ G& G:.
+91
a6%&-i$
ap,+,
&"*+
i+
*i
,:";&-"*
=9i&>'9L+. G*"* M"6+ ,i"&+i**"+*
,"6 .i"6i*
6"$&"6+ ,i"i+" i&&i$9$. +91 a6+ 6"$&i$ \&&i ,i/+:
,"6i*
""6
"&"6+ .i"6i* 6""6 &*"6+
www.vallalar.org

57

a%&ii&&i$9$. i6 \&&i+ 99i


,"6 .i"6 +
a,i* K ,"6 K .i"6+" ,4%>&i$9$.

i "?

-i/"+*i%& a1&- ,/*": &&+ 257


ia" u'/6'>i &&+298
a6%&-i$ \&&i+ 99i ,--9e+"$ 7:+
"+9i6,'/ ,: "/"N+ e6W*iN+ 79e9,i*'*.

i,,i-&&+

&*"6+ 6""6+ .i"6i*


a%&i,i$.
"&"6+ ""6+ ,"6i*
a%&i,i$.
i,,": 6"$> a6%&H+
,"6 .i"6i* ,i"i+"&i,i$.
(,i"i+ - &*6? u--"& ,i-%>*). i,,": 6"$> a6%&'-L+
,i"i+"&&i& e&"(;
,"6+ .i"6+ ,i"&+"& u--$.
(,i"&+ - e,-i'"& ,i-%>*).

,--*"/ G96 a,%&'-L+ e99,/


M"6
e99,/.

.+/.+

K+

,--9e+"$

M"6",

.ii&'-L+

sG96 6i'*&-i$ a, 6i'9 ,s (3190) e$: i'9,'$ ?i&>+


,--*"/, s6""6 i,Ai 66? &  $"s e$:+ s6""6 i,Ai
6" "
"4is
e$:+
=&&:+
,--*"/
i$$"-i*
G96
a,%&'-L+ 99"& e9: G96 ,Ai&-iN+ G* e.,/"$"/.
ia" G9"+ i'9 e('6"+ i&+ .i,"$6 B6* ?
"*&H+ "* ":+.
6""6 6";& &"/ 6"&$ G&i
...................................................................
G/( ,Aii* G. e.A /
ae "i e$ G(,/ 6A
""6 6"' I/&& +* =99i
....................................................................
G&+ ,Aii* G. e.A /
ae "i e$ G(,/ 6A
K ,"6 ,Aii* G.e.A /
ae "i e$ G(,/ 6A
K .i"6.........,Aii* G.e.A /
ae "i e$ G(,/ 6A

/ 11-4645

/ 22-4646
/3/3-4647
/4/4-4678
www.vallalar.org

58

K 6""6...........,Aii* G. e.A /


ae "i e$ G(,/ 6A
K ""6........,Aii* G. e.A /
ae "i e$ G(,/ 6A
"&"6.........,Aii* G. e.A /
ae "i e$ G(,/ 6A
&*"6..........,Aii* G. e.A /
ae "i e$ G(,/ 6A
a-"$ ,Aii* G. e.A /
ae "i e$ G(,/ 6A
a ."i ,Aii* G.e.A /
ae "i e$ G(,/ 6A

/5/5-4679
/6/6-4680
/7/7-4651
/8/8-4652
/9/9-4653
/10/10-4654

e$: 7:,?; ae "i G(,/ ,--*"&> G96 ,Ai&-iN+


G*e.L+ e+ 9'9 - a,6i'*' - a-i$"/ e$9> a&.
."$9">+.
G/( ,Ai
G&+ ,Ai
,"6 ,Ai
.i"6 ,Ai
6""6 ,Ai
""6 ,Ai
"&"6 ,Ai
&*"6 ,Ai
a-"$ ,Ai
a ."i ,Ai

, ,Ai
G&+ ,Ai

G96 ,Ai&-

a- ,Ai
a ."i ,Ai

e$:
, G&+ ,Ai&'- $+, G96 ,Ai&'- i'iN+, a-
a ."i ,Ai&'- i$ i:iiN+ ',?& 79ii? a4&i">+.
, G&+ a,%&-, G96 a,%&-, a-
a,%&- e$? a,1'9L+ (,/i'.L+) G>+.

a "i

6"$> +"/&&
 %&-
".+"/&&
 +, .9Ii/+"/&&
 +, .&+"/&&
 +, .$+"/&&
 + e$9 6"$>
+"/&&
 %&'-. '.,+ 7:&i9?. i6"$> +"/&&
 %& - ./i', &i/i',
"&+, "$+ e$: 6"$> "%&-"&+ (."$%&-"&+) 79
www.vallalar.org

59

e:&i$9$. i66"$&"N+ a'e:+ i&- ." *"&+, ."+A+, ."~+,


."L..i+ e$& 79e:&i$9$.
6"$> +"/&&
 %&-, 6"$> ."$%&-, 6"$> i&- G&i,9'9&
7:+ * +i4 W* i)*/ i+6i/ +. i+6i/i* i$$i/(;+
$$i/(; ai&"/i* a4&"& 79e:&i$9$.
e-i$* A +i*+*/ e&"*
a-ii$ e+B& *?i/
 * ,"4
 *
-i+(i 99* $+ .$+"i
$ie"4i* e.,? "$". +"/&&
 +
-i+6i/+ 1502
h.i* ,".i* "99* e.ii*
G.99 699,+ ,"'+ aB&&i$'+
6.ii $$+ 6AKi e.$+9
9".99 .9I i/+"/&&
 +"> +
-i+6i/+ 1496

G"/ ."'$ "$"1 Ki&-


+"i Ae/( &*"6? ,i(e("-i
"" *? I*$&/ (+I6i
."" /(%e& *".& +"/&&
 +
-i+6i/+ 1492
"$, $"&i "'$6" +*e.9:
+"$+ "e+"4i "$
  /",?
"$
+A$+i* "$" hii* i$6
"$, $"L9 *"$.$ +"/&&
 +
-i+6i/+ 1481
.$+"/&&
 ."$6 "$"$ +"+
i$+"/&&
 ."$+ '/& &"6i9>+
?$+"/&&
 + ,i ?/i ?/i.99"/
.$+"/&&
 6 "$, $">.$ +"/&&
 +
-i+6i/+ 1483
www.vallalar.org

60

e$ ,+ 6"$> i+6i/%&H+ 6"$> +"/&&


 %&'-& 7:',.
i+6i/?&> i$I i,9'9 a4&"& ,>?+ e">?+ 7:+
.i,"$.ii"/.

."$ 4

+"/&&
 + 4

i 4

./i'
&i/i'
"&+
"$+

".+"/&&
 +
.9Ii/+"/
 +
i/+"/&&
.&+"/&&
 +
.$+"/&&
 +

." *"&+
."+A+
."~+
."L..i+

./i' *"$ ."$+ 6"$&i* o,e,"$9iN+ 6"$> i/i&- u(;.


a',",$.

./i'

./i'i9
./i'i9
./i'i9
./i'i*

./i'
&i/i'
"&+
"$+

&i/i'
&i/i'

&i/i'i9 ./i'
&i/i'i9 &i/i'
&i/i'i* "&+ (&i/i"
&i/i'i* "$+

"&+)

"$+

"$i9 ./i' ("$ ./i')


"$i9 &i/i' ("$& &i/i')
"$i* "&+ ("$ "&+)
"$i* "$+

".+"/&&
 +

e"(
e"(; e69i

.9Ii/+"/&&
 +

+&$'+ e69i

.&+"/&&
 +

"4'+ e69i

.$+"/&&
 +

&"* e69i, >.A e69i


www.vallalar.org

61

".+"/&&
 i*

i'9,&>+ a1"&>+ u-u9 G("$ a1'+ u9. (".$ a1'+ - e"(;).

.9Ii/+"/&&
 i* a$ +&$ u9
u9
(+&$'+ u9)
.&+"/&&
 i*

o i6(/&-
(6I u9)

.$+"/&&
 i*

6"&$ 6"&i
('*,$, '*,i u9) > .A$ u9.

'., .+ >/,/ 6"*,+ 6"$> +"/&&


 %&'- ,i-&& ,6,/&-.

".+"/&&
 ' ,i-&& ,6,/
.9Ii/+"/&&
 ' ,i-&&,6,/
.&+"/&&
 ' ,i-&& ,6,/
.$+"/&&
 ' ,i-&& ,6,/

a/
(i6"&&/./)
.+6/
K6//
+"(i&&,".&/.

+"(i&&,".&/
,i-&&i
'.,
.$+"/&&
 '.
.+/.
K
.$+"/&&
 +"& ,i-&& ,6,/ 6"*,&>i$ \6"+,/"& ,6 ,--*"/.
'.,+ 7:+ .$+"/&&
 '  .+/. K .$+"/&&
 +"& ,i/i?
,i-&& ,6,/ ,--*"/. "+ &( +"/&&i9>. s.+/. K .$+"/&&
 +s
e$:+, a$ .%&i9>. .+/. K .$+"/&&

.i .%&+ e$:+
,--*"/ e/i"/. .%&+ e"%&e99 &"*i* a9&ie99 e/
s.+/. , .$+"/&&
 .%&+s e$ . .+/. K .$+"/&&
 .i .%&+
e$? i$$/ +"99i ie99 e/. .+/.
, .$+"/&&

.%&+
e$9> e"- ,i-&&+ e.L+ ,--9e+"$.
.+/.
,
.$+"/&&

.%&+
e$9>
e"-:
e**".
.+%&H&>+ e"?,"&i a9iW* 1,"$ 6"$&",? +"/&&
 '
aM1&&i$9 7e+$: e&"-&. +91 +"/&&
 + 6"$&",$: ".+"/&&
 +
.9Ii/+"/&&
 +, .&+"/&&
 +, .$+"/&&
 + e$ 6"$>.
-ia" u'/6'>i &&+ 298
www.vallalar.org

62

e$& 7:&i9"/. e$ , ,--*"/i$ .+/. K .$+"/&&


 i9> a1'
'.,+ 7:+ 6"$&",? +"/&&
 +"&i .$+"/&&
 + e$? e-i.
,--*"/ G: a6%&-i$ a, 6i'*' e99?
+"/&&
 %&-i$ a,%&'-L+ e99,/.

"$ 9 6"$>

./i'6i'*
./i'6i'* 6"$>+o &i/i'6i'* 6"$>+
$i "& 6i'*6"$>+ $i$i&( 9i6 $
u/i.i, "$6i'* 6"$>+a- o-i"*
o$e9"$9" a9i6 $ +* u('+6i'* e9 9$
a/i.i, .i"6 ,"6 *"+
G96 6i'*a9i6 $ a"*6i$ 9"%>+
e/i.i, a,
 +
a,"* .+/..$ +"/&&
e9 9$i% &i9,"'+ u9 9$&"( "4i -5806

a1$ G&&i i-'- G&&i 6$ G&&i 


a1&- G&&i& e&"(" e$'$ a,*+ 6A&&
 i

-5035
a$ 9e$'$ a1$ G&&i G( ."i 
a$i$ i-'- G&&i a-i%
% &-i ."i 
6$ 9 +A;
 + 6$ G&&i 66 ."i 
6"+ 6AL+ o$e9$:'/? 6*> ."i  -5059
e$9 a"&&-"* ,--9e+"$ 6"$> +"/&&
 a,%&'-L+ 99"&
e99'+ e9;+.
a1$, i-'-

6$ - ". .9Ii/ .&+"/&&


 +

a1&-, 6"+ 6AL+ o$: - .$+"/&&


 +
i?&":+
&(,99"*
,--*"/i$
.+/.
K
a1'"$', i+6i/i* u- e$? ,i-%>+.

.$+"/&&
 i9>

a& 6"&> - ?,"/',


e'L+ a&&&( e&"(; "/&&


,(;+ e$&i9"/ i)*/.

&i9 &(e&"(; &"(&i$9 )/&"-


www.vallalar.org

63

a&i9 &(e&"(; &"(  G$6+


+&> " $ +("- $" "1
K&'. e."*e*$9"* e."*N+" e9%& $

-2944

e$? i)*/ i+6i/+. &&&( e&"(; &"( "'/ )/ e$&i9"/.


a&&&( e&"(; &"(' G$6+ e$&i9"/. " oi $
&(, $";71 a'6 i$' +&H&>. e."***"> +"? e$:
&&i9"/. a&i$+ a,/,/ a,? a9i ,(1?.
&"iN+ e,+ 6+&> u- -"$ i&&i$9$. a,9'9 e,-i 
;,' ,i u- - 1 (6"1)& &"(  a9i''+.
u--+ e% &"i* 0+(I) G*+
,--9 i/"$"/&>
 ," &"I/ ,".*
e-- e-i6"/&>
 . .A,$ .i,*i%&+
&-- I*$ \6?+ &"-"+(i ,i-& &

-1823

e$? i)*/ i+6i/+


u--(?) o,'$ u-}: ."i'
u--+,i(;) O/1 6A%&
 " o,'$
u--+ "+ u $ i&&i+
u--+ a,'$u a9i" 
-431
u--i$ u- - u-* A/
 
 %&-
e+--& >'6? 6i$9""/ ,i'$e&
--+ +;+ /6? i/i, /
&-- +$'& &*,i i *" /
-509
u--+ e% &"i* 0+I G*+ e$&i9"/ i)*/. &" +
e$&i9"/ i6"&&/./.

&"i*"&

&" + &"i* G&& &1+$+ a1'+G&


,"'+  i'+ G& +$+(i i*i%&+G&
6 + e6L+ "*6i'9 6A/ a'+ G1
h.'$ r.$"/&>
  "99,i& &"1 $" +
e$? i6"&&/./
,"/+. i ,"/+ a&h'.'& e."*N&i9?.
u--+ e% &"i* 0+I G*+ e$9 i+6i/i9> &" +
&"i*"& e$+ i ,"/+ +i&+ e"+"$ e;?&&"">+.

www.vallalar.org

64

u--i$ u- -  e**" A/


 
 %&H+ u--$; a,99i* e+--&
>'6? G"+* &*,i i**" &--+$ ',/&- --+ +;+ /6?
i/i&i9"/&- e$: .";&i9"/ i)*/.
,--*"+ a& 6"&'&, a&&&( e&"(; &"(', a&h'.'
,9I:?&i9"/. I,+i  .i99+*+, "$.' e$? ,--*"/ &?.
a&  &"( ,(1 o-i a,'  I9  "$.'
"i
/i.$+"&& &"1i&&i9"/ ,--*"/.
si6?+e$ u--i& &"i* "$
.iiI/+ e$. .i+ &( $s

-3796

s.i "$.' e$- &($$


.$+"/&&
 .ii' 6"$ e9:& e&"($$s
-4909
e$$ ,--*"/ i,"&>&-; i,".
e'L+
e**",9'9L+
a& 6"&&i*
?, 6"&&i*
&"(?
,--*"&> ,4&&+. ia" "*&- *+ u .%&H+ i'$
e-i,"&& &";+.
i)*+ ,--*"+ a& 6"&'&, ?,"/',' ,9I:i,/&-.

$'$ a9i*

i' (&'-) a9i ,(;+.


K', (G$+"',; $'$) a9i ,(;+.
".'('-';&'; G(,+ &$++ +"' G&i ++*%&'-)
a9i ,(;+
a9i6 ".' 6A?
 K i"& G& ,(;+.
$'$ a9i6"* '*,'$ a9i*"+ e$e9" 4e+"4i 
=9;,i? i)*/i*i6? eB6 4e+"4i"$ i?. $'$ a9i*
91. '*,'$ a9i* a; 1.
$'$
$'$
'$
$'$
$'$

a9i $&e&" &1*'*


a9i"+* " $ e&;&i$9"$
a9iL+ a9i', a9i6i$
 a/..
 i&& "$i6" $ - 2355
www.vallalar.org

65

e$'$
e$'$
e$'$
e$'$

a9i6i *$ i'$ &"*+


a9i6i$ =?+ a9i6i *$
a9i6i1N+ '&,i"(?)
ie$'$ u."&i$9" $ -2366

e$?+ i+6i/+.
$'$ a9i6i;+ ?, "$i&-
$'$ ,i'$i$ 1.'. a,i4
 /&-
i$'$ ,i'$' i1? i'.,"/&-
e.$$ii* ', .i,$ a-" *

-2641

e$?+ i+6i/+. ii+6i/%&H&e&**"+ u'/ 79 ,(1i*'*.


u'/
,("? " $ ,i-%>+ e-i'+L+ a'+L+ 6i'96',
i"*&-.
$'$"$ "e/$:, i$$"e/$:, *i* a9i ,(;+. 6+'+
6"+ "e/$: a9i ,(;+. 6"$ "/? e$ 9 o W* e."/ /+(/.
$'$ a9i,  a9i. i$'$ a9ie,**"+ 9i e$&i9"/ i)*/.
$'$ a9i,i$i9 e.
e. ?,+
i$'$ a9i,i'$ e99"* a9i*"+
$'$ a9i,? a9i,"+ aq$9i
i$'$ a9i,? 9i ,"> +
-2318
$'$ a9i,? e1? 6"+ "/? u+"? &,i&/(%&-"? ui/"? *i*
a9i ,(1? 6"+ i6 u+** e$?.
s$'$ a9i"? u'* $ "e$$9"$s (2264)
su$'$ a9i"? u'* $ 6"e$$9"s(2279)
e$$ i+6i/ ,/i&-.
u* 6"+$:, '& &"*&- &+ &( &"? *i u:I&H+ 6"+$:
+$+ *i u-H:I&H+ (&/(%&H+) 6"+$:. 6"+ e$? ui/;
G$+". G$+"', (ui'/) a9i6"* ui/&>
 i/"$ i'9,'$ a9i*"+.
$'$ a9i*",?, "$ G$+" e$: a9i*. $ G$+/' a9i*. $
G$+",i$ u('+ 6i'*' a9i*.
u%&'- 6A%&
 - a9i,A/&
 -"? u%&'- u%&H&> e/iL+"? e$:
&"*, e$'$ e$&> e/i"?! e$'$ 6"$ a9i $! e$: e'$
/ 7:,"/&-. e$'$ e$&> e/i""? $'$"$ a9i" +"6/
www.vallalar.org

66

/(ii* o,/ u( "? e$'$ a.$"& e((i " &/? e$:" $
7:,"/&-. i1"$ e."$$"$ a6& &"*? .A$ o,$. a,&>&
> u .i&&i9"/.
'&,**i 6,6A+ e$e9" a'+"$
,"6 +i4 W*.
"(,/"
K,"+i&-
e.?.
ai*
>.A
u'/"&"*
$'$9i'*& 7:+ e.L-&- i$i'+"$',; e-ii* e"-
,i-%>',.
> u .i&&i9"/:
$'$L+ $&" "/ '*,'$ L+&(" $*
i$'$ a '*,$"$" i/++" i9I A/,
 $
u$'$6A a9i6" G&i*
G&i* u$&e&" &;+ i*'*
e$'$6A &'& " * r? .i  $ -13
.A$

&&i9"$:
e$'$"$ .$" u-- e((i " e."$$A/\
 "
$'$"$ a9i" +"6/ /(ii* o,/ u( "
i$'$"$ a,/&- e**"+ i96i96 ?4N ,"$=$
6i$'$"$ 6+i
i $9>6i((+ aH ,A /.
-14

>+A(;
 + aH&i9"/:
i$$? &+ &i i,$e$ u(/,"$ ",$
a$$,$ $'$ "$e$ 99i6,/ G>+ e$9"/
e."$$i$ &i "/ i i*"+a* *"+* e$9"$
i$$? & \/ A'4L+ 6'&L+ e&"("/
-15
&+ i$$? &i i,$ e$ u(/,$ $'$"$ a9i6,/ e$?
"(,/"/ u .+.
&+
,:
&i
,:; u+I
,:, u+'
u',$ ,: e$: a9i ,(;+. e$ u+I e$$" *  u+I
,:, u+' u' 6"+
,: e$? e9;&i9 $ 9". e$'&,
e$&"*, e$&( e$: 7:,"* u+I 6"+$: e$99i*"+. 6+'+ 6"+
a9ie,""? 6+ &,i &/(%&- 6+'+ +'9?& e&"(;--$. i6
+'9' 6A&&
 i& &("* 6+'+ 6"+ G$+" e$: a9i*"+. i)*/
i'$ O/ a'+"$ "*"* u"/("* 7:&i9"/.

e"$'$ +'9? e"$$(i h(+


e"$$i$
$i$ +'96? e"$$(i h(+
$'$ +'9? $ &/ (%&-"+
www.vallalar.org

67

$$i$+'96? $ &/(%& a(i


h(+

-2289

- G/(+ ; 6'&
- hM(+.

e"$ 6'& o$'9 6'& e$9 e(( "; "/&>


 + "? e"$ e$?
"$9"?. e"$ e$9 e(( "; "/&>
 + "? 6'& e$9 e((+
"$9"?. e"$ 6'&' o e( &"(iN+ e"9e.*,$ o,/
&"(iN+ i, ,:";(;. %& 6'&' "/ (e"9e&"**/) "/&>
 +
"? *i* a$ +"9: ( &") e' *i$ , a,/ &(&H&>
;&i$9$.
a4>
*i',
aI9+
"$.
a 
%&
6'&'
e(e("i "/&>
 +
"? a,H&> 6'&  *i* e/i&i9?.
%&i$ /e+**"+ aI96"$.
i' "* G$+" $ &,i &/(%& - e$: e((i$"* G$+
/i.$+ i*'*. G$+"
,:
&+
,: e$:
6"&>+
"? &,i
&/(%&- +'9L+. & + "$ e$9 e(( "; "/
 "* 6+&> G$+"
e/i,i*'*. &,i &/(%&- G$+"', +'9&&i$9$. &,i &/(%&-
6"+**, 6"+ a,99i$ ,9"&i G$+" e$9 e(( "; "/&>
 + "?
G$+" e/i&i9?. &,i &/(%&- +'96? ,i;&i$9$. s$'$ a9i"?
u'* $ "e$$9"$s e$9 i+6i/+ i'"$ 7:&i9?.
+/' +'9? +"+ "'$
+/i$ +'96? +"+ "'$
/' +'9? "/9 h +
/i$ +'96? "/9 h +

-2290

e$e9" +6i/+ u(;. e"$'$ +'9? e$+ +6i/i9> a;


+6i/+ i?. i? //i.$' u(/?
 &i9?. $'$ 9i'* 99i
+6i/%&- G$+ /i.$' u(/?&i$9$.
i)*/,
"(,/"/
G&i "/i$
a'+"$
,"&>&'ue&"(; ,--*"/ $'$ a9i6i$9 e$9 o .i: e"/"* $'$
a9i,'& 7:&i9"/.
$'$ a9i6 i$9 e,((i*" , - o
6i/6A e."** ,(;+ e,((i*" ,
e$? ,--*"/ i,".

I*$&&+ - i6i/i oB&&+


www.vallalar.org

68

"/
 "$ a&i * "9K \6?(;
+
 "+ i$9i e,9i? i/i,$
+
 "+ u(" e,9iL+ a%&i$"*
"/
 "$ K\6?+ "*". e."/iL +
-i+6i/+ 2883.
"/
 "$ e$? i%> i/"+('$& >9i$:; G$+"',& >9i&>+.

"/
 "$ a&i * -

G$+" >1i&&i9 ,A"&i 6+


u+i * .

"9K \6?(;

+
 "+ i$9i

i6i/i%&- \6? u--$. &(


&"? 6"&> )&> e+ G&i
\+e"9i&H+ i%> "9K&&-"&
u,&i&&;--$.
+
 "/ i**"+*

e,9i? i/i&i$9$

a$ a$ "&&i * e,9i


e&"(; i/i&i$9$.

+
 "+ u("

+
 ,/ i6?

e,9iL+ a%&i$"*

a&&i G-"*

"/
 "$ K \6?+

 .6i/i%
i/i%&H+(\+e"9i&H+)

"*". e."/iL+

i$ "'*. e."/iL+.


G$6' +.

e,9i? i/iL+ \+I*$&'- a&&i GH+


+
 "-/"& i&&
,(1? +$+. e"9i I*$&- I9&&,i. +$+ a&&&,i. a&&&,i"&i
+$+, I9&&,i&-"&i e"9iI*$&'- a&&i G- ,(;+.
K', o-i 0: o'. 6"99+ e$'96i$
-27
,'&e/i,"$ &  u*>
&(; &; u(; ui/?
 u9: a9iL+ \+I*+
o(e"1 &( (u-.
-1101
www.vallalar.org

69

e"9i,"i* \6,i"$ e"A/ oB&&


e69i6i$9"/ 6A;,"4 ,"/
-6
e$9 >9"&&- i% & e((&&$. I*$&&' ,--*"/ i6i/i
oB&&+ e$: 7:&i9"/.
.$+"/&&
  ee69i oB&&+ e$: 6"$> oB&&%&'- ,--*"/
u .i&&i9"/.
1. i6i/i oB&&+

i6i/i%&-"&i e"9i
I*$&'- oB%>;?*,
a&&i GH*.

2. &/( oB&&+

a6&&/(%&-"&i
(u&,i&-"&i) +$+
*i,9'9 oB%>;?*
a&&i GH*.

3. A, oB&&+

+&&- a'$,'/L+
$'$ "* ",i?
oB>* - +$i 6+.

4. G$+ oB&&+

e**" ui/&'-L+ $


 $
$'
"* ",i? oB>*.
a'$?i/ 6+. G$+
6+.

e**",99i9>+ i6i/i oB&& + 91. ,--*"/ 7:+ i6i/i


oB&&i$ u('+ i)*/i$ i+6i/i* "/
 "$ a&i * e$9
"*i* ,i-%&& &"(&i 9"+.
K&&'+&>
 + G$"&i )*$ u+i$ i6 i)*/
 .6i/i K&&'+?
 
/i$ "*&9&>+ u"'.
e."*N&i9"/. &(($ +"; +
 "$ e$? i K G; +
 "/ e$?+
i6 + . i K6"&> 6** +
 / (> eM/; Good Sheepherd),
e$e9" e/ 7:,/. &((i/"+ 6**
+
 /. G$"6"$"+
6** +
 /. $'$ )*+ i$'$ i)*+ 6** +
 /& -.
G$"* i,/&e-**"+ G; +
 ,/$:; +"; (K) +
 ,/",/. eM/;
a**/. e&-e/; Cowherd G,/. G$+"&&H&> K e$? ."i/e/.
G; +";&'- +
 ? e-i?. +&& K&&'-, G$+K&&'-, a,/&-?
i6i/i%&'-, e"9iI*$&'-, +$' +
 ? a,,- e-i$:.
www.vallalar.org

70

+&&- G; +";&-"& i&>+ ,'/ e/i "/&- 6** +


 /&-"&
i6? +&&
 " $ ,(;+. +'* 6"; +&&- G; (aiN+ >:+";)
"$9,/&-. &A'4
? +&&- +"; aiN+ K+";
"$9,/&-.
a$"* "$ i K a%> "$9i$"/. &((+ G$"+ i)*+
i% & "$9i$"/.

u+i$ a'+
&" + i? e"", &"99' '" e$$
"$9',
e**"+ u+i$ 6i'*"'+' ("&'& 6i'*"'+')& 79,6 e"?
u('+&-; .i9I u('+L+ 16 1,"$ ('+L+ G&+"".
K,'/ ',?"$ .ii/+ eB ,(;+ e$? 4e+"4i. a? "*
u+' ',?"$ 6"+ i .ii&'- e9 ,(;+ e$  1,"$
('+.
i,('+'
79iL--$/.

,--*"+

i)*+

aB+"&+

a4&"&+

i6 u+' a*i+ (("+* e"$'$ "* "/&&


 ,(;+.
-u'/6'>i u .&>9iI&- &&+ 297
i',9> i++"$i
& + &&"L+
,:
&" *'
',? a/i"L+ i"*"* e,,i "*"i+ &+ 6A1i&>+
1 "?&"* ,(;+.
-&&+ 320
e$$ ,--9e+"$i$ u .+.
u+"/ a4ii* ui/" a4i,/
i+ e+
 "$ ./ +""/
u+' ,-/&>
 + u"+ a9i6 
u+' ,-/ $ ui/ ,-/  $

-724

u+i'$ $$+ iB&e&$ 9i6 $


u+i& >- - u:e"- &( $
u+I - u+$ &"i*e&"( "$e$:
u+i'$ "$i6 "+I&i$ 9 $
-725
e$$ i)*/ i+6i/+.
www.vallalar.org

71

u+'L+ ui'/L+ su+"/s sui/"/s e$: G/ ,i>i e&";?


a4&"&& 7:&i9"/ i)*/. i)*/i$ i6 G.i i.,i.&.', +i&+
&,/&i9?. &-'-L+ &"i'L+ e."** I>6 i.,i.&. s&--"/
a(($"/ &"i"/ +i"/s e$&i9"/. i)*/ ,"&&i$ "&&+**,"
i.,i.&. ,i$ i&79:.
u+I a4i6"* ui+ a4iL+. u+"/ a4ii* ui/"/ a4i,/.
i+ e+
 "$+ ./+ +""/. i'"$ ,--*"/ i',9>
i++"$i
& + &&"L+
,:
&"* a' a',? a/i"L+
i"*"* e,,i"*"i+ &+ 6A1&>+1 "?&"* ,(;+
e$: 79i$"/.
su+' ,-/&>
 + u"+ a9i6  u+' ,-/ $ ui/
,-/  $s e$&i9"/ u+' ,-/
 "* ui'/ ,-/&&
 *"+. u+'
,-/
 "* e$? i "? .""/(+"& ee"-i* ,4%>&i9?. ,A(i*
u(; e&"B?i/i* e$9 e"-i***," ,4%>&i9?. su+"/ a4ii*s
su+i'$ $$+s e$9 i,,i "*&H+ i+6i/i* &" .ii
u"+ e$9 ai&"/i$ * i/(; "*&- (+6i/%&-).
u+i'$ iB&> e$: $$+ e((i i6"/"+. i$ $
u+i&>- - u:e"'-& &("/"+, u+i&>- - u+$
&"i* e&"("$ e$: u+i'$ "$ i6? O+I&i$9"/"+. e,,-
a4&"&. e."*N&i9"/ i)*/.
u+I u+$
&"i*
e&"("$
e$' 
,--*"/
+$i &i*
&-
&"/i;,?
e$:
u .i&&i9"/.
u--+
e% &"i* 0+I G*+ e$+ i+6i/'L+ (1823) i% &
e((i "/&&
 ,(;+.
u+i$ a'+'
"$ 9 u+' ,-/&>
 + u"%&'-L+
a$)*+ ui'/ ,-/&>
 + u"%&'-L+ ,--*"/ ia",iN+
u .%&-iN+ 7:&i9"/.

I, +i a,+


I,+i  .i99+*+. I,+i  "$.'. i% &"$
i'9,'$& &"( ,(;+ e$? ,--9e+"$? a,+; u .+.

6"+

i6 &i* I,+ii* 6+? G$+ a9ie,$&i$9 &/h


 /i*
&- ae-$&i$9 A+ ,i-%>,"& ",i? "/?
 , ai* 4&i
www.vallalar.org

72

4&i& &-i 
u('+"&i a$'L+ A,/&-i  u('+"$
&"(i'L+ i',i"+* ',? O%&"/."/ "& e.*
,(;+. a,.i+.
-u .+ 6ii&+,ii ia",
u'/6'>i &&+ 244
e&&"*?+
,(;+.

I,+ii$

&( (

6+'

&/('.

e.N

-u .& >9iI&- ia",


u .>i &&+ 249

G$+"&>. .&* ,i-&&+"&i ."&&i/X"$+


,i .+ .i96? **"i* )&> p$i"&i I,+i.

**"+.

G*"*

-u .& >9iI&- ia" u'/6'>i


&&+ 268
e$$ ,--9e+"$? u .%&-i* I,+i' 99i&7:+ i%&-
.i*,"+.
$i/ 6"1 *i$+i'. * 
'*,e/*"+ ,(%&6i$9 '*,$ 6/".$
i$i K&+ a9i6?e&"-" i-+,6$i *
e$ I,6; i6"$
-3026
6"; 6; 6"i* u99 a, "$+
6"$ i-% &"'* a'
6*&i e%&'( a $

-3678

&(&-i&& I'
I'&
& .i9i?+ &""  I,&
&'* 6; , ,i-%>&i$9 &9h/ ,i-& & - 4108
'&9,i *"6;& &( I, h;
&(; &-i e&"(; i96?(; 6; 6";
\/ +i& uL+,'& a/ ,i'- ";
G;,e$ 9+'9&- ";,? "; -5258
e$$ ,--9e+"$?
"*&-"+.

I,+i

a,'&

7:+

ia"

www.vallalar.org

73

I,+i&>
,--9e+"$
,i6?X"$+,
a9i,i+,
**"+,
.K/i+,
..6i)*+,
"4,
+&" +,
"*+,
&"X"$+,
."?,"/+. I,+i )*+, e699i&&(, .i9.' e$* e/&'u .%&-i9 >9ii;&i9"/.
I,+i .i99+*+ e$: ,--*"/ 7:,9> G"/+"&.
e699i&> 6 / I, i'e,-i
u9: "/&&
 o-i,i; +6i/+
9:&> 99" /+ $i6i
.i99+ * e+$: ./6?

&"(  $-2770
e$+ i+6i/+ a'+6?--?.
s&(("&> )&>. e.,i"$&
e.,i"$& 7?-
(("&&i 6i$9 4+ e"- o$:((;)s -599
s6"+ i/(;+ 6;)&&i* ',i1*s
su..i&>& &A4? u(("&>

+*?s

-604

-1780

e$+ i+6i/ >i&H+ I,+i' 99i$,"+.

iiN+ .i/iN+ &((iN+ I,+iiN+


i'9,$ "+ i*
A'
 .&- *,'&. a', e**",99iN+ i,1A'
 . .i96?. i,1
A&'
 &iN+ *,'& u(;. i* i,1'. o;*, o&>+ i,1'
i*, .i/i9 o;*, ii9 i*, I,+ii9 i*, &(&-i9
i* e$ *,'&.
,--9e+"$ i'9,$i+ 6$, ,".&, /i., a+&'. "&
A&'
 &&'-L+ i,1 A&'
 &'L+ e99"/. i,1 A&'
 &iN+ i*+
o&>++ G&i i/('L + e99"/. ie+
/,%& e-**"+
i,",i9 *,i%&-i* G%&"% & >9ii e:&i$9$.
ae "i a&,*i* O/i+:
s u-i+ &((i+ ui/i+ e$?
>-i+ 6i/+i >.i, i s -4615(10374615(1037-38)
www.vallalar.org

74

e$ i/(; a1&-. .i,i"&i i'9,$ (ae "i G(,/)


>,"&i
,6?
,--9e+"$?
u--iN+,
ui/iN+
&(&-iN+,
I,+iiN+ 6i/+i"& i,,i/(; a1&-i* ,--9e+"$ 7:&i$9"/.
>-+ - e699i - I,+i.
i,,'& a,%&H&>,
+6i/+ i+6i/i* u--?.

a&&i/&%&H&>

G"/+

"$9e"

i?+ 6"?+ e$9$ .i/?+


i,i " /"/$ 66i
&i', ,"+ e+&" 1,"+
,ii',
,ii', ,"+ ,i-+e,"( ("  -1596
e$? i+6i/+. ii+6i/+ +9&"1 ia" ,/i&H+ o
a,%&'-& 7:&i$9$,$ 9"? i?+ 6"?+ e$9$ .i/?+
i,i "/"/$ 66i e$&i9"/ i)*/. 6"+ - &(.
u--+, ui/, &(, I,+i - i66"$&i?+ i,- 6i/+i'
,--*"/ 79 i+ &( .i/+ G&i )$9i?+ i'9,$ "+ i'
i)*/ 7:&i9"/. u--+ ui/ .i/+ I,+i G&i i%&-i* i,-
i* 6i/+I* * W*&-i9 &"(&&i?. &(&-i* i* 6i/+I* a/i
,4&>. ,--*"/i$ i..$+"/&&

a,i$ u('+ i+6i/"*
u:i;'*& &"(&i 9"+.

o(+"9: - o/i,/
 '$ a1"+ G(,+
u* e"- G,i&'- +"99i&e&"--*

e$ u* e"- G,i' 6A e;?& e&"(; u$ u* e"-


G,i' e$&&-i" e$ ,--9e+"$ i'9,'$ ,(;&i$9"/.
1" i$i?/+ 1"/ .
e**"+ "?+i6 6A/
 
 i e"Be$
u*ui/"ie**"+6A e;?& e&"(;$
u*ui/"i e**"+ u,6e$& & a-i"
,N:.i9 9+*  ,"4,"e$ &(-
+(i e$ >+(i  +"(i&& +(i 
6$.i&" +(i e$ 6,+(i  "$
www.vallalar.org

75

6$+(i  e"$+(i  6/" +(i 


a-i" e$ ,(1 ";+ "* i?. i?
,i6? ";+ "*&H+ * u--$.

-3802

"$ 9 a-i?,i"$ e$:

se$ui+ e$uN+ e$e"H+ " $


i'.6?e&"; i,"%&i i$i$ +&i46 
$ui+ $uN+ $e"H+ e$& &
6?&*6(?) e'$I(/6
 $ie K /s
-4149
se$'$L+ e$e"'-L+ e$G,i'L+
"$e&"(1% e&$"* a$"*
$'$L+$ e"'-L+$ G,i'L+
&-i-i '*,$ $'$s -4672
se$uN+ e$e"H+ e$ui+ "$e&"("$
$uN+ $e"H+ $ui+ - e$$i 
6"$...............s
-5522
s6 &+ e$&&-i"/ +aH+ e"H+
+'+L+i% e&$&&-i"/...................
e$ &+ ai9
ai9I>6"/e$u-  i6"/
e$ui/i* &*66 i'9,/...........s -5704

i1 "*&- i,",i* i$+ 9* u(;. i'9,+


,--*"+ + u* e"- G,i&'- +"99i& e&"( a,'
i"*&- 7:&i$9$.
+"(i&&,".&+ i,".&i* i1 O/ a,'& 7:&i9"/.
6?u$ $'$& e&"(?e$ $'$.
.%&/" G/e&" *" .?//?
a6+o$: i**" G$6+ e9 9$
"?6Ae99? o$: e$"*?
.i6'  &"i* e&"( e+e+"$
ie6 ?'9u'9 .i, $
e6'  r." u*i+ e&"("
"$i9> i*$O/ '&++" 9
www.vallalar.org

76

-i,".&+ 395
a$ 9 e$$ G,iL+
uN+ u''+ e**"+
>$ 9 a'$" e$'$ G
e&"( "  e&"(1'* "?
i$ 9"/ i'b: e$& >( "?
e( "- &&( e++" $
6$ 9 e.," i'4 e.,"
6" $" i9> 6"& + -i,".&+ 500
+"(i&&,".&+ i'9,+ u* e"- G,i&'- +"99i&
a,' i i,".& "*&- i/(;+ 7:&i$9$.

e&"(

+ * e;?& &"1 i," "&& -";+. i,".& "*


i/( ";+ ./?
 oi;& &"( ,(1 "&&- i+6i/i* i/(;
u--$.
u*e"- G,i u&"* e&"(;
 &'& ',?
/,i'$ 999 "/?
e6"1i$ a1',? p(((/ ,"&&i&
&1 i99& &"1$$ 66i 

-1778

e1 e%>+ i99i i/i ,'$


i$
o1 ?--+/ +"e.*"+ ,"%&ii$
e"&& +"9i$$ $'$L+ e$'$L+
,+ e"? ,"(i+ ,"
 
-1781

u* e"- G,i

u&"* e&"(;

- e$ u* e"- G,i G&i


)$'9L+
- u&+ - 6A/ 6A/ ,"/?
 &
e&";&& e9:("'/ ,"/?
 &
e&";&&e9:)

/,i'$ 999

- 6?--,i'$9: a9

"/?


- i&&(("* 6"&&i i


6"&& e.? 6$A'
 .
www.vallalar.org

77

e.? .KA'
 . e.?
'&',?

- '* +A? '&',? /i.A'


 .
e.? a+& '. "&
A'
 . e.?. a+(u9X+)
'&. +X&+ - '*. > $
'&'. .A$ '*+A? ',?.
e.L+ a +& '. "&
A'
 . e.?

e6"1i$ a1',?

- u $ e6"1 e"Bi* e$


1 +* $ i,1' ',?
i,1A'
 . e.?

p((/,"&&i

- e$ u(/', p((/,"&


G&&i

&1 i99

- e$ i9'& &16? a?


a:,9>

&"1$$ 66i 

- 66i &"1$"$

u&"* e&";* "'/ ,"/?


 & e&";* "'/,"/?
 &
e&";? ,i"* i$/i'+ i*'*. su* e"- G,iL+ u$& & i$
&$ i$9i& e&";$$s (3742) e$ ,--9e+"+ i,"
"e*"$9i9 7:&i9"/.
se$? & K6/'L+ "& K6/'L+ A, K6/'L+
,/A/ i, & ./, K6/+"&& e&";?,i $.............i$i i &
&i$i?+ A, $i?+
"& e"-&-i$i?+
,/A/ i,-
.".i"& e$&> e,,i?+ " "/ K6/+
"99+""?.
,/A/
i, K6/' e$$i  ',-i +/(+ i(i )I + ?$+
*i a,'& e-*&*
 ",9'9L+ ,i/?

i &'  6ii
&+"&&i e&&"*?+ a4i"
/i$ .ii e,"4,i* e$'$
,"4,i* ,(;+s
-.+/. K .$+"/&&
 .%& .i ,i((+
e$: u'/6' ,i((iN+

,(;&i9"/.
www.vallalar.org

78

i$i,
, ,"+.

i+6i/i*

+e*;?&

&"1

i/(",?

"N&>

e1 e%>+ i99i i/i ,'$


e"1 ?--+/ +"e.*"+ ,"%&ii$
e"&& +"9i$$ $'$L+ e$'$L+
,+ e"? ,"(i+ ,"
 
-1781

e1? e%>+ i99i i/i ,'$ e; - e"


e1? - e"79i
e"79i e%>+ i99i i/iL+ e$'$
e"1? u-a+/ +"K e*"+ ,"%&i i$ o; - iK
o1? - iK 1, iK

"&&i, (o' a1?)

u--+/ - u- - i&>+


+"K - aB&>
+"e.*"+ ,"%&i - aB&'&e**"+ 6A&&
 i
+"e.*"+ ,"%&i i$ - aB&'&e**"+ 6A&&
 i i$I
e"&& +"9i$$ $'$L+ e$'$L+ ; - /"K;, ?'*;
o&& - i/(; ;&H+ oi&&, .+6i'*i* 6i9& +"9i$$ +"99i$$.

e$'$L+ $'$L+

- e$'$L+ $'$L+ o,&


e&",/ +"99i$"$. e$'$
"$"& +"99i$"$. $'$
6"$"& +"99i$"$. 6"$ a,$"&,
www.vallalar.org

79

a,$ 6"$"& +"99i$"$ 6"$


G $$. a,$ 6"$ G $$.
,+?o?

,+

o?

- o?

,"(i+ ,"
 

- 6$9"& ,"(i+ ((+"9:


,"(i+) Gi9: 6$9"& i.i$X
(Business) Gi9:.

,".i, 6"( +"9:*i$ &4i,


&4i (+, &+iM$
(commission)
"i9:.

o 1* i)*/
+9e9" 1* .i,e+"$
;&- i/(;+ o?6i$9$.
(e"&&+"9i$$)
o1* +"(i&&,".&/
+9e9" 1* .i,e+"$
;&- i/(;+ o?6i$9$
(e"&& +"9i$$)
o 1* ,--*"/
+9e9" 1* ae "i
G(,/
;&- i/(;+ o?6i$9$
(e"&& +"9i$$)
(+"99iN+ /i,/
 '$iN+ +iI o e"-&'-"$ +"99i&
e&"-- iN+.
,i**%&+ u-- o e."'L+ ,i**%&+ i**" o e."'L+
/i,/
 '$ e.? e&"-- i*"?.
6+&> e'$ " ,i**%&%&-. i'9,&> o ,i**%&+
i*'*. 6"+ i'9,+ u*e"- G,i&'- +"99i&e&"-H* e1?
G(,+, &$++, +"' *i ,i**%&%&'-, 6'/, i'/, )I i(i
."&&";
"$9 ,i**%&%&'- 6i,/
 i e.? e&"(; ./,,i**%&
www.vallalar.org

80

Ki"& i6"*, ,i**%&+99 i'9,+ 6"+ u* e"- G,i&'-


(+"9:, /i,/
 '$ e.? e&"--*"+.
i/i,/
 '$i* s"/e&" *" .?//s? "/ ."+/
 i ."*i? e$:
,i6? ,i$,i$"/ +"(i&&,".&/. s,+? o?, ,"(i+ ,"
 ?s e$:
,i6? Oi$"/ i)*/.
a1,+ G(,+ u* e"- G,i&'- +"99i& e&"-,'
K &/(%&- .i,&/(%&-"*, K&/(+ .i,&/(+"&i ahi e$: '.,
.i"6+ 7:+. '., .i"6+ a/ii97:+ a'$ e-i,"&
e-ii97:&i9"/ ,--*"/.
,--*"&> $
+"(i&&,".&/ 79i$"/.
i)*/.

i'$ "L+"$,/ 79i$"/. a,&> $


a,&> $ i'$ $ *i9 79i,/

e"$+I
K &+, i/(,
,--*"/ 7:&i9"/.
K &+
i/(, &+
"$ &+

&+, "$ &+ e$ ),'&

& .ii&'-

- o-i u+I -e"$+I


- o*i u+I
- aH+I

si9* ,1,+ $$i"% e&?:+


ai9* e$&&- ae "is

-4615 (237(237-38)

sa4i" ,1,+ a', )$:+ e9 9$s -5513


sK ,1+ K&,1,"+ O%&"/
&"/
6i ,1+ 6i'96 "%> - .ie+ O/
"$ ,1+ i% & 6"$ e9 9$..........s -5513
se"$ ,1+ +6i/+"+ ,1+ ,"$ ,1+
e&";e$&> +(i1L+ o1s
-4150
si'/6? e6&i46

"N+I+
e.B+e"$ u+" i&46  $s

-5482
www.vallalar.org

81

se"$
se"$,1,+ "%&i $$ .i+""$s

-4832

s0$ u+  o-i u+" O%&i6i9&s

-4823

s."&"+* O%>+ o-i ,1,+ e9 9$s

-4745

e$$ K i/(, "$


"*&-.

& .ii&'- e99'& 7:+ ia"

u+' e"$$"&>+ &'*' i+6i/ "e*"$:+ a4&"&


aB6 i+"&& 7:&i9?.
e-i ,"?e. ,/e%&- r.'$
o-i' u--i u> +$/"
e-i Oi. .i," 6+e,$+
>-i'& i; e"$$"&>,$ 7' 

-2709

e$? o$"+ 6i/+ o&>+ ."&&/+ e$+ ai&"/i$ *


+6i/+.
s.i,"6+ e$+ >-i'&' i; e"$$"&>,$ i&7' s
e$&i9"/ i)*/. 7; - u+I.
.i," 6+ e$+ >-i'&' i;. e.+' e"$$"&&*"+.
.i,"6+ e$. e.+I e"$$"i;+ e$? i+6i/+ (903).
e.+I e"$$"* "?,"+
u+I e"$$"*

- ,&/,i' (,&/+ - %&+)

&,"+ - &/,i' (&/+ - u+I)

,&/,i', &/,i'&'- ,--*"+ u .%&-i9 >9ii;&i9"/.


,&/,i' =+.ii, &/,i'
&.ii.
&.ii' e:,9&"& ,,
&'
e"$$"&>,9&"& ,
.i/&-
e.+'
e"$$"&&i
/A.
 i"/.

+/(+i*" e,"4

www.vallalar.org

82

,--*"/
$$i9>+.

e$9" *

A,&"(+

+/(+i*"

e,"4+

"$

.$+"/&&
 i$ 1 ."&"i * ."&", $ .$+"/&&
 i e$&i9"/
,--*"/ - u .+.
e$+"/&&
 + i9," .$+"/&&
 +

- 4960

e$+"/&&
 + i9e"4i&>+ .$+"/&&
 + -5601
i',

"$9 ,/i&- i,",i* W9:&&(&&i* u(;.

,--*"&> +/(+i*'* a,/? h u* i(+"& ,i4,i*'*.


+((i* .+"i ',&&,i*'*. e6i* e/i&&,i*'*. u+ " 
.iie99,/ ,--*"/.
+/(+i*" e,"4 e99 ,--*"/ u*& +&&- a'$,'/L+
s+/(+i*" e,"4,i* ,"46
 i*"+ &(/s e$ a'97,i a'4&&i9"/.
(5576)
i,",i* G9"6i'9i*
e,"4 ;;+.

e"

ie+**"+

+/(+i*"

i)*/ i+6i/iN+ +/(+i*" e,"4',& 7:+i%&- *


u(;.
s799$ ,%&"* >i&&*"+ G +s
s79'9 u'&>+ >9i? ," +s
s &?& e&$:+ .i',i*'* " +s
s&"*$ ,"/'
  &$",iN+ i*'* s
s0$9i i&& u+ 4i" s
si9&&+ ,("+ i&&N +" +s
s.",?+
s.",?+ i*'* . &"1 b $s
s."N+ ,("+ .+"i '&71$"*s

-172
-571
-581
-622
-728
-801
-803
-1633

e$$ .i*,">+.
.$+"/&&
 i$
1,"&i
+/(+i*"
i+6i/i* G(i/+"& ,i-%>&i9?.

e,"4,i$

www.vallalar.org

u('+

83

&/h
 / &.ii
i'9,$ i +$i &/h
 /+(+ &+4,? e$&i9"/ ,--*"/.
s&9h/ ,".+ ,AK+ e"9"+ i& s

-2979

s&(&-i&& I'&.i9i?+ &""  I,&


&'*6; , ,i-%>&i$9 &9h/,i-& &s
s&9h/

"i +6? - K%


&(,/ +(+ a?e,$ 9$...........s

s&9h/+ +(&&i$9 e$+I B?+


&(,/i +$ii * &*6+(+ a?"$s

-4108

-4220

-5723

&' "$9 u+I, K "$9 u+I. &9h/+ "$9 u+I e$


u+i* )$: ,'& &>, 6i'*&- u(;. .""/( +$i/&-i$ u+I
&'
"$9?.
"&i&-i$ u+I K
"$9?. "$i&-i$ u+I
&/h
 / &>,+ ,"6
 ?.
+/&&'i* A)1$"* +/&&' e/i6? &/i&&' eK+.
e/i&&
&'i$
a-&>
a$
&/i&&'
(&/i&&1&-,
&/i?(;&-) eK&i9?. +$ >'9L+. e' >'9L+. i? "*
+/&&'
"$9 u+I&- i(+"&iB+. +(& &" e6I& &"
i'/">+. .""/( +&&- i1& &'' ,i;,i;,/.
.i* A1$"* K e,6? ."+*">+. .i9i? &/i.."+ *
eK+. +/&&'i$ &/i "* ai&+"& i/"?. ++ e'L+ +i&&
>'9L+. K
"$9 i/(",? ,'& u+I&H+ i% & ,iB,$ ,.
Gi+
+ &+
i$$
&"*i*
i$$
ii*
,iB+
e$:
a9i6i&&&7;+. "+ ,i+i &"*i* ,i+i ii*
&'
,i+ 7;+. "&i&-i$ &%&- i1',.
&9h/i* A)1$"* e?+ e."?. eK,? o$:+i*'*.
&/h
 /i9> A ) ,(;+ e$?7 i*'*. &"9: '," *
&'/6? ">+. i? "9 &/h
 / &>,+ ,"6
 u+I&- &'/6? ">+.
i(+"& ,iB6? +(& &" e6I& &" i/"&". i'$ i)*/

a4i&i$9 ."" I'$ "*&


&4i&i$9 6A/i9 >+i4i'& &"(i*
eB&i$9 Ai* &/h
 /' o&&
e"4i&i$9 i,*
* "+a / 

-2587
www.vallalar.org

84

e$&i9"/. "L+"$,+
.i 6i,i&9+ ./6
 "/ u* A+
', &/h
 /+ "* ,%>+ /"/ +
e$&i9"/. i)*/
i*'*"!

$e+"4i,'

"L+"$,/

-245
,4ie+"4i,?

,--*"/ &9h/
& .ii e99,/. i&&9h/
u('+&> G"/+"& i&4,? +9&"1 i+6i/+.

"$:

&.iii$

a&', $$i/(;+
eBi/(;+ (,? 1212-72)
,--9e+"$
o-i
( "i)
,4i"19&"&
,f/i*
.i"$.''& &1$"/.
a$
,4i"19&"&
,>
,iii*
"$.'&>-
(ie.
I> ,"/
$$i/(;
12
,i9>
.i:,/&-"&,",? eBi/(; (72) ,i9> +9 e/i,/&-"&,",?
i&&
,(;+ e$: ,?>i ,ii"/. +9:+ .i* oB&&
>i&'-L+ ,ii"/.
12-72 e$: ,? ,/+I ,ii&&& &"/(+ e$$e,$: e+? i-'+i*
* &"*+ G/"6 "+. 6A(

G&>i$ i:ii* o i+6i/+
"*"* 12-72 e$$ ,i-&&+ &i'?. a,,'+ i+6i/+ i?"$:
' i96? 6W: 6"-i$i*
i? "$i'* = + ='4&"-
? "/+(+ $$i/( "(1$i*
e& eBi9 &9i A /.
-i+6i/+
i/+ 163

(' - u+I - 6W: 6"- - ?+"+. "/+(+ - u*&


,".'$)
' i96?

?+"i* ui /"; 71


u+I i96?.

www.vallalar.org

85

i?"$ i'*
= +

'&'- 9',&-
i;,? "$: i,+"&i
'' e?+ ("+)
i,i*'*.

='4&-

a9i,"* ='4& -.

? "/+(+
$$i/("(1$i*

$$i/("+ G(1*
"/+(+ - u*& ,".'$ ?
- e"%&i9:.

e&? eBi*

eB"+ G(1* 6A%&


 i9:.

$u*& ,".'$ 12- i* ?. 70-i* e&?. $$i/("+ ,i*


e"%&i9: eB"+ ,i* 6A%&
 i9:.
$$i/(; G(19> u,/&- u*& ,".'$' a9i",/&-.
eB? (eBi/(;) G(19>
+9,/&- u*& ,".'$&>/i
,'& &6,/&-. u*& ,".'$ (&"+ i.'.)&>/i ,+
,/",/& -" a**? a,'& &6,/& -""$ "$.' (i&>
uI>* ,(;+ e$? ,--9e+"$ &? e$ e-i,"i9:.
u*& ,".'$ e&;+,+ eB? e$: i)*/ 79, ,--*"/
eBi/(; e$: e."*, $ e$'L+ .i6i&& ,(;+. ,--*"/
e'L+ pi+"&& 7:,/. ' i96? 6W: 6"-i$i* (10
+"i*) e$: i)*/ o &/

&"*'& >9i&&i9"/. G$"*
,--9e+"$ + &/
 ,". &"*'& 7:+ '9 +i&+ ,iI&>/i?.
e&&"*+"&i
i9'&
i$&
& -!
6'
e$,$?
K&&i*'i$&( "$ ,6'+6 &(e"? e"%&i, " e$"-?
."$i 'i$&( e.$9'6 &( "i9> $ &(e"? ,'/L+"&
e$$"* o,": a-,i o &"1 o$? *? a:i$"i/+
&(e"? /i6+......................." e$,-? ."$i 'i$&( "$
,6'+6 &(e"? e"%&i i,*&i*
"$9i &( "i9>
$&( "?
,'/L+"&
e$$"*
o,":
a-,i
G: &"1
6"9e;
*%
&(e"?
/i6+..............
e$:
+
&/

,".&"*'& >9ii;&i9"/.
6'i$ &,i* "$ i6 i/(; +"' 1,09,60,000 (o
&"1 o$? *? a:"i/+) &( "? e$:+ "i$ &/
 i* "$
i6 ? +"' 6,48,00,000 (G:
&"1 6"9e; *.+)
www.vallalar.org

86

&( "?
e$:+
,--9e+"$
p+"&
&(&&i;'/? +i&+ a'+";'">+.

(+i&

?**i+"&)&

i,,": pi+"& e'$L+ &(&&i;+ ,--9e+"$ i)*/


eB? e$& 79i', eBi/(; e$& &(&&i;&i9"/ e$: e&"--*"+.
eBi/(;, $$i/(1$ +%&"& (6X12=72) i'& &"(*"+.
+&&> ,? 100 e$? e"?. 120 e$: o (.i9I&) &(&>+ u(;.
120-i* "i 60 a'/ GL- 5X12=60 +(i,i4"& &"*+. 6X12=72 u*&
,".'$ 6A%>
 + &"*+. 10X12=120 B'+ 6i'9 GL-. i1L+ &*"+.
70- i* u*& ,".'$ e&;&i9? e$9 e"?,"$ e&"-'&i$
a1'i*"$
70G+
G(;
6i'9',
A+/
."6i
e$&
e&"(";&i$9$/ "N+. 70 - G+ A+/ ."6i e$9 ',i& +/' *+
a9i,/. 70- i* u*& ,".'$ 6A%>
 &i9? e$9 ?, u('+' e'$
/ a9i,/? ,--9e+"$ a'$L+ p+"&& &(&&i; 72 e$:
e&"(; 12 ,?&>- 72 ,?&> +* e$9 ,/+' "$.' (i&>
,iii&&i9"/.
,--9e+"$
,i-%>&i9$ 9"?!.

7:+

i?,

u('+

i+6i/"*

a$$""$+ - +" &K,/h'.


,--*"/ e$9" * *i* 6i'$ e&"-,? a$$"$+, '., u(.
a$$"$' 99i a4&"& ";&i9"/ i)*/.
G/&>
 + i;+i$
G/&>
 + i;+i$ a,/i,/ e$$$+i$
"/
 i6 ?(+i$ 4+e"- "99$+i$
,'& u'A/ ,i'/6e"*'* u(($+i$
&"&'& &'/6?(% &"*+ a9i+i $

-250

i+6i/i* * 6i/i* "$..i9I e$9 ai&"/i* i,e,"


+6i/ + u--?. o "* o ai&"/+"& a'+6?--?.

G/&>
 + i;+i$

"&>+ e&";%&- e**"&>+


e&";%&-
www.vallalar.org

87

a,/ i,/ e$$$+i$

e/i6,/ e/i",/ 4&i,/


4&",/ ,(1,/ ,(",/
i$$ ."i/ i$$ +"/ e$:
"/"A/&
 -.

"/
 i6? u(+i$

4+e"-

"/",? ,/+""/&-" e$:


ei/"/
 i6? a,/& -"16?
u(%&- a,/&H&> a-i?
u(%&-.
u(; e.i

"99$+i$

e"-&'- 4 .": 4%&9i,


a1 ,'-&> G>+ e$:
+&e&$ "99i. .+i&&"A/&
 -.

,'& u'A/

G'. u',/&-"

,i'/6? o*'*
u(($+i$

a,./ a,./+"&
u(("A/&
 -. (a,./ a,./+"&
a--i a'?& e&"--"A/&
 -.
6i"$+"& u(%&-.)

&"&'& &'/6?(+
&"*+ a9i+i $

&"&'& &'/6? i$'.


./?
 &e&"(; u(&i9?
e$' a9iL%&-.

&"&'& &/," &'/6?(+ G&


G&&+
a$$6A /"/& & u-i&>9- 527

e$&i9"/ i,-H,/. &"&'&&- i'/ &( "? &/,"? (+'9"?)


&'/6? (i$' a'4?) i$ "; ./6?
 u(+. G&&+ a1
,/&H& & u(; e$&i9"/ ,-H,/.
s&"&+ u9 &*6?((& &(/s e$:
I.i9>. e.&"'/. ./ a'4&&i9"/ "L+"$,/.

.i, "&e,--'

&"&'&
&'/6?(+
&"*+
a9i+i $
e$&i9"/
i%>&&"*+ e$i* o p. e.i a%&iL--?.

i)*/.

www.vallalar.org

88

&"&'& &'/6?(+
$i?(+ &"*+ u(;.

&"*+

u(;.

&'/"?

(&/6?)

" $

u(9>$ &"&'&&>.
.": ',? '4'+"$ ,4&&+.
,A;
 &7'/i$ +A " 6/i$ +A " 99i *" &"&'&&>. .": ',/.
."e9;&& ,&i$9 &"&%&- s&"s s&"s e$: &'/6? +99 &"&%&'-L+
a'4? i$ "; 7+"& u(+. i? &"&+ &'/6?(% &"*+.
O
,A;

,"i*i*
.i:
>46'
o$:
'&i*
,''
',?&e&"(;
i$$
e"%>&i9?.
a?
i$$
e"%>$
e%&i6 " . /e*$ o / "..*" a+I "* 96? ,6 &"&+
>46'i$ '&i*i6? ,'' e,;&e&$: i;%&i. e.$:,i?.
,'' a*&"* 99i&e&"(; +/&&i'-i* a+/6

&"&+ i "?
&'/"?, i$' a'4&&"?. " $ $i"& ,'' i$: A/
 ?
 ,i;+.
=$ &'/,i*'*. i? i;,'. a$"* i$' a'4&&"+* i;
$+"& " $ i$: A/
 ?
 ,i;&i9?. i? &"&'& &'/"+* u(+
&"*+.
,A;
 & 7'/i* >;+"/ i .": (&"&'& *i) u/i i'/,
a$"* &i/%&+"& i$' a'4? &/,"+* &'/6? u(&i9?.
u/i e."?
i;. e."?
s&"&'& &'/6?(%
e"$i&&i9?.

&"*+

- * /";+ 71 u(?.
- " $ $i? u(?.
a9i+i $s

e$i*

i1

o

&?+

",/&>
 + G+
G+
",/&>

",/&&

",/&>

",/&>


+"+i'9 ,9e&" ..i'*


+"+K &e&" ,"L'9
+"+u(+ "e" '&i1
+"+i9/& &i$'/" $

-i+6i/+ 252

i'9,&> o ..i'*' &i--i ""* a$ *$ ",&>+


G>+. K&> o," u( e&";"* a$ I((i+ ",/&>
 + G>+.
6"+ u(+
"? i9&> o'&i1 ,4%&i$"* aI((i+
",&>+ G>+. i9&> o i$'/ u'/"* a? ",&>+ G>+.
6"- ":+ a**? ,'- ":+ .'+&& u'*',&>+ "? o i1
a/i.i e;? ',i6? a'$.
./? a$$"$i9> ,4%>+ i1
a/i.ii+ s",/&>
 + G+ u(+ "? o'&i1s e$+ i)*/
i,"&&i* a%&ii&&i9?.
www.vallalar.org

89

u(+ "?
",/&>
 + G>+.

o

i1

.":.

u'* 9:+ "?

oi1

a/i.i

+";% &"iN+ 6+";% &"iN+


+"&
6+"&
6+"&
+"&

&"i*
&"i*
&"i*
&"i*

&,9e&"$ 9Ai*
6+/&&
 % &"&"
6+/&e
 &"$ 9Ai*
&,9& " +

-i+6i/+ 1857

s+"& &"i*s, s6+"& &"i*s e$9> s+";% &"i*s


6+";% &"i*s e$9 " %&- i$6"- ii* a1&>9i"&&
&"e9:--$. s+"s s6+"s e$iN+ s+";+s 6+";+s e$ 
e-ii* ,i-%&& 71"& u--?.
+"&
&"i* (+";% &"i*) - .ii/+. i'/..A'*i*
eBe99 .ii/+ G;+ &"i*. i'9,$ eB6-iL-- &9 &"i*.
6+"& &"i* (6+";% &"i*) - a%>+ i%>+ 66? i/iL+
(6+";+) +"$i& &"i*. ui/& &"i*.
a1"/&'-"$
6+"&
&"i*
6+";% &"i*
e$:
>9ii;&i9"/. &*,i9i,i9 .i96 a9i/&'- 6+";+ *&'*&&4&+ e$:
i$: e."*N&i 9"+$ 9"? a1"$ a$9i e,"B&&%&-i9 .i96
a1"/&'- 6+";% &"i* e$&i9"/ i)*/.
+";% &"i*

+";% &"i*i* u--

&,9>

i'9,&>

o$:ri*

o$'9&e&";"*

6+";% &"i*

6+";% &"i*"&i

6+/&>


a1"/&H&>

a%>G&"

a?G&"?

6+";% &"i*"&i

a1"/&H&>

6+";+
6+/&>


&"i*

www.vallalar.org

90

o$:ri*

o$'9&e&";"*

&9 &"i*i* u--

&,/&>


i'9,&>

a? G +

a? G>+.

+";+

&"i*

G(,&>& e&";? a1"/&H&> G&"?;


".
G$"* a1"/&H&>& e&"; " G(,&>& e&";">+;
.+.

./"?.
".

G(,&>. e. 6i ,$+ G(,& &"$; G(,&>


+; +"$. G$"* a,$ a1"/&H&>. e. 6i ,$+, a1"/&H&>
+;+$:, a1"/&-)*+"& G(,&>+ G>+, e.$: .+.
G(,&>. e.? a1"/&H&>. e."&"?. a1"/&H&>.
e.? G(,&>. e.">+. i&&"* e+"4ii* e."*,"$"*
+&&H&>. e.? + &.&>. e.">+. s+&&- e"(  + &.$
e"(;s e$ + &.$ o,$ i'  6+", oI& e&"--"
6"i&/&H+ ,"
 '9 G/&&
 i9"/&-**,"?
&'- rX,/$ e$: ,4%>+ '.,+ a,$ a1"/&'- +" &X,//
(+&"
rX,//)
e$:
,4%>&i9?.
G(,&>
+&"
a'e+"4i
e&";&&,i*'*. a,$ e,:+ rX,/$. G$"* a,$ a1"/& +&"rX,//&-. +&" e$9 a'e+"4i' e:&i9"/&-. a,/&H&>
a$$+i;,? +" &X,/h' e$: e."**e:&i9?.

='4&H&> a$$+-i? a$$"$+ .""/(+"&, e"?,"&,


*&>+
i;,?
a$$+"*iI
a1"/&H&>+
?9,i&H&>+
a$$+'I +" &X,/h'.
a$$"$+, a$$+"*iI, +" &X,/h' e$9 e/&'- i,,":
,i-%&i& e&"-,(;+. i)*/ i+6i/i* .i,h', >h',
+" &X,/h' e$: )$: h'&'- )$: ai&"/i9 7:&i9"/.
i,99i9> 6/ +"9"$, .i,6i6', >6i6', +" &X,/ 6i6' G&i
)$: 6i6' )$: ai&"/%&-i9 7:&i9"/. 6i'&'- ,i/&&

,(;+.
h.'$&'-. e. ,(;+.
+" &X,/h'
ai&"/i*
i$+
.i*
+6i/%&-i*
+" &X,/h'.i$ .i9' pi+"& ,*iL:i& 7:&i9"/.
www.vallalar.org

91

(: .i6'  "$/ "+&i46( ?)


u(? )$: I,$+ u(?
e&"(? )$: I,$+ e&"(? e$(:)
e(1'.66i e;
 '/ " $.
-1858
e;?

(: .i6'

a1"/&-

"+ +&i46?
 u(?

a1"/&- +&i46?
 u(?.

)$: I,$+

)$: u*&%&H+

u(?

u(? "*

e&"(?

a1"/&- =9:&e&"(?

)$: I,$+

)$: u*&%&H+

" "$/

e&"(?

e&"(?

"*

e$: e(i'.

e$: e;i'.&>+

66i e;?'/" $

6"&$"&i 66i e;?&


79i$"/, u .i"/.

a1"/&- u(? )$: u*&+ u(?!


a1"/&- e&"(? )$: u*&+ e&"(?!
u(? e&"(? e$ i/('& 7:&i9"/
u(? u( e$i* \i9> i+i*'*
e&"(? "?? u' e$ u?
 (/&
a1"/&H&> u(,-i "; u'L+ a-i&& ,(;+.

i$:+ +" &X,/ h'. >h'&-i* a1"/&H&> u( u' G&i


i/(;+ a-i&&e9: ,,'& &"(*"+.
a1"/&H&> a-i? )*>&>+ a-i? e$: 79i i)*/
a;
+6i/i*,
+)/
 i&H&>+
a-i?.
) ,B
'*'9
$ $"/&>
 + a-i? e$&i9"/.
www.vallalar.org

92

+"i/ o$9i$i* +$$i a+/6?


 '9
G& &A6
 a+e" -"$?
)/
 i&- ),/&>
 + ) ,4 >/,/&>
 +
A/
 
 + "+a? /6?
 e&"-A /

-1859

e$&i9"/.
GL/+ a&&i/&"/%&- a'+? a6(/&H&> a,9'9 "$+"&&
e&";"N+, Gi/+
&"i*&- &1& >+"i &+ e.? 1"N+,
"$i o,&> &* o ,'- u( '&>+ *i9> a',
6i&/"&"? e$&i9"/. 6i&/"&"? e$: e."$$ "; 6i9&,i*'*. s6i&/i'*
e$? 6i..6" $s e$: 6i..;i& 7:&i9"/.
a&/+ Gi/+ a6(/& &Ai*e$
.i&/+ Gi/+ e.? 1&&i*e$
& "$i &f( *i9>
6i&/i'* e$? 6i..6 " $

-1860

a&/+ - a&&i/&"/+. .i&/+ - &"i*. a&&i/&"/+ a'+?& e&";"N+


&"i* &1& >+"i &+ e.,?+ (a&&i/&"/ i/i', G*+
i/i') e+ I((i%&- e$/. Gi/+ a&&i/&"/%&- &1
I((i+ Gi/+ &"i*&- &1 I((i+ o "$i&> o ,'u( '&>+ I((ii9> 6i&/"&"? e$&i9"/ i)*/. s&f(
*i9>s e$9i* *+ - I((i *+. I((i' *+ e$&i9"/.
&f( (&N() e$: &'* =$ e."$$"e/$9"* "$i&- &* o
,'-  u(/. i/,i* u(("/. i/("& e&"--"/. &* o
,'-L(+ u..i
"i *  e&"-,/. su..i+
""& i.'.
i1?(;s e$: i)* / e."*&i9"/. (1885) ".$,ii e$+ ai&"/?
+6i/i*.
i?,'/ 79i', a'$i9>+ .i&/+"& o$'9& 7:&i9"/.
,i/"+(/ o
&"1
&> u(,-i',i, i6A: a(i6
.i,$1"/ o,&> o i1 u(,i 6i'$? e/i I((i+ e$&i9"/.
u(,i;,? e$: e."**,i*'* u(,i 6i'$? e$: e."*N&i9"/.
G9i;+ ,-,i a+'9 W*,/
79i;+ a6(/ &"1 / u(i*
6A9i;+ e"(/ 6i'$,i9 $i'*
e9$i* O/i1 9? ,"> +

-1861

www.vallalar.org

93

sa6(/
&"1 / u(i* 6A9i;+ e"(/ 6i'$,i$ $i'*s
e$' +A(;
 + +A(;
 + &?&! a6(/ &"1 '/ u(i? 6A9i;+
e"(/ o,'/ u(i9>. .++"&"?.
sG9i;+
,-,i a+'9 W*,/ 79i;+ a6(/s e$9?
,
i/"+('/
s6A9i;+
e"(/s
e$9?
.i,$1"'/,
i..i,$1"/
i/"+(/**""/, e.."i"/"&+i&&*"+ e$? &?. a6(/&>

a$$"$+ e.,  I((i+ e$9i6? a6&&"*+. a&&"*i*
i)*/ i'$ ";&i9"/. i/"+( "$i9 e&$ 9 a$$."i/%&-
&e99$. a&&"*i* a'$ +:?, a1"/&H- "i ,ii".+
"/" ! a$$"$i* "i ,ii".+ "/"  e$&i9"/ i)*/. sG/&>
 +
i;+i$ a,/ i,/ e$$$+i$s (250) e$9?+ i?"$.

+";% &"i* 6+";% &"i* (i&-i* ,--*"/


+";% &"i* 6+";% &"i* G&i i/(19> + ,--*"/ (i
e.i&&i9"/.
6+";% &"i*

.i +.."'*

6+/ (i

a'$,/&>
 + a$$+-i?

+";% &"i*
&,/ (i

.i"$.' "i ,4i";, "i /i.$+

6+";% &"i* 6+/ (i'"$ *i* e"%&i$"/. i$$/"$


+";% &"i* &,/ (i'. e."/.
+";% &"i* &,'/
e$? ,--*"/ &?.

6+";% &"i*

6+/&-i*

&"( ,(;+

6+";% &"i*
6+/
.i,$1"/&-
e$?
4+e"-,
.i9Ie"-. +&&- e**"+, e**" ui/&H+ e$? ,--*"/
&i9&i'6 I?e"-, e"?e"-.

I*"* +:*
i,-H,/, i&>9-i* I*"* +:* e$e9" ai&"/'.
e.i' "$ 9 i)*+ +? i+6i/i* I*"* +:* e$:
www.vallalar.org

94

o ai&"/'. e.i&&i9"/. i/(  i/(; +6i/%&-"$ e$9"N+


aB6i+"&
a'+6?--$.
I*"*
+:* e$ 
'*"&
a'+6?--?.
i&>9H&>+ i+6i/i9>+ o9:'+&- * u--$. >9
&?&-, >9e"/&- * i+6i/i9 &"(e:&i$9$. i)*/
i&>9'$ 6$> a9i6i&&i9"/. 6$> $;i& e&"(1&&i9"/. +
&?&&- .i* *,99i9> i&>9'- a/("&& e&"(1&&i9"/.
e"**" I*"'* p&+ I'*'/
e**"% &"( i+$$ i?,/
e.**"& 99i A," 6/&i*
+**"&& --i +9i? '," /.

-i+6i/+ 199

I*"'* e"**"? e$&i9"/. e"**" I*"* e$&i9"/. I*"'*


p&/,/&'- I'*/ e$&i9"/. I*"'* p&+ I'*/&'- e+i/&-
e**"%&"(,
e.**"&
99i&e&"(;
","/&-"+.
e/i6/&i*
+**"&& --i +A-1"+* +9i?',"/&-"+. I*"* u( "/
6/&i9>
","/&-. a,/&'- e+i/&- e**"%&"( 99i&
e&"(; ","/&-. i9I *,'&. a,9:- /i"+"$ o,'& e**"%
&"( i9?. */ &"( i9?. e**"%&"( i9?. */ &"(
i9? e**"&>+ 6/,i*'*. .i*&> 6/&i9?. ."'* ,ii* i9I
6/&i9?. *+ (e**"+) /i"+"&& &"(&i9"/&-. 6** ." a$:
I((i.." a$:. i1 /i" +/(%&- I*"N( "/&>

6/*"+.
I*"N(+ e**"&> +
6+ e$i*'*. I*"N(% e&"1/
e**"+ &(; /i" i9/ e$? &"&& e&"-&. e**"%
&"( e$9> i1L+ o e"- .i6i&&*"+. i$i, a; +6i/+.
e&"'*
e&"'*  &-&- &"+& e"79*
+'*,"$ "&+"+ a',6A&&
 i
'*"+ .i,$1 ."/6 i$+ ."/6 "/&>

i'*"+, i', "$"$6? i *.

-200

e&"'*, &-, &-, &"++, e" G&i .+""&%&- 7"? e$:


&(1? i++6i/+. e&"'*'. ."/6? I'*. e&"'* I'* e$:
o$9"&& 7:,? e,4&>. .+""%&- \6i* e&"'* I'* i/(;+
ui /"; .+6',. ui'/ e;',. ui'/& e&";',. 6++"*
ui'/& e&";&& 1"?. e&;&&"+*",? e;&&"+*",? i&&*"+$ 9"!

.+"i ,9I:*
www.vallalar.org

95

i96,/&'-
I'&& ,(;+,
e/i&&&
7"?
e$?
,--9e+"$i$ &(1"$ &'-. i'$ i,",i* .+"i
,9I:* e$9 '*i9 &"(*"+. u .%&-iN+ i&%&-iN+
&"(*"+. I*"* +:*, .+"i ,9I:* G&i i/(1N+ ,--*"/ +i&+
&(1"& i&&i9"/. .+""$i9> i + ',&&,i*'*. &(1I
e$9"* &(1I"$. i(' e/i? e&"'* e$&i9"/. a6 a-&>
e/i'*& &(1&&i9"/. .$+"/&&

u*&i* K;&";&> i+i*'*
i;&";&> +; + i(;.
i)*+ + i+6i/i* s.+"i& &i/i's e$e9" ai&"/ +
"1L--"/. i$)$: +6i/%&-. "$i&- i96"* a,/&-? u'*
e/i&&&7"?, .+"i e. ,(;+ e$: .i* "*&-. ,9I:?&i$9$.
e1. .+"i ',&& ,(;+ e$: .+"i& &i/i''. .i* "*&-
,i,/i&&i$9$.
,--*"/? .+"i ,9I:N&>+ i)*/i$ .+"i& &i/i'&>+ o /
o ,:";. Gi+ &&i ,:";. i96 e**"'/L + I'&& ,(;+
e/i&&&7"? e$&i9"/ ,--*"/. i96 "$i/&'- (?9,i&'-)
I'&& ,(;+ e/i&&&7"? e$&i9"/ i)*/. i96"'/99i, e"?
+&&'-99i. e."**,i*'*.
a6+i* "$i$ G&+Ai$i*
e,6i1* 6"e*"+ e,+I+ Ai$i*
e6"6? 6"6/i p&/i$ p(e.
,6?6" 6/i&>( ,"&>+ ',& + -1910
"$ii$ u* Ai*
e,6", 6"  Ai* e,+I+; e,6? ">+. 6" 6/i
u("* "/ ,6? 6"; (6";+&&-) 6"6/i&> u(,",/.
e((i*" "$i u* e/i",i1*
a((*+ &"i* a4*i "%e&&>+
+((i* +'4,i4" ',&+ .+"+
e(( +$$/ i4/ a/ .
-1911
"$ii$ u* e/i&&;,? &"i* e/i&&;,' o&>+. h+ii* +'4
,i4"?. u*&i* .+ u(">+. +$$/&- a/'. i4/.
I((i +"+a,/ +'+ I'?
6((i a$* &"&&i* 6"1* a4i,">+
+((i* a4ii* a*%&"/ %&+"+
+(* e&**"+ +%>+ a$* +(1 

-1912

www.vallalar.org

96

a,/&'- I'? I((i+ e/i"* 6"1* a4i =9;+. ./i"&.


.+"i e."+*
+((i*
a4i,i"* 6"1* e"*i
>$:+.
+(*e&**"+ a$* +(1 +%>+.
"$ii$ u+' e/i"* a?
&"i'* e/i? "* e$&i9"/
i)*/. 6"1* A ,i?&- =9;+, +'4 e"?, "/,+, .+
u(">+, +$$/&- G.i' i4/ e$&i9"/. e/i"* u(">+
u9"%&- e'$ e'$? I'? I((i+ e$&i9"/.

i)*/ +/I
i)*/ - e+-$> - "L+"$,/ - ,--*"/
i+6i/+, "L+"$,/ "*, i," - i+)$'9L+ '9"&
6$&"/"6
 "*, i)*/ - e+-$> - "L+"$,/ - ,--*"/ e$: o
+/I('+ e-i,"& e-i&i9?.
"L+"$,/ ,"&&i* i)*/ s.&&/,/
 i ,/". "&is "L+"$,/
"*, e66"&((i, a1"/ ,(&&i*.
s.&&/,/
 i ,/". "&i e+
+i&& i)*$ a- +6"- e66" -"s
-8
e$: "L+"$,/ i)*/i$ a'-

,(;&i9"/.

"L+"$,/i$ > i)*/ +/i* ,+ e+-$>. a,' ++


e+-$ ++ e$9 e$ i..i/"--i +'*& &"i* ,"i*i* i$:+
u--?. 9&"*i$ $i o ++"& i6 a? i$$"-i* +I/
GA$'. ./6
 ?, i "? +I/ Gi$i$ GH'&i* u--?.
"L+"$,/
"L+"$,/ + >',,
s+6/ > , "& 6/ > , )*$
+/i* ,e+-$ > ,s
e$: "/";&i9"/. "L+"$,/ "* e+-$ > ,(&&+ ? "*&H+
i'$  +>+"& u'$. i)*/ $*i* +i4i* +6i/
6i/%&'- a-i,/. a,/? +/i* ,+ e+-$>+ +6i/>,
6i/>.

www.vallalar.org

97

"L+"$,/ ,"6 .i"6 .+/.% &(,/. s.(+ X"$+


,"6 .i"6 .+/. 6i/,"& 6i'*L+s e$: i$e$" "*i* (3)
"L+"$,/ >9ii;&i9"/. s.(+ X"$+s e$: "L+"$,/ 7:,i*
M(+%&- ',/,+, ,"++, &"-"&+, +",i/+. "K+, '.,+ e$+
G: .+%&-"+. .%&/ ,"6i&- M(++"&& e&"-H+ &"("i+,
e&-+"/+, e.-/+, ."&+, ',(,+, '.,+ G&i G: +%&H+$: e$:
a9i ,(;+. a;? s ,"6 .i"6 .+/. 6i/,"& 6i'*s e$:
>9ii;&i9"/. i"N&> a; "*i$ i'$  s ,"6 .i"6
.+/. .i,"hi e$: >9ii;&i9"/.
i)*+ a,/? +/i* ,+ e+-$ >+ ,"6 .i"6 .+/.
6i/,"&i 6i'* &(,/&-, ,"6 .i"6 .+/. .i,"hi e99,/&-.
"L+"$,+ a,," 9 ,"6 .i"6 .+/. "$i" ,i-%>&i9"/.
i)*+
"L+"$,+
,"6
.i"6
.+/.%&"(,
"L+"$,&> i$,+ ,--*"/ M"6 .+/.+ (G96 .+/.+)
&"(&i9"/.
"L+"$, /
+:i9i*
,--*"/.
,--*"/
9i9i*
"L+"$,/ e$e9" e&"-'& u(;. i&e&"-'&L',/ ,((../+
("(i K,"+i&-. "L+"$,&> a? i:ii9$:, "L+"$,&>
+:i9I e$,/ ,--*"/. ,--*"/ 9i9i* "L+"$, / e$:
,((..// ,--*"/i+ 79i "? ,--*"/ 9:+ =9&"+N+ 9:+
+:&&"+N+ a&&+"& a9> i "? e$$? e$? "* +Bi,i"/.
e+"$i$ e6$'+, a&& oB&&+.
i)*/
a,/ +/i* ,+ e+-$>
"L+"$,/
a, / +:i9i* ,--*"/ - e$9 +/I
6$9"& , i&&i9?.
e+-$>,i$ ,/*": ai&+ e/i,i*'*. e+-$> W* e?+
e."& e/i,i*'*. "L+"$, / ,--*"/ e$' 6+i+ 6+I&.
6+"e"4ii+ o4i&! ,/*": +i>iL+ ,i-%&", W* e.",
e+-$>', ,i;? ,i1+ i)*/, "L+"$,/, ,--*"/ e$ o +/'&
e&"--*"+.
i+),/ ,/*"9'9L+ i+6i/+ "L+"$,/ "* i,"
i+)$'9L+ "L+"$,/ "* i," i+)$'9L+ 6$&"/" ,"/,
i)*/ - "L+"$,/ - ,--*"/ e$: o +/I('+' e-i,"&
u(/*"+.

&"*6 ":+ i+6i/+


www.vallalar.org

98

i+6i/ iI ,/*":


(.i* >9iI&-)
,--9e+"$ &"*i* i+6i/+ a.K&> ,/,i*'*. e+"$
=;.K,1&-"& , i+6i/' "/
 i&&i9"/.

)*iI&- - i.,i.&. iI - (1909)

i.,i.&. ,i$ i-'+& &"*i* a,/"* "/',i e99 i+6i/


)*i e"$: 1909 - i* e,-i"i9:. a "? a,&> ,? 26.
a "? a,/ (&i'/ ,9 i-'-i$ +"(, 6i'*i *  e"/6?

i6?,6) ',i&'.,/; i$$"'- .A/i. '.,/**/. a6 G(1 *
"$ a,/ &i'/ ,9 i-'-i$ ,/*"9'9 eBii6"/. a? a,/ $
*i* eBi W*. e/iI/"(i9> o u'/ eBi& e&"(16"/.
a? 1910 - i* e,-i"i9:. a$ i/("+ iI 1934 - i*
e,-i"i9:. i/(; iI&H&>+ +i>6 ,:";(;. 9ii$ "?
(1910) a,/ ',i& '.,/. i/("+ ii$ "? (1934) .A/
 i. '.,/.
a9 &9 i/("+ iI a'+6?.
i.,i.&. ii,9:- + * 79i i+6i/ iI "$. a,/
$ *i9 ii?. a$ iI'/ a,' a($"/ i.,i.
u*&6"
*i"/
eBi?.
a'$
i$:
1"*
1 "/
ai/..
 i',/.
a66"'-
'.,
u*&i$ 6i'*'
a?&";&i9?.
a'$,+ a9i ,(1 aiI'/i$ o >i' a1  &i 9"+.
.9>"* .+ ,i . 6i,"( A&'
 &&- e9: .+"
"&%&'-& &$,i+ +96? e." .i, 6/& - ii+6i/'
"9>
ai&"/i&-",/.
ii'9i$
u('+
e"-
,e+"4i&&'*&'-L+. e$e+"4i& &'*&'-L+ u--%'& e6**i&&$i
"N(/6?
 . "&""$ *i '&,/ e9: i, &('
/"L-- .i,"$i&-? p((9i,i9 &i$? I*cu+ e$&;
* i,,9>+ '/ ,'/ $: a/6
 "/ .i*/ *&i$9"/
.i*/. a,'/ e,-i,/i$, aq? a9i/&-"* e--;e+$? i((+.
a,'/".i/i/ e"6 i'9&>. e.6+i4 I*'+L .i9i?+
6i/+e9" .i*
"*iI*,/&- u'/eBi i/
 ' L(/6
 i*/
"N+.

www.vallalar.org

99

&'*I*'+ +"i/+ 6i/+ e99


e+"N+ ,i-%&" e$? e,--i'+'*.

(1

.i /"+(i&H&>

i?'(. .i9'+6 ii+6i/' *i/i &H&&i(%&


i,"~/ -,i-&*i"(K6/ *i"/,/&'-& e&"(; "/',i;,i?+,
'- i/i?+, e+? l"* Ki/+(i &$ .'1,/&- ,i'46 1
.i* a+"&&'- 6.i/ I--i&-i; ,i-%&. e.?+ e,-ii$+.
6',L- ,* 6,+e":&&.

i%%$+
i,"~/ -,i.u*&6"$
,+?'/+?'/-.?'/."+i
l"*Ki/+(i &$ .'
i/" ',e.$'$.
iI'/i$ a1&>9i' 99i ai&+ ,i-&&
'., a9i*&i$ 6i'* a?.

,(1i*'*. a&&"*.

&i' ,'/ i.,i.&. ,i$ i, - 1909 i  4+i"&


e/i&i9?. i+6i/i9 & i? "$ * a.K i", a**?
i9>$ a.KiI u(" e$? e/i,i*'*.
.+" iI (1933)
1933-i* '., .i"6 +&" .+"+ )*iI o$'9 e,-ii?.
(.+"+ i "? e+$9+ e$: e/ +"99e9: ,i-%>&i9?).
a66"-i* .+" iI&H&> +iI +i>i. a'+"$ iI&-. $$i
i'9&'-L+, i$"$> ."i/%&'-L+. .%& i*&&i%&'-L+,
.A,&.i6"+(i'L+ iI&'4L+ e.+iI&-"& G iI&-"&
e,-ii e'+ .+"?&> u(;. a/i G&>9iI&-, $i$
i'(I&- .+" iI&-i$ $i..i9I. i+6i/ iI a,," 9.
=9"4
i$"i/+
" %&-
&"e9:--$.
i$
,6
iI&H&e&**"+ .+"i  G"/+. e+$9+ +: iI&'e,-ii; ,&i9?.

&".i++ iI (1956)

www.vallalar.org

100

i$6"-
&".i+?
iI+
)*i .
.+"i'
a1e"99i . i$: &i'&>+ iI&H- &".i+? i  .i96
iI. +:iI&- e"/6?
 &i'&&i$9$.
u'/iI&- &i*".i/ u'/
i,'/ =9"4 iW: ,?&> 9"& i&&*"+.
i,",;?'9 GA$e,-iA"& 1954-i* e,-i,6?. &$$1 i +$i
&+-i.
.'&
&i*"
.i/
e$?
i,'/".i/i/
e/.
&$$1i +$i - &$$6"; +i4/. &+-i..' >-i/6""*i$
&+-i..' a(i,/ &i*".i/ - i)*+ &i*"? o .i/.
i,+ e/"* &i*" .i/ - i)*/i$ /iN-- 99"* ie/
e&"("/ "N+. i,'/ 113 "*&H&> +; + u--?.
+". ,.,iK,6" i-'- >9iI'/ (1912)
i,/? 0/ i*%'& +",iI/+ (+"',). i,/ i/+../i ,i/i$/.
i,/? >9iI'/ i+6i/+ B'+&>+ u--?. 6** e/iI&+. a4&"$
a.K. "&/.,i.,i./+( ."Xi/i&-i$ ,i/i,"$ G $'/. ."Xi/i&-
a66"-i* .i96 G,"-/, e.$'$ *&'*& &4&i* "&/ +
e99,/. +i4 G%&i*+ ,e+"4i G&i )$9iN+ I*'+ e99,/.
i+6i/ iI&-i* iiI+ .i96e" G"/iI.
i+6i/ 100 ";&>'/ (1913)
.9/
/".Ki/+(i&&,i/"/"*
eB;,
.%&i$ e.6+i4 i/K/+"& 1913-i* e,-i,6?.

+?'/

+i4.

?1'.&i4"/ >9iI'/ (1942)


?1'.&i4"/ a..i+/$"/ +i4, '.,+ G&i i/(1N+ .i96
G,"-/. i,/? >9iI'/L$ 71 )*iI '., .i"6 W9iI&
&4& e,-iA"& 1942-i* e,-i,6?. i)*/i$ ,/*"9'9 ,i/i,"& i,/
G6?
 --"/.
.i/"+6"i-'- u'/ (1957)
'.,
.i"6
W9iI&
&4&
e,-iA;.
i/(;
>i&-,
i,'/' $i +i4 u'/ e$*"+. &4&iI e$9>/i .i9I$
a'+6?.
("(i .i&/ u'/ (1958)
www.vallalar.org

101

."&&/ A+ e$9 e$ >i>i"&, *>i&-"&,


G(; ":+ i+6i/ +"6"1* i,",;?'9 GA$"* e,-ii
e99?.
.i&/ &"*i *  6i'9 e9" >i' GA$I*,/.
...+A$".i K6/+i-'- 6i'9e."/.
,//".i-'- u'/ (1971)
i..i/"--i *"*>1 (i,?'9) i9 i96? ,"46

i,/
i..i/"--i +", +i& 7;9 ,%&ii$ e.*/"& (i"99i
O e99"/. (ii* i&>+ &"*i *  i&>9 (i'
e"%&i$"/. si,-H,/s e$e9" i'4 6i$"/. i&>9-,
i+6i/+, i,".&+ G&i )$:&> + i,/ u'/ eBi .i9I',/,
i,/? i+6i/ u'/ )$: >i&-"& e,-i,6? (1971;19721974).
9iI&'- i, / e."6 e,-iA"& e,-ii"/. i..i/"--i
"i i/i(/.i* a..i e99?. e+ i-'+& &"*i*i6 
i-'-,/&'- 6"+ a9i ,"+.
"i i/i(/X e+? i,"
iI&'-L+, W*&'-L+ a..i;+ a..&+. a9i*& e"/ "; a..&
e"/I+ e%&- i,&>+ u(;. i,/? i&>9-, i,".&, i+6i/
u'/&'- 4$i" i//X (i..i/"--i) e"/6?

e,-ii;
,&i9"/&-. 6$> e**"/&>
 + I/iL+": e-i,"$ o u'/ ,(;+ e$:
&"/&>
 6"+ a,/? u'/' /i6?'/?(;.
a('+i* s'., ee,-ii* &"*+s e$9 .i96 G W'*
eBi e,-ii '., a9i/ h+I&"/ +'*b/ i/".i/" .&/$ a,/&-
i,' i&>+"// G,"/.
a'( ,1 ,* *i"/ u'/ (1974)
+i&,i/i,"$ u'/. )$: >i&-"& 1974; 1984;1995 - G+ G(;&-i*
+I/ GA$ e,-iA"& e,-i,6?. .i96 u'/.
i,",;?'9
i,",;?'9 GA$e,-iA; i+6i/& &;'/ W*&-
si+6i/& &;'/s e$: o ,/i'. W*&'- * >i&-"&
i,",;?'9 GA$+ G(; ":+ i+6i/ +"6"1* e,-ii?.
u'/"&
i**"+*
"N+
&;'/L+"&
a'+6
i$
G.i/i/. .G.l6i,"X"."/i/ +i&. .i96 a9i/. p+"& eB?&i9"/.
i,&> i$ .i* >i&- i9/"* eB e99$. i&&;'/ W*&-
+i&+ --',.

i,",;?'9 GA$e,-iA;

www.vallalar.org

102

&&i+"$ .i* $i W*&-


i+6i/+ .i, "&>i (1955), i+6i/+ .i, "& .i6'$
(1956), i+6i/+ ',i >i (1957) i+6i/& &? (1964) e$9
W*&'- i,",;?'9 GA$+ e,-ii?. .i, "& >iL+, .i, "&
.i6'$L+ +i& a/i W*&-, .i96 W*&-. i,99i$ i".i/i/
...+A$".i K6/+ i-'-,/&'- 6"+
6/i* a9i ,"+. ...+i(+A) e$
a$/&- a,'/ a$"&+ +/i"'"&+ ,4%>,/.
i+6i/ +"6";&-
i,",;?'9 GA$+ 1954 * G(; ":+ i+6i/ +"6"'
+i&..i9I$ 6i ,6?. i? +"6";&- ,'/ 66$. .i96
a9i/&- */ &*6? e&"($/. +"6"; +*/&H+ W*&H+ *
e,-i,6$.
i'.
//.i "&/
.*+. eX.e*K+i a+'+"/ i)*/
i+6i/ i+$9+ e$e9" a'+' =9;i 1969 * G(; ":+
i+6i/ +"6"' 6i ,&i9"/. .&iM($. \.=.eX (O);
&.6".*/"+$, eX.i"&/"$, i.r., .+6$, &.eX. +6>+"/ *i
a$/&-
a,,'+i*
&&i
i+
e9:
+"6"'.
.i9"&
6?&i$9$/.
e+"4ie/I
 &- G%&i* e+"4ie/I

i+6i/+ ". 6/".$ a,/&-i$ G%&i* e+"4ie/
 i$ o >i
1958 - i* i$6"- &".i+? e,-iA"& e,-i,6?. B,?
i/"+&iM(+? e,-iA"& 1991 - i* ae.*,/ "&/
i.6".+&"*i%&+
a,/&-i$
e"H,i"*
e,-ii
e99?.
i/"+&iM( +? e,-iA"$ i? u*& B,?+ i$: /,iL--?.
i6i e+"4ie/I
 (1998)
G%&i* e+"4ie/'
 & e&"(; i6i e+"4ie/I

o$:
ae.*,/ "&/ 6".+&"*i%&+ a,/&-i$ G/,"* e**i /".i/i/
"&/./,A6
 i/>+"/ ./ (G/. &. .) a,/&-"* e.; 1998 - i*
e,-ii e99?. e,-iA;
 ,i4" e**ii* >1/K ?'('*,/i$
+"-i'&i* ./X,i ,$ a/%&i* .i9"& 6i&46
 ?.

www.vallalar.org

103

i66"-i* i+6i/+
i+6i/+ /,i,+ ,/*":
i+6i/+ i$: a9i/&- 6i'*i*i6? .""/( 1"-i&-
e"? +&&- 6i'*&>& 7 ,6?--?.
.i* G(;&H&> $ /""iL+
."+
./6?

&*&ii*
i+6i/& &;'/&'- e"/6?

eBi$"/&-. e"?+&&-i$ &,$+
r/&&
  e99?. i+6i/' 99i */ .+ eB+ e"%&i$/.
a('+&&"* e,-iA;&-"$ W*&- .i*,9'9& >9ii; ,"+.
/".i/i/ .i,*i%&$"/i$ )*$ +i4 e$+ W* ,A/'.,
/$/"&i G.i,".&$"/i$ a- - K/ i& e,-iA"& 1995-i*
e,-i,6?.
a1&-".i/i/i$ iW*&- i)*+
'/L+, (+&","&&i
G/"..i). i+6i/ u(/ 1998; 2001 G+ G(;&-i* e,-i,6$.
G.i/i/i$ +&$"+ a(("+'* *&'*& &4& /".i/i+"$ '$,/
a..i,e+"$ i,,iW'*L+ ii? e,-ii;--"/. a1&-".i/i/i$
aB+"$ '., 9:, .i,e+"$ e$: + +&&> e/i.
e.i&&i9?. .i96 ,A/'., a9i/&-"&i .i,*i%&$"+ a1&-".i/i+
i)*/ ,A/'.,/ e$+ &i$/. ,A/'.,/ *&>+ i? , &?.
&"', r..6"/ii* &9&+ &'* a9i,i* &*f/i' 6i:,i 6?+
'., e+ (i"-/ i.i/".,.6>+"/ i.i., + &*f/ii$ ."/i*
$$ii'9 G'+'L+ 6i:,i 6?&i9"/. .i96 * (i&'-.
e.? ,+ i,," '++ se$'$ 6$9"& i'9,$ '$$
i+6i/+ +i4 u'/6's e$e9" eW'* 2001-i* e,-ii;--?.
i+6i/i$ ai&"/ e/&'- '*"&& e&"(; a9i/ *'/&
&;'/ eB& &;e99"/ e">? e,-ii;-- i(i, i&&"*i*
*&>+ i+6i/i$ +A? o ,'& G/,+ e&i ,,'& &";&i9?.
e"4i* '9 W* e,-iA
 "-/&- i+6i/i$ &&+ &,$+
e.N e"%&i$"/, ,/
 +"$$ i&+ ,i?,"$ e+.6"/"(
,Ni-'-'& e&"(; K&&+"& u'/eB. e.? i+6i/+
)*+ e-i'/L+ e$: )$: >i&-"& e,-ii? (1994).
+i46";
a/.i$
'*'+.
e.*"-/"&
,i-%&i
i.1.,i.e,%&/"+$ i+6i/i* e/i?+ r;"; e&"(,/"&i a,
www.vallalar.org

104

u'/ e$: o u'/'  eBi, "/ii& e,-iA"& a? e,-i,6?.


(1996).
e.6+i4
,-,i.
.?//
i..e.
.i ,*
&$"/
i+6i/i* +i&+ r;"; e&"(;
.iL+ eBiL+ ,&i9"/.
G(;&e&" '9 >i >i"& 9 9"* e., "; i+6i/+
.+6+"$ W*&'-L+ e,-ii;&i9"/. i+6i/. .i6'$&-. i+6i/+ O/ a9i&+ ("i/+) e$9 a,/? i/(; W*&H+ '9  u+" i&+,
&'*$ i&+ e,-iA;&-"& 2000; 2002 - G+ G(;&-i*
e,-i,6?--$.
a('+i* 6i&46?
 -- i+6i/ e+ (i&- i/('& 79i
i>i' 6i'9 e. ,"+.
1. i+6i/+ )*" GiI
2. i+6i/6i9&"+ '., .+& &'*.e."* ,i-&&+

i+6i/+ - )*" GiI


i".i/i/ "&/.K.a(("+'* 6"$> G(;&- a/ii$ $:
i+)*" Gi' u,"&&iL--"/. )*'. .6ii/i?+ .6i
i/i&&"+N+ a;;?& e&";i?+ +6i/%&- a'$?&> + &?
eBii?+
>9iI
eBii?+
G,"-/&>
 +,
.""/(
a9i'"/&>
 +, +i&+ $;,">+. +?'/ &"+/"./ *&'*&&4&i$
G/$ e. e99 ie+ (i, &",if/ GA$&/
 / l6"..i
"$ .i& K,"+i&- a,/&-i$ i6i ("; - G/"..
 i 6i:,$i$
(&*" &/" ."'*, i,"$+ib/ e.$'$) e,-iA"& a('+i* 1997 i* )$: >i&-"& e,-i,6?--?. +i&e/i (i. i".i/i/
K.a(("+'* a,/&'-L+, K,"+i&'-L+ e,,- "/"1$"N+ >+.
i?,'/ i+6i/' ii?-- i".i/i/&- a'$,-H+
i,/ o, / ,--*"'/L+ a,/? .$+"/&&
 'L+ a9i6,/. i+6i/
G&> +i49i, '., a9i +;+ ""? ?, a9i .i+"/&&

a9i ,--*"/i$ .$+"/&&
 a9i G&i$+ i&& ,(;+. +99,9 9";
,--*"'/ 99iL+ ii".i/i/ 6$&9i6,/. i,/? "&/ 
G , ,--*"'/ 99i? "$. a? "/i ,i" ,$ e,-iA"&
e,-i,6?. a(("+'*"/i$ )*" GiI a9i*&i9> o
e&"'.

i+6i/i9&"+ '., .+&


www.vallalar.org

105

&'*.e."* ,i-&&+
a(("+'*"/i$ e&"'&> a; i/(",? e&"'"$ i?
."n/ +i4 *&'*& &4&i$ e&"'. 2002 - i* e,-i,6
i&&'*.e."*
,i-&&
W*i$
G.i/i/
i.a.+"./i+(+
a,/&-
a('+i* a+//"&i,i"/ e$? ,6&&?. 6A(
 &"*
','
6i'9 e.L+ i6W* ,%&"*i* i+6i/ u'/"-/ *'/, G,"-/
*'/ u,"&>+. .i96 i6 6** (i&&"& '. +i4 *&'*&
&4&' "/"1 6$9i 79 ,(;+.
)*" G ii$ G&&+; &'*.e."* ,i-&&i$ G&&+ G&i
i/(; + *&'*& &4&%&-i$ (i&-. *&'*& &4&+ "$9',"*
"$ i'& e+ (i&'-. e. iN+; +N+ * e. ,(;+.

i$i. e. ,(1 i+6i/ (i&-

i$i.e. ,(1 i+6i/ (i&- * u-. a,9: .i*,9'9


+;+ i% & >9ii; ,"+.

1. i&>9- G'++,
.&&i4"/ G'++
"$: i)*/
G'++ a**? i+6i/ G'++ o$: ,(;+.
2. &+$ G,%&*, "/i"/ G,%&* *i$ "$: i)*/
G,%&* a**? i+6i/ G,%&* (o ii*i "&i/"i
Bibliography) u,"& ,(;+.
3. i)*/ i+6i/+ .+6+"$ W*&- e,-iA;&- a'$'L+
e">? i+6i/ W*&+ e$: i+6i/i9> +;+ o $i
W*&+ a'+&& ,(;+. ,--*"/ &+/ .&&i4"/ "$9"/&>
 +
i1 a'+&& ,(;+.

4. e."* a', e"- a', &'*. e."* ,i-&&+ *i *


a%&%&H$ e/i a-,i* i)*/ &'*&&-.i+ a**?
i+6i/& &'*&&-.i+ o$: u,"&& ,(;+.
www.vallalar.org

106

a&"+i+ ii*i "&i/"i, e$ '.& -"A1"


,'*&-i* i$i& &,$ e.N ,(;+.

i1

e/i

i&>9- i+6i/+ i,".&+ i+)$'9L+ i/"$, i/+"(


W*&-"&&
e&"(;
,--*"/
$ +"/&&
 'L+
i,"',L+
G&&i-ii&&i9"/"*i$
i$i
i&>9-
i+6i/
i,".&
G,"-/&- i"-/&- ,--*"/ &( ("i* &"( ,(;+.

ae "i ae "i


$ie%&'( ae "i


www.vallalar.org

107

Você também pode gostar