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Southeast Asian Treaty Organization (1954)


France lost to North Vietnam at Dien Bien Phu.
French General sent to US President Eisenhower to ask for military assistance.
Why US should help according to France? Domino theory -> Asian states would
fall one after another in communism
Affinity between China and India after US sent arms to Pakistan.. US had to look
for allies to contain China in Southeast Asia.. Voila.. SEATO! By Secretary of
State John Foster Dulles. Similar to NATO, CENTO, ANZUS
Members: Britain, France, Australia, New Zealand, US, Pakistan, Thailand,
Philippines
Military response to the Geneva Agreements of 1954 (temporarily ended military
action in Vietnam hence, 17th parallel)
Umbrella clause members: Laos, South Vietnam, Cambodia
Paper Tiger
Ended 1977
Asian- African Conference (1955)

Bandung, Indonesia April 18-24 1955


Preceded by Bogor Conference December 29 1954
Burma, Ceylon, India, Indonesia, Pakistan
Not to build a regional block (Bogor)
Popularly called Bandung Conference
Forum outside UN to exchange views and discuss ideas of common interest
Different ideological streams present; Anti-communism by PH and Thailand,

Communism by China and Vietnam, non alignment by India, Indonesia, Burma


Division of the World Federation of Trade Unions- prime agency for directing the
local communist parties according to Asian Trade Union Conference in Beijing
November 1949
Democratic trade unions: Burma, Ceylon, Pakistan, Iran, Japan

Association of Southeast Asia (1961)


July 31, 1961
Malaya, Thailand, Philippines

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Established at a meeting in Bangkok
Bangkok Declaration of 1961
Goal: uphold ideals of peace, freedom, social justice and economic well-being
by active cooperation among nations
Mutual economic and cultural cooperation
Machinery for friendly consultations and voluntary cooperations
Embodied principles of Pres. Garcia and Malaya PM Tungku Abdul Rahman from
meeting on Jan 6 1959
Renamed SEAFET
Philippine claim to Sabah strained relations with Malaya
MAPHILINDO (1963)
Proposal to form a greater Malayan Confederation of the Philippines, Malaya,
Singapore and British territories
Response to the accusations that the Philippines was trying to sabotage the

proposed Federation of Malaya


We should not accept a European project as a substitute for an Asian project
Indonesia rejected formation of Malaysia because neocolonialism
Conflicting objectives among the three countries
Long range goals of PH ForPol: establishment of MAPHILINDO
Short range goals: establishment of a machinery for frequent consultations or

consensus-making called mushawarah


Secure the region from communism
Ill fate reason: extreme divergences in the interpretations of their goals
Other reasons: Malaysian betrayal of Manila Agreement

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