P13-19

The flow through a reactor is 10dm3/min. A pulse test gave the

following concentration measurement at the outlet:
t (min)
0
0.4
1.0
2
3
4
5
6
8
10

(a)

c 105
0
329
622
812
831
785
720
650
523
418

t (min)
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
60

c 105
238
136
77
44
25
14
8
5
1

Plot the external age distribution E(t) as a function of

time.
E (t)=

C (t)

C ( t ) dt
0

The integral in the denominator

(
0

C ( t ) dt

is the area under the C

curve and it can be integrated numerically by Simpson rule.

10

50

60

C ( t ) dt C ( t ) dt+ C ( t ) dt+ C ( t ) dt+ C ( t ) dt

0

10

50

C ( t ) dt= 13 [ 1 ( 0 )+ 4 ( 622 ) +2 ( 812 ) +4 ( 831 )+2 ( 785 ) + 4 ( 720 ) +1 ( 650 ) ] ( 105 ) =0.0418
0

10

C ( t ) dt= 23 [ 1 ( 650 )+ 4 ( 523 ) +1 ( 418 ) ] ( 105 )=0.0211

6

50

C ( t ) dt= 53 [ 1 ( 418 ) +4 (238 )+ 2 ( 136 )+ 4 ( 77 ) +2 ( 44 ) +4 ( 25 )+ 2 ( 14 ) +4 ( 8 ) +1 ( 5 ) ] ( 105 ) =0.0367

10

60

[ 1 ( 5 ) +1 ( 1 ) ] ( 105 )=0.0003
C ( t ) dt= 10
2
50

C ( t ) dt=0,0418+0,0211+ 0,0367+0,0003=0.0999 0.1

0

So,

E (t)=

C (t)
0.1

E(t)
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05

E(t) 0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

t [min]

and we
get:
T

E(t)

(min)
0
0.4
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
60

(b)

0
0.0329
43
0.0622
81
0.0813
06
0.0832
08
0.0786
02
0.0720
94
0.0650
85
0.0523
68
0.0418
54
0.0238
31
0.0136
18
0.0077
1
0.0044
06
0.0025
03
0.0014
02
0.0008
01
0.0005
01
0.0001

Plot the external age cumulative distribution F(t) as a

function of time.
t

F ( t )= E ( t ) dt
0

From the data gotten in the previous answer, we can plot the
external age cumulative F(t) as a function of time.

F(t)
1.2
1
0.8

F(t) 0.6
0.4
0.2
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

t [min]

(c)

What are the mean residence time tm and the variance,

2?

t m= tE ( t ) dt
0

t
0
0.4
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
10

= ( tt m )2 dt
2

E(t)

t E(t)

0
0.0329
43
0.0622
81
0.0813
06
0.0832
08
0.0786
02
0.0720
94
0.0650
85
0.0523
68
0.0418
54

0
0.0131
77
0.0622
81
0.1626
11
0.2496
25
0.3144
09
0.3604
69
0.3905
08
0.4189
45
0.4185
44

0
2.9878
59
4.9594
37
5.1046
09
3.9886
49
2.7580
44
1.7476
61
1.0019
37
0.1937
68
0.0002
45

t
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
60

E(t)
0.0238
31
0.0136
18
0.0077
1
0.0044
06
0.0025
03
0.0014
02
0.0008
01
0.0005
01

t E(t)
0.3574
65
0.2723
54
0.1927
51
0.1321
72
0.0876
14
0.0560
73
0.0360
47
0.0250
33
0.0060
0.0001
08

2
0.6141
28
1.3826
67
1.7524
79
1.7757
86
1.5741
15
1.2680
77
0.9855
66
0.8041
06
0.2510
91

t m= tE ( t ) dt=the areaunder the tE ( t ) curve

0

By using Simpson rule, we get

t m= tE ( t ) dt=9.9236 min .
0

2= ( tt m )2 dt=the area under 2 ( t ) curve

0

By using Simpson rule, we get

2= ( tt m )2 dt=75.235 min .
0

(d)

What are fraction of the material spends between 2

and 4 min in the reactor?

4

t 2 4= E ( t ) dt=the shaded areaon E ( t ) curve

2

By using, Simpson rule, we get:

4
1
t 2 4= E ( t ) dt= [ 1 ( 0.0813 ) + 4 ( 0.0832 )+ 1 ( 0.0786 ) ] =0.1642
3
2