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s 21
s 22 , the sampling distribution of the variances is
zero.
The mean value of F is approximately equal to 1.
The F distribution is a family of curves based on the degrees of freedom of the
variance of the numerator and the degrees of freedom of the variance of the
denominator.
s
4. F test formula: F= 12 , where s 21 >s 22 regardless of the subscripts.
s2
5. The F test has two values for the degree of freedom: that of numerator , n1 1,
and that of the denominator , n2 -1 where n1 is the sample size from which the
larger variance was obtained.
Critical value for F - test
Eg 1: Find the critical value and the p-value for each of the following:
Critical value
Sol:
(i)
s12 = 128, n1 = 23
s22 = 162, n2 = 16
Two-tailed, = 0.01
(ii)
s12 = 37, n1 = 14
s22 = 89, n2 = 25
Right-tailed, = 0.01
Sol:
(iii)
s12 = 387, n1 = 46
s22 = 232, n2 = 30
Two-tailed, = 0.05
Sol:
p-value
Sol:
(ii)
F = 3.32, dfN = 6,
dfD = 12,
two-tailed
Sol:
Sol:
(iii) F = 2.28, dfN = 12,
dfD = 20,
right- tailed
(iv)
Sol:
( X 1, s 21) , ( X2 , s22 ) , , ( X k , s 2k )
2) Find the grand mean.
X
X GM =
N
2
s B = decision
k 1
4) Find the within-group variance.
2
W
( ni1 ) s 2i
=
( n i1 )
s 2B
F= 2
sW
The degree of freedom are
p-value approach
p-value approach
Eg 3: A pool of participants was randomly divided into FIVE treatment groups. The
groups were administered daily doses of vitamin C over a 12-month period. The
data in the table represents the number of cold and flu viruses reported by the
participant as a function of their vitamin C dosage. Using = .05, analyze the data
using the correct statistical procedure.
0mg
250mg
500mg
Sol:
critical value approach
1000mg
2000mg
p-value approach