Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
May 2016
A Comparative Study of
Construction Cost and
Commercial Management
Services in the UK and China
rics.org/research
A Comparative Study of
Construction Cost and
Commercial Management
Services in the UK and China
rics.org/research
Funded by:
Amanprit Johal
Global Research and Policy Manager
ajohal@rics.org
Published by the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS)
RICS, Parliament Square, London SW1P 3AD
www.rics.org
The views expressed by the authors are not necessarily those of RICS nor any body
connected with RICS. Neither the authors, nor RICS accept any liability arising from
the use of this publication.
The RICS Research Trust, a registered
charity established by RICS in 1955
to support research and education
in the field of surveying.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any
form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any
information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Copyright RICS 2016
...............................................................................................................5
...............................................................................................................7
1.0 ...............................................................................................................17
1.1
.......................................................................................................17
1.2
..........................................................................................17
2.0 .................................................................................... 18
2.1
..................................................................................... 18
2.2
............................................................................................. 22
2.3
.................................................................... 24
2.4
........................................................................ 28
2.5
............................................................................................. 32
2.6
................................................................................ 33
3.0 .................................................................................... 34
3.1
............................................................................................. 34
3.2
........................................................... 35
3.3
................................................................... 36
3.4
................................................................... 36
3.5
................................................................... 38
3.6
........................................................................ 40
3.7
................................................................... 41
4.0 ........................................................................................................ 42
4.1
1-............................................................ 44
4.2
2-RICS .......................................... 44
4.3
3-................................................................................. 44
5.0 ........................................................................................................ 45
5.1
RICS ................................................................................................... 45
5.2
................................................................................................. 52
6.0 ........................................................... 55
6.1
..................................................................................... 56
6.2
............................................................................................. 58
6.3
.................................................................... 65
6.4
............................................................................................. 76
7.0 ........................................................................................................ 79
7.1
................................................................................ 80
7.2
................................................................................ 87
8.0 ..................................................................... 93
8.1
............................................................... 93
8.2
............................................................... 95
8.3
....................................................... 97
9.0 .............................................................................................................. 98
9.1
................................................................................ 98
9.2
CCCMF........................................ 99
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9.3
.......................................................................................101
9.4
...........................................................................................101
10.0 ......................................................................................................102
11.0 ACCMP...................................................104
12.0 B (ECP).............................................................115
AACE
APC
APM
Assoc RICS
BCIS
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(Ashworth
&Perera, 2015)
(Cartlidge, 2011)
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(Chen, et al
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5
2013
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60%
70%
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CapIT
3
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20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
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Excel
/Excel
BIM Measure, CostX
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20%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
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()
2013
2008
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
BIM
11
Adair Associates
1994
2007
20
250
3 -
14
Summers-Inman
2002
1995
120
100
8 1
Revit Vico
Summers-InmanCommission
Manager
IT
Summers-Inman
Summers-Inman
continued
12
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EC Harris
1912
2001
22,000
150
19
BIMP6
13
67
NRM
RICS
RICS
RICS
14
rics.org/research
RIBA
0
15
16
rics.org/research
1.0
1.1
1.2
19
Cartlidge
(2002)
(Lowe and
Leiringer, 2006) (Perera and Pearson,
2011)
1.
2.
3. RICS
4.
5.
6.
1978
1991-
2003
17
2.0
2.1
2.1.1
Ried1999
Hamilton,
1997
Clough and Sears, 1991
Woodward, 1997
Hamilton, 2001; Huges et al., 2006
18
2.1.2 RIBA
RIBA1963
(RIBA, 2013)
Angela Brady
(RIBA, 2013)RIBA2013
RIBA,20132007RIBA
2013RIBA
21
RIBA
2013
RIBA1963
rics.org/research
2.1
2013RIBA
2013RIBA
2
4
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2013
2013
19
2.1
2013RIBA
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0-
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2-
3-
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5-
6-
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20
rics.org/research
2.1.3
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Peter Gershon
(Gershon, 1999)
Gershon
Gershon
Gershon19992000
2.1.3.1
NAO2004
2.2
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NAO 2004
2007a
2.2
21
2.1.4
2.2.2 -
EPSRC
1990
BOTPFIPPP.
2.2
Franks,
1984
PPP
PFIPPP2.2
2.2.1
22
2.2.3
(Cartildge, 2013)
2.2.4
2.2.4.1 PPP/PFI
PFI ()-
PPP
PF2
PFIPF2PF2
PF2
,
2012
2.2.4.2
2.2.4.3
2.2.4.4
rics.org/research
2.2
23
2.3
2.3.1
14:28
1859
170 (Seeley
and Winfield, 1999; Ashworth,Hogg and Higgs, 2013
) 1864RICSRICS
140182
RICS
(Kirkham, 2007)
(Seeley, 1997)
197020001971
(Cartlidge, 2013)
1998
(Potts, 2008)
2.3.2
(Ashworth and
Hogg, 2007; Kirkham, 2007)
24
(Ashworth and
Hogg, 2007)
(Ashworth and Hogg, 2007)
2.3.3
(Kirkham,
2007)RICS
RICS,2002
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(Duncan, 2011)
(Kirkham, 2007;
Potts, 2008)
(Potts, 2008)
2.3.4
2.3.4.1
(Kirkham, 2007)
BCIS
1950
RICS BCIS)
(Potts, 2008)
(Duncan, 2011)
2.3
2.3.4.2
(Potts, 2008)
2.3.4.3
(Potts,
2008)
(Potts, 2008)
2.3.4.4
1998SMM7RICS
BEC2012RICS
NRM2SMM7
2.3.5
(Potts, 2008)
(Potts, 2008)
(Ashworth
and Hogg, 2007)).
25
2.3.5.1
JCT2005
4.11
2.3.5.2
(Potts, 2008)
2.3.5.3
2.3.5.4
2.3.5.5
(RICS, 2010)
2.3.6.1
(Towey, 2012)
Towey (2012)
Lowe and Leiringer (2005)
/
28
(Ashworth and
Hogg, 2007)
Ramus (2006)
26
2.3.6
CVR
(Walker and Wilkie,
2002)
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2.3.7
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(Potts, 2008)
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(CIOB, 1997)
(Potts, 2008)
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(Potts, 2008)
//
27
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2.3
2.3
28
rics.org/research
2.4
2.4
BCIS
(RICS, 2014)
BCIS
http://www.rics.org/Global/BCIS_Elemental_
Standard_Form_of_Cost_Analysis_4th__NRM__
Edition_2012.pdfNRM1
(RICS,
2014)
2.4.1.2
2.5
(NRM2):
(NRM2):
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(NRM1):
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
29
2.4.2
2.4.2.1
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100
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30
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20137SMM7
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3
41
2.6NRM2
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2.4.3
2.4.3.3
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(RICS, 2000)
2.4.3.4
(Cartildge, 2013)
2.4.3.2
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2.7
A
B
C
X
Y
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Y
Z
31
2.5
JCT
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IC
(Towey,2013)1996
(Towey,2013)
DB
2.5.2 JCT
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MP
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AQ
SBC/XQ
32
MW
CM/A
MC
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2.5.3 NEC
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1993NEC3
2005Latham (1994) NEC
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2.5.4 FIDIC
1913
1999
(Towey, 2013)
2.5.5
GC/Works/1 (1998):
-ICE 71999
rics.org/research
2.6
2.6.1
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2.6.2
(OGC,
2008)
(DETR2001)
/
1940
WLC
2003
(OGC, 2003)WLC
PPP/PFI (Ashworth and
Perera, 2015 , Cartlidge, 2013)
2.6.3
NAO
2001NAO
PFIPFI
PFI
33
3.0
3.1
1996(Wu, 2014)
20
1985
(Shen and Song, 1998;
Ding & Smith, 2012)
(Wu, 2014)
2003
(GB50500-2003)
(Zhou &
Yin, 2013)
34
30
rics.org/research
3.2
(Wu, 2014;
Zhou and Yin, 2013)
3.1
3.1
35
3.3
3.4
3.2
3.3
36
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3.4.1
3.4.3
3.4.2
(Wu, 2014)
37
3.5
3.4.
3.4
38
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3.5.3
3.5.1.1
3.5.3.1
(GB/T50875)
2009
3.5.1.2
(GB/T50531
2009
3.5.1.3
3.5.3.2
2007
3.5.3.3
2010
3.5.3.4
2007
20102014
3.5.2
3.5.3.6
3.5.2.1
(GB50500)
3.5.2.2
2014
3.5.2.3
3.5.3.5
2013
2013
3.5.3.7
2013
3.5.4
3.5.4.1
,
2013
(GBT50353)
2015
1982
3.5.5
3.5.2.4
3.5.2.5
3.5.2.4
3.5.5.1
3.5.5.2
3.5.5.3
3.5.2.6
39
3.6
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3.6.1
3.6.3
3.5
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3.6.2
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3.7
3.6
3.7.1
3.7.2
3.7.3
3.5
41
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.1
A Comparative Study of Construction Cost and Commercial Management Services in the UK and China
Phase One
Phase Two
Phase Three
42
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4.2
25%
100%
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43
4.1 1
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5.0
5.1 Royal Institution of
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5.1.1.1 RICS
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45
5.1
RICS
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1834
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1891
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12 Alfred Waterhouse
1921
1922
1930
1946
1953
1966
1970
1973
1975
1983
Richard Lay
1998
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2000
2001
167
2003
400
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120,000
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125
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46
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5.1
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5.7
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5.1.3.1
51
5.2
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19907
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3.
4.
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7.
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5.3
2012
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352
143000
126000
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7
8
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10 60%60%
10
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7
52
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5.2.1.3
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5.2.1.4
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5.4
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5.2.2.2
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54
5.2.2.3
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6.0
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100
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55
6.1
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56
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6.2
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10%
5%
6.3
6.4
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60%
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50%
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40%
50%
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6.2.3.2
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6.2.4
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60
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6.12
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6.2.5.1
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6.2.5
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50%
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30%
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6.2.4.2
6.13
6.15
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6.1616
6.17
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
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61
6.14
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
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80%
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6.15
10%
62
20%
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6.16
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
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63
6.17
10%
64
20%
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40%
50%
60%
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6.3
6.18
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6.21
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52%
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6.21
60%
50%
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66
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6.22
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40%
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6.24
67
6.3.3
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50%
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6.296.28
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6.30
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6.3.3.4
60%
35%
15%6.31
50%
40%
30%
20%
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68
rics.org/research
6.29
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50%
40%
40%
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30%
6.28
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60%
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40%
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6.31
6.30
69
6.3.4
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6.3.4.1
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6.32
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6.3.4.2
6.34
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6.35
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Figure 6.33
60%
50%
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70
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6.35
60%
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6.34
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20%
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6.37
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6.36
71
6.3.5
6.38
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56%
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6.39
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3
CapIT
RICS
JCT
NEC
FIDIC
72
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
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6.39
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
FIDIC
()
2013
2008
73
6.3.6
6.40
40%
12%
6.41/
6.40
50%35%
10%
40%
6.42
Excel
Excel/
BIMMeasure, CostX
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Excel
BCIS
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In-house
Microsoft Project
Bluebeam
Lu Ban/Guanginanda
BIMMeasure
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CostX
Snape Vector
NBS
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74
BIM
90%
100%
rics.org/research
6.41
60%
50%
Percentage
(%)
40%
30%
20%
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()
RICS
Acknowledgement
The research team would like to acknowledge the immense support and contributions made by number
of people in the completion of the project including Mr Alan Muse, Mr Stewart Earl, Mr Roland Finch
and other members of staff of RICS and RICS Research Trust, Mr Michael Henning (Henning Project
Management), Mr Chris Winks and other members of staff from Northumbria University and to all case
study interviewees from EC Harris, Summers-Inman and Adair Associates.
Further, we extend our thanks to Mr Wu Zuoming, Mr James Y. Sue and other officials of China
Engineering Cost Association (CECA), RICS China, members of Shandong Jianzhu University,
Beijing Jinmawei Consultation of Engineering, Shanghai Shenyuan Property Consultants and
Wanlong Construction Engineering for supporting data collection in China.
122
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