1.

Pokus sa Tagaganap o Aktor (Actor Focus): The subject is the one doing the action
expressed by the verb.
Si Ate Flor ay nagluto ng adobong manok.
The subject is Ate Flor and she is the one who performed the action expressed by the
verbnagluto. Ate Flor is the one doing the cooking. The focus of the verb nagluto is actor
focus (pokus sa tagaganap o aktor).
2. Pokus sa Layon o Gol (Goal Focus): The subject is the receiver of the action
expressed by the verb. The subject is the direct object of the verb. The action is being done on
the subject.
Ang adobong manok ay niluto ni Ate Flor.
The subject is the adobong manok and the action niluto was done on the adobong manok.
The focus of the verb niluto is goal focus (pokus sa layon o gol).
3. Pokus sa Ganapan o Lokatib (Locative Focus): The subject is the place or location
where the action expressed by the verb takes place. The location can be as large as a park,
auditorium, country, or continent, or as small as a table, container, bucket, or plate.
Ang kawali ay pinaglutuan ni Ate Flor ng adobong manok.
The subject is the kawali and the action pinaglutuan was done in the kawali. The adobong
manok was cooked in the kawali. The focus of the verb pinaglutuan is locative focus (pokus
sa ganapan o lokatib).
4. Pokus sa Tagatanggap o Benepaktib (Benefactive Focus): The subject benefits
from the action expressed by the verb.
Si Nanay ay ipinagluto ni Ate Flor ng adobong manok.
The subject is Nanay and the action ipinagluto benefits her. Ipinagluto means cooked for.
Ate Flor cooked the adobong manok for Nanay. The focus of the verb ipinagluto is benefactive
focus (pokus sa tagatanggap o benepaktib).
5. Pokus sa Gamit o Instrumental (Instrumental Focus): The subject is used as the
instrument to do the action expressed by the verb.
Ang sandok ay ipinangkuha ni Ate Flor ng adobong manok sa kawali.

The subject is the sandok (ladle) and the action ipinangkuha means that the subject was
used to perform the action of getting the adobong manok. Ginamit ang sandok para makuha
ang adobong manok. The focus of the verb ipinangkuha is instrumental focus (pokus sa
gamit o instrumental).
6. Pokus sa Sanhi o Kusatib (Causative Focus): The subject is the cause of the action
expressed by the verb.
Ang pagluto ni Ate Flor ay ikinasaya ni Nanay.
The subject is pagluto (the act of cooking) and the action ikinasaya means that the subject
was the cause of Nanay becoming happy or masaya. Ikinasaya means caused to become
happy. Nanay became happy because Ate Floor cooked (for her). The focus of the
verbikinasaya is causative focus (pokus sa sanhi o kusatib).
Note that in all the sample sentences above the subject was mentioned first before the predicate
(di-karaniwang ayos ng pangungusap). In Filipino, the predicate usually comes first
before the subject (karaniwang ayos ng pangungusap). So, correctly identifying the
subject is important in determining the focus of the verb.
You may print and distribute these worksheets to your children or students, but you may not do so
for profit. These worksheets are appropriate for sixth grade students. The second page of each
file is the answer key.
Pokus ng Pandiwa_1