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Basic Seismic Processing

More Seismic Processing

INPUT
FILTER
GEOM

INPUT

GAIN RCVR

GEOM

EDIT

CMP Gather
VEL ANAL

DEMUX

NMO

BP FILTER

CMP Gather

NMO

DECON
MUTE

COHERENCY
ENHANCE

STATICS

MIGRATE

FK FILTER

MUTE
VIB CORR

STATICS

DECON
COHERENCY
ENHANCE

STACK

VEL ANAL

FK FILTER

DMO/
MIGRATE

TIME
TO
DEPTH

STACK
DISPLAY

MIGRATE
SAVE
DISPLAY

Pre-Processing

Vibroseis Correlation

DEMULTIPLEXING
Issues: Demultiplex skew
IN
Yilmaz, 2001

VIBROSEIS CORRELATION
OUT

Pt

Issues: DeSpike B4 Corr

Filtered Pilot

Pt X Raw St =
=

Pt

Raw S-t

Raw St
Corr St
Yilmaz, 2001

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Gain Recovery

Gain Recovery

Options:
Automatic Gain Control (AGC)

Gain info lost

Spherical Divergence (Need Vt)
Exponential Gain Correction
Programmed Gain Control (PGC)
Trace to Trace Gain Balance
Amplitude Statics

Original

with Spherical Gain Correction

Yilmaz, 2001

Yilmaz, 2001

Editing

Gain Recovery: AGC

= window length

AGC shadow

Yilmaz,
2001

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Bandwidth/Filter Length

Band Pass Filter

Output

Filter

Input

st

rt

st
35/5

Time domain

50/25

t
Filter length
Bandwidth = f2/f1

Sf

Rf

Sf

Frequency domain

Band Pass Filter: Resolution

Filter Shape
model

model

Increasing Bandwidth

Increasing frequency

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FK (2D) Filtering

Bandpass Filter Test

k
TVF = Time Varying Filter

FK Filtering

Spatial Aliasing

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FK Filtering

FK Filtering

FK Spectra
before
B4

After

after

Convolutional Model

Deconvolution

* W t=
conv

decon

Poor decon

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Deconvolution

Deconvolution

Before Decon

After Decon