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Lecture: 1
Response Due to Harmonic Excitation Forces
F (t ) F 0 sin t
amplitude of forces
C x
k x
m x
F0 sin t
Equilibrium Equation
m x C x k x F0 sin t
Homogeneous solution transient solution decays exponentially with time
m x C x k x 0
x A exp ( n t ) sin (d t )
On the other hand particular solution does not vanish as time unfolds and is known as steady
solution.
Particular solution A steady state oscillation of frequency . We can assume the particular
solution to be of the form
x X sin ( t )
Where is the angle by which the displacement x lags the force F0 or the response lagsbehind
the applied force.
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m 2 X
F0
C X
Force Polygon
kX
Referance
x X sin ( t )
x X cos ( t ) X sin ( t
x 2 X sin ( t )
Considering the above vectorial representation we can write
(kX m 2 X ) 2 ( C X ) 2
X
tan
F02
F0
m 2
C
k m 2
Complete solution
x A exp n t sin d t
Transient Solution
F0 sin ( t )
k mC
2 2
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F0
k
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A
, Dynamic amplification factor
Ast
k
m
Notifing that n
r Frequency ratio
2k
Cc
1
2
2
1 C
k
n
C
Cc
C
C
2k
2 r
and
k
k
n
n k
Ast
1 r 2r
2
tan
2 r
1 r2
m x(t ) Cx (t ) kx(t ) F (t )
F (t ) kf (t ) k A sin t
Where is the excitation frequency, sometimes referred to as driving frequency. The above
equation can be rewritten as
m x(t ) Cx (t ) k x(t ) k A sin t
or , x(t ) 2 n x (t ) n 2 x(t ) An 2 sin t
Let the solution is x(t ) C1 sin t C2 cos t
Substituting this in the above equation we can write the left hand side (LHS) as
2 C1 sin t C2 cos t 2 n C1 cos t C2 sin t n 2 C1 sin t C2 cos t
C1 n 2 2 C2 2 n sin t C2 n 2 2 C1 2 n cos t
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Equating the coefficient of sin t & cos t respectively on the both sides of the equation, we
obtain two algebraic equations
2
n
2 C1 2 nC2 n 2 A
2 n C1
2
n
C2
2
(1)
0 ( 2)
(2)
C1
n 2 2
C2
2 n
2 2
(n2 2 ) n
2 n
C2 2 nC2
2 2 2 4 2 2 2
n
C2 n
2
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n 2 A
2
n A
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C2
2 n
2
n
2 n
2 2
n 2 2
2 n
and C1
n2 A
2
n
2 2
1
n
2
n A
2
2 n
2 n
2
n
x(t )
n 2 2
2
n
2 2
n2 A
2 2
sin t 2 cos t
n
n
A
2
2
2
1 2
n
n
1
n
Define
2
n
2 2
2
n
n
Where,
2 2
2
n
n
X ( ) sin ( t )
X ( )
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tan -1
cos
sin
A
2 2
2
1
2
n
n
2
and
n
1
x(t )
1
n
2 2
2
1 2
n
n
1
n
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