1.

Communication is the act or process of using words, sounds, signs, or behaviors to express or
exchange information or to express your ideas, thoughts, feelings, etc., to someone else
2. Status/Role The Sender and receiver of a message may be of equal status within a hierarchy or they may
be at different levels, This difference in status sometimes affects the effectiveness of the communication
process. Cultural Differences both within or outside the organization may impede the communication process.
Choice of Communication channels Before you choose your communication channel you should ask
yourself whether the channel is appropriate for particular purpose and the person/receiver you have in mind.
Length of Communication The Length of the message also affects communication process. You need to be
sure that it serves the purpose and appropriate for the receiver Use of Poor Language choice of words or
weak sentence structure also pampers communication. Individual perceptions Sometime the method of
communication needs to take into consideration the receivers personality traits, age and preferred style
Atmosphere/Noise/Distraction Our surroundings can sometimes pose as barriers to effective; A noisy place
usually puts strain on oral communication as both the sender and receiver need to put extra effort to
communicate Clarity of message Is the message conveyed in a clear or ambiguous manner Lack of
Feedback. Feedback is important as it enables confirmation of understanding to be made by both parties.

3.Verbal communication, in which you listen to a person to understand their meaning; (2)
written communication, in which you read their meaning; and (3) nonverbal communication,
in which you observe a person and infer meaning.

4. The best communication isnt about sending our message. We all spend lots of time in
trying to get better at sending our message. As important as all of that is (and it is), great
communication isnt just about sending a message, it is about assuring our message is
received.Where is your focus on message sent or message received? When you shift your
focus to taking responsibility for your message being received, you are on the way to being a
great communicator.
5. To inform - you are providing information for use in decision making, but aren't necessarily advocating
a course of action. To request for a specific action by the receiver. To persuade - to reinforce or change
a receiver's belief about a topic and, possibly, act on the belief. To build relationships - some messages
you send may have the simple goal of building good-will between you and the receiver
6. PERSONAL BIAS Bias can take on many forms. Personal prejudice can affect how well we listen and how
we perceive what the speaker is saying.

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS Environmental factors such as noise, temperature and uncomfortable seating
can cause us to focus our attention on other factors beside what the speaker is saying.
SHORT ATTENTION As we receive a message, we must attend to it or we will lose it. Some people have
trouble remembering points to discuss when the speaker is talking.
REHEARSING A RESPONSE Many times we catch the drift of what the speaker is saying and we begin to
reherse a response, thereby missing parts of the message.
HOT WORDS We all have certain words that we react to. Sometimes when a speaker uses a hot word in his or
her message we will concentrate more on the meaning or the word, or its implications for us
LISTENING COMPREHENSION We all know that without comprehension, we cant response to the speaker
effectively.

7. 1st stage: Thinking.This stage starts with the birth of an idea of the speaker. The speaker should
know what he wants to convey to his audience, otherwise he will be confused and will become the
laughing stock of the audience.
2nd stage: Symbolizing.In this stage, the speaker is now ready to share to his audience orally
through the use of words. The words should be appropriate for the idea to be clearly understood by
the listeners. Mastery of the language is necessary. The speaker should know how to give his
thoughts and feeling in an effective way. He should select terms that can be understood easily by the
audience.
3rd stage: Expressing.The speaker is now ready to his ideas in an audible speech using appropriate
gestures. Clean, good voice and physical delivery is must in speaking.
4th stage: Transmitting.The ideas and feelings are transmitted into the ears of the listeners. The
surroundings must be conducive for the audience.
5th stage: Receiving.As the sound waves that carry the ideas of the speaker reach the ears of the
listeners, a series of movements takes place. Neural impulses are sent to the brain. Defects of the
ears and eyes cause faulty reception.
6th stage: Decoding.This stage will lead the listeners to understand what the speaker wants to
convey. Understanding takes place only upon receiving the ideas of the speaker through the voice
with supplementary gestures. These voices and gestures facilitate the comprehension of the listener.
7th stage: Reaction or FeedbackIt is normal situation to see listeners giving responses to what was
heard from the speakers. Reactions may be, applause, boredom, hissing, yawn, and doubtful look
and so on.

8th stage: Monitoring.The speaker should be sensitive in giving the needs of his audience. It is
through monitoring that the speaker determines if comprehension takes place.