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...
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.!
Age of probots
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!.
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!...
28-07-2008
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What is c++
.
) (C++
. .
.
) (C++) (C .
.
) (IDE .
1 0 .
) (IDE Integrated development
.
C++ TURBO 3.0 .
.
.
C .
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TC
.
:
.
c .
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TC .
Alt + Enter .
New .
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Message Box
.
C
Directories .
C .
C
E C E
.
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Help .
.
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C++ Programming basic
Geting started
.
.
.
) ( .
>#include<iostream.h
>#include<conio.h
)(int main
{
;)(Clrscr
;"!cout<<"Hello tech in sindhi
;)(getch
;return 0
}
) Run(
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Run .
ctrl+F9 .
out put
! Hello tech in sindhi .
Enter . .
function
. ;)( int main() , clrscr ;)(getch
)( Int main ) Gate way ( int main()
.
;)( clrscr Clear screen
Run clrscr(); .
;)( clrscr
;)( clrscr .
;)( getch ) ( get a character
.
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Function name
) ( .
)
( . main .
Programm statement
;! cout<<Hello tech in sindhi ;o
;o
.return
.
Retrun
White spaces
) (
.
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cout
!in sindhi
tech
cout<<Hello
) cout . ( )
( cout .
.
cout << ) (
cout cout
.
1
.
)(
.
Straing constant
) (
.
!Hello tech in sindhi
.
.
Directives
1
.
.
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Preprocessor Directives
>#include<iostream.h
>#include<conio.h
1 . #
.
#include
.
Header files
><iostream.h
><conio.h
.
. iostream.h << cout
conio.h ;)( clrscr ;)( getch .
C
C:\tc\INCLUDE
Comments
.
.
.
.
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Use of comments
.
. .
:Classic comments
/*This is old type comment*/
.
.
.
.
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{
//Start body of programm
clrscr();
//Clear screen function
cout<<"Hello tech in sindhi!"; //Statement
getch();
//Getch Function
return 0;
//Statement
}
//End body new programm
.
.
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Variable
.
. .
.
.
Integer variable
130000 : -27.
>#include<iostream.h
>#include<conio.h
)(int main
{
;)(clrscr
;int var1
// Define var1
;int var2
// Define var2
;)(getch
;return 0
}
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int
var1 . var2 . .
int var1 int var2 ) (Declarations .
.
.
. .
;int var1, var2
Variable name
2 var1 var2
. ) (identifiers .
. . A to Z 1 to 9
) _ ( .
.
.
.
) (
.
int.
Assignments statement
)=( .
.
;int var1=20
;int var2=var1+10
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var1
20 . 20 var1 .
+
+ +
.
var1 20 + var1 20
10 30 var2 .
.
.
Out put
.
.
.
>#include<iostream.h
>#include<conio.h
)(int main
{
;)(clrscr
;int var1=20
;int var2=var1+10
;cout<<var2
;)(getch
;return 0
}
3 cout
cout<<var2; var2
var2 30 var1 20
10 30 30 var2 cout
var2 30 .
endl manipulator
4
>#include<iostream.h
>#include<conio.h
)(int main
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{
;)(clrscr
cout<<"Hello tech in sindh!"<<endl; //endl use for new line
;cout<<"C++ in sindhi"<<endl
;cout<<"My computer & C++"<<endl
;)(getch
;return 0
}
4 .
4 ) endl (
1 ! Hello tech in sindhi
.
1 4
.
.
\n .
5 .
.
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.
endl .
4 5
.
setw
) (Set width .
Look .
.
>#include<constream.h
)(int main
{
;)(clrscr
cout<<"LOCATION
;POPULATION"<<endl
;cout<<"Dadu 129374"<<endl
;cout<<"Hala 1234376"<<endl
cout<<"Karachi
;7543334"<<endl
;)(getch
;return 0
}
>#include<constream.h
>#include<iomanip.h
)(int main
{
;)(clrscr
;cout<<setw(6)<<"LOCATION"<<setw(15)<<"POPULATION"<<endl
;cout<<setw(6)<<"Dadu"<<setw(15)<<"129374"<<endl
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;cout<<setw(6)<<"Hala"<<setw(15)<<"1234376"<<endl
;cout<<setw(6)<<"Karachi"<<setw(15)<<"7543334"<<endl
;)(getch
;return 0
}
setw(6) 6
Setw(15) . 15 .
Iomanip .
Character variable
. @ A, B, C, $,.
0 127 0 256
.
Declaration of ch:v:able
Syntax .
int char .
;char a
;char b
;char a,b,c,d,e
A B A B C D E
.
Character constant
. a b.
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>#include<iostream.h
>#include<conio.h
)(int main
{
;)(clrscr
;'char var1='A
;'char var2='B
;cout<<var1
;cout<<var2
;)(getch
;return 0
}
.
var1 var2 var1 .
A var2 B .
cout . .
>#include<iostream.h
>#include<conio.h
)(int main
{
;)(clrscr
;float a=10.2
;float b
;b=a+1.2
;cout<<b
;)(getch
;return 0
}
3
3 .
3
.
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Cin
Cin syntex
.
;cin>>a
>> a
.
2
.
.
10
>#include<constream.h
)(int main
{
;)(clrscr
;int a,b
;cout<<"Enter 1st Value"<<endl
;cin>>a
;cout<<"Enter 2nd Value"<<endl
;cin>>b
;cout<<"Addition is "<<a+b
;)(getch
;return 0
}
10 constream
.
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.
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cin>>a>>b;
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Arithmetic operators
. .
+
*
/
%
.
.
.
Plus operator
.
11
>#include<constream.h
)(int main
{
;)(clrscr
;int a,b,c
;cout<<"Enter 1st value"<<endl
;cin>>a
;cout<<"Enter 2nd value"<<endl
;cin>>b
;cout<<"Enter 3rd value"<<endl
;cin>>c
;cout<<"Addition is "<<a+b+c
;)(getch
;return 0
}
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. a,b,c
minus operaters
.
12
#include<constream.h>
int main()
{
clrscr();
int a,b;
cout<<"Enter 1st value"<<endl;
cin>>a;
cout<<"Enter 2nd value"<<endl;
cin>>b;
cout<<"subtraction is "<<a-b;
getch();
return 0;
}
. B A
Multiplction operator
.
13
#include<constream.h>
int main()
{
clrscr();
int a,b;
cout<<"Enter 1st value"<<endl;
cin>>a;
cout<<"Enter 2nd value"<<endl;
cin>>b;
cout<<"subtraction is "<<a*b;
getch();
return 0;
}
. B A
Division operator
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14
>#include<constream.h
)(int main
{
;)(clrscr
;int a,b
;cout<<"Enter 1st value"<<endl
;cin>>a
;cout<<"Enter 2nd value"<<endl
;cin>>b
;cout<<"subtraction is "<<a/b
;)(getch
;return 0
}
Remainder operator
.
15
>#include<constream.h
)(int main
{
;)(clrscr
;int a,b
;cout<<"Enter 1st value"<<endl
;cin>>a
;cout<<"Enter 2nd value"<<endl
;cin>>b
;cout<<"subtraction is "<<a/b
;cout<<remainder is <<a%b
;)(getch
;return 0
}
.
.
.
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.
.
;a=a+b
a+=b
=/
=*
=-
.
16
=%
>#include<constream.h
)(int main
{
;)(clrscr
;int ans=27
;ans+=10
;" cout<<ans<<" ,
;ans-=7
;" cout<<ans<<" ,
;ans*=2
;" cout<<ans<<".
;ans/=3
;" cout<<ans<<" ,
;ans%=3
;cout<<ans<<endl
;)(getch
;return 0
}
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ans
27 .
; ans+=10 Logic
.
ans 27 27 10 ans
37.
cout cout ans
) ( ans .
ans-=7 ans 37 7
ans 30 .
ans *=2 ans 30 2
ans 60 .
ans/=3 ans 60 3
ans 20 .
ans%=3 ans 20 3 2
.
13
.
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Relation operator
:
.
.
>
<
==
=!
=>
=<
)(greater than
)(less than
)(equal to
)(not equal to
)(greater than or equal to
)(less than or equal to
10 >1 : 10 1 10 1
1 .
10 >11 : 10 11 10
11 0 .
.
17
>#include<constream.h
)(int main
{
;)(clrscr
;int numb
;cout<<"Enter a number"<<endl
;cin>>numb
;cout<<"Number < 10 is "<<(numb<10)<<endl
;cout<<"Number > 10 is "<<(numb>10)<<endl
;cout<<"Number == 10 is "<<(numb==10)<<endl
;)(getch
;return 0
}
.
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.
numb .
Enter a number . cin numb
20 .
cout Number < 10 .
(numb < 10) . numb 20
20 10 0 .
Number > 10 .
(num > 10) numb 20
20 10 1 .
Number == 10
(numb == 10) numb 20
20 10 0 .
.
18
>#include<constream.h
)(int main
{
;)(clrscr
;int numb
;cout<<"Enter a number"<<endl
;cin>>numb
;cout<<"Number < 10 is "<<(numb<10)<<endl
;cout<<"Number > 10 is "<<(numb>10)<<endl
;cout<<"Number == 10 is "<<(numb==10)<<endl
;cout<<"Number != 10 is "<<(numb!=10)<<endl
;cout<<"Number >= 10 is "<<(numb>=10)<<endl
;cout<<"Number <= 10 is "<<(numb<=10)<<endl
;)(getch
;return 0
}
18 .
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17 .
) (numb != 10 numb 20
20 10 1 .
) (numb > =10
numb 20 10 20 20 10
1 .
) (numb < = 10 numb
20 20 10 10
0 .
.
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Loops
.
Loop
Concept .
.
.
.
.1 )(for loop
.2 )(while loop
.3 )(do while loop
.
.1 :For loop
: Sindh 10 .
.
3
.
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Initialization expression 3 a
1 . test expression increment expression
.
Test expression
.
Increment expression 1 a 1
Increment expression Increment expression a
2 . Increment expression decrement expression
1 .
.
.
.
19
>#include<constream.h
)(int main
{
;)(clrscr
;int a
)for(a=1; a<=10; a++
;cout<<a
;)(getch
;return 0
}
a . a
1 .
.
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1 10 1 10
.
cout a .1
.
a 1 2.
.
2 10 .
a 2 cout 2 .
a
3
.
a 10 10
10 10 10 .
a 11
11 10 10
.
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4
4
.
Decrement expression
1 .
1 .
.
20
>#include<constream.h
)(int main
{
;)(clrscr
;int a
)for(a=10; a>=1; a--
;cout<<a
;)(getch
;return 0
}
17 .
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.
19 .
a 10
a>=1 10 1 10 1
a 10 .
a 10 1 a
9 .
a 9 .
a 1
1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1
1 a 1
a 1 0
0 1 0 1 .
0 1 .
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21
#include<constream.h>
int main()
{
clrscr();
cout<<"SINDHI"<<endl;
cout<<"SINDHI"<<endl;
cout<<"SINDHI"<<endl;
cout<<"SINDHI"<<endl;
cout<<"SINDHI"<<endl;
cout<<"SINDHI"<<endl;
cout<<"SINDHI"<<endl;
cout<<"SINDHI"<<endl;
cout<<"SINDHI"<<endl;
cout<<"SINDHI"<<endl;
getch();
return 0;
}
22
#include<constream.h>
int main()
{
clrscr();
int a;
for(a=1; a<=10; a++)
cout<<"SINDHI"<<endl;
getch();
return 0;
}
. 21
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19 19
19 12345678910 :
sindhi .
other statement
.
.
23
>#include<constream.h
)(int main
{
;)(clrscr
;int a
)for(a=1; a<=10; a++
;" "<<cout<<a+a
;)(getch
;return 0
}
23 .
23
a a 1 1+1
2 . a
2+2 4 .
.
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24
>#include<constream.h
>#include<iomanip.h
)(void main
{
;)(clrscr
)for(int numb=1; numb<=10; numb++
{
;cout<<setw(4)<<numb
;int cube=numb*numb*numb
;cout<<setw(6)<<cube<<endl
}
;)(getch
}
.
.
.
Void
.
int
; return 0 ; return 0
.
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; int a
for(int numb=1; .
1 .
.
cout<<setw(4)<<numb; numb 4
. 123 4
cube cube
numb*numb*numb . 5 125 . 5*5*5
125.
.
cout<<setw(6)<<cube; cube
.
Multipul initialization
for(a=1
.
25
>#include<constream.h
)(void main
{
;)(clrscr
)for(int a=1, b=1; a<=100; a=a+b, b=a+b
;" "<<cout<<a<<" "<<b
;)(getch
}
.
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.
1+1=2 1 2 3 .2 3 5 .
.
a b 1 .
.
a=a+b, b=a+b
a=a+b, b=a+b
.
.
b=a+b a b 1 2 b . b
2 a=a+b . a 1
b 2 3 a
.
a b .
. .
26
>#include<constream.h
)(void main
{
;)(clrscr
)for(int a=1; a<=5; a++
{
)for(int b=1; b<=a; b++
;"cout<< "#
;cout<<endl
}
;)(getch
}
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.
a 1 .
. 1 5 . .
) (# .
.
.
.2 :While loop
.
.
5
.
5 .
5
. .
.
27
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>#include<constream.h
)(void main
{
;)(clrscr
;int a=99
)while(a!=0
;cin>>a
;cout<<endl
;)(getch
}
1
.
26 . a .
99 0 .
) while(a!=0 .
a 0 .
. 2
34
. 0 )( .
1 0 .
6
6 .
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28
>#include<constream.h
)(void main
{
;)(clrscr
;int a=2
)while(a<=10
{
;a+=2
;cout<<a<<endl
}
;)(getch
}
a+=2 a
2 . a 10
10 .
- Do-while loop
.
.
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7
.
.
29
>#include<constream.h
)(void main
{
;)(clrscr
;int a,b
;char test
do
{
;cout<<"Enter 1st value"<<endl
;cin>>a
;cout<<"Enter 2nd value"<<endl
;cin>>b
;cout<<"Addition is"<<a+b<<endl
;cout<<"Do another? (y/n)"<<endl
;cin>>test
}
;)'while(test != 'n
;)(getch
}
.
.
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a b .
) Do another? (y/n .
test . )(
Test n ) test n( test n
.
8
8 . 8
.
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Decisions
.
.
. .
.
) . ( .
) .
(.
.
.
If
. :
.
.
9
.
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30
>#include<constream.h
)(void main
{
;)(clrscr
;int a
;cout<<"Enter a number"<<endl
;cin>>a
)if(a>10
;"cout<<"Number is greater than 10
;)(getch
}
.
a .
if(a>10) a 10
a 10 .
10
10 .
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Multipule statement
.
31
>#include<constream.h
)(void main
{
;)(clrscr
;int a
;cout<<"Enter a number"<<endl
;cin>>a
)if(a>10
{
;cout<<"The number "<<a
;"cout<<" is geater than 10
}
;)(getch
}
30
.
.
. .
.
.
32
>#include<constream.h
>#include<process.h
)(void main
{
;)(clrscr
;int n,j
;cout<<"Enter a number"<<endl
;cin>>n
)for(j=2; j<=n/2; j++
)if(n%j==0
{
;cout<<"its not prime number; divisible by"<<j<<endl
;)exit(0
}
;"cout<<"Its prime number
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;)(getch
}
. 2
. j
2 Its prime number 3 its not prime number;
divisible by . Exit .
Exit
.
0
. 0 .
process .
If else
31 10
10 .
.
.
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11
. 11
.
33
#include<constream.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
int a;
cout<<"Enter a number"<<endl;
cin>>a;
if(a>30)
cout<<"Number greater than 30";
else
cout<<"Number less than or equal to 30";
getch();
}
.
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a .
30 Number greater than 30
30 number less than or equal to 30 .
)( getche
.
getche .
34
>#include<constream.h
)(void main
{
;)(clrscr
;int chcount=0
;int wdcount=1
;'char ch='a
;" cout<<"Enter a phrase:
)'while (ch!='\r
{
;)(ch=getche
)' '==if(ch
;wdcount++
else
;chcount++
}
;cout<<"\nWord= "<<wdcount<<endl
;cout<<"Letters= "<<(chcount-1)<<endl
;)(getch
}
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.
Microsoft windows xp 18
3 .
. 34
.
.
chcount wdcount wdcount 1
. ch . )while(ch!=\r
.
.
) = = If (ch ch
wdcount + + Microsoft
wdcount++ 2 wdcount 1
2 . windows wdcount 3
xp xp wdcount 3
.
chcount wdcount
chcount .
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Escape sequence
\r \n
.
10 .
\a
\b
\f
\n
\r
\t
\\
\
\
\xdd
35
>#include<constream.h
)(void main
{
;)(clrscr
;"cout<<"Information Technology \a
;)(getch
}
\a
.
\a
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Nested if
36
#include<constream.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
int a,b,c;
cout<<"Enter three numbers: use space B/W num"<<endl;
cin>>a>>b>>c;
if(a==b)
if(b==c)
cout<<"Both numbers are same";
else
cout<<"Numbers not same here";
getch();
}
36 .
.
37
#include<constream.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
int test;
cout<<"Enter a number"<<endl;
cin>>test;
if(test>0)
cout<<"Your entered number greater than 0";
else if(test<0)
cout<<"Your entered number less than 0";
else if(test==0)
cout<<"Your entered number equal to 0";
getch();
}
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.
.
Switch statement
... : 37
.
:
.
.
.
.
Page 61 of 97
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12
.
.
.
38
>#include<constream.h
)(void main
{
;)(clrscr
;int a,b
;int choice
;cout<<"Enter 1st number"<<endl
;cin>>a
;cout<<"Enter 2nd number"<<endl
;cin>>b
;cout<<"Choice one from following"<<endl
;cout<<"(1 for +)(2 for -)(3 for *)(4 for /)"<<endl
;cin>>choice
)switch(choice
{
case 1:
;cout<<"Addition is "<<a+b
;break
case 2:
;cout<<"Subtaction is "<<a-b
Page 62 of 97
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;break
case 3:
;cout<<"Multiplication is "<<a*b
;break
case 4:
;cout<<"Division is "<<a/b
;break
default:
;"cout<<"Your input not valid
}
;)(getch
}
:1 34 , 56 4 1
+ 56 34 .
:2 7 .
Your input not valid .
a , b , choice . a b
.
. choice .
. choice 1 case 1
. choice 2 case 2
. 2 Your input not valid
7 case
.
Page 63 of 97
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13
13 .
.
Break statement
38
)( .
.
39
>#include<constream.h
)(void main
{
;)(clrscr
)for(int a=1; a<=10; a++
{
)if(a==7
;break
;" "<<cout<<a
}
;)(getch
}
Page 64 of 97
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39 .
10 6 7
)( .
continue statement
.
. .
.
40
>#include<constream.h
)(void main
{
;)(clrscr
)for(int a=1; a<=10; a++
{
)if(a==7
;continue
;" "<<cout<<a
}
;)(getch
}
7
.
38
.
.
Page 65 of 97
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41
#include<constream.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
textmode(3);
char dir='a';
int x=10, y=10;
while(dir != '\r')
{
cout<<"\n Your location is "<<x<<" , "<<y;
cout<<"\n Enter direction (n, s, e, w,): ";
dir=getche();
switch(dir)
{
case 'n':
y;
break;
case 's':
y++;
break;
case 'e':
x++;
break;
case 'w':
x;
break;
case '\r':
cout<<"Exiting \n";
break;
default:
cout<<"Try again\n";
}
}
getch();
}
.
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Page 66 of 97
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n, s, e, w, . s
y 10 11 s y 12 .
e x 10 11 .
x y 10 .
w n x y .
e x . s
y .
Defaulat
:
Error: Invalid selection.
.
.
Logical operator
+, -, *, /, % <, >, <=, >=,
=! ==, .
.
.
and operator
&&
or operator
||
:
.
.
and operator
.
Page 67 of 97
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:
.
.
or operator ) (
.
. .
.
42
>#include<constream.h
)(void main
{
;)(clrscr
;int a,b
;cout<<"Enter User Name"<<endl
;cin>>a
;cout<<"Enter Password"<<endl
;cin>>b
)if(a==23 && b==11
;"cout<<"Welcome to microsoft windows
else
;"cout<<"Sorry user name or password are invalid
;)(getch
}
Page 68 of 97
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42 .
42 a 23 b 11
. 1 23 11
. 23 44
.
Or operator
.
.
.
43
>#include<constream.h
)(void main
{
;)(clrscr
;int a,b
;cout<<"Enter User Name"<<endl
;cin>>a
;cout<<"Enter Password"<<endl
;cin>>b
)if(a==23 || b==11
;"cout<<"Welcome to microsoft windows
else
;"cout<<"Sorry user name or password are invalid
;)(getch
}
1 23 44 11
.
.
Page 69 of 97
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goto satatement
.
.
.
44
>#include<iostream.h
>#include<conio.h
)(int main
{
;)(clrscr
;int a,b
restart:
;cout<<"Enter 1st value"<<endl
;cin>>a
;cout<<"Enter 2nd value"<<endl
;cin>>b
;cout<<"Addition is "<<a+b<<endl
;goto restart
;)(getch
;return 0
}
Enter 1st value . 44
restart .
restart .
goto restart
Page 70 of 97
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Function
.
.
.
.
.
. .
.
14
.
45
>#include<constream.h
;)(void starline
)(void main
{
;)(clrscr
;)(starline
cout<<"Data type
;Range "<<endl
;)(starline
cout<<"char
;-128 to 127"<<endl
cout<<"short
;-32,768 to 32, 767"<<endl
cout<<"int
;System dependent"<<endl
cout<<"long
;-2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647"<<endl
Page 71 of 97
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;)(starline
;)(getch
}
)(void starline
{
)for(int a=1; a<=42; a++
;'*'<<cout
;cout<<endl
}
.
)( void main
)( void satarline void starline()
.
.
;)( clrscr ;)( starline
;)( starline
42 .
;)( starline
.
Function Declaration
.
.
.
45 ;)( starline
.
. .
Page 72 of 97
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46
>#include<constream.h
)(void starline
{
)for(int a=1; a<=42; a++
;'*'<<cout
;cout<<endl
}
)(void main
{
;)(clrscr
;)(starline
cout<<"Data type
;Range "<<endl
;)(starline
cout<<"char
;-128 to 127"<<endl
cout<<"short
;-32,768 to 32, 767"<<endl
cout<<"int
;System dependent"<<endl
cout<<"long
;-2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647"<<endl
;)(starline
;)(getch
45 .
Calling function
45 46 ) ( .
. starline(); .
.
.
Function Defination
.
45 46
.
Page 73 of 97
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)(void starline
{
)for(int a=1; a<=42; a++
;'*'<<cout
;cout<<endl
}
.
.
Purpose
Example
Specifies function name, argument, types and
;)(void starline
return values. Alert compiler that a function
coming up later.
Causes the function to be executed
;)(Starline
)(Void starline
{
//lines of code
}
)(Void starline
Component
)Declaration (prototype
Call
Definition
Decelerator
;)(ch=getche
)
( .
)
;)( getche ( conio.h
.
Page 74 of 97
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passing constant
42 46 45
.
.
47
#include<constream.h>
void repchar(char, int);
void main()
{
clrscr();
repchar('=',50);
cout<<"Data type
Range "<<endl;
repchar('-', 20);
cout<<"char
-128 to 127"<<endl;
cout<<"short
-32,768 to 32, 767"<<endl;
cout<<"int
System dependent"<<endl;
cout<<"long
-2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647"<<endl;
repchar('-', 40);
cout<<"I Love And Every Body Loves C++"<<endl;
repchar('=', 50);
getch();
}
void repchar(char ch, int n)
{
for(int j=0; j<=n; j++)
cout<<ch;
cout<<endl;
}
www.voiceofsindh.net
Page 75 of 97
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47 = 50 20 40
50
.
47 ;)( repchar
. ) (=,-
) (=,- .
n
.
Passing variabe
47 - 50
.
48
>#include<constream.h
;)void repchar(char, int
)(void main
{
;)(clrscr
;char chain
;int nin
;cout<<"Enter character"<<endl
;cin>>chain
;cout<<"Enter number of times to repeat it"<<endl
;cin>>nin
;)repchar(chain, nin
;)(getch
}
)void repchar(char ch, int n
{
)for(int j=0; j<=n; j++
;cout<<ch
;cout<<endl
}
47 . 47
47
.
Page 76 of 97
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Diff: no of argument
48 47 46 45
.
49
>#include<constream.h
;)(void repchar
;)void repchar(char
;)void repchar(char, int
)(void main
{
;)(clrscr
;)(repchar
;)'='(repchar
;)repchar('+', 30
;)(getch
}
)(void repchar
{
)for(int j=0; j<=45; j++
;'*'<<cout
;cout<<endl
}
)void repchar(char ch
{
)for(int j=0; j<45; j++
;cout<<ch
;cout<<endl
}
)void repchar(char ch, int n
{
)for(int j=0; j<n; j++
;cout<<ch
;cout<<endl
}
48 47 46 45
.
.
Page 77 of 97
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Work with more
textmode
.
.
50
>#include<constream.h
)(int main
{
;)(clrscr
;)textmode(3
;cout<<"Go.....Go"<<endl
;)(getch
}
:
.
;) Textmode(3 3
3 .
Text color
.
.
51
>#include<constream.h
)(void main
{
;)(clrscr
;)textcolor(12
;)"cputs("Information technology
;)(getch
}
.
Page 78 of 97
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12 .
cout cputs
.
.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Page 79 of 97
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Text beckground
.
52
>#include<constream.h
)(void main
{
;)(clrscr
;)textcolor(12
;)textbackground(2
;)"cputs("Information technology
;)(getch
}
High video
.
53
>#include<constream.h
)(int main
{
;)(clrscr
;)textmode(3
;)(highvideo
;)"!cputs("Hello tech in sindhi
;)(getch
;return 0
}
Normal video
.
Page 80 of 97
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54
#include<constream.h>
int main()
{
clrscr();
textmode(3);
normvideo();
cputs("Hello tech in sindhi!");
getch();
return 0;
}
Low video
.
55
#include<constream.h>
int main()
{
clrscr();
textmode(3);
lowvideo();
cputs("Hello tech in sindhi!");
getch();
return 0;
}
clreol();
. . clear end of line Clreol
56
#include <constream.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
cputs("clreol stand fo clear end of line\r\n");
cputs("c plus plus\r\n");
cputs("current text window, without moving the cursor.\r\n");
cputs("Press any key to continue . . .");
gotoxy(14, 4);
getch();
clreol();
getch();
}
goto xy
.
57
#include <constream.h>
void main()
www.voiceofsindh.net
Page 81 of 97
www.voiceofsindh.net
{
clrscr();
gotoxy(12, 12);
cout<<"Hello world";
getch();
}
Delline();
. . delete line Delline
.
58
#include <constream.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
cout<<"Information technology"<<endl;
cout<<"C plus pluse"<<endl;
cout<<"Hello world"<<endl;
cout<<"window. Press any key to continue . . ."<<endl;
gotoxy(1,2);
getch();
delline();
getch();
}
Insline();
insert line Insline
.
60
#include <constream.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
cout<<"INSLINE inserts an empty line in the text window"<<endl;
cout<<"at the cursor position using the current text"<<endl;
cout<<"background color. All lines below the empty one"<<endl;
cout<<"move down one line and the bottom line scrolls"<<endl;
cout<<"off the bottom of the window."<<endl;
cout<<"Press any key to continue:";
gotoxy(1, 3);
getch();
insline();
getch();
}
windows function
. goto xy
61
www.voiceofsindh.net
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>#include <conio.h
>#include <iostream.h
)int main(void
{
;)(clrscr
;)window(10,10,40,91
;)textcolor(BLACK
;)textbackground(WHITE
;)"cputs("This is a test\r\n
;)(getch
;return 0
}
Delay,sound no sound
.
62
>#include <dos.h
)int main(void
{
;)sound(440
;)delay(1000
;)(nosound
;return 0
}
dos.h .
.
440 .
.
.
1000 .
.
Page 83 of 97
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Square root
.
63
#include<constream.h>
#include<math.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
int no, result;
cout<<"Enter any number for square root"<<endl;
cin>>no;
result=sqrt(no);
cout<<"Square root is"<<result;
getch();
}
. math.h
power function
.
64
#include<constream.h>
#include<math.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
int no, result,power;
cout<<"Enter any value"<<endl;
cin>>no;
cout<<"Enter any power"<<endl;
cin>>power;
result=pow(no,power);
cout<<"power is"<<result;
getch();
}
. math.h
. pow power
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Page 84 of 97
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ASCII Chart
DEC
HEX
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
www.voiceofsindh.net
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
0A
0B
0C
0D
0E
0F
10
11
12
13
14
15
17
18
19
1A
1B
1C
1D
1E
1F
20
21
Symbol
(NULL)
Key
Ctrl 2
Ctrl A
Ctrl B
Ctrl C
Ctrl D
Ctrl E
Ctrl E
Ctrl G
Backspace
Tab
Ctrl J
Ctrl K
Ctrl L
Enter
Ctrl N
Ctrl O
Ctrl P
Ctrl Q
Ctrl R
Ctrl S
Ctrl T
Ctrl U
Ctrl W
Ctrl X
Ctrl Y
Ctrl Z
Esc
Ctrl \
Ctrl ]
Ctrl 6
Ctrl Spacebar
!
Use in c
beep
Backspace
tab
New line
Vertical tab
Form feed
Carriage return
Page 85 of 97
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
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22
23
24
25
26
27
28
27
2A
2B
2C
2D
2E
2F
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
3A
3B
3C
3D
3E
3F
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
"
#
$
%
&
'
)
(
*
+
,
.
/
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
:
;
>
=
<
?
@
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
#
$
%
&
)
(
*
+
,
.
/
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
:
;
>
=
<
?
@
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
Page 86 of 97
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
www.voiceofsindh.net
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4A
4B
4C
4D
4E
4F
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
5A
5B
5C
5D
5E
5F
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
6A
6B
6C
6D
6E
6F
70
71
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
]
\
[
^
_
`
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
o
p
q
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
]
\
[
^
_
`
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
o
p
q
Page 87 of 97
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
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72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
7A
7B
7C
7D
7E
7F
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
8A
8B
8C
8D
8E
8F
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
r
s
t
u
v
w
x
y
z
{
|
}
~
r
s
t
u
v
w
x
y
z
{
|
}
~
Ctrl
Alt 128
Alt 129
Alt 130
Alt 131
Alt 132
Alt 133
Alt 134
Alt 135
Alt 136
Alt 137
Alt 138
Alt139
Alt 140
Alt 141
Alt 142
Alt 143
Alt 144
Alt 145
Alt 146
Alt 147
Alt 148
Alt 149
Alt 150
Alt 151
Alt 152
Alt 153
Page 88 of 97
153
154
155
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157
158
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161
162
163
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166
167
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169
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171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
www.voiceofsindh.net
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9A
9B
9C
9D
9E
9F
A0
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
A9
AA
AB
AC
AD
AE
AF
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
BA
BB
BC
BD
BE
BF
C0
C1
C2
C3
C4
Alt 154
Alt 155
Alt 156
Alt 157
Alt 158
Alt 159
Alt 160
Alt 161
Alt 162
Alt 163
Alt 164
Alt 165
Alt 166
Alt 167
Alt 168
Alt 169
Alt 170
Alt 171
Alt 172
Alt 173
Alt 174
Alt 175
Alt 179
Alt 180
Alt 181
Alt 182
Alt 183
Alt 184
Alt 185
Alt 186
Alt 187
Alt 188
Alt 189
Alt 190
Alt 191
Alt 192
Alt 193
Alt 194
Alt 195
Alt 196
Page 89 of 97
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197
198
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201
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203
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205
206
207
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209
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214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
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www.voiceofsindh.net
C5
C6
C7
C8
C9
CA
CB
CC
CD
CE
CF
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
D8
D9
DA
DB
DC
DD
DE
DF
E0
E1
E2
E3
E4
E5
E7
E8
E9
EA
EB
EC
ED
Alt 197
Alt 198
Alt 199
Alt 200
Alt 201
Alt 202
Alt 203
Alt 204
Alt 205
Alt 206
Alt 207
Alt 208
Alt 209
Alt 210
Alt 211
Alt 212
Alt 213
Alt 214
Alt 215
Alt 216
Alt 217
Alt 218
Alt 219
Alt 220
Alt 221
Alt 222
Alt 223
Alt 224
Alt 225
Alt 226
Alt 227
Alt 228
Alt 229
Alt 231
Alt 232
Alt 233
Alt 234
Alt 235
Alt 236
Alt 237
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Alt 238
Alt 239
Alt 240
Alt 241
Alt 242
Alt 243
Alt 244
Alt 245
Alt 246
Alt 247
Alt 247
Alt 249
Alt 250
Alt 251
Alt 252
Alt 253
Alt 254
Alt 255
)(blank
EE
EF
F0
F1
F2
F3
F4
F5
F6
F7
F8
F9
FA
FB
FC
FD
FE
FF
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
.
.
ctrl L alt 228 .
Page 91 of 97
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.
.
66
#include<constream.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
int choice;
cout<<"Choice one from following"<<endl;
cout<<"1. Fahrenheit to Centigrad"<<endl;
cout<<"2. Centigrad to Fahrenheit"<<endl;
cin>>choice;
switch(choice)
{
case 1:
float centi, forn;
cout<<"Enter temp: in fahrenheit"<<endl;
cin>>forn;
centi=(forn-32)*5/9;
cout<<"Centigrad is "<<centi;
break;
case 2:
float cnti, fahr;
cout<<"Enter temp: in centigrad"<<endl;
cin>>cnti;
fahr=cnti*9/5+32;
cout<<"Fahrenheit is "<<fahr;
break;
default:
cout<<"Your input not valid";
}
getch();
}
67
#include<constream.h>
void main()
{
int notes;
clrscr();
cout<<"Enter value for notes"<<endl;
cin>>notes;
if(notes>=1000)
{
cout<<"Notes of one thousands are "<<notes/1000<<endl;
notes=notes%1000;
}
if(notes>=500)
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{
cout<<"Notes of five hundred are "<<notes/500<<endl;
notes=notes%500;
}
if(notes>=100)
{
cout<<"Notes of one hundred are "<<notes/100<<endl;
notes=notes%100;
}
if(notes>=50)
{
cout<<"Notes of fifty are"<<notes/50<<endl;
notes=notes%50;
}
if(notes>=10)
{
cout<<"Notes of ten are"<<notes/10<<endl;
notes=notes%10;
}
if(notes>=5)
{
cout<<"Notes of five are "<<notes/5<<endl;
notes=notes%5;
}
if(notes>=0)
{
cout<<"notes of one are "<<notes/1<<endl;
notes=notes%1;
}
getch();
}
68
#include<constream.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
int choice;
cout<<"Choice one from following"<<endl;
cout<<"1. Inchs To Feets"<<endl;
cout<<"2. Feets to inchs"<<endl;
cin>>choice;
switch(choice)
{
case 1:
float inchs, feet;
cout<<"Enter Feets"<<endl;
cin>>feet;
inchs=feet*12;
cout<<"Inch(s) are "<<inchs;
break;
case 2:
float inch, feets;
cout<<"Enter Inchs"<<endl;
cin>>inch;
feet=inch/12;
cout<<"Feet(s) are"<<feets;
break;
default:
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69
#include<constream.h>
void main()
{
clrscr();
int table;
cout<<"Enter any table"<<endl;
cin>>table;
for(int a=1; a<=10; a++)
cout<<table<<"*"<<a<<"="<<a*table<<endl;
getch();
}
70
#include<constream.h>
void main()
{
int eng, sindhi, ps, science, drawing, math;
float per, total;
clrscr();
textmode(3);
cout<<"Enter marks of English"<<endl;
cin>>eng;
cout<<"Enter marks of Sindhi"<<endl;
cin>>sindhi;
cout<<"Enter marks of Pakistan study"<<endl;
cin>>ps;
cout<<"Enter marks of Science"<<endl;
cin>>science;
cout<<"Enter marks of Drawing"<<endl;
cin>>drawing;
cout<<"Enter marks of Math"<<endl;
cin>>math;
total=eng+sindhi+ps+science+drawing+math;
per=total*100/600;
cout<<"Total marks are 600"<<endl;
cout<<"Your marks are "<<total<<endl;
cout<<"Your percantage is "<<per<<endl;
if(per>=80 && per<=100)
cout<<"Your grad is A"<<endl;
else if(per>=60 && per<=80)
cout<<"Yoyr grad is B"<<endl;
else if(per>=50 && per<=60)
cout<<"Your grad is C"<<endl;
else if(per>=40 && per<=50)
cout<<"Your grad is D"<<endl;
else if(per<40)
cout<<"Your are fail"<<endl;
getch();
}
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Error reporting
.
1
.
345 .
Function clrscr should have prototype clrscr
.
.
Undefined symbol cout
.
)( Getch .
2
.
int main(); :
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3
.
it main(); :
4
.
5
.
clrscr() :
6
.
cout<Hello; :
7
.
cout<<hello; :
.
.
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