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Gene to Protein, part 1

14-10-14 4:21

Gene to Protein, part 1


Due: 3:00pm on Monday, September 29, 2014
You will receive no credit for items you complete after the assignment is due. Grading Policy

Chapter 16 Blue Thread Question 1

Part A

Mutant N. crassa cells that cannot make arginine on their own must be supplied with arginine to grow. For the
metabolic pathway shown in Figure 16.1, if a mutant lacked enzyme 2, would it still be able to grow if it were provided
with (a) ornithine or (b) citrulline in its diet?

Hint 1.
Can ornithine or citrulline be converted to arginine if enzyme 2 is lacking?
ANSWER:
(a) No (b) No
(a) Yes (b) No
(a) No (b) Yes
(a) Yes (b) Yes

Correct
Correct. Citrulline, but not ornithine, can still be converted to arginine even if enzyme 2 is lacking.

Chapter 16 Reading Quiz Question 2

Part A
Srb and Horowitz showed that ______.

Hint 1.
Review Figure 16.2.
ANSWER:

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Gene to Protein, part 1

14-10-14 4:21

mutations of a single gene resulted in defects in multiple proteins


all proteins are enzymes
mutations of a single gene resulted in defects of one and only one enzyme
arginine was synthesized in a metabolic pathway
arginine was synthesized in one step from ammonia and carbon dioxide

Correct
Correct. Their research supported the one-gene, one-enzyme hypothesis.

Chapter 16 Reading Quiz Question 1

Part A
A knock-out allele is ______.

Hint 1.
To knock something out means to completely shut it down.
ANSWER:
a wild-type (normal) form of a gene that is difficult to detect
a mutated form of a gene that does not make a functioning product
a wild-type (normal) form of a gene that produces a protein with increased activity
a mutated form of a gene that creates proteins with additional functions
a mutated form of a gene that creates proteins with additional segments

Correct
Correct. Knock-out alleles are also known as null or loss-of-function alleles.

Chapter 16 Reading Quiz Question 3

Part A
The idea that the sequence of bases in DNA specifies the sequence of bases in an RNA molecule, which specifies the
sequence of amino acids in a protein, is _______.

Hint 1.
This hypothesis is one of the most important in our understanding of molecular biology.
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Gene to Protein, part 1

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ANSWER:
the Neurospora biosynthetic hypothesis
the central dogma
the neutral theory
the one-gene, one-enzyme hypothesis
the codon hypothesis

Correct
Correct. The central dogma is one of the basic underpinnings of biology.

Chapter 16 Reading Quiz Question 5

Part A
According to the original central dogma, what macromolecule or phenomenon is directly responsible for an organism's
phenotype?

Hint 1.
The central dogma is that DNA codes for RNA, and RNA codes for protein.
ANSWER:
transcription
DNA
protein
mutation
RNA

Correct
Correct. Proteins carry out the majority of cell functions.

Chapter 16 Blue Thread Question 2

Part A
What are the steps (in the correct order) that link a change in the base sequence of a gene to a change in the
phenotype of an organism like a mouse or a human?

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Gene to Protein, part 1

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Hint 1.
Review Figure 16.4.
ANSWER:
DNA>Protein>RNA
Protein>RNA>DNA
RNA>DNA>Protein
DNA>RNA>Protein

Correct
Correct. This is the central dogma, which summarizes the flow of information in cells from DNA (genes) to
proteins. For genes that encode RNAs that do not function as mRNAs, only the DNA>RNA step occurs.

Chapter 16 Question 1

Part A
What does the one-gene, one-enzyme hypothesis state?
ANSWER:
Genes code for ribozymes.
Genes are composed of stretches of DNA.
Genes are made of protein.
A single gene codes for a single protein.

Correct

Chapter 16 Question 5

Part A
Which of the following describes an important experimental strategy in deciphering the genetic code?
ANSWER:

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Gene to Protein, part 1

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analyzing the sequence of RNAs produced from known DNA sequences


examining the polypeptides produced when RNAs of known sequence were translated
analyzing mutants that changed the code
comparing the amino acid sequences of proteins with the base sequence of their genes

Correct
Score Summary:
Your score on this assignment is 86.4%.
You received 6.91 out of a possible total of 8 points.

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