Ato Woe iP ae ha Let sor le Serta nd Mimi hy ea a Rian io Cora ty ny Ot Mai i, natin Cpe Sal ning a ine at ye ani ‘pn Res Carty ame pio ‘Arn Co pin tng Meni Tlsy ia taege on Ra End eine emda aor Wiad Hose hed geo a Ming Te Manning Ln ‘yeas UBRARY UC RIVERSIDE CHRISTOPHER SMALL Musicking THE MEANINGS OF PERFORMING AND LISTENING * Pub by Univ Nw EaandContents Pabst by Unieiy Pot Sow Egan Hanae Hom * tnt oy Cooper Sn Ags red Pretoge: Muscand Musicking eminent 2A Place fr Hearing oper athe co te 2. A Tlerngiy Contompnery Air 30 5 Slarge with rage 39 Ine The Language of Gestte 50 4A Separate Wold 64 5-AHumble Bow 7s 6 Savemoning Up he Ded Comper $7 Ineinde> The Mosherof Alle Arts 9 7 Seeand Pert 1 8 Harmony, eave Harmony 20 Inteae$ Socialy Contracted Meaings 30 9: An Arcot Theatr oa 10.A Drama of Relating st 11. A Vason of Onto 69 12, Whe Realy Going On He! 85 13. A Slizry Fate Payer 208 Posdade: Wests Good Performance and How Do You Know? 297 Rikigrpy 25 ‘nderPrelude ‘Music and Musicking * 1 once al evo thousand peopl see in thse anda intense sence A unr msicans bring ei iaseumens to he sea The fondo aber itor and afer few moment the symphony gine ‘the oes pls cach member of te aceee sale ening | te wotkof the gre, dea, compose ‘na sepermaries loudspeakers te big space with anode melas fer envelop autores, checouc dks shel asses ad mange, | ing hem inthe sommonparponeo ving nd sling Ina big stain, than oes ceer and ly thousand pai of ands appa Abe of nerd light and aca drums nd ampli an pee the appearance onsage ofthe fous ar of poplar ms ‘bo isn heard on rec and ee on video Dut whose presence here it thes ancgenence of another Kind. The oie ao great the Bi Few minuto the performance reine “Ayong min was down sy sec, it Walkman damped aos i am boating hi fee hs surroundogs, Inside isa i nie ‘pac charged wih mai only be can est, ‘A saxopbonis fies his improved oi with acca of no tht comment ano popes song He pes is forehead witha anwchiet dod absenly fo acknowledge the aplase of «hundee ps of Tans. The pant aes up the ane "Ashu gai ply the Sn se of 2 arya eae, ad he congregation begin to sng, amd of voices nrg unison. ‘Arn outdoor al, with bees rc and hands tthe ste iy how ssn men and women thunder aos paitiesong Tee sounds hey ake ‘road the God whom hy ae imploring ak thee coanuy eat (thes earth singing and iver wih Prado (3 ScaseennannNNNITap oper hows, 3 soprano, in fong Mond wig and white gown suresh with red eas the lax of bet mad scene and dis pats aly Her dea in song provokes not tas bur 2 oa of iit at ‘lees around the thet Arte crn descend, ands ap thunder ‘aly and et samp on the loon fen moments, est oi she sr ppear before the cumin to ie hes mage wha cen of ap Phuseanda shower of ac thrown from the gles, "housewife aking the beds in he morning sings to he an oli populer songs words inperecy emerbere ‘So many iferen seis, so many diferent kinds of ction, s0 many «een ways of organizing tun into seanings al of tem en the ame sac What dishing cli masta aan ings he wor ‘ove shou fin such estan, sho inven ts ih ote lives and rscrca Th qurton his ee ake many tines ore he et ‘res and ince at ast the ine ofthe ancient Gress and ms sas fe itt explsin tb aie and resting of mac a ind te ‘ein forts earondnacypomeria theives nen beings, ‘Many ofthese temp ave Been complex and ingens, and some fave ven posse aid of absrac benny eminting oo ia co pletiy and ingemityof those ees ad epces wich sttonone in "ote to expin the movement ofthe planes efne Coperics spl fe acer by plang the sua ised ofthe earth a he center ofthe system Rar none has suceeded in iin satisfy ane eqe So0—or cathe, ai oF quetont™ What ithe meaning 9f ma apd ‘Whos cin of wae bum ifn the iy hat of exry member of tema species T's easy to udntend why. Those asthe wrong gustan 0 as, “Theres no sich tinge ms ‘Mass noe a thing tall ban ati something sha psople do. The appara hangs” ita gen an bacon othe chon whose aly vanishes 35 5000s We exasne alls. This abt Hankin imabaraton of aig fom an Seon what spears tobe its es al of ging tar seer a name x probaly aod language i we ‘the concep of our world tt tats dangers every cay to nme to hak of easton at more rea tan te resect, to hin, forex, of the abstractions which we love te goed ais ving a ates part rom hc ast of loving hing. o fing god al evi dns and even think of them Being ia we vay mare el han the ascend of uel ore ing Tein snd sffixing she scons. Thi he tp of ato, ait has ‘en abening fal af Western thikingever sine Pa ho wasn seats perp IF ee io a ing vm sen ak Wha he eng such suka gusta dross swe Shla of We “Emme srm sive heed ater handed ht is Sarma decig thor seo she acy we el mn, i ating vee pene er and oss es purest hn qty cared os psa of cn by meme SEN wnt micron wir of me che We Toulon Tome a ene do cm tive eal exes, ei eh ‘fesoret bran yc ds ee rote nay Sewn acne mn ec hse ts more mange Ibi ar the mean of ewok (ote wor) of ae hich oct ume quton al The Wem acl ma hove al other mus 3 sang indensicor punoncon, Onion clea an spel cron ha ni he woes tse urs (ore te im oun py the epore remako ‘mous wisn when sed war mesa sha bended in tl br fed of in ech of one tigen inte ener, tpl, "ecu sed hen Bash, hat wold be oan) (Sherhan apes ol ey mony of poles win Mer mean eer sl ee cone o ound erent al en ‘We reno in the way th wd ma commonly et We ow sharin of mca ith inte nie dren owes Tnlclogs ant in sho sd comes of mame ow Sand of as an perc semper ma ei wl be ng owen aon, musky shy ion oer with ‘Women dsl mas he fer mc, cg even Wes pop tamu a dew andr herb of enorme he tml tay of Wen popular msi nti own es ee ha Mona cal mace won hoping sn os arena ina maicog, “Te contation xd tote me of the mu al on Be oe fan egal the el an pri all asl exe, Uhh bee tom ee or sca ining eng be Frepaton fay oes nd mae promance (fous lt ‘Ron jus" dice wi Sune Grp and oped exord Tops om Broly mses wt ape Resting i oem ‘Sin sols anon hehe rept sono gd toro be sje oh ane moder f nga her mus, ope Stipes sos mening rae pe cho ine ater ‘Soschare trough teat of he uci eae dnc Pree 13‘heen, Even dhs who wy righ the ane by comparative tay af her human muss mos ofa ao eompations with Were cs cal emusic, cus emphaszing only ina acpive nay. uniqueness imply privcging iin reves aldough ein ta prey oma aman mais an ens mae you ike, Uhe any te and, he any ote, cee o socal swell a puely musi commene Sits tha whe scaly f music may degree of 13 amber of ma ‘er hee one marron Wich here ily nanos green, al te moe power being for he ose par nace a ape sc, Iisthat the esence of mac an of whee mui ectie to be fond in chose hing led msl works wrk, a of Were ‘m dail mas. The mas mcinet mora formalin of the es ums perhaps fre the doyen of eantemporzy German muse (Cae Daas), who telus, ay thatthe subj mate of muss mad up eimai of sgicane works of usc that have eave’ the calc of thc age and har he ence won a not ‘eren i tec esone of ms history" Any histoey of mis wil bear out Dl oaenton. They ar prin sores of ae things which works ‘cand ofthe people who mde them, and they elu show ese cunstncesof thr creation, about the orth iflaeeed i are, and about the inence they bavehidon subsequent Wor eis aoconly historias who sume the piacy of moscl wock ho sclogss, whose purpose iw ascrain the rel para co tours of musical wowks by recone o orginal texts, wel tab, wos pupoeis to ciscover be wy inch he work ar conrad ss objets in themseies, and sete, who del wth te meaning OF sound objets and the reasons forth ect ona lsenee All ae ered with things, with mas wots, Even the rece ava of aly known 2 eepion history” das ot a8 one might ressonahy expert, with peformance isl bot with the changing wasn which ime orks hve been ercved by ther audences ding therm of tee tence. The prt played bythe peforme inti ception dows aot come io consideration; when perfomance deus al, spn of st iTitwere nothing more dan 3 presentation and gency a sprite sd merc peseation ata ofthe work tha Bing performed. ‘sr inded to find he ac of msc erformance thooght of posse ing, much ess reaing, seanngs in its ov right, The resumed autoomous “hinge” of works of musics, feu oly part ofthe prevaing modem phlsophyof stn gene. What ‘ale is othe action fart noe heat of eetng, ad even les that of peciving and respondiag, bu he cited re objet ile. Whatever emigre ae it huge ride in obj eng ink Soca owe pee ay ig ng re ng ugh ery md nad cg wing tee pe cee daw Cou Tinted ne of fucuncanging mane: meaning at igs, vost pon fpr an der as sing mel ess sae arn gut nec ay peed oe 3c been often) wv ced briny ened a atontiene moet (ad come hl) llr eat pice (ramp ‘Zhe af Suman Fano Cone Mor nad Lonny ‘per ft pean on alin dt) ped in hans ‘itm yume th ener manage frome nen TED) Tern Wer eminem! he sin one meno [Bi temene"Thempenesaiy ora hewrow tesla Soule” : : “Tab Ac ac musa meng vides enigulyin msc objec, cone wih few cones Teh nse puovmnce no petit ceaicps iy te men rowgh sch oo see conaied wet ha whan nde poe ee Te eae nm rue puma eu hn a th ied of fling ie composts aan nd eng hen in seuiand ge acl conde Oa ve ep me re erent separate cling apres opens of wo a ioe ar sc ane ing cr be prope ple pape emcee cove ony ye wo cn eld ay these uae Ses bv ome anita ses perenne ot Sosa Dw Conn singe ml enc Iie ant'e ie Wat Morar te nprem: pac mason rls havea asa tenn taping We eto Ardea whi a hty muy men wlan ce ‘steel bat oon tess nme ther cag oF srs One wr nane yw shades een es Srv aa when ve cul ju cao, the Beh a Sear ty ocesoc “he premer we ear isthe ite tas nt sono ing en th ec corse re, Sec ano bet cee Menasha fen copes ei pronme oes et he re. Copne, ply nt tency otral agin she “iets” then by performers whe die to inepane ‘hemi, hie panonate an he lets beween compost a lo tener Igoe Suvi (947) wa spec chemin thi ea con the ps qty ofthe perma, otf ek fue {sano pos gene a gondperionsns Weal kao fom espe vet ht ose rtormen tala capable of trang a ‘acl nw grea petoranen ca Paco tea ance {oes sing "Home Sweet Home” whic the woth of means at Bile Hoty was alto cress wth her perdcmanes ofthe tase a opal song ith egeday and dco a We ot ‘Sith much of hectic of opm onl cally orto wel ane de musa an dramatic suns of Lai Lame fo limi or of Gounod Faw ere not oe the opposer he ot “phon give singer to sbow oF thi posers Bur chon go further ad shall ange ater ha i oj gent p Jomect who ate eagle of endowing sc mater wet meaning sal ‘est, weve el and aml dhe woe aybe dha che ass ofthe fone scaig and su ae crete whenever any pecformer 3p frst it ove od wth ee sland ae hte seca bes {oir Ando coun i sho posible to give ben performance with tu ay work of mis al ing involved thousand of proving kn ave mons ‘A fourth cooley tht cach masa work auoaomous th (0 sy tet witour Decoaryrefrece os econ any ia oF 7 pal eof religions, pital, or socal be, Tes shee ply foe ‘thuteplonpber manuel Kat cil “terete conrempain” ‘fis own herent gules. Even 3 work tha sured ie earaly Inthe oa myth and othe ritual enacrent of a yy, or xa led Bais Sine Mase Pasion, whch Was intended os par of the (Goo Friday bsegies of the Lithern Chere, stay pertorme a ‘concert halla werk of avin ow igh, whose quaities apd whose Ineaig for a moder le are tpn 0 dep solely on ql fv ma” and have odhng to do wi the bee hat Bach Beloved hea embod ine My masa fend scoff t pe when Ty Tcan aly bear sen 29 ‘epee so powerfly and so cogently doe itembodys myth hero me [xproonay snouts “Donor about ales "thy," temo the marvelous mane” Maro ns iis ined bat mares for wha? That ss qusion ta seems ave o be asked kt lone an ‘need, Other ma cls, incading our own pas would nd ach ‘ads caro; ach hime coal he kxow abou thes, nigh wel el thers meee was being alan ‘Nite eh idea tht musa meaning ede nig in musi ob jst noe any of oles bers mach lion o mus i sual rocco hroughot he human ace Most ofthe woes musics and bpthae word mea, he pd dhoughour this hock, oo js pofssons usin, not jue tose who make a rng fom sng playing ‘omposig, bu anyone who singe or las or compose—have no we fo Imaal creado noc erure musa woks inp pla and ing, Eawving on remembered mice anytime aon tr own power ‘of avenon within the sit onder of tadon. There may aor een ‘sy Bred and able muscl wor, so the pefoemer ces she o she Prelate (7perfoons wll he stenes, shoul! here be any apa rm the perform (fave a inperant and acknowledge cease role a pay the pet Toemance trough the energy they fed (ot fl 0 fed, sty nd ith dicrimiaaon, back othe poormers ‘Ber even within aerate mua ize such tthe Ween asi traon the exclave eoneznasion on msc wor and ee elton ofthe act of pefomance wo suburdinte saris ha reed in 9 sere ‘isundereanding of what aru take place sing prfoerance, Tit ‘isundseandings, 3b we sal ae, had in a it fon te pelo ‘mane ie te cxpeseney, hat, of the proemancs, fr both pe. Ferm anlnenes an eth bebe have been oreo esha to envich Foe pefrmanee de tein ode 0 prt mus ary, bt ae, macalworts eit in oder erformers amcling perform "Tha ing So, us perfomance i 3 much richer nd ore com le ati than allowed by thom who concentrates anton cae Svely onthe muse work and on fete on a individ st I we ‘wien the cede of ranean oak nthe ene set of reltonshipe ‘hat consis peroanc, Wes se dat mse’ primary meanings 225 not indadal all ba ial. Those soc ean ae ace Be Ive off int something leds “sociology” of ms that i sepacte from the meming of he sounds bu ae fundamental a wndeanding of ee ae et cll mas ‘The fundanctl mature and meaning of mi ie notin objets, no in usc wors albu in con in what people do. Irion by unde. ‘nding what peopl do arty ake patina scl chat we cas hope to undeseand is sane andthe inction fll oman if. Whatever ‘hac fancton ony be, Ta cea Ss chat takepart in amc inof central mporance our very himnnes 2 important aig pct a {he eof sesh, which 0 eames (bo fom which alo clin Imporane Ways), aad second, that everyone, very normaly endowed human ing, is orn with he gf of musi no es han wih the i | speech [hae a, then our presenta concer fs, wheter “die” (“popular in whch the “tena” fe ae empoered to perce muse rth unalene” maj ised on Elbcod. mean tt ‘or powers of making muse for ues have ee hij and hea Joni of pope sobbed ofthe may tha i this By ight of Beth, toile few stars and thet andes, gow rich and moe gh ling tawhaewehvesen lt ele weak ‘Tis bok the, sat 0 mach shot msi sits abocs people about people a they play and ig, hey nen and compose, and even they avsterina /8 ce (fr in any cars if 0 oi dsing then no mas ape ing eral danse the mil 2), an aor ee was ia Wa the)—ove go abou singing and paying and composing ad stern It Sloot the reasons we fel urge doth thing and why ee fond when we do ther wel We cond sy sha itis oss book fener poople making ‘Sofiras know the werd mas oes noe apes in any Eaglsh dc sina, baits tao fla concep oko unused. Te sche preset pte or gerund, of the eb 0 mute This ve dos havea obscure ‘tens in some lager dons, buts pont goes unepoited be ‘se wc i docs ppt i sed 9 me ough the ame so pe ooo make ea reas thaisalrendy well covered bye two wont {fave ger abon for tise verb. have pponsd his dion: Te mae 0 ake ar, ina rac) = in a musa performance, wheter y eforming by itening byron tr prsticing by promding matralor prfrmance (in calle op ing) ory dancing. We mig atimes crn extend is easing what the pero is doing wiotakerthe esa the door other men who silt {be piano andthe ram or he rates who scp the insrmeats ant ary out the sod cess orthe leaner who cen pf everyone oe fas one They too, al ontibuig to che nae che even tat ‘nase perfrmance Tel Baeme cles we go along how fl hs verb—and especialy is gerund—i (he aod fie oe jus cic But has hori a {eos anT ul ee fem anon a6 were the proper Eg ngage ver that hop it wil Desome Thave to ake two tings cleat. Te et tha pay accion in any way toa musa prrmanes adding recorded performance, 0 [Maral in ancestor, o us, The second eee but seeds be seed ep the et mus no once with vali. Kis tcripne, aot pcp. Iota putin na msl psor- ‘hance, whee: tle plc actively oc pve, wher wee he ay Ithappens or wheter we do no, wheter te cosier eines ot toning, constructive or deere sypatetic oe amphi. The word sil retain sf onl for so log a we Keep oor own vale judas Thea oft, aden shar Tae hear sc 2 Everyone ght trae” or You cane all fnering to = Wallan musing,” disor its nea, weike its fn anes ol, and pings ws back ino fase guments abou what cor maceing Value aden some ltr if hy coms al ‘pst fon voi he ex that mas is isan foremos ation, he Prdate 9 [ =" easword hat cher stl implications. Inthe fet pla making no sine {So here hat the performers ce doing tn what te tof thse rset ate ding, eins ws tha machin (you see how ey i Sp sing) an acy in which ll toe preset ae inv ad for whose matre ad quali, sce ofr, ereryone preset bes some esponsiblg [e oe sea mater of componr, oeen Perf aly doing wometing no fo psi later, Whatever itis we ane doing, we all doing together performer tenet (hod there be any apa fom the pecormer), compos ako thre be one spare Som the peroemen), dancer, tke elector, piano movers radi seers al Tam ae, of coun, x sly ar ose no dintonbesween what the pfommes te doing and whi he cer ae dings they ae coy Sing diene hing, a when we wate to digas ern the 90 Set of sivises we aay have ae word wth wish odo Ia Using te vet mise, on he oer and, we are reine thi al these iene activites dp to ingle, howe mre af y the ways in which al of them are came ut, and wel aol by means ‘vic we can Bega explore he mening tae the cnt a whe generating, Weak ino acount ju wha the performer ae doing Su erenly so jus the pce ht ting ply oe what the compos Should here beans hs dane We ein oe misc perforans a a ‘encour Beveen human beings thts place trop the medion of Suns ogi inspec wae Lie al human acount kes place ‘a phys and a soda sing, and tore, oh tobe iat count when we ask what seating ae being genera by 3 perormince “Thc beings, tis not enough oak, With mater o the mening oftls wok of mie? To do wo leaves or raped in the ssumptons of the ‘mode Westen concert wali, snd een within hoe iit 0 MAO sthen one consider the whole eid of human musing, wl ge an Sverre a bet paral and even contador, Ando cus thre ‘sno fie and sae muse work, as re of many ees, the the sqenon cannot een be sake. Using de concept musing 32 Tran encounter we can ak he wider and more intreing quston Wit dei mc when te prformance of hr wor) on plac at his ime, isle, wi tha partpane? Oo pat more simpy we can 1k of he performance, any pevfrmanse anywhere and a2 Hine ‘Whe rely sing om bree that point, an not Bes, ak Weck allow oa ae jadgoens all tin—if we wi 1 0 In ming cat question, have placed dhe woes“ hi wor in pacts remind uth there mayan nec be a msl work bot that whe he hen the mance of ta Wek prt of de nate of | the petnnane, and whatever meals ima nie posses are par the eming of dae esene ap mporan par Sut only 2 pare Ido thi so ter orn one who Rar Tam gong igoore the par tat tbe sur of he work lyin eh nar of the eormnce een ta are ing deny is eistence altogether OF couse or; those se seques ff soundewe cll ork or pisces, of mas orn portant par of the frase economy of the modem woes fom the Nin Symphony of Reethoren to" Rudolph te Re Nosed Renees™ ‘Burthey ae no the whale of music andi fact re noc een ees sary for evo ete plea an be seen fom the ge uber of furan ‘sca clses ia which heen mech thing ana woe 0 wich ‘here arony these of ging, ing, stening and mos pba iy dancing ‘ur we sce da the wcond quai docs ae ecu the Ase but ater ube 2 rer ard owe comprehensive question. In ad- ion ifthe dein of musiking Tha offered kes alle coe thar alte ature thi vet which = pertormanc’ then ear mst include preparing for. That meas tht composing, practising and earings perorming, nd sting arent separate processes Do a all ‘Spain thc on ret human acy fart called msching Andi the _neiing ofthe orks parof the messing of he event then be opps ‘on berween “work” nen” expres Ca Daas does ot exit By expanding ou qusstoning to the trl perfomance we can ape sion the ssumptons ofthe Weer concretion ies oa, which cominae to dominate the was which we think about rss na tre cata tha radon, eit were from thecal a ama nd tese ‘is (ewas ac alwayrs) tanga sme might ven gna) goon ofthe ges ree czan of human musing. We may see also ha, Ivhen iene fom oui, eee lated fom het great ocean han ‘howe who look ony am ini may thinks perp to dha whatever ‘ity we can contin > Bd in ca i 5c aay has Ben, pro- heed by the quickening eff of th iii water of har grest ocean “Any theory of mushing, which iw ay any amenpe vo expan cag adit uncon in man thar canoe be sed acount or Ii human musicking, so mater bow sang, pomitie or even anes thei t may sem oor peptone not worth he paper wt fn Is ot asta gueion of why de Sane Mae Pon oS. Bch tthe Ninth Symphony of Betboen ar great works which they ‘Erbe rons we sept te premises om which they were comps Ie no even fst ghton of why people Bk to sng ane bea Prelude _ sii“Rudolph the Re Noss Reine or “Dees Your Qewing Gin Lave Ie Flavor onthe Bedpost Over Nigh” or why dratken of pals ike 19 ‘ger around the plano and sing Sod song together in atc amon emus ao espn why is tat abing pares poranc of te Sunt Masse Pasin o te Ninh Symphony or "Rudolph the Red Nosed Reindoo” sous in sores poner and ol emorional respon whe inches itinduces oni boredom and tan, ‘Bure thaoey must go Furter, nd bese o eps why Indonesians joy ling putin pestovmances of gulan music, why the Eve of ‘Giana ike lis ing nd dance 0 Afro Cban poplar ms wel ‘henna dace, and why may but by no meatal, Asn Americ keto sing and wo hea gospel songs emus abo be blew epi why 30 rary white peopl go foe Alton Aneean Bs, some of tem even coming suc ad adie practioner, why ep har becomes orn nd infer way of municking on both ss ofthe Amica olor res and how ir tht ease gigi Jpn Teast be able explain ia aoe is why members of one sal and clara group fern ter ways of musing fom menkers of = ter group but how is that members of one cure an comet under ‘and and enjoy and perhaps crete mundane he sen thes, emus expa alo bv seme misc eles bso domns, Sometimes acon the whole wor, whl ote rrnn conned 0 he ‘ll group within which they ogiatl. And of cour mae be able fo explain why people ike ro musi eal, Theres o dearth of sates many of them bilan and iuminaing, of musicking’ soil function, eat show the ways im which macking fants a social and even poi ace Nor do we do studies of ‘he daa snr of invasions, Fsons, coset and ybriaons that ean place way bean msn the word ene En eis ook theres 0 way in which T couk!posiy del wih ll hese phenomena cre if Thad the owe and experence wo So, Norn ng (Gren scruneof what asicking hs become ino ine or of ow igor tbe ds ways Il ave ie to say abou sing, oadtng or ‘whats become now the mic int ‘My purpose hr edifrent™at the ae time more modest and more ambisous Tis propos a amcor fr understanding al icing ‘thurman asivig to werd ner jas wba why aig params ‘al perrmanee asin ach complex waa on cur exe a inde, Sect nd polio beings. Whar am poping is ay of interpreting ‘what we aed on sb human ising, 8 hry of mn youl Who nea theory of musching? Sur sucha things tao aetemie tobe of ier ines or sae to odinay pple! Everyone, wheter aware of cor ot has What We et otal the cry of ticking, which ts an dea of what miko wh {Sos and of te pet plas oes AS long ar ha Sheer rertns socoascous and unthought about ic ot oly coals peopl and tht Ima actvties,bimiing and crcamverng tee cpa, bt lo fenders them ulnerable to manus yds thse wh havea inter ‘tin doing sofor purposes of powe, so prot Tisene of se inthisbook to make rade mere aware ofthe the arte of thir "he> so of mucking nd this be i Beer postion o take conta of ter ‘ns ves. A theory of muscking, ie the at isl, aoe jean afr (brie and “cued” peopl bn important component of oat dentanding of onscte snd of orators with ter people and the or entre with which we sit our plane, ei pis ater inthe wider sone. 7 7 everyone i tora musi then eveyone’ masa experienc a ‘Tac being 0, theory of musicking ie io ave ay Basin ea ie ime tnd up 1 bong tote agai he musa experience of ey man bag no ter who eo hema be oe how the experince wat sired. Forth reson I sll write intra are sls te con fre mil experince a can make thn and Tack i wa that ery reer est cing that I hate 5 agit is ber on expen Soif the meaning of muscles noe jst in rusia works but ia dew ‘si of = munca performance, where do we star lok fring hat ‘lune the work andthe event nd low ust undeneand#? ‘The answer I propose ss. The a of muscking estas inthe piace where ishappening eof resent, anita elton ‘hips that the meaning of te acts. Tay ar to be fan not only be ren thse orgaizd sounds which are convenonalysoughe of 3 ‘ing the su of muscl meaning br als between the people who are tain pare n whatever capac nde pefoomans: pd hey model, oF Send as mecahor fox, el elation 3 the prin in he prior ‘mance imagine them ob elope beeen pecon and peso, be ven nid rd okey been aman ah sent wo and ven prtup the superna wed. These report aes, perhaps ‘he mor iporant in human li, and how we era abo tem vogh ‘rihing i what ths book abou. ‘As we dl Se, dhe rebtonships of a musa pebemanee ae enor mol comple, too comply, imately tobe emped in word, But tha does nt mean tht the arto compe ot minds 9 encompass Prtade 3“Thea of msihing, ino oa, provider with a ngage by tne which wean Geto indesand and cat hs elton {pron rong hom unde the eases of ere. Thar binge ma ok ar wel arisen rod Sige seen ou wha cant ae beng eorte nabe pet Trane yp. To show the Kind of gus we might at of 3 prior franc; sal be euiningcxefly an important cen Weer, ‘Basal ature ancy a saptony smc se igh ake ple a2 ‘Socal anu inh dae wo Lam ing 0 yd ‘Senet whch to oo dep ce gna at a eee ‘cing per and; and toe he nes oe jue he mel ‘on hac being poe shor to he tor eve hat SONY “Shee hie eres or ing th cet ban ramp “The ie star tic to bean exper that mo ees of his book ihre unerpone kas oc, you wi hei be 2 {feck oberon api your own “Thesconi tars smpony coer Yr ered eet in Ween carn he ie ad ge a oe T gusto, Tow of fw wing ta 0 ch samp 0 ‘Sine ea hr Soe gue sue sal thse, and “Seely lie fe Bits plas kro cemine and 3k {Retin queso, Whe aly going er? Tove pate ber comcbering the topo of me eis my cater cps to eros = pony ons eee that ed Crplam aro do ths or thot vn ay ys ent wether dh vet orth wots ta a ple aig tec Toy tC ut th compl tee of mings 4m perma {hy sual peony anywhere an een a ee ihe or deste: Qu the coe rio esich or expeens of ‘Rnd afer alate ery lst cnn te once hal {bovabised ge angen ppear avenge nd hoe ual of Acad [Rncra mich he fe European eos osm ao ar maha pending Asia en ani mo he ay eh ‘Non ing a pony core the giccon Wi gone ov an ging, sort ct ik ha what Gn svomehng ste, someting “dcmaang” &“ashaiin™ {evo worse sins ply citi pat YP posto cartete spon nde any ther pertomane in Sch oicrtucbe ean Tangy wantt sow he ind of qusion hat we tig abt sand amot hp wong toe who show ache hee alang qs of smo conscremighe notions be lil id da tey wi uncover meanings they woul hee ao now shou. "Ano cason dat Thaveleaned fom yes sth Tam acta ing the ogy gue wud pnp fom Ueconeracing + mphony concert to charceing (and apparcaty, by impcaton wondering) ‘sil mascar3whole, As thes cic hve Ky pole out ne, Therese ote Kind of event within the cna secu chamber ric concer and opera, fo example, wel ol eas ad record evenings an while dey early poses many fares and meanings in ‘mmen wih sympbony concert the ao der fom them tn be ‘een rom te fc thar epetve ace, le thy velp ar identical To those crs T can only repeat that my itn i ot (pve a aokrcharacerzaton of clea music at simply to how the Sind of question one an sk of a parsing of muse performance “All thats, hve tn conf tha here tid, mote peo en Sor tling thesymptony encarta ceaple Irs om monn cont ‘ing ambien eatonhip withthe Wester ail radon, withthe ‘rks hac are astumed to comes it onthe one han ant, oa he ate ‘ah che inom hough andi which ei denies peed, ‘au Lstened 1 ok. Despite the at dar gre op al a Worl way ‘tom is beara, Twas brought up in that aon eared oa its ano sepertory I tena wo records and went whenever opportnies resem thes (ery ey up fm theo) eo and pre Imances ofthe maphonic and cham repertory; opera id not ome mp ‘ry ena wa to old 0 secuml is charms tl ga fingin te ‘eat of ey pats eer fa inate oro when I pa ry agnor new (CDs of wereld water ike the Emperor Concrete Rac ‘mano Second Concerto, when Il vet get pad in one Ahetwehernch rrp econ Tis hse aT eanot escape it and Tunsestand wal he on ting urge on the par of prformes 2 wel 2s of musa, ho fi, ad Batra to expe done opts es te sere 1 lf ocie okove playing sch piano works tht ation sae iin the reach of my modes technique nd ake every oppor 0 do *, bx in puican in pte. "Br fom he moment when J began 1 ated lage abl on cts, Ihave never eae in hat environment Loving to Bers 0 i the works bar tng unsomorabe daring the esas ew hey ‘ec presented fas prods» dep saben tt nee fet “he Jers. Now, in my Sevens year, Ihave come nee 0 ping down wha is wrong. do no feta ease with the socal elionshg ofconcer tb, [ean sy that they do not corespond wih my ideal of human elise, Forte hte na dsonance ere the meanings the ritioosipe—tat ae generac by the works that ace being Per Formed and thew thee generat bythe performance vn. Thave ao deiner thse eelingren anyone who might rad his bool nT hope that yacnowedging them eight athe sar Tean 01d create apeaanc of waning odo, Tsong per, however, at Tam ese infesting es may be hit exploration of oy lambwalereclngs might be of we ocr Bess mye iad er fps mun howe who fel exe te once al eno ‘ent but notin certain her seal enzonments—a juz rok eo cert forexanple. Ti any cue, Ido oe regret the disonancs, which as ove the yeas teen a ich sure of feeling and des, nor do feel any reenment int the alae or what appre my om sleacision om iT iS ths continuing ambalene fcnton sith te cule ofthe concert al eat ede me to rame = quesion~a subquestion, f you ike, ofthat ‘sich T mesa ew pas bake Wht dn men ae pat a po Fonmanc of Warn ort muse once ali the sing Yn of ‘he ree centr? Tal be deoringa uta pt ofthis Book 0 tm exploraon of hs guson “There ms be nk betwee the naire of aymgoni woes andthe ate of th evens thick hey replayed. That aks lel ase ean {cffom thea hat mow of them were splay diferent audiences fn under ferent condons fom those under which they ae played fe ene o today but mi onthe ater hand, ext, sce oly ‘rods iom acetain pec eperty ae payed modem symphony oncers, One dos not est "Ralph te Red Noved Reine?” there, of “bck and Tan Fanti” or “ese Pewe Me"; hey ae heard in exer paces unde ober conditions Thar ads eto adil question, which Testa to abu ms ak thre omehing un the mar of ‘rr of te eprory ema prfrming wd ening hn wr tiny chcumitance ge counter they Fla elton ld Ie? eo they sng sen song? Oreo pu ein newpaper elie ems seen Nest nang? Many people whore views [respec woul asset ‘ove guetions sim je. ‘Neverteles 1 el he ese or the prosecution has yet to be proved. ‘The trou esl fr the defense, in schools, us oles, and ‘erst aay be oneremgaticin dense of thee cent and onreage © {ism pegs fries we ae so ina cour of ly ae a aera Seance des ie good for iter, Bess, ar ong thy center tee sngament on muse objets and gore the music et, ening on mie tater haa musing, be les and epics ep spinning merely ed the question can nee be anoweed Maye tit why they oe Tn ay ‘tht sone eon the question must be asked in a Bw Wa sams obion ome ta performing hee woke under eran de comances gente iene meanings from performing them andet ‘ths Foe insane, whe at amatee pans using mater pode by Jose Han unde the mame o Pano Sonata in Ft and shaging oc Ing fr admission, plate plano os omple handed of my low sizens othe ine Catalan on wheel, people fom avai of oxupaons that cou be ala woking-l wellrmidle-las, os of whom now and who know me, a by sight inthe set I hink we eo peter making difieneesings rom thon ade when aes vit ‘1 pans performs fom tat sme mailto an anonymos paying (dnc ina big concer all Ath sete, ice we se both plying ‘fom the same materia, making moe ores the same sou iste same ‘eliionships, here mst ako be arevide of mening ta arecomoa 9 both performances Maybe i we knew comple where dhe dienes snd the snares ay, we shoud undersand comple the nate of ‘mas peformance. Ia ay ease the is steps taken when we ak the ‘gion Ween ggg ee? But do ao expect ror te any Gl or defnie answer to that any ‘the guesons ht may isin this book. In the ie place, So a0 ‘hin there ae fia an efnte ane 0 ay of the real mporane uation a hum I; there are only fl nd ues ater an ver a ida ead inthe direction of encichmene of experince cof is impoverseac. An in the seond ple, its one of the ssmpons cen wT wate tt you the ede, re pero capable of cong op ‘wit your own ase, juts Youarecapabe a doing your ona mask ing ALT hope eo doi lp fans the questions, fr if questions ae mot feared prope, then tee et ach bape of coming up with hor wef aves “Tce wl eines when inorder ro make a apt clea, Lave 0 propose an annter—an! Ido hie acivers of my en, many of fem "ng fl tha do ot ined een to yt keep nde rap, Ba ‘wed ay to my sade, I dence whether or ot you are wih ny snes ong sr yo see the theese quent eke "The major ofthis honk, thn wil ken up wth depo, a fine gaits Tineke i ofthe ceremony in Symphony Hala of ‘the human an sonic eaionships (ad he elspa between those Ison) eh are being genes hr is vere pode orn Pree | x7the same in in contepine at were 2 paral ext tha ephins wy [leet is important so andes he ate ofthese reasons: But anit i oneo the hes hs ook) whi he gers of musik a arculte many Kin of eltionsip a once, words, on the othr hn can deal nit thing oly one n,n ete no wa ey ean bem ober ce cago of maple smite mening tat te Be ‘ro msiking an do {shall herefore be oe wo pase fom tine tose in my desertion sd to inspite thee nee, which 1 bope (hl ae amore tenet undeeanding of my search forthe meaning of $l performance. Tey ar only loosely ataced the descrpoon that precedes them, and readers who wish continue flowing the Je serpon unnrerupted colt ese them 1 one sige and come back 19 them ee So et ws begin by ooking an isting cry around ws at his sy phony cance Fede noe mater oo mich were ts ang pi, oi [San interatonaleerony ht part oe atre, Te might be lg plein New York, Load, Tokyo, Wellington, Tape, Minis, Reka, fr Det, Tes, Wherever the Wester socrieindseal clue as {oncand wherever amie sha grows prosperous om ates there we shal find symphony concer aking plage sd concert al al tohowe de, A Place for Hearing * The dances are aie isa modern bing, a ince the Second World War The is ty yer rw ave een a dablng of the uber of pro fessonal aphony orchestra inthe work, he Weer csi msi ‘edison has moved io reas where was previously near, aan eplsion of eoncert hl uing hs ake le house dose rcess {elshir performance, Cours anit tht wish ig hier ino the "Uctelope” woeld an do so shrough the consrostion of + “ener fo the performing a," of which thecenterpce big emcee tal nd trough the etablshment of a pmphony orchestra ply ts Ti aton, ance i the older nda eounee fave died at ‘hs exiting nineter-oe-eptedscentry bl to smal oi ‘scien pine, otha projet at image that isa up to te ad have commisioned replacment, So toay oxen cont als ‘ely outtumber ode one. "As we apprsch the bulking, oft inpesson i ely to be ots rests Te andar in the cnscape, seven tetera psi feces hae was awh no capes pre, probably inthe fe Foe of the design and bung techoiogy of i day. Te ands most ely ona prominent son rie pers in pat, beside vero Inbar or athe foal poe fa cmple a cebu. Kes probaly ‘ected sigh apt om he comunercl center othe ey, pom si rounded by gedes and fountains, anda night iw most cee be zeae nthe wine dares nr with ght inset, Bescon ‘of eal in the pine world of commrce hr sarod wekom ing the nated wieh dignity and diet opulence but making 202 emp eo aac tele with thot ishing neon ign nrg fred posts which peso oui cinemas sn ther pact of poplar A Plc fr Heavng | 19