Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
FIMBRIAS PELOS (P I LI )
Apndices filamentosos rectos y rgidos, ms cortos y finos que los
flagelos.
Median la unin de bacterias Gram negativas (saprfitas, comensales
y patgenas) a superficies, aunque recientemente se ha reportado su
presencia tambin en Gram positivos.
Fueron descritas por Duguid et al. in 1955
Localizacin en la clula
FIMBRIAS
Microvellosidades intestinales
cubiertas con bacterias adheridas
por Fimbrias
FIMBRIAS
De 4 a 7 nm de
dimetro
Repartidas en
toda la
superficie.
Permiten la
adhesin y con
ello la
formacin de
microcolonias
en superficies
vivas e inertes
Las bacterias emplean a las fimbrias para adherirse a las superficies vivas e
inertes y formar microcolonias
FIMBRIAS
FIMBRIAS
La funcin de adhesina reside en una protena especial en la punta
que acta como lectina (capaz de unirse con residuos de CHO)
Estn codificadas en el cromosoma
Presentan fenmenos de variacin de fase: de fenotipo Fim+
Fim- (evitan fagocitosis)
Fenmenos de variacin antignica (evasin del sistema
inmune, incluyendo anticuerpos)
FIMBRIAS
Las fimbrias son utilizadas por E.coli EPEC y EHEC para unirse a la
membrana citoplsmica de las clulas epiteliales del husped (A),
translocarle protenas y posteriormente interactuar a travs de la intimina
que posee en su membrana externa (D) y Tir. La interaccin entre
Intimina y Tir permite la reorganizacin tanto de los microfilamentos como
de los filamentos intermedios (E) del citoesqueleto para acunar a la
bacteria y formar el pedestal (C) .
PILI
Estructura cilndrica y hueca, por arreglo y empaquetamiento de
subunidades proticas llamadas pilinas
La mayora acta como lectinas, uniendose a carbohidratos
presentes en glicoprotenas o glicolpidos en la superficie celular del
hospedador
La unin puede ser por pilina que interactua directamente o por
protenas especializadas en el extremo o a lo largo de la superficie
de la fimbria.
Por bacteria pueden ser uno, cientos o miles. Frecuentemente
periplsmicos.
Figure 5 | Proposed model for pilus-mediated streptococcal adherence to cell surfaces. a | Free-floating
bacteria initiate attachment to host cells by extending their pili towards the apical surface of host cells. This
mechanism might involve a tip protein (red). b | Intimate attachment is a secondary process, in which
ancillary pilus proteins (green) might be involved in the zipper-like adhesion of pili to host cells, decreasing
the distance between the bacterial and host-cell surfaces. c | This intimate attachment leads to colonization
of the apical surface of the host cell, a process that is mediated by the expression of high-affinity surface
adhesins (blue). In addition, pilus-mediated bacterial aggregation assists the formation of a microbial
community in the infected tissue. Colonization as a result of a wide variety of host and pathogen factors,
together with increased bacterial-cell density, can lead to an increased innate immune response and
inflammation
Telford et al. Nature Reviews Microbiology 4, 509519 (July 2006) | doi:10.1038/nrmicro1443
El transporte de
las protenas
utilizadas para
el ensamblaje
del Pili es el
Sistema de
Secrecin tipo
II
Microbiol. Mol.
Biol.
Rev.September
2013 vol. 77 no.
3323-341
Key components in the Gram-negative T4P and T2S systems and the Gram-positive T4P system and their localization
in the bacterial envelope. The descriptive name for each component is shown for the Gram-negative T4P system, and
common names for each component are listed for all three systems. The inner membrane core protein (IMCP), the
assembly ATPase, inner membrane accessory proteins (not shown), and possibly the retraction ATPase form the inner
membrane pilus assembly platform. The cylinder surrounding the pilus in the Gram-positive T4P illustration represents a
hypothetical protein channel, through which the pilus extends and retracts, transiting the peptidoglycan layer. IM, inner
membrane; OM, outer membrane.
PILI Tipo 1
Presentes en cepas de E.
coli y miembros de la familia
Enterobacteriaceae.
Factor de virulencia en
cistitis causada por E. coli.
Se encuentran codificados
en el cluster Fim (FimAFimH)
PILI rizados
Clin. Microbiol.
Rev. October 2013 vol.
26 no. 4 822-8801
October 2013
Adherence patterns of enteric E. coli. Pathogenic E. coli requires adherence to the host epithelium. Enteropathogenic E. coli
(EPEC) (represented in yellow) and LEE-positive Shiga toxin-producing E.coli (STEC) (represented in pink) are extracellular
pathogens that attach to the intestinal epithelium and efface microvilli, forming characteristic A/E lesions. Due to the
presence of bundle-forming pili, EPEC is capable of forming microcolonies, resulting in a localized adherence (LA)
pattern. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) (represented in orange) uses colonization factors (CFs) for attachment to host
intestinal cells. Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) (represented in green) forms biofilms on the intestinal mucosa, and
bacteria adhere to each other as well as to the cell surface to form an aggregative adherence pattern (AA) known as
stacked brick. Diffusely adherent E. coli (DAEC) (represented in blue) is dispersed over the surfaces of intestinal cells,
resulting in a diffuse adherence (DA) pattern. Adherent invasive E. coli (AIEC) (represented in purple) colonizes the
intestinal mucosae of patients with Crohn's disease and is capable of invading epithelial cells as well as replicating
within macrophages. AIEC uses type I pili to adhere to intestinal cells and long polar fimbriae that contribute to
invasion. Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)/Shigella (represented in red) are intracellular pathogens that penetrate the intestinal
epithelium through M cells to gain access to the submucosa. EIEC/Shigella escape submucosal macrophages by induction
of macrophage cell death followed by basolateral invasion of colonocytes and lateral spread.
PILI tipo IV
PILI tipo IV
PILI
Tipo IV
Movilidad por
contraccin
Fig. 1.Visualizing the T4PM in intact M. xanthus cells. (A) A frozen-hydrated M. xanthus cell on an EM grid. (B) Slice through
tomogramof the cell pole.White arrows, piliated T4PM basal bodies; black arrow, an empty T4PM basal body. Outer and inner
membranes (OM and IM) are indicated. (C and D) Examples of slices through subtomograms containing piliated and empty
T4PM basal body structures, espectively. Red asterisks denote periplasmic and cytoplasmic dendensity layers. (E and H)
Schematic envelopes of the subtomogram averages of wild-type piliated (E) and DpilB empty (H) T4PM basal bodies, showing
their molecular dimensions. (Fand G) Slices through subtomogram averages of wildtype piliated (F) and DpilB empty (G)
T4PM basal bodies, with annotations of structural features. Scale bars, 500 nm (A), 50 nm (B), 5 nm [(C) and (D)], 10 nm [(F)
and (G)].
Architecture of the type IVa pilus machine
Yi-Wei Chang et. al. Science 351, (2016);
Twitching motility
Los pilis tipo IV estn
involucradas en un tipo de
movilidad llamado Twitching,
que ocurre en superficies slidas
a travs de una rpida y
reversible extensin y retraccin
del pili.
Twitching motility
(videos)
PILI Sexuales
Ms largos y gruesos (10 nm)
que las fimbrias adhesivas
En menor nmero (de 1 a 10)
Funcin: permitir los contactos
celulares iniciales en la
conjugacin
Sus genes son de codificacin
plasmdica
Dos principales tipos de pelos
sexuales:
Pelos de tipo F (ej.: del
plsmido F de E. coli)
Pelos de tipo I
Algunos de ellos son usados
por ciertos fagos como
receptores
Prstecas
Hyphomonas
Prstecas reproductivas
Tallos o pednculos
Tallos de Planctomyces
Formacin de rosetas de
varios individuos a travs
de los discos adhesivos
en el extremo de los
tallos
Gallionella
Hyphomicrobium
Tallos de Planctomyces