me pe Bhe 5 hy3.9 GS 2088 way sll te Spades bel OVI tl ALIS fe Sed Le oe sla! lee! ole bee sata yao it sae owl Le slay ge pW fade Sle 5) Olea A sh aaa wis Ser USE oe aS sate Able 9 a g2Sa Joe ML hale Le ge Fath GY aLe-5 ged Leb HS St sb) a 12 aoiS pata ‘oad calculation Seagalns 2 Pla sh Sele Fy Gilles alone IS gs ple SUl S sue dy athe Gos BE Das: Jobe jaish gag CMM getls 1 CLS Shige (25. jit pe ote age djl et aes $ is otaio cla Le 4 543 99-3 Hy deg Sas GY AUS bs $1.1 LSA) (Ventilation) 235 3) p+ gest 9 be JOSL(AIK washer) GT JEL pipe tl pV oe gb, $12 (Sy BBL pe I ee SAF Eb sible keg eu sl bid $13 Op Ale QF Ss ‘Air handing unit Sle (8 pe igo sade lel he bab S ae ale Pies ya cipal gave gpl eatlyantls gadgeca shy Se Nee A JED Gly S dels ee 9? ares fea Sig Fea pe ath ath Abs Jeb Ol BU a Le wid Ee a Lt SY Oley cash cl Side Ey A hele OY cogs soul > wa (I) gue sols oles EL Cag) Gite Lg sale Ug ay) asl S palo yo ULES silanes ape Ge isi ed lS spel foe Selb 9 855.59 peed Saghy 9 Culm aoe IE aly SL (Fegan) st gs yl ca pb Ofer ahs ob ye iS SMO ee pt ge ote Ip KE Cle Ug by bp enya boyd 9 S100 iF Oj Stays Sts iy Bye Ath gs (810 ad Gale Ge hoy sladde (104-110 Jacket AO) Sate 10% LN a poi RAE OS) ae IDS sheet UES 24% 521 hye gal oe gbe he Lt Sts de pS ea gy eae be ile aly Sol GE Sip ale Saas ea at pow wh etd ode cab, Dade bleu gtd s eeiS 9 a gby sOybe ary e+ Galps (Crystallization) 2 pullin 5 ys Wee 238 go wall pls es Gia les ol 5 OSS 5 ul 22 Fle a SI bey I SS ple ly elle egy alt Saal cal an SSeS aeb gM gil a aly le er sf abe Sel bale SHEKEL sagt ciel ap cle oul th 9 SY 8 33 9S ayes gal) OLE wed 2 AS hg la ty ly ALA 3 pe Ba jet Apc 2 Ghat SAIS Sty OS Stash aly tate WES Silas 3 AU RELY 5118S oo fh Ua Design considerations rhb blot sista Stole slaglle yale bul ob ly 3S ple al AR STA Sheed Oli 9 PIV Sle are y ca gby eS Obel aby OV petle oli y ayra jain yi Y dab snipe coal plagl S85) AL oT > 9 AS gs yee OT aL abi hy SIP) ee SS lps poe Ae de ofa ol lysate oe Gye bane cayby ctl oly lee te 92 OT ASL pee BL TiS ht Bay ole ee Sloe tl pence hy SBS ape cd planes dae SS I LS pe onl Sg pall I SS shy Jae Gi Sale Aare Laas Al a LT ule ae a Nya aye ge cosh Lal 5 ey pied abe Syne he 2 alas aby Gli Ue doy arb ha 28 ge le | 1, i (eliminatary Air ttteration system [ge 03,5 pli pee sera lgl la ys Glan slp S alee lye on lt 13 Lae cpl SASL ee Spd one 9 SE y SUE fe oslo BUD 5148 cla ald 2 Sige plas pe Se Sl ee Ber Bn rn tte cel (Fibrous) ap yee plage patil ghee alye Og 2 il py BL dp 1d Gly TST LAST its U3 cle S35 9Sieb As 2 eth Hs 99.9% (ultrahigh efficiency) sb} lw Sal; b gle ld -3 (OS 02-03) ath p ys Je Obi oy S (Seb Go) G8) BL athe sate Oleh Alb ee prenglie agde pp gilt CAI WS ob lyn ype plier 6 (SUF ly fibrous cle zi 43, (12.5-24 pa) 10.05" - 1" heel yee yj ed el Had Behm? 9h ty SS ote pals CNS Sy NE pte ence sSleslyar9S glass pi EAL» ALA SS cj he she 9 2S pee ahi ectle BiB Jove ys thy Soe PSN ty sys CT Cann cglncid 3 8 ps (oS ] rte 436 Glya op y2 650-700 fpm (3.3-36 ms) seihgiclyrnqen 000 © (Sebel) Aa 500 (25) (iy air washer 700 @5) Aj ule cep Lair washer 1500 (78) (high pressure a.w.) ep fas 400-600 (232) rap dlya sakes sleemes SOUTIOU (25-5) abl shay jes 700 (36) (gravity - relief damper) Unit heater pecs Gp GSU 5 5 IE) ate shloe phe Sates ye! PS Clee PLS aS ge WAS TY 5 abe Yb scl 29 Og Say Le shes Bay GE oe AA nord pee Gale che Gh 3 See ol ky eat te ld 10 SLi any a a to LS ca el shy aS Seley sly OT pe LIL simi Ey ors eo beeen od ew lass se Bleed lh cl dee ee pil SLEW ale ey AS 3) plz 3d Y yan) 29 $ gt at Che Bay Evaporative cooling Tb ds, 2 SSS pine age i hth ahlew (Ai washer) ya pe le Yo he pby dy ah als ile ep Sah yp Sahagt saath ye pate GLU bus Adee 99 heey pa Sen ny hey sat Aline met mo oe (Spa) etl 9 ays.ee (Nozze) ISU sale clad gle bane yet (Floater) 365 j2t Les (Make up) ig Sesh aAPY cabal ats nr Map GUN cy yay S1 5 a f+ (Continuous spinning) ie Shey PAY seh Boy pe Ip Hye ag sul + Sy ps (spinning) Sphning A el pees sack SU iy Stes Lele lt PSS Ey Oey AS AS 5 tle Jy athe 21 — th nS ppe Lele Sb Sale SUE dee gp! 2 ¥Opening , blending and picking) jae -1 Wyse 9 5 SU 9 dy hal de Sy pe SS! Op gp sae HN a pg Mie oT gad Si! 33) 5 IS pee the 2) Gack SUI Jee ee SIS er 25 gas Gil hb gee GUI abeye ul jo (Carding) Kya 15-2 a ee PM (SVEE) deh go p3 LS Sy yey 9 poo Lae SI 5) LS 4 ai (Cam) glass, ate Em elie wa tS cS ald de ade ye oul 2 (Lapping) JSV-3 pil p99 ep SBS Spe gage 9 (rll) 3 93 Sip gt Ca (CAM) Sty Ky 99 (AL pay ahd ALS SY 3 role ahcd ales gal ya :(combing) _ 5 Pp SGU Ley oy! 2 esi yy Gl Y opte ds yo out aly $y aig ge Lee gis oy yp Ugh GL! Parks esi Se ry pay GU ST 9 99 8 po Lae Al le at cor CaN) Be sarge WE oth PS abs gyateg abeys oul j3 1 (drawing) AS gable 4 Spt ge het il 9 aS sil Mulhouse Gi Eb Steet) Ab T ge 9 (Stra) Calls BI Sy pt ae (Site PS goths Upare dlays gts Roving Gangs -5 A gy8 A ype 92 pg AT S| ESS 5 ply (drawer) pict names (large bobbin) Syy slagey 62S Soe JIGS at ys lye oyl 0 Twisting 3b go -6 We hole Sia Sg adel obs y Aptgs obetS Tale Shy sap atthe (Pabric bag) el jl sks gla lil (Piber glass) 42.5 GUI j) as ele le (Venturi scrubbers) la 22 38 52 6a Gelatin oo is 28 33 [Miscellaneous Asbestos fiber Finely divided 018 024 026 032 nortan Silcagel S798 127 152 Materiak —Domesticcote 02 040 061 oat Activatedcharccal Seam activated 7 M3) 28 262 Sulfurieacid H,S0, so 497s 525Refrigeration S228 Joe ST 15) 910 2408 SLO play 3-2 ots 9 Ht (Engineered rifrigeration systems) 3 335 aiausso-3-4 Sau dbo pl S45-3-5 (System practice for halocarbon refrigrants) «yy ,SpJlb 340 ots lsS Al gI-3-6 (System practice for Ammonla) SUS y0T Spx» oSUs ihS Ag) 3-7 System practices for secondarycoolants (Brine) 4 p35 3S USab Joloee je SUAS! otungan-3-8 ‘Sppe oSbe 73 cayyleg JpEE-3.9 Sa angie 79 ih A gd hag JT -9-10 SaaS plage 79 NT ppb 3-11 (Evaporative refrigeration) «5 pads 2 p35-2-12 (Cold storage) ath.9 su0-3-13APY cial otis : Sagi ays BABY Sol Flaps lus sates SLY Gay gS ES Ae ele 4 gb 2 (2000 Id) a og tp tele ype (G8 I) IC AL de ale es WL A ays de ley pe Sp erp dln es set he ee gS Sil Sisal eas (Ce Vol Oi JS 03s00 & Ol Syl» Onalole b oI, Fuk @ Ot Slop Oy mare gars = 2000 Ib24 hrx144 Bialb = 288,000 Brul24hr 288,000+29=12,000 Buh Sle (3.52 kw) 12000 Btuh ely oy oo 2 Ws 95 Jiu -3-1 PS Cee pape poll fol (D) JSS ey ath 3 asus 2 orem 4 asl gly! 1 Figt BBG Sly eee 9 oly JUEE 2 ae le (1) aa 9 decree Serly 9 So Sp by yphals Blt ou cba, ort EBV Sip tess say yyesgaS aye ele (2) aa ys PEA ISIS 99 8 SSF Sot gee sty olin VE Aah gt ATES ae 9 ht 2 La) Sash ey Vb bh y9 Ly yp SUS aps ale (3) abv 2 sete ble! et ly ye Sp lel gle clley y dee (eat et om, Kebbel ype) 09 So ace bil uy aS OT hg stabs pL ty ut 1 5o a tyll e S sree Ming calle 5h a acl WS asd go GUL ghylal yo WS ole Le By SSI IK ph opt ge ete pltl bey aT 2p Tialsh 9 bl eb Lag Cod plat! lt cle Sane ay Ula cde Ky) ad if jay clbey 9 us fhe 1 Sed agp otod pth jy ay dey PLB oll 4 Sl he sy GB ba Ih cule gl Sab oule dpe etl gg GI! desowe jo Se ens 99g LS gs wl oth Foyle eye yaad gy I jl ayy nal Sal ga SUI y thus yo SIS SHV LS 2) opt pltlgle eg has MU Ls UpLsl SND Salm si rte Se OE sled dee pasha as AT g2 pyle cy got pla 2S go ape elery Pe mutiple compressors “jpoeguesaR NET Bete tah ptt on BOK S 4200 HP aj aS) 2p ge 35 Two speed compressors it pas 99 clo gun puas-2 Dj a ped bBo pce ous SL S spe S opal 939 (75-20 HP slope ee $) apt pS 30% pS cae pe Wy ai 5 Ah, 1800-3600rpm, aaa cylinder Unloading pala 98 Ged sgt 3 (esp 58 la lsh pr OS myles 30 Otay bina TSLOOHp 51 ay prseaS gy! nage Hot gas bypass gaa ga Sle JBowsobel- BF HALT ds HS po SHOR BIS pe rte ety a ge Ie SS Glas tn apes 3 GyLe Toenail ae Qe LMS goles Sent a opt ge oglelsd aly 9 ch, LS! Dae cole Oe) apg SS pe ES ae sles! EE oh Sk ee OS eb Ul Sule gabe ot OSD ap hgh Wal ech Fig? oy eh DUE Sol eS St B) IRE Squda ples place -2 Centrifugal refrigeration machine sy L000 Ly 100 5) gd dele UO phee gpl SJB ti pb go act (350 kw- 35 Mw) Le Spb tLe clay th ys Sol) Se Sila bay: oS So Byte Coke (Package) gS Oy pa 37 1300 25 5b es thy led nl oy US ate cheb 5s (field erected) 45 y3. p+ assis DLL) dhe onl Sei Sbs (4H) JSS Loy -3-2 bp lille phy Toes oe che Sale mabe fle Huet WS ate Eb eg by ee Sylhe Stig geass ian aes Slagle Reciprocating refrigeration machine Spt ele sy pegS lade 2 Centrifugal refrigeration machine S99 Sapte S Slbdy 3 Rotary refrigeration machine 13) glade 4 Absorption refrigeration machine Sem Garr S heat jy Sy ep ileal apy DE sy peaSUluT » S(Open ~ Type compressor unit) 22 9 Sick pS bases yc 0 sine 9 athe Anne j Leah fees pee S ty ed bees pity GUE 3 a9 pax SN 4S Hermatic compressor) iy 2 pa WoL S aS isla Nb didas SK yo cnr Laptlen 9 Ld pn a9 ra 2S gape bl ae ape IE 5 Beal) at gts, Se pe et EF While sl ea) UR Ob = bins oS sl. (Semihermatic compressor) cared cl see SoUb OF Ole ge eae lye 2s ttl Ot Jb LE 28 Gye keg hte Ll Zl Bp SEL (0.09-149kW) weal ty 1 873 be) 50 (Hernatic) an ple - ((15-18.68W) 2-15 HP yy ppaS') opt ge 5 1(298 kw) 400 ee eet 200 ch Gel S dole (Semi Hermatic) ou oi gs ((2.24-75 bow) 3-100 HP ye aS spree SL) se 11400 Le (open ~ drive) 3h ps (15-112 kw) 2-150 HP mee Baer Sel he ys SBI AS AS UL Wsleg 35 Ub pS yb 4 wo IL Gay Bob ptt les ib the see OSB pad Ob Ge waasdLef Glapsines dae eSiS a (hod alsWPVY cals tis Discharge ender Diekarge ae retnan weore EY a Discharge ah charge Scion vate Eavalizing Pigtn ft feat ain cones acre \ Hoh Gi meena / eae ve : Removable Stator Cr OiPressue Purp prorat £1 shown to Relief a or ase) Z, vets tna r WY I4 i ilCharge: Deep Probe ie Q per een ora ave oiSialner Mgggtecal \ “OPO Sea Oil Supply to Plugs ne rankcase Of Stare O8 — Sion Fig3 Bolted type field serviceable eight-cylinder hermetic motor compressor. chiiea brine ou cited 1 Retrigaront ue Retngerant vapor ig 4 Flow diagram for typical centrifugal refrigerating machine, (Couriesy of Carrier Corporation.) * Sa rr Suction St08 Yale Suction Starner: Rotor Separation ‘Chamberaps Ww deb [pan Sb S18 aoe ag er sggad Cg Ue peAl gynce MnO IF See Soaguys gly a concenser Fig7 Vane-npe rocary compressor. pp obs OLS by a ere Gal GE B) IS - Cae EO Sgp8 2 Se SE Say ayy gst aa 9) 9 ea oo! 5S IE Aba ae SOUT Se 2S gp yas Ns LS ow pelea gs OLE 5 pe ea tl EG BO) IRE {kis eas A Gd wi ees ge gab all Ie So pel Slee Ge abee 9) Monde ya Ape a gt A Sl eal SS day as wi Sjooy oy Clad BLE or yay een Semel) Talley aS pigs onl Sol3 Soper pha Sable 9 J AS paces She or Be ihe Gohl Shes layla Spd ge bln LAS 23 apes Opp Si AI IS) 2phS 32 pays Le DS High-condenser-pessure Shy PVG aas her aly Reset oes ype LS Nabi IE gape Les Sl OS bi pS Ny! cle Sle easly soso AS pe MS cathe a LE le at J Uke oil sped b 5s spread Bn (5) SE Seely sph shee onl 1S Arild) ISA oe sl Mire yy clu Sj JF WLS et Saye gle eh ceed 33 hls Uke ool seucet (Beomomizer) la jeje ys dt Jol bd > ys 2S Sad ee Le std se 13 (HRN pressure float vale) daa ge LS pb eb ceed sy le godt ab STL cand gle (Flash vapor) 296 ploy ype gle jl ety Se ele PM lot St ol Sot ee aS pall Spe Ali ayy wt SE le fps Sale ype CPS JB 5b I ope AS Cov Or de wee 5 he SAE Ate le Suh tots tt be Sige ba 2 ae Oa a Sgn pile gla phe 99 Sed BAS Bt epee phd ds Ugh 99 SB ES PS RE 9 EE Pa ome 99 SayS pe tll sree phe Es ASA AUB 9 age pS Stay Jad gle habe HGH C2 ay Je cae sutGs wll L bolo pata batpLe, Apdo o2%jj2 Hols YG 53899 ag eb she -S Rotary refrigeration machine pd ge le 2) aller gel» by Slax Rolling piston Sub ye Rotating vane lus Eg Helical lobe (screw) oa Seroll ee tana OLE) She py pe eG) [Ro - Sale pre Sot ple Ne AS gl pee Sl BS gt aS ole K els 2 22 |, (Becentric shaft) ag Sa jody 2ylo poled abe SY yo jute apie baal pee Be EMS Se deo cael Gala 2 tthe Uo aed Jb sp WS agt tae bye Wy th I es Keg tb iS go Cla ge 9 tom 9 LES Co yh Sly cal 2 aa OLS) lake pee (7) JRE Se EFWPYY casts tis redP de Fig 6 Blade-ype soxary compressor.APYY cial tis Cel Sule 3 LAS) 035 eS Cooler freeze protection switch wale eye Sly Sgt fae Ole ey Ks ads gd \ are AAMAS oll i 3 PS ASH) wae Low pressure freeze stat ilplsly3 Gs 15 JS ES) ats pli A> jl plat fb Lad Sl als yy es ty hey) ho OO tb SH 1S ge Apel La pepe tt Mba Flow switch qos So ee ISI ie ee SAS yi! PM 9S NET cg 5) gow Ls 095 Ga HS elie Spe a ans yo y at ole! Ol oe Fo glen ps Bele ype Ss S oS = S15 CTaly chins iopaee Lin Motor overoad protection gi gab slab set pos hee I pagel cole anya SI ag / AS gs hil, Sosy Sak GN pte sinc bli lian La he I pie 2 jah SOS Sale dy jd gence Wiha Anny Scroll Gas Flow Compression in the scroll is 2 3 ‘As the spiral continues to orbit, the gas 's compressed into an increasingly smaller pocket. ‘The open pessage is sealed off as gat is drawn into the spiral 4 5 ‘Acwatly, during operation, alt six as passages are in vrious Stages of compression at all By the tne the gas arrives at the center port. discharge pressure has been reached. times, resulting In nearly con ‘inous suction and discharge Fig9 Gas flow through the scroll compressor during the compression proces. (Courtesy of Copeland Corpor ration) (ples rae cele ght) shyla» peter MS pS? jiaie 3 gle LS _ Fs (Low Refrigerant perssure soutch) BS ahh ge GY spre lSigg! ob pS oath ps ape go Reset SL gl ysl Off pressure contro! Pailidase pS sabe lis Agee Na gueypbs0 gh ay AS gig AS) 2pbp Reset eo yy AS yh AS go gly ype ea oy SLL (Semihermittic) np Ly pe aS ly bd lS yt rine) Pa ae ple shay eS) apt ge et (Open (4, eyesawp deb Oshyyojal eslaylag -3-3 Absorption Refrigeration a) tance OLE Ly opty al pheeme Se (LS ks (10) JS slay) ja she Seal AS be he a spol UES Sa 39 (Absorbes) 15551 » Evaporator) Shh yA S15 (Low - pressure side) pan NU thi Cg 52 4S (Condenser) p.iluS (Generator) jlo 43 (High-pressure side) = ‘CONCENTRATED SOLUTION (Ll, BR) [DILUTE SOLUTION (U BR) SIE Miveo SOLUTION (BRI REFRIGERANT (WATER) (CHILLED WATER | ‘COOLING WATER STEAM OR HOT WATER Fig12 Watersithium bromide absorpdon sytem. (Courtesy of York Corporation.| sat le eS AS Sgt JS pec ool 9 Ula stig (Absorbent) 23Le JL~ $i» » Refrigerant) es wrasel asta 4 ails JI ace low Dlr get Sle ose jean tl ge pS oy Toe ager 9 ath Abe yay! 4 hae 9 a1) ¢ wal el th Sy patil IS ty (10) JS gar el Bhatt pot Geb 5I yeep S ogee sees IVY US be 4345S 55 pS JUL 5 (Expansion valve or restrictor) SN pS LS yo Sy allel 2 pee le tis bo olall Oe apa e l S Nee TO Ole de US posit sal Lage SGU Lape soe emt oo gaye aye sb 199 le apes ie itr wale hee anh 2 aaa y ily vale J pln Seat) syle sells! hej Sap wl Sp IF shisha eS ae IT pS Slang bot ulema stin Je ile vale y age enka J glow lary FA ee key yg eb Pai see Le Sh 5 Ad Be a ee ake 9 iS Cyl (Mien shy) pT Ss phe gly abel sibw 9 opty Lae ile sale 9 (og 5195 LES iI aS ppl LS Oy) ar et 5 ye Sa gash Sh ajla age ya ayes ale pS UES ile Hayly (OS ge ile naa! ele LBs bb 5) So AL apt Oe Sal pall 32 aye wale Jey a Se 39855, (Gla) IAS 5 agg (pclae Pash) WS gg JK babe IS Se SS gl Ty Sha Spe sly ba JS UD JS ago LES (Gil wale Ol gay Ty 2p sole lg prc) cpt eT Ile lps bl Sw (12) JE sp LES (Gale wale olen Gi gaye ale Dh gp 1500 LG 3p 100 5B SN basset clade ip ga cele B25 ew $280 bev)WPYY cabal ats ' | fs ] i _— Tau lecchanger all er ee tal ol Fig it BLS Oy 99 Culm anys film Ls Concantration limiters IPS dee SRS EMT OS ses S) AIS yy! Se Bape SIS AS a) pie EL ot Qa lade ads vile aloud JES § Skt ey hey (0 at Vala ilps 8) PU 93 Sula trys gj LAS Sle Ips Fint stage generator high pressure temperature switch We oes te Sy gli} 52 lb y yp arse SIS yl Fe ph mF I ROH AS ye Qh L) pow ayy ZL that Alarm poy Ney Stee MF cshls SUS g Glals pla b pate atl ge Rupture cee yl Slab pat Le a OTE 3 pe ge nat 2 Fl} 2 Url jl pao AS coli L853 ah251 Ammonia-water absorption system. crea she le 9 J pit panes IAS CS se glared 1S Bie LK, dao og Wiebe Jsilgll abe js ldo Ls Low temperature cutout switch PS edd i ade yglylyleeys Sota gl ed Kabel aTReset Spo gtplt by go opt Chiled water flow switch apeol gepeali (A pW soa hAday dd Tye Suk > $i Shey Reset Sis Syl b be op Ss ly Cooling tower flow switch SKS on wep sli (TL ol) SRS EIT Be SOs Fi Reset Ay LL dep ant pS dt Lay gh Lea eel Sabslotrs sap a pb a $B 0 (1) Jd ble Ll hig ae rips dae gs bald olaly TL Ugh Sigy GUADLS Ug ead pats Sogn 4S sll aly ceed os S poli SIDI g Ely, Ge, Oba} Saal Fg ells Sonn eo dae p> Sslhde Bhjgy Obj wp SIS Bye LL eala Chea (gag y gh ele ge eb Sapte Leal oes oy ‘Tablet Defrost Method Hours of Operation Per Day Air 16018 ‘Water orbrine Dow Hot gas wm hectic 0102 ‘System selection pe Cel setae p25 Elyil 12 294 Spine (single stage compression) (Biel Sy (aang d (Feonomized compression) »,.+.sbe sAsas ull pine 2 (Cascade) (Multistage compression cascade) Bley ay nee 3 yh 93 peed Ble Ky pine ppl Bi jpop Sisal Sv abla eas yl poe nll ge bled pt EL ISD gp Stig al) ages valine ae vale yd po gf LN este aye vole Slash, ning, tll pe (Rotary screw) gree Slag zed 5) pane pee Lo? bo peopl aaa pbge wl! (Cemtriugal) 598, le Ls (Sub - cooler) sl SSF Salas eee gles sab aoe SE Mle a pee ihe aed ap piideds adeg Sigh sees Ith SF gaat cab ae gle Syl > toys SA bil Gp Spee Sie see ae Ls le 2 he sphige vsti! cp Sella 9 Sigal) 2p alge IS pe sliders Siz pimem wa Sg SB valibel Saye peepee SSN the pee gel? Se tule spre Gilles ee ee Bp 39 A Ss Wy) elu -34 Load considerations Say shy Sie dae S25 Sana sta Jb Cee alle eet dd pee oe AB sean yp Sy tl ge 5 sale ape onl sls ot bh kia cle 4 alee oul) pe eS eal gaat y lalta po glory WE sly 9 tl Heat leakage wie Uy glee 9 Ys epee Sule Core file Sib 5) pals Salm cal Ah ed heap 50 She abe SIs 9 Lt y Leb be cyl eee DS! Athy lye Sed a lyasibenil 5 OpeeNay! 3 Product load Ips Geol saps bigs wi EA pe jul f Bp sltte te tihe plik sly) bey Baye Culp ere a lel bb o > (gil UL, spel Bede ks Freezing) of 33) hole oie LS Fale ob Sl chatas oad ope shy 92 HOA hej eee Internal vonsible heat epee cule al hes Get Ses close aie ke! Jet diay hee ya bole Chae 9 filam 9 Skene Glin}) Gye hares Syl > (ai Sie shah AB Se ype ee GIB pe pe are otal thay pet apes Frost contro! ore thole oJ gph ghade gel Bly Ear (Detrosting) paige Jes SS as 2 BSE apeh NS asl9 63! Sit pet lly Ope pe EleAPYY cals cis nm GRAD apy jy cayS Jo eased 2 ya (Cascade) oe sie (Cascade) 4a y3 pp goal ys jp R502 gR-22 ae ¢ vasa ig 15 Imternally-Compounded Two-Stage Compressor ‘with Intercooler sak, p+ (Cascade) .¢ Ss» (Compound) 9p aeesge Saha Jal a geeyeS Jl oot 8 pcan gal 9 SE OLS Sle wey 3 29S 8 pte apts Al Il SUS A bys Obed he ep ee Sth GI edd td bES al idiot! Gepegdlnazeupadlion hye poses oo) JS 389 Aadays SLL pee gal tha(13) 1S, (1S) JS aa Santas SLSI sly SS 5h lial dri Se paleo ie Sh Sllley 9 pam edna gs LES saad ola Cascode alba 99 mee Tyas Se AS bile apy Mie jhe 38 gee sl hed pm ol TMG JS) Lt ge 6 S9 ly plas eS Hae dal aptlala a2 nays Marys 489 pt ge eallza ll pe ath sical lS le elas ee Je 9 Osu pee ld (17) JS Bl dey 2b pepe AIy ple ey oS Aaa ge QUEEN, lala pe pe SLL Rotrigerants ot lye 22 y1BBA 513 912 slaaylas jasjbe aya sly oo 5 Pay ASR-503 a es sale Le peas (SLs gal) 717 49 503 5 502 y 429 HNL. 150? I 100° os 9 ess Ls Glaptnee 3 3 F297 peas Ui dbp 9 1Reciprocating (slay y- jaS Hot gs Hot gas : ‘cond voter cooled) ET Low st ar Eraporater _ ROR f ow sags ca (otrig.ceoee) ‘suctot tow stage (booste a ‘comp High ete ‘ome. Fig 16 Cascade system (two-stage). (Courtesy of Carrier Corporation.)ry ~ Figt4 Various ypes of gas and liquid intercsolers, (a) Direct staged sytem — open, fashaype intercooler. (0) Direct saged sysiem—closed,shellandeoll ype in- cooler. (0 Diet staged system—dryexpansion intercooler. (Courtesy of Ca rier Corporation) aad abrr APYY cobs cutis Seonal Tiere vapor care 77 Methane S Se Tretia var ra i = = = ma _ = favia centigat la | La ee = = == rash coders = FIG 17 Threestage cascade system employing methane, ethylene, and propane in tic lo,inrmesne nd highvogenropecie (Counenet career Copeeaion)se Pa rir (Reciprocating) eee ell (Single stage) sep Se (Oil - free) ae ® (ry olinder) St le (Rotary vane) sibs ps2 (Helical rotary serew) eee? (Centrifugal) pled (Single - stage) gil Se (Multi stage) sibp ee Se OS Fir Sipe eae Fel SSB Eo pe ash ail 352 ye EP aL Shp india 9 AS ADL pe glans ate pa g sins pe Sali ee KB we Siva Je (pS) dalabey oy Sy BE Lo ga | 2k) tp dhe Sle gS fie Ub | WS gob j jlade epee opts oll ge by Ey cle SLL) POs pe AS IIOM 5 aS Sosy b SEL PIAL! Sl atp lin! 2 J atin 2 Oil fee) Grae ey Se eS! wopbagly Gey HAST spe al 2 Sat, olin! ep ar WS p ab bole nh oot 63p— ale JS LGR) aad owe LL 9 J SOR MU is pl) SEs slo (Ob GS 45 on Spe spe 9 OLE IL) Sle Oe te le sas lal 9S hg gb Gls pe Condenser spoils! dete SH eae fs SS oo Se sl yl S Palas eng coy pjlee le Riya WSaay of oll aul Wy poled BLY Cl ns BLAS ale ply ale Ly al Sha pa yea ee Ce i pie S ally poh g OS gw 3 USI 2 She LES NAS ae ge Sab ls OLS ES tile Ms ILS gal jo 9 ws Ss be gly wha ath gs pe Slag cle phe gutter AS de al pS ad 5 ty Slo ny ga al S plosl Ll8 pl gee ale sls ls (Air - Cooled) 3h gla yi ey tS So y3 eSL (Evaporative) 5 he » (Water Cooled) BY OS Goyer See se sl Ot Biel Gees ea DLL WAT leet Spay ape ale a2) Js 51 SS asia eles SSI Gelet B) Uyke ys pane ag scl asf Hedy serene Oley Oe b ISD pee Sop oe Fab pt 5 5 Sle (pa yt 0 STAN Sag babe gape al ye elm pattheen 6 1IS By 0S (4) Sse aes ge IL Melayu SS) Jae (6) Jayde 3 taags SLES |) web oe she ay haa go OLS bes Gap st age alee Wyman gy (0) gtr Taina ge 1s ae Van | we | | aie | POE 48 Mo} mile] 2) oe) s | te) = | S| a] | a | | = si | | ~ toe | ie | eizi | | S| | & te fate] | Slelie) | m2) | wo} pgs cana Rao TTS aise Shnonheon prepote hr atin ASHRAE Sacre 34-1982 Table 7 Appropriate labrican’s for use with various trigerams. POE = Polyel ester AB = Alkylbenzene MO'™ Mineral oil. PAG = Polyalkvlene glycol eet ty Ele aye he oo Ue tle 8) Jade aaa gs OES GS > ey tlh GS sae belt Dles Q) Spier ns ge DUS SAE lS alae Refrigeratior Equipment 309 pine Shut Preset AB phe ELe go ay pees hy Uy per geeS ils yl hesIVY cabs ais rir tg ale elgl e p bls LST ole abel Boy ae Evaporator aplyls! cle ee BL ot Sable hth ashy vo ge gt bares y2 a3. p abou ae LEG WS a pgs 5Salel SAAS Sih Ae) Hl AS IE ay Cony oe ey bE ely 58S re ore Se tL GY ee Fe JI baa AS 2 Ath AS Saag ers ee A LR It 8 oatlylal 2 JL Sl oS pla see eS 4 aslabl 23h 3 pane Ole GHIBI? wld wl pT cary ee ceeme Oh ep ate | psi LAs 21 5120 psi Us Se psi U8 ib y ASUS psi Ls $1 y Uk gs tbat 5% 3 29 pe ls AIH 25% JUS game Ob pe oye pt ano apt AS Sosy ous de p pS LL Lal SS aN IE pene the gL Sil 3 gS ot ht LI Receiver 1) (he Se pS UR Sips Hayy Spt pl 3 SAE IE 9 Sy hl ape sls Sapte at yey 3A Sip 32pS Al) Saul is Lj Sly La gla sh FES geste us, Bye gol ot yp ula Gl oe Lg Slat he page O28 pe foe ponent 9 6S Syet tale Gael BLS oy Ole yo 3 hag a sy! s! OE Ce Sham ores ea S eae Ub oe Sop pee oe ory 2 ele Sy pa get bel gap gt a aha er Subcooler eethsl SS 5 graye jLE lwo ~ Stage) haley yo slope 32 Nes P I A ee ob SU Se erp yp ees Wap SS pit te ale tens id yt 2 HS pre 5 Sp Ssle 5 prem Olt talpil sly Wy Leas S oad lad SKE SS yyy JI JS GY sey ap ap NE ans AE gale ea Gl city aye ER SRE W yylltS del ep 0S 6 Spe Hs TUL gyle bye Say S ge Ii O15) oly ila gle ok > plas Bath Sp, oles shh AS eeria Pa ‘Table 2. Standard Designation of Refrigerants (ASHRAF Standard 34) etrigerant Chemical Name oF Giemical | Refiigerant “Chemical Name ‘Cheniet Nember Compostion (3 by mass) Formola Number Composition % by mas) Formula Mettane See Taotropes (Continued) 10. teracMoromehat caboa acai) CCl, AIBA R-29022218 67520) {1 tehleromoromeare con ame RBONIAIB ISN) . 12 Gihlerodieromettane con, BOA RiaSi4tu Sea 458) . {201 bromechlorotucromethae carci, 405A RDYISDa/42NCUR (ASTI S25) 1282 dibvonodanromethane Cerf, GGA R-22/600/142 (55441) 13 Hloruituoromahase carr, Aaa RD/12S/134a(204040) 1361 bromtrifuoromethane cerry 407B R-0/125/349(107020) 14. terafuromethae (carbon evanuonse) CF, ame Remis/iyeaav2ss2) 20 ichloromethane (chloroform) crcl, 47D R-AY/IDS/I4a19/15770) 21 chlroforomethane CHL OBA RuIRS143u22 (746447) 22 chlorodtuorsmehane CHI, SOA R22/124/626 (6072515) er bromndifuoomehase cHBer om weaz/i2aten (632510) 23 ttvoronemane cary Hoa 32/135 6050) ) 30 deNloromtane(methyene chloe) CH,Cly $108 RANIRS A815) 31 Mloraftoronettane cH AIA Ro12TORDIS2a (9975110) 32 Gfiuoromethane methylene Muedde) CHF; alte RIZNODDISIa C94) 40 GMloromaate (met! eboie) ase Sina Rez218/420 7005725) 41 uorometiane (met Puoride) nr Aseotroplc Blends (% by mass) ; 50 methane on S00 R.12/1S2a(738252) i Ethane Series 30h R-22/12 (75.0225.0)* THO. bexachlorethane coiccl, Se RAINS 4BWSL2) 11 penahlerofvorettane coxceye Soy e219 40.1599) 1 12 Tnaztarehlow 12 dtueroshare — COWECG,F | Sta RADINS ABYSLB) 112s 1 12terachon-22-dfivroehate CCCI, sas R121 RON2D® qi 113 L12aneiloo-t22anfuorethine «CCFC, | 506 RSI/L4 5517449) 4 113s LL Laneilow-22:2enfuorethane CCCs 507A Reizsiasa ors) 4 1a) 12m: 22euafvorocthare Soe RAVIL6.39/51) \ [14a 1, 1-dichloro-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethane ORB -R-2W116 (46/54) ' [1482 12-dbrame1.12.2tetnfluorachase — CBRR,CEXF | SIDA R22M218 4456) i 115 llowpesafuonetane CIRCE, | Miscellseoes Orgenie Compounds ! 116 bexaluooetane cy yarocarons 120 penscoroatane Gickect ‘a0. buane CHICH.CHCH, 123 Ba-deno 1.1 rinooronthase Gackcr, {03 __2-nethy propane (sdbutane) HICH), 1234 12atehorot!2oroethane CHCECAF, | oxygen Compounds " 124 2h, 2teanflureehase Gicrcr, 210 yl aber Horst, 1241 Vshloro-1,122tetatneoemae cHRCCry tt tty oman Nebo, 125 peatfvorocbane HEE, | Sujte Compaunde 133s ehloo-. 1 /iopoehane cH.CICR, 20. (Reserved for fue signer’) 1 erator CHECK, | Nitrogen Compounds 1402 1.1. Laelroetiane (methyl eoeforn) CHSC, 30. methylamine ccryt 1815 Lsenero-t-boonettane cclret, 1 eiytanine SN, 1425 chlor difvorsetiane coikch | tmorganie Compounds 14 |. Hntuoreetane Gh, oz hydronen % 1508 ‘LL-dicharoethane Hoc, yo hai He 1528 [otiuroetane GHECH 17 ammonia Nib 160) chlroethane (ty hide anene we water Ho 170 hase auc, 70 nem Ne ropane Seri RB hivogen N: Fleca I 3ichoro.1223;3hexafhoropropane CCIF,CF,CCIF;| 782 ogee o LE ceaoopmpae oe Wo yen a deseb 12 pewatoreprepase crycr cH, jaa chon diode co, 390. yropane cHicHict, | 744A nirows onde Xo ytic Organic Compounds 764 Sulfurdioxide 50; CHG 2dr 123444. Caches Aeratuoreeyciitane I edtec:22aifluorcethene ca,=cF, C217 chlrohepaucoeyelobutane cr, 1a hlro-2.-enueretene caFecr, C1 scaNucrerclonutne Ch 1114 terafWorethene Cc Zeotrople Blends (% by mas) 1120 tehlrocexe cromccy “G0 RIL/IIS (mst be speed) 130 edihtrostese oan) Gici-ceh SIA R2z/isew/i2a sts) 132 1 tuerotone (vtyiene Pde) CECH, foie ayisaae unin 1140. chloroetbene (rial chore) cHoeci, 401c Rayisa/2e sansa, Nt ueroshese (ny! fare) CHP=cHy dma 13575072 028) 1150 ene (even) CH=ctly 4018 _R-125/5072 (8/260) 1270 propeve (propyene) crycees “ite enact componton ha mcpe a goonWY leat ats rs Table 3 Physical Properties of Selected Reftigerants* Baling P (NBP) a Freesing Criueal Critkal Criteal Refractive 14496. Polat Tempers: Prennre, Vole Index ef Composton (5 by mess) psa FF tree F ping Fala “ISE1 None —asoa 39a) 0am ToT (NAP) SaaT A Hydrogen para m2 ama 187505097109 (NBPY ‘Hydrogen, normal 430 4345 1908 05320 1.097 (NBP)5791 A Neon “109 “iss 31 comIs — aroren amé =Med 4919 casos? 1.205(89K) 3883 A ae a8 S489 00510 5463005007 Ma Aigoe 300.55 7049 00RD 1.233084 K) 5889 A ‘ 72 Onygen aman 1314 003673. 1221 92 K)5883 A 30 Methane «731 00% 14 Tearalvroethine 5300286 N30 Biylne 34220070 1364-148) ‘TA4A? Nitrous oxide 1048 0.0355 10 Ebane 7098 00880 R233 40.1599) cos : Trftorometnane rola ooait Chorstituromeshane S6k 00277 L146 THE Certen donde 10700 0042 1195158) 13B1 Bromotriuoromethane S18 o2is_1239(7}¢ Sou REDIS (HEIST. 8 is1s 05 coms 32 DiNuoronettane Tas S65 a03T26 125 Pentatucroetane isis ean 270, Propylene i972, 6703 oor 13640 (54)! Soa! 22/115 (488512 i799 $910 002s 290 Propane 2061616100726 1397-43) 22 Clloreduoromethane 14s 72190305 11S Chlorpestatuoroetane S947 oR) 1221077 so Relaisza 73.862) @i3 00m3 } 719 Ammonis 17.08 157 O06t 13250612) 12 Dichloroifurometane n09 9690271288077} 13a Tarafuoroethane 102.03 ses 00% — 1Sta_Difvoroehate 605 200019 4 Mains chloride 108 $687 0044 124 Chlornerafteorethane bear po ie Isobuone 3291 aoms asieci9! 76 Satur dioxide 143 0.0306 142 Ctlorodituoreetane 598 00% S30! Mest anine 1082 1422615) an as 0x9 a0238 rH Cito 056 $507 0072 1 Dichorottatucroethane CCFC, 363 os 21? Dihlorofuoromethne CHOKE a8 15331500087 7 16@ Ethyl chloride CHCl 5.32 169) 7644 0.0885 31° Ethylamine CHIN, alee yond 135 1 Tretloronuermetnane cei as 639300289 123 _Dichlovorifeoresthane cuelcr, an jam 91287 616 Mes formate HO. 2 a2 7000459 \4lyDehlrotuoroeane corcHy 36S ise Stet Etnytetner M3 171212 $2907 13525168) BH 2x Detlorotexctoropropane S26 1927 3300399500279 208 Metnylene chloride i tors 142 4585882 144s (6a)® 113, Taehlorrifsreetane cclrecir, me a4 eo oom Last 1308 CHCI=CHC 18 -58 40195 120 Trehlorouhylene cHCI=ccl, ipo 90 are68)> 118 Water 4,0 an _70518 1200 cows ae Jom ASURAE remamaic Peper oie erate 1986) Maken sr (56) (en Nc Linder (190) unleashes noted Tejera ef measremen! (Flew kevin ed) shown i puenteses Da NERC Handbont of Chemyand Phys ERC 198) vale erin ote, Se ein Dline Maheon Ga Data Book (1968) Bketechencals Deparment, E duPont de Nemours & Co ‘maleun 402 duPont 1980, ‘Hk of Cems (1961) ERC and of Chemists and Per CRC 1987Oe a Cynder Chonioat 2 Color Number] Rotigerant Name composition : Orange Dirt | Tiehoromenotuormmethane | CFC 1 wte DB) s2 | denorodinvoremetnane | CEC dq Ll} At3 | Monechiortrituoromethene | CFC a Bromotituoromemane | CFC o Nonechoredtoremetnane | HCFC 5 Titluoromethane HFC cre ore Lg gay = Hore | Ghiowieranvoretiane | HFC Medium brown Ml] R125 | Pentauorotnane | HFC or Tan a Light (Sky blue) [)) A-134a | Totraflucroethane HFC Used in the automobile industry and refrigeration Systems in resdeiialcommertial ard West! Comired ME nav1a | 22+ R522 +R-124 | Zeororic Mustard yetow (| Raoie [R224 R152 +A-124 | Zeovoric Blue-green (Aqua) 0) Raorc |22+ A522 +A-124 | zeorope Lignt town Ml Raoza |R2z+A-120+A-290 | zeoropie Greentrown — | Roze | R22 R-125+A-200 | Zeororic orange D| rao |rizs +risca + Atota | Zoovoric Lgntgrey green KB] raosa |.22.4 R.1420+R.6008 | Zeoropic Used fo R12 ett Brohtoreen | Rac7a | Raz R-1254R-124a | Zeororic Used for 502 reott cream | rao7e |nae+ a5 + Zeoronic Used for 502 retro Ctocdate bown Ml] Rao7c | R924 A125 + Zeorope 7-22 replacement Violet BB) aaioa |ae+ A126 Zeoropic Feplacementrfigorantinresioetal a corona spleatons. Yelow CO} rs00 | retrgerans 1sennz | azeoropic Used with reciprocating compressors in indus ard ccammorial apphetion® Light punta MBN] 502 | Rtrgorants 22/115 Aoarople ‘Supermarket raezers ard rofigratod cases. Aqamamne — | -505. | Retrnerants 23/10 Azeotrepic Teal 1B) 507 | Ratrigorants 125/1438 ‘Azoatropic Replacement rerigerant for low-temperature ‘commercial retrigeration applications. Sire CD) a7 | ammona Inorganic Compound | Used in arge reciprocatng compressors and sbeortion ype syetoms CRlarotaocaroors = CFE Tycrcivcrocarions = HFCs Hycoctioroiorecaibora = OFS ry ‘Table4 The most commonly used refrigerants, with their color codes and typical applications.| WPYY lee ts ra Baling Fore atamaspheris | Reftigorant Application frassune FeO) "gh Temparore af e-c) Fits | Used loweacaty certo packaged unt fr commercial cenconing Sechng At sea or waht ovary Srp Manne Gye ongran Operas very ww pressures andiigh gas dures. 75°F 24-0) 11 | Used incor.’ packaged ust somewhat ighe sytem pressure and capac than 357s une ma soconcary seosmtn lloras tyre an trans Pet me 82°F 0°0) ize | Reacament for many R11 seen aor F114 | Used inhi cxpacty mutstae cortza end etary systems opera at nrmeda 2 pressure and dsplacemert; 10! ‘heat transfer in solar water heaters; and io reduce ravorctor pari pron ear Meclur Temperate “290° 12 | Fomey me most wy ob retigwrantor ai consorng ae reigeraton was pena rerigean for tmetve searing area) Fetske | Repacement fo many F-12 applcatons, Princo restcamant br F-12in the atonotre ‘eat “21° (20%) 500 | Usedinplae ot R12 rere pac the same compressor apacement. san toeovope 12 and PO Sia (28/200) wo aia 0) 22 | Unudinaircondsners arch up or mide! and commercial spoons ac "regan yrs Chron ge pees alow mores Sapo 20400) soe | Used insupomaraat roars ard vtigeaiod cases, Operating st ower comprsor Aiscrarge lomcoraures than P22, poviges lower compassion ‘ates and decarve ‘omporsies xd ger capt “52 (47°0) 507 | Replacement er low: andmedun-tomperatreappicaons. Used a a repecoment br abe ne (58°0) 128) | ead inmaun te lowtemperatr apleatons wih ne ow sages of compres Conpand'» 22h proves lover compression aos an dachae rtperere tod ror cacy Tow Temperatire =109-F 706-0) nie | Usa epeciay low-eporaireaprcstors. a8 82-0) Fra | Usedtnprouce overt tonporatoe se ow at — 10°F (7070) ht ow tomparare Sg es trae ens flerpoyormrergeers beh =120 -49°0) 800 | Uses toimprovs compressor apscy an iw tanpersirecapay ne scar sage of cacaan syne tetompny Qs, 21 or as nna age ean aracrope 3 2b anc B'3 .1585% by wont) 90 (128°) 4 | Used vith recbroctng compressors 19 produce evapomtr temperatures down to Emo P ize Gyn be vid age oe aca syns Table § Some popula refigerant applications [Retennt| Compressor pe Appleton it [Canoga Targa canivong sar aranarm 200 2000 fore heapaaly,Rargwaing syst or nour process war ans bine rea [condo Reptemre or mary Bt sopeatens 12 Recoreatng, Cntivoa tay | Large ar covitoning 2 et geraton systems. Smal fausehod shige incig 28" a _ food ane ice cream cabinets, toodocker plan's, water coolers, room ard window sir ‘Srcitoners and chore. Prnpalatgernt in stometae 8 conotonry rerata_| (Sane as 2-12) Repacerent or many R12 appears aos | Sane as 12) Fepacernt or many P12 sopteatane Fa | Recprocatng, Conta, Rotary | Rescena! and conmerc a cordtonng,Food-Heezhg plans, tzenod srage ant [Spiy coves end mary oh modu: alow omoeretie appt 500 |Recprecaing, Consign! | Sma heme ane eonmureal ar eondhonng squpment Houein rerio and connor ere. sve |Recprcaing Frozen fc ad cscs cep. casos warehouses aod reagan NNeour temperate Sopa ete, cx etngeraon, ed hea anpe ruara | (sane as 502) Rapicaart or many Bt apicatons F078 {Sane as F502) Aeplcenert fe many R02 appicatons Reo7- |{(Sane as F502) apacemer or many 802 sppictone sos |Reeprecstnn Lowtempersure systems sown fo tat 190° (20°). 1a |Recwrecatng Lowiempertre eytone dow f about 1907 (900) cascade yet. Bita_[eenmtopat Sal oman a cxeoring yuna. nua cong, ood bsg. erage. Table 6 — Refrigerants suitable for different applications of reciprocating, centrifugal, and rotary compressors.rs ae P dab “Tobie © Comparative Refrigerant Performance per Ton of Refrigeration’ Ne Ree ‘Specie Com Come sient Empe Con. Rafriger- erant Liquid Vohimeof pressor Power Coef- Dis me denser Com- “ang Crew Cire Sutin Diplnce Cow cient of chart GhemcaiName es Preamure, Frowure, preston Effet, lated, Ind, Gas, ment, sump: Pesfor- Tey Ne Coma ty am "pt pea Sato’ Bow, Dhfmin_intinla Ub cl thes bp mance TH) Eihane TRAD ONT 2as OH 2anioe aS OSM ISG 178 2 TB TM Cato denise 3m315 1030 33775 36320 1588272 ae {DBI Brecifocrmehoce 7700 2618 338 2RAS 7.0901 1297814 aig 104 125" Pesafuoretane Jasro 2hlio 387 3749 520645 1268148 367108 120 Propylene Soe ao 480 AIS 162401 907088 456108 350 Prope 20 1580 370 12030 Ls62st_ 950385 ars Se RavIS 4s.4isi2) $0361 191280 3784491 4as325 1033459 tao SD Ciloroliteoromebane «2953. (1728994020990 Hole Cr e4ES ar 18 17 Ammonia Simo vans 45e s7420 O42i77 196087 a7 210 Sao meayisze(73.8262) Mot msm 410 Goes 3208 DIOS totes 2 Delerodiivromethane 26505. ICTSHI 407 S025 357961 $5200 475 (ae {3a Terafuoroeiane 3590 1160 4696477 3osTas 71.8199 aa iat Tae Chtrwemfiuroctase “129604590498 $003 392696 BSIO rr) Oa sbutne nee 9.286 459 11300 176091 900059 uw 60 Bue aie a1t9) $04 (2535 A599 TIT aos WR Dithorettratueretane? — «6147-36473 34l AOR data 5.3601 is 1 Tnemorotuotomeanane” «2997 T6SIR_ 62d «6721-27588 SESE sa VE Denloceafiorcthane 22901590) G94 LID 3.26829. 62495 ie ix Tiehororierectne” L006 7.844783 _ 520838407 68.597 7s Ta ata oF rags wd SF oon Sa ap ETT oR TTA Eogh pc as nw phe ‘Table 9 Comparative Refrigerant Performance per Toa at Various Evaporating and Condensing Temperatures wa, Rae Sei, om Evape Con fant Volumeot preser Fes: Saver sucion "RP geisce Cems fraing Crew Suton Bipiace- Conny ‘Chemica Name or SUUC™ tir, tener, premioe Efect ied, «Gas, meal, tem No __Compecton (% by mais) sa "pa "Rate Baum, tomb, ct =130°F Saaraied Evaporating, OF Sacto Superba, a0" Satara Condensing Teter Are cn!) (cut oadech alts JS Shape ae gy ap ge ggella ayy Babb yo ape eS TBO ins Gls 58) sb ghetl ab ot ee Ey pare ab ppp 1B oyl> wep a atl Oby (LH a s)) 190%" = 130°F) 60°F cehls gate, et 190" IE ath a Sah ye ss Uy OT 9g WS go Bde | cag ge glade lal sls” Sale ae 8 GERD IE re 9 Wl ge SS Oh IS Sine 9 ny A abd agg (gale) Shas 13 sete als x ly apeealn SI Gps Gud A aba ub os tuliil of oleail, (Subcooling) PCT Chloe anys ae Foe Sen ht gee Si pl pbs lake Wy ote pe (Sia ogee leg wk bp ape ale OB 2 33% leu) 2st oe as aby eg paS laine bl et SN ae pS 2 Gale Jae Saar ily 92 (Mote OLS AAS ful) 22,8 byw has 2h by gle bl! (ESSE GAG OLS le I ab SONp IIS stl pOi8 pds 4 Gyt ube {Subcool) 3,254 SF gle cILe yo ayer oleae Fa Shape 8 be plat pose 6. AaB» Sos (Superheat vapor) cus py buy pas opb ol Ole goes staph api fiaaln at) Sade Stay Sohn tha Seo abil oy MU 2 gine 99 ou Sp (Critical temperatare) lm cule pb Sh BE dal SS ele pak eval by 3a ahd cl) 24 2S Ka cos Se SN te es pas 10 Se IB sete 92 oe Sha p at oe seal jy cil ya rang GLEE ape ele Dy SoH Ebel pkey ee OL eS nl WSL Bay gle plth cous ay abel gil ema pti A RRB ja 6S slabs See eal gle Abs 5 tae by Ue SSE pS be oy cul gly 30 Burd gel ade 5 OPsia SAB JS leh oot 930 abi gpl ace bt ala OLY (19) tg JB 10M 9 ele 2p al 90% aden oy) 9338 RD ake hy dha? poner Ss I Seo (20) JRE DAS igh dye IBF ahs jh ce tl oa S peo? SLES) 2S, 1S fy 2 (296.8 pig) 31.5 psa L359 042 (685 psig) 83.2 psia U5 940" 55 oj > er (es A(R LES) SL pel ohh 0 S10" IS a S51) yells yee sale Lady hw lode de Ayo 10 late 2S aly) Sb 5d Ct Be Ae he Uy SLE! athe ype Sol wip site la jL8s)311.5 psi LE 9 oye He gil ya (A SLD opts bled Bayly 130" ph 49 Las 52 SLL go 49 BUA 9 Js oe0 20le eS gulp Ja 2933 5) LB aes ale hm toys deb ee CIE wot jIBtalb OF hase D gat pee y el BOF yy bl Slag BL gle iy peas 2pe eale 67% lle gal p> th Sale aye AS (Flash gas) 2 p45 abu a: Jot 133% 5 eh Goll hs ape ale Sat ge fap B abet Jae bed gle rsighy) GLI hae iI Oy)> cle bce! 49 Bead Che pe saath a BL ge a Gt itAPVY cobalt utis rr 45 (B) 922) 921) laf S as pty alll ly Bos beats oes 62 IIA JS slob 9 dys Sacshey crear ads gt OLE |) WSUS 2p lye ole Aap scad dplome aye ele ae bye (64) 5 (62) JRA athe Region of phate change (Refrigerant isa gud vapor mixture) AI Be cal a5 pb ee pS ayes eels GLa, Jabs GLa a 2p) 9.3 abel 38 AB eet SAI pe Ue BH Oe eh GS bls Fayed AS $1Yta (AG elle SLan ys) oyai allen |, Det vale lpm aya y (bee Gull of ols Ls cal) cup GSLY psia |, 337.2 psig Ls) 140 4 4,5 (lke et rape EL tee Sop g sual Ie gale yet sole co p53 BtuMlb lg lal y ny, 64% & bL SI os Bhs ght y 2S 53 110 Btu Het yy glyLsh Uy 25b.4+(110 Brufb - 53 Btub) 57 Bulb ply 4,5 95261 Btw 45.5 55 Bo lS JF IEG ale slg gt GAASI6T pang Staats SMS sl haya aye eet bl ad 1 Seas AS serpy At DOF 5h oe told Jae oy Hal ge ape 3) S245, ome FIL) ADL BOO? 5h Se LS Sale ange Tlegge ale deel sl! compe a gal cde ‘Speci: enthalpy (Btu per 1b) Fig 21_skeiewon pi chart illustrating the three regions ofthe chart and the direction of phase changing.rrr Pda 2-0 0 9m » © © © Dw 2 a ee) wy 0 FREON” 22 Bde | 500 REFRIGERANT ‘ coo fl eurensrune in or eutnope = ai nem ese ff YOMME econ OUMLITY ew DUPONT DE NENOUPS 8 COMPANY NC. WILMINGTON, OELANARE 19898 “0-2 0 0 0 | O rr ENTMALEY (BTU PER LB ABOVE SATURATED LIQUID AT -40"F) Fig 19 Flow the 40 pss line to th right unt it inteseds the vertical 30 Btu/Ib fine and we find the-refigeran mixture to be 90% iuil and 10% vopoc Courtsy E 1 DePortIPYY cabal cals rr em 0 0 © 2 » © 0 ow 0 mmo “FREON” 22 REFRIGERANT EH] roPeRatuRe esr ENTROPY i Bier (pie) E1 DUPOKT OF NEMOURS & COMPANY, Inc WILMINGTON, DELAWARE 19098 ° 0 ENTAALEY (ATV PER LB ABOVE SATURATEO LIQUID AT 40%") ee 1 BN/io 78 lusty 49 oh Horie 127 aru Fig 20. Religeraioncyde pated onthe gresure/emulpy chart Curtsy EJ DuPontrea ed da Conran tempertue eal pau oa) canta pee 2 ‘neu, esi) oR w hey (Bt po) site 22 Skeleton ple chart showing paths of consti pressure, constant temperature, apy and! constant entropy. (Refrigerant 34a) constant volume, constant € for cadeston att ese (9) tte et tein ist oe Fgatig ete t Total reat rejeces ee Sere eat f ‘eee sel Lat et ces es 5" one x Specie tap (Bu pe) id eycle operating at a vapor 22. Presure-enthalpy diagram of asimple stun higgtemperatire of 20°F and a condensing temperatire of 100°F (Refrigerant 34a)re VEVY cob ts ENTHALPY — (Btullbm) o 20 40 60 BO 100 120 140 160 3000 rt '3000 2000 a 2010 1000 1000 400 400 200 200 2 100 100 w 5s Z 40 40 3 & = 20 20 10 40 4 4 2 2 1 1 ° 20 40 60 89 100 120 140 160 ENTHALPY — (Btu/ibm) Fig 24 Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 11 (sia) PRESSUREry say dab Refrigerant 11 (Trichlorofluoromethane) Properties of Saturated Liquid and Saturated Vapor Fogay, —Enuapy Seinen Denar, Vome, » a may Votes Sra Baer”, Sound (a ee Ton Hao —Agn gsm -aowe ona — bios 6 — = = mes 14650, -2h116 4019 “WOMETS O25HH0 UIBI@ OLOIB 11685 — = bf 2 = 1923 T3556 21267 T5ONS -OKH7 038285 c1@O D038 1.160 3958 = ft = 8H 40852 8820 “14398 ToGRR “OORT O1NSH? U1HTH O56 L158 3095, Dol bf Me onal 3132 “185th 7h1e9 ows2 oivor: o1mp4 O07] 5 3879 2 > ae pap 12325 Ta DOs 0250: 11989 0105 LISHL 358 an 10637 73582 Slt ge sas 45414 dss -pojoz4 012608 91985 01138 4K 3608 pode us ae Hound mois aR ALG OOM9S 01022 94048 OT1SE LTA 3538 So 52 Ah WOAI9 1937 tm A268) OOP} OLB O4Ms8 DITTO L142 57 > lof Re Tose a7 3925, aotey 021368 bus Les. 3382 = = ass 75 556 i. 6 on 36 THAI “O0S868 W183? IGT? O1TT4 11896 Soa SL a6 io 36 io ws. 05 (Lz 1139 one Aza Sooo 161ss $99" Ha ODIs 01026 G18 L130 95s He LT Smet 13908 SOLS 9zasy ouumES 2012 Osg16 11356 rose 430678 Gras 12082 40N S277 MMMM OOS HOM HIS LIS MSS AD 168 S748 10796 00st 95557 OMRSE O98 079 O1AN4 11354 28214351578 S70) "Sse MOS! 98947 DUeNS Oval Noss Vises LaNs TRS ASL 3671 $aBo, 207 945 DURE OSE 20K HERD LISA IST BT LA 027s 5a 395+ “hoses 031286 Diam 1410 3308 Z 24 10199 6601-1985 8155. -ouwHTS a21038 2 113% 3235 - = Be 10125 $4205 boue 7335 oN UBD DIRS 11s Sek 418 anes) 10050 32810 L991 835et Omt9 aatan Gla Lis ok ak 2 on p25 bor 39m mI Om OOK 25 amy Ba = bts > Rw nw ay 90 963275601 hop} 95.2 O19 v0 01861 LSS UK 8a - nm foe 5857 9533358 WIT 958 oig7m ome 01870 rt 2 ine Sm 629 9534 ONT a8) 960 eign 02033 179 Be our 308 fm Fon ia $20 KID IMS 9.97% 02099 0188 1304 fours 2045 Soo 78 MIS ABMS TIO) 97650 91966 O20 01597 oe SooNw 208 Som BW) 35 440m 128K 96S 019638 1a ‘e005 1972 500 ; S500 9am 98950885 ITS os igeer 118 ‘oo 1955 a0 f fom Wor 8855 61l5 Das HHS 1957 16. ‘oes 1899 oD } S00 126 $54 32795 21358 01) 01958 hie ons) 1653 Gao i Joe 133m 9293 oes aos looms 1958 tom me 1k Tm MO Ge 9235 27309 3K OLN D196 ost Cost ak ABT YS 14790 91317206 455 L387 019855 108, csiz 79130 Sm ism 919) 24851 ASOT OLS oie owe foes? 3% an q Bo 17910 3180 2274 864 102 Gigi 02113 O10 09% (oosts 1730 S00 Yom 19661 9108 108 6424 105.70 Gioist O29 01879 098 oosta 45 0 $30 1585 Hobe ISIN Faw 10878 Osta 02% 01589 bas couse ee at tinot 23581 9025 17H 7H Tota a8 os o0st0 3618 1d soo 257% RL kIT a MHS 0108 DAS DORR! ODMgs uoOsHe 1572 15H ooo 28053 SH 13K0 9H 10551 ois os 13951 soo Sasm> BoH13k21 Hh9% MEPL OWA One O18 oxte 2 ts oo) $815) SI L770 106 0198S 01 0138 ors = ib So) 35950 AROT L8H MINT LOTR OM; OIE O2ITD OSE 074 - sw Noor $8325 Srez Limes Jsza8 107574 WI) wisssE OzIR ONS oz = toe Sos Avon 17 ome S638 Lone? TIN 01986 O2IEH C169 67g = Bs Moor S5esp a7? USAR Sash LopMG OATS, 01952 U2IEE O1s80 oun = to 500 S89 Sexe UAESS 357 (ORTET ONTSOS OIIN UaZT ISH o66 500 oo fxs sim tae ek ina ome ainik ein oun 06 = Hoe ‘Wooo Gags S486 E7172 MAM LITE OMRIOT 01958 Ome IKI oer 2 vom Tom Gee Spl tart MID 12S Owe OI95;8 DRT Os os = we Woo Boi) 29} SSKe LAG (134K CNBR 9S BRAT? 01677 059 = im Hoo 91100 8198 CABG OH 11476 OWT 19870298 OTTOS 058 = 100 Bo 1043) HOH 842A $1018 115793 OMSL OV ORE vey = xo hoo Weck TRS AMS SAA Hes Come UNS 02196 O43 =m Rom ist TAT) OH STH TMH OUD O10K8 02S oa 2 be Boo aris 7765 M298 SKIS T1KTH UIDs ISAS 0208 (ae 2 we Bm) ose 70301260 SEP LT WIR 19855 02455 O38 a0 Boo wy iy 7530 923H wgOIR oss OLB 19555 4205 038 - 90 BOO OE 746 92181 BSNS LALIT OLISH O1GNL 0287 O38 eT) HS N19 SOA 122152 OUIGH CIOH O25R7 O88 2 we 73 rosy 122M? Ul age oso = M0 om Pak Ho Pe 125515, 01280 W198? cis eT) Om JoLI2 68511467 TS9RS aka GLUT wI93A ow - un 92 UE ANE IS Usa ONE'S = 2 Sor G2 bbw BSH Naa ORES uioNS = > sam Bom 39446 G35 oD HSI 125159 UOT CIHIH 031 : = x00 Mom 49M GLOWS AT SHS 12528) Olea WISI UsHES UNIS LT 78 eT 300 om wr S97 UUTIS JOT UZSUH OIATH CIpm OsTTH GI HT OL I = — 00 Mom urs S624 Gog? M20 ASE) OISaR DIRT GAT OMIR LSU 5M = ew uO S615 SEA Nee moe Disest CHER OSOD OOM! Sas mS 1m sere aS Yon Bere ciewm let = a = & ee Be ON MSS NOMI MY OD OH et eee ee ‘ Lemperatures are on the ITS-60 soale 9 poet = mal bling per = elara APVY cats ti -20 1000 400 100 (psia) 40 PRESSURE 10 ENTHALPY 40 60 80 100 =e (Btu/Iom) ENTHALPY — (Btu/ibm) Fig 25 Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 12 400 100 40 (psia) PRESSUREra ap ab Refrigerant 12 (Dichlorodifluoromethane) Properties of Saturated Liquid and Saturated Vapor vom, Babel, —— Entony, Space etsy Vebclyat—Vizaty, Tran Gon ema Penne em Naum scart paar” Soman amen Beamer Sue Pr yas” Light Vapor gad Vapor” “Ugald Vigor” Led Vapor Vip Unuld Vopor gil Vapor” Uguld Vaper” ncn “m0 160 Ta Hea aOR Ome = BF Thea Osi MIG dpem —iedie RW oomIO OTe > olf foun “ino 068 a6 1G Gen “Goan owe > olf fhe iam 09% BSS “16827 Sol “00329 OlRs8i = = = ot Me “co 48 2H 1308 eI 0010 O16 Sse 2s ie ee too ctiays lene tou ows ne et IS temo (Fa “oa 0 89. ouig4 ors 218 So Bose $268 ram onset Oa o5s8 Oo0305 2b sor nin ae “Sum 8 gee boost ost a0 om vores 0576 ompz0 202 =o “ae Sais 0369 00038 90 so sh ry 363 Ooms 1959 “eo a5 Sawie Coss? Ooosts 1638 S30 a oars asst Oo0sss 165 “om ms 201500 01754 costs om 1816 ss on Dees Oa us38 booses 1975 oo one to 740 cope om 1735 +o ‘ox fumes? 0738 fes26 omnes 1658 50 som dot cis? 0308 0500 0a0385 1655-300 “30 su corsa aes14 vom 1535-2500 20 bass im? foo om ism ae Suen rr ‘975 ‘i508 booms 1355 —in0o aso $80 conn i302 aa? 153 “i500 ‘tor a sous! foie aon Ag) “tobe sa 9 ois Go aoe S500 to 16 cose cove ose 1419 U0 so 5H oonise fone oxo Sto 0 nae foes coos osu = 100 im nae tos 0466 = 1500 a0 an soe {0460 vos = 00 230) sot 205006 0.6765 c0¥se om 3300 so Hote Som! beat sour om bow so tan ose 0.604 fea2 oo0ss = 3500 on toys be oie ows > kD so over 0 608 fear obese som seso1 outs 636 cons omee sum Son nowt ont ae oss bos = 5500 ou ak Dod Use tons aos = Save 0 zoe owe ular fo) bane peg neo aw ONE 0 6858 fiowo) om0s66 = TD 0 a8 oosrs asi aus%6 mss — 7500 a ae 20s i390 owe > fe so ra preane fame osm =o so ads 2 un oer form ome = St 0 Sas Pa bots Oe uss baer = S30 0 Sie on ons a16tas axe? oma = 1 "500 Bae Moe mss Wier a RN Le RS faa oes 2 tose ‘00 S371 44 DONT? 0.16389 01855 1274 1902 133 90356 0906s) — HU sta Stost Sees Gon Oe Sine 18s 6B Cs ties sen ata Aide BE borws aves! Qin ae at bp Sous ome | = 1B 23500 Sa 58 ow avis 0183 Lam UB. 5 ccsi9 ome - 150 3040 BATT 89942 0.07633. 0.16309 0205 13579 125843 00333 DwEs — — 1H B50 Mus my ooe Olen aye U3 tam an esi Gar = sen ici S136 OER Comat ee oun i ean ome > tan 14500 AUT Yo OUKZTT 0.16289 we wos OWT = 14500 ‘3000 More NGL OOOH ORR ho oon 09079 = 100 ad 4H ST MRTET Ol0IBS 16. ouMe OmTE = 15500 Wo Pen Gas Ol has Nk tame alse ae en eee ae 1650 19537 6451 OIRRS 482 HLS GOH HI6II6 ww = = = =: = 18500 Moo Sie $52 Wiaoo anaee Je UT Ole mol Df ff iw Sw 995 geso aay Suit Bo am 01H wmf > fff ue 1AUU0 34815 6542 O.We SEGRS $2085 ORRIN 1 59H ae - - - - = 18000 18500 56727 G28 OUTS S416] 20RD 0.10050 0.15935, 376, - - - - = 18500 Wom serid G08 ou S721 Yeo GatzRs Use go> DTD Ee 5m Nora Gia one Sa oon ID Ue oD Df ff me Mw 957 es OO SHO N17 IME BIST wolf ff = mw Homo A515 S39 mse Sst WHE I BIS wel DD Df hm ROW S209 5326 OUST G57 H9AI GLIBES 0/5207 56 - - - - — 000 Baw 5955 a0 oe Bio oma casa we EB DT i ate fury SIs ow WO TAPS oueN ONE = SS ee T= malig T= eal pat * temperatures are on the ITS-50 scalerr IPYY Gta ts ENTHALPY — (Btu/ibm) 40 ° 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 1000 1000 400 400 100 (esia) 40 f } | 40 PRESSURE (psia) PRESSURE 10 10 -40 20 ° 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 ENTHALPY —(Btu/tom) Fig 26 Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 13