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Chemical Reaction
1.

Why do potato chips manufacturers fill the packet of chips with nitrogen gas?

2.

A student has been colleting silver and copper coins. One day he observed that a black coating on silver
coins and a green coating on copper coins. Give the chemical names of the black and green coatings. How
are they formed?

3.

Tap water conducts electricity whereas distilled water does not. Explain, Why?

4.

Five metals A, B, C, D and F are added to the following solutions one by one. The observations made are
below :

Metal

Iron(II) sulphate

Copper(II) sulphate

Zinc sulphate

Silver nitrate

Aluminium sulphate

No reaction

Reddish brown deposit

Coating on it

Coating on it

---

Grey deposit

---

No reaction

Coating on it

---

No reaction

No reaction

No reaction

White deposit

---

No reaction

No reaction

No reaction

No reaction

No reaction

---

Reddish brown deposit

New coating

New coating

No reaction

Answer the following questions based on above observationsi.

Which is the most active metal and which is the least reactive? Why?

ii.

What would be observed when (a). B is added to a solution of copper (II) sulphate and (b). E is
added to the solution of iron sulphate? Explain, why?

iii.

Arrange the metals A, B, C, D and E in order of increasing reactivity.

iv.

Container of which metal can be used to store both zinc sulphate solution and silver nitrate
solution.

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v.
5.

Which of the above solutions can be easily stored in a container made up of these metals?

Identify the type of chemical reaction taking place in each of the following
i.

Barium chloride solution is mixed with copper sulphate solution and a white precipitate is formed.

ii.

On heating copper powder in air in a china dish, the surface of the copper powder turns black.

iii.

On heating green coloured sulphate crystals, reddish brown solid is left and smell of gas having
odour of burning sulphur is experienced.

iv.

White silver chloride turns grey in sunlight.

v.

Barium hydroxide reacts with ammonium chloride solution to give ammonia, barium chloride and
water.

vi.

Iron nails when left dipped in blue copper sulphate solution become brownish in colour and the blue
colour of copper sulphate fades away.

vii.

Quick lime reacts vigorously producing a hissing sound with water releasing a large amount of
heat.

6.

What is the colour of ferrous sulphate crystals? How does this colour change after heating? Name the
products formed on strongly heating ferrous sulphate crystals. What type of chemical reaction occurs in this
change?

7.

What is an oxidation reaction? Give an example. Is oxidation an exothermic or endothermic reaction?

8.

Define combustion reaction. Give an example of combustion reaction which is also exothermic.

9.

Why should magnesium wire be cleaned before burning in air?

10. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction which is used in black and white photography.
11. In electrolysis of water, why is the volume of gas collected over one electrode is double that of gas collected
over the other electrode?
12. What is observed when a solution of potassium iodide is added to a solution of lead nitrate taken in a test
tube? What type of reaction is this? What is the colour of the product formed? Write a balanced chemical
equation to represent the above reaction.
13. Crystals of copper sulphate are heated in a test tube. What is the colour of the copper sulphate crystals
before and after heating? What is the source of liquid droplets seen on the upper inner side of test tube
during heating?
14. State which of the chemical reactions will take place or not, giving suitable reason for each

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Zn (s) + CuSO4 (aq) ------> ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)
Fe (s) + ZnSO4 (aq) ------> FeSO4 (aq) + Zn (s)
Zn (s) + FeSO4 (aq) ------> ZnSO4 (aq) + Fe (s)
15. Why do ionic compounds conduct electricity in aqueous solution and not in solid state?
16. Identify the type of chemical reaction in
Na2 SO4 (aq) + BaCl2 (aq) ------>BaSO4 (s) + NaCl (aq).
17. What happens to the crystals of sodium carbonate, if they are (i). left open in air, (ii). heated? Write chemical
equations to support your answer.
18. State electrolytic decomposition with the help of an example.
19. What are the effects of oxidation reaction in everyday life? Define these terms with an example each.
20. Balance the following chemical reactions

21. What are the decomposition reaction, combination reaction, precipitation reaction, endothermic reaction,
exothermic reaction, thermal decomposition reaction, displacement reaction and double displacement
reaction? Explain each with one example?
22. A person wanted his house to be whitewashed. He bought 15 Kg of quick lime and dissolved it in 30 liters of
water. On adding lime to water he noticed that the water started boiling even when it was not being heated.
Hive reason for his observation. Write the corresponding chemical equation and name product formed.
23. Which one of the following reaction is combination reaction
(a) a magnesium wire is burnt in air,
(b) limestone is heated,
(c)proteins are converted into amino acids and
(d) electricity is passed through water.
24. Which type of reactions are represented by the following equations

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25. What are redox reactions? Explain with example.

26. A student dropped a few pieces of marble in dilute hydrochloric acid contained in a test tube. The involved
gas was passed through lime water. What change would be observed in lime water? Write balanced
chemical equation for both the changes observed.
27. What is meant by photochemical decomposition? Explain with an example.
28. Identify the substances oxidised, substances reduced, oxidising agents and the reducing agents in the
following reactions

29. Write two examples of everyday life, where redox reactions are taking place.
30. Food items can be preserved for longer time when kept in refrigerator. What is chemical reason behind this
fact?
31. Consider the following reaction NaOH + HCl -------> NaCl + H2O
i.

What type of reaction is represented by this equation?

ii.

Can this reaction be given any other name also?

32. Give reasons for the following

i.

Keeping food in air tight containers help in preventing rancidity.

ii.

Moist air and acidic gases are not good for some metals.

iii.

White coloured silver chloride turns grey when kept in sunlight.

iv.

Decomposition reaction called the opposite of combination reaction.

v.

Can a displacement be a redox reaction?

vi.

Corrosion of aluminium is considered to be advantageous.

vii.

Hydrogen peroxide is kept in coloured bottles.

viii.

Quick lime is used in whitewashing the walls.

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ix.

Respiration is considered an exothermic process.

x.

We cannot stir silver nitrate solution with copper spoon.

xi.

Gold and platinum do not get affected even if there is a presence of moist air and acidic gases.
33. What are the two methods which can prevent the rancidity of fatty foods?
34. What type of reaction takes place when vegetable matter gets decomposed into compost?
35. How will you define rust chemically? Write the steps to prevent rusting.
36. Name the agents that can cause corrosion of metals.
37. What type of coating is formed on silver articles when they get corroded?
38. Write the observations which help us to determine that a chemical reaction has taken place.
39. What is a chemical reaction? What is the principle used in balancing the chemical equation?
40. What happens during digestion? Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction involved in digestion.
41. A lead salt on heating brown fumes. Name the lead compound. What are the brown fumes due to? Write the
balanced chemical equation for the reaction involved.
42. When brown copper powder is heated in a china dish, it becomes black. Name the black coloured
compound. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction involved. How can you make it brown
again?
43. Is corrosion always harmful? Justify your answer with the help of an example.
44. What type of salts is formed in precipitation reactions?

Magnetic Effect
1.

i. Draw the pattern of the magnetic field lines of current carrying solenoid.
ii. What does the pattern of the field lines inside the solenoid indicate?
iii. Write one application of the current carrying solenoid.

2.

A student performs an experiment to study magnetic effect of current around a current carrying conductor.
He reports that
i. For a given battery, the degree of closeness of a north pole decreases when the compass needle is kept at
a point farther away from the conductor.

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ii. The direction of deflection of north-pole of a compass needle kept at a given point near the conductor
remains unaffected even when the terminals of the same battery sending current in the wire are interchange.
Which of the above observations of the student appears to be wrong and why?
3.

a. Explain the meaning of electromagnetic and induction in electromagnetic induction.

b. On what factors does the value of induced current produced in a circuit depend?
c. Name and state the rule used for determination of direction of induced current.
d. State one practical application of this phenomenon in everyday life.

4.

a. Sketch magnetic field lines around a current carrying straight conductor.

b. What is meant by the term frequency of alternating current? What is its value in India?
c. Why is AC considered to be advantageous over DC for long range transmission of electrical energy?

5.

a. Why does a current carrying conductor kept in a magnetic field experiences force?
b. On what factors does the direction of this force depend?
c. Name and state the rule for the determination of direction of this force.

6.

a. What is magnetic field? How can the direction of magnetic field lines at a place be determined?
b. State the rule for the direction of magnetic field produced around a current carrying conductor.
c. Draw sketch of field lines due to a current carrying straight conductor.
d. What is an electric fuse? What is its function in the circuit?

7.

a. What is solenoid?
b. Draw a sketch of pattern of field lines of magnetic field through and around a current carrying solenoid.
c. Consider a circular loop of wire lying in the plane of the table. Let the current pass through the loop
clockwise. Apply the right hand rule to find out the direction of magnetic field inside and outside the loop.

8.

a. When is the force experienced by a current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field the largest?
b. State the rule which gives the direction of magnetic field associated with a current carrying conductor.
c. What will be the frequency of an AC, if the direction changes after every 0.02 second?

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d. Complete an electric circuit to demonstrate that an electric current carrying wire behaves like a magnet. If
a compass needle is placed near the wire, what happens to it on flowing current in the circuit? What
happens, if the direction of the current is reversed?
9.

a. What is a uniform magnetic field? Draw a diagram to represent uniform magnetic field.
b. A positively charged particle projected towards east is deflected towards north by magnetic field. What is
the direction of magnetic field?
c. State the rule applied by you to find the answer of part (b). d. Describe an activity to show, how you can
make an electromagnet in your school library.

10. Imagine you are sitting in a room with your back to one wall. An electron beam, moving horizontally from
front wall towards the back wall, is deflected by a magnetic field to your right side. What is the direction of
magnetic field? Name the rule applied. State the rule also.
11. Draw a labeled diagram of an electric motor. What is the function of a motor? Name three devices in which
electric motors are used.
12. A coil of insulated copper wire is connected to a galvanometer. What will happen if a bar magnet is
(i). Pushed into the coil,
(ii). Withdrawn from inside the coil,
(iii). Held stationary inside coil.
13. a. Name any one device which gives
i. Direct current
ii. Alternating current.
b. An alternating current has a frequency of 50Hz. How many times does it change its direction in 1 second?
c. A current through a horizontal power line flows in east to west direction. What is direction of magnetic field
i. at a point directly below it?
ii. at a point directly above it.
14. a. What is an electromagnet? State two ways, by which the strength of an electromagnet can be increased.
b. On what factors does the magnetic field produced at the centre of a current carrying circular loop depend?
c. State Flemmings Right hand Rule. How does a solenoid behave like a bar magnet?

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15. An electric motor of 2kW power rating is operated in a domestic electric circuit (220V) that has a current
rating of 6A. What result do you expect? Give reasons.
16. The following diagram shows two straight current carrying wires. Copy the diagram and draw the pattern of
lines of force around them and mark their directions.

17. a. Draw two filed lines around a magnet along its length on its two sides and mark field direction on them by
arrow marks.
b. Under what condition is force experienced by current carrying conductor placed in magnetic field max.?
c. On what factors does the direction of force experienced depend when placed in a magnetic field?
d. Describe an activity to show that due to motion of a magnet near the solenoid an induced current is set up
in the coil.
18. a. State the Right Hand rule to find the direction of magnetic field around a current carrying straight
conductor.
b. What is electromagnetic induction? Name a device where it is used?
c. Briefly explain different ways to induce current in a coil.
19. A rectangular coil ABCD is placed between the poles of a horseshoe magnet as shown

i. What is the direction of force on each arm? ii. What is the effect of the forces on the coil? iii. How is the
effect of forces on coil changed
if the terminals of battery are interchanged?
20. What is overloading of domestic electric circuit? What precautions should be taken to avoid such
overloading?

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21. Write the properties of the magnetic field lines. Why dont two magnetic field lines intersect each other? List
three sources of magnetic filed.
22. A positively charged particle (a particle) projected towards north is deflected towards west by a magnetic
field. Find the direction of magnetic field.
23. Write the direction of magnetic field at a given point on a current carrying conductor? How can it be
represented graphically?
24. At what place of a magnetic field are the magnetic field lines denser? What is direction of magnetic field
lines inside a magnet?
25. Explain the function of commutator and the brushes used in an electric motor. Name some devices in which
electric motors are used.
26. What is an electromagnet? List any of its two uses. Draw a labeled diagram to show how an electromagnet
is made. What is the purpose of the soft iron core used in making an electromagnet?
27. Diagram below shows a circuit containing a coil wound over a long and thin hollow cardboard tube. Copy the
diagram

(i). Show the polarity acquired by each face of the solenoid.

(ii). Draw the magnetic field lines inside the coil with directions. (iii). Mention two methods to increase the
strength of magnetic field inside the coil.
28. Draw a labeled diagram of an electric motor. Explain its principle and working. What is the function of split
ring in an electric motor?
29. In the diagram shown alongside-

a. Name the type of current in two cases.

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b. Identify any one source for each type of these currents.
c. What is the frequency of current in case (b) in India?
d. Use above graphs to write 2 differences between the current in two cases.
30. How does a solenoid behave like magnet? Can you determine the North pole and the South pole of a
current carrying solenoid with the help of a bar magnet? Explain.
31. Write the principles on which the electric motor and DC generator works.
32. What were the observations made by Oersted in his experiment? State the rule which you use to find the
direction of induced current.
33. What constitutes the field of a magnet? How can you show that the magnetic field produced by a given
electric current in the wire decreases as the distance from the wire increases?
34. Two circular coils A and B are placed closed to each other. If the current in the coil A is changed, will some
current be induced in the coil B? Give reason.
35. What is the function of an earth wire? Why is it necessary to earth metallic appliances?
36. Name three colours used and names of the wires used in household wiring.
37. a. Why does a compass needle get deflected when brought near a current carrying conductor?
b. A rectangular coil of copper wire is rotated in a magnetic field. After what revolutions does the direction of
induced current change?
38. The diagram alongside shows two ways of connecting three bulbs A, B and C to 220 V main in a room.
Name the two arrangements. Which of them would you prefer for household electricity? Give two reasons.

39. State the rule to determine the direction of a

a) Magnetic field produced around a conductor carrying current.
b) The force experienced by current carrying straight conductor placed in a magnetic field perpendicular to it.
c) Current induced in a coil due to its rotation in a magnetic field.

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40. What is short circuit? When does an electric short circuit occur?
41. How can it be shown that a magnetic field exists around a wire through which current is passing?
42. What will be the frequency of an alternating current if its direction changes after every 0.01 s?

43. The given figure shows a solenoid wound around an iron core. Will the end A be a North Pole, when the
Electricity
1.

Two students perform the experiments on series and parallel combination of two given resisters R1 and
R2 and plot the following V-I graphs. This of the two graphs correctly represents the labels series and
parallel. Justify your answer.

2.

Two metallic wires A and B of the same material are connected in parallel. Wire A has length l and radius r.
wire B has length 2l and radius 2r. Calculate the ratio of the equivalent resistance in parallel combination
and the resistance of the wire A.

3.

You are given two resistors of 5? and 20?, a battery of emf 2.5 V, a key and an ammeter. Draw a circuit
diagram of all given components such that ammeter gives a reading of 0.1 A.

4.

The electrical resistivity of few materials is given below in ?m. Which one of these materials has the highest
electrical conductivity and which has the lowest?
A (6.84x10-8),
B (1.60x10-8),
C (1.00x10-4),
D (2.50x1012),
E(4.40x10-5)
and F (2.30x1017).

5.

A piece of wire of resistance 20? is drawn out so that its length is increased to twice its original length.
Calculate the resistance of the wire in the new situation.

6.

Two resistors with resistances

(i) 5 ? and 10 ?
(ii) 10 ? and 15 ?
respectively are to be connected to a battery of emf
(i) 6 V,
(ii) 12 V so as to obtain

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a) minimum current flowing,
b) maximum current flowing.
a. How will you connect these resistances in each coil?
b. Calculate the strength of total current in the circuit in the two cases.

Acids, Bases and Salts

1.

During summer season, a milkman usually adds a very small amount of baking soda to milk. Why?

2.

Tooth enamel is one of the hardest substances in our body. How does it undergo damage due to eating
chocolates and sweets? How do toothpastes prevent this damage?

3.

How are all the acids and bases similar? Explain.

4.

Baking soda is used in small amounts in making breads and cakes. It helps to make thes4e soft and spongy.
An aqueous solution of baking soda turns red litmus blue. It is also used in soda acid fire extinguisher. Use
this information to answer the following questions
i. How does baking soda help to make cakes and breads soft and spongy?
ii. How does it help in extinguishing fire?
iii. Is the pH value of baking soda solution lower than or higher than 7?

5.

Dry HCl gas does not turn blue litmus red whereas hydrochloric acid does. Give one reason.

6.

A student drooped few pieces of marble in dilute hydrochloric acid contained in a test tube. The evolved gas
was passed through lime water. What change would be observed in lime water? Write balanced chemical
equation when (i) gas was evolved (ii) gas was passed through lime water.

7.

Answer the following questions

i. Why is the formula of Plaster of Paris written as CaSO4.H2O? How is it possible to have half of water
molecule attached to CaSO4?
ii. Why is sodium bicarbonate an essential ingredient of most antacids?
iii. Sodium bicarbonate is an essential ingredient of baking powder. What is the function of it?
iv. When electricity is passed through aqueous solution of NaCl, three products are obtained. Why this
process is called chlor-alkali process?

8.

Fresh milk has a pH of 6. When it changes into curd, will its pH value increase or decrease? Why?

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9.

A compound which is prepared from gypsum has the property of hardening when mixed with a proper
quantity of water. Identify the compound. Write the chemical equation for its preparation. For what purpose it
is used in hospitals?

10. Why does tooth decay start when the pH of mouth is lower than 5.5?
11. What effect does an increase in concentration of hydrogen ion in a solution have on the pH of the solution?
12. Why does 1 M HCl solution have a higher concentration of H+ ions than 1M CH3COOH solution?
13. Write the name and chemical formula of calcium compound used for disinfecting drinking water. How is this
compound manufactured?
14. Why are acid not stored in metal containers? Containers made from which materials are safe to store acids?
15. How will you prepare bleaching powder? Give chemical reaction involved. Why is tartaric acid added along
with sodium bicarbonate in baking powder?
16. What is pH? How does pH change on changing H+ concentration? How does acidic or basic nature
change?
17. Answer the following questions a. A metal compound A reacts with dilute HCl to produce effervescence.
The gas evolved extinguishes a burning candle. Write balanced chemical equation for the reaction if one of
the compounds formed is calcium chloride.
b. Why do HCl, HNO3, etc show acidic characters in aqueous solution while solutions of compounds like
alcohol and glucose do not show acidic characters?
c. How is the concentration of hydronium ion affected when a solution of an acid is diluted?
d. What happens when sodium bicarbonate is heated? Write the balanced chemical equation.
18. You have two solutions A and B. the pH of A is 6 and the pH of B is 8. Which solution has more H+ ion
concentration? Which one is acidic and which one is basic?
19. A milkman adds a very small amount of baking soda to fresh milk. Why does he shift the pH from 6 to
slightly alkaline? Why does this milk take a long time to set as curd?
20. Give reasons for the following

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i. While diluting an acid, it is recommended that the acid should be added to the water and not water to acid.
ii. Dry ammonia has no action on litmus paper but a solution of ammonia in water turns red litmus blue.
iii. Plaster of Paris should be stored in a moisture proof container.
iv. Distilled water does not conduct electricity whereas rain water does.
v. Curd and sour substances should not be kept in brass or copper vessels.
vi. Bleaching powder pollutes when left open air.
vii. Acetic acid is a weak acid while hydrochloric acid is a strong acid.
viii. Sodium carbonate is regarded as a basic salt.
21. Rajesh took sulphur powder on a spatula and heated it. He collected the gas evolved on lowering a test tube
over it.
(a). What will be the action of gas in
i. dry litmus paper
ii. Moist litmus paper.
(b). Write balanced chemical equation for the reaction.
22. What are the special properties of plaster of Paris, which makes it useful in hospitals?
23. Which one of the medicines antibiotic, analgesic, or antacid is used for treating indigestion?
24. Five solutions A, B, C, D and E when tested with universal indicator showed pH 5, 2, 10, 7 and 12
respectively. Arrange the pH in increasing order of hydrogen ion concentration.
25. You must have seen tarnished copper vessel being cleaned with lemon and tamarind juice. Explain why
these sour substances are effective in cleaning the vessels.
26. An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound of high melting point. This compound is highly soluble in
water. Is this element carbon, calcium, silicon or iron?

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27. Which gas is produced in when dilute HCl is added to a reactive metal? Write chemical equation when iron
reacts with dilute sulphuric acid.
28. Why is PoP written as CaSO4.H2O? How is it possible to have half water molecule attached to CaSO4?
29. You have been provided with three test tubes. One of them contains distilled water and the other two contain
an acidic and a basic solution respectively. If you are given only red litmus paper, how will you identify
content of each test tube?
30. How are bases different from alkalis? Are all bases alkalis?
31. What are antacids? Give an example. Name the acid produced in our stomach.
32. Mention names of two oxides each which on reacting with water give acids and bases.
33. Explain the role of pH in our digestion and tooth decay.
34. Name the gas evolved when dilute sulphuric acid reacts with sodium carbonate. Give three uses of plaster
of Paris.
35. Write the name and the chemical formula of organic compound which is present in vinegar.
36. Name an acid base indicator prepared at home. Which acid is present in vinegar, sour milk or curd,
tamarind, lemon, orange and ant sting.
37. What is the colour of methyl orange in baking soda solution?
38. What is the colour of phenolphthalein in dilute HCl, soap solution and baking soda solution?
39. Why does copper not react with dilute sulphuric acid or HCl to give hydrogen gas?
40. What is aqua regia? Name the metals which are soluble in it
41. What are antacids? Give an example. Name the acid produced in our stomach.
42. Mention names of two oxides each which on reacting with water give acids and bases.
43. Explain the role of pH in our digestion and tooth decay.
44. Name the gas evolved when dilute sulphuric acid reacts with sodium carbonate. Give three uses of plaster
of Paris.
45. Write the name and the chemical formula of organic compound which is present in vinegar.
46. Name an acid base indicator prepared at home. Which acid is present in vinegar, sour milk or curd,
tamarind, lemon, orange and ant sting.

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47. What is the colour of methyl orange in baking soda solution?
48. What is the colour of phenolphthalein in dilute HCl, soap solution and baking soda solution?
49. Why does copper not react with dilute sulphuric acid or HCl to give hydrogen gas?
50. What is aqua regia? Name the metals which are soluble in it.
51. What do all
(i). Acids,
(ii). Bases have in common? What is milk of magnesia? Is it a strong or mild base?
52. Which chemical compound is present in our tooth enamel? Is toothpaste acidic or alkaline?
53. Which will have more H+ ion concentration a solution with pH=0 or a solution with pH=14?
54. Which acid and base are used in the formation of CuSO4, NaNO3, NaHCO3, and NaHSO4?
55. What is the role of tartaric acid or citric acid present in baking powder?
56. Name an indicator which indicates the various levels of the H+ ion concentration.
57. When the concentrated aqueous solution of a substance X is electrolysed sodium hydroxide, chlorine and
hydrogen gas are produced. Name the substance X. What is the special name of this process?
58. When a green iron salt is heated strongly, its colour finally changes to black and odour of burning sulphur is
given out. Name the iron salt and type of reaction. Write the chemical equation for the above.
59. Name the acid formed when (i). CO2, (ii). SO2 is dissolved in water.
60. A gas highly soluble in water turns colorless solution to pink when a few drops of phenolphthalein solution is
added to it. What is the nature of the gas?
61. State for what purpose is bleaching powder used in water treatment plants.
62. A compound Y loses water of crystallization when exposed to air. Identify compound and write its formula.
63. A calcium compound yellowish white in colour is used as disinfectant and also in textile industry. Name the
compound. How is it prepared? Give chemical reaction involved.
64. When phenolphthalein was added to a solution of X, it turned pink. After some time pink colour fades away.
Identify X and give reason for the observation.
65. Define natural, synthetic and olfactory indicators with two examples each.
66. What are the substances called which are used to prevent oxidation?

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67. How will you provide the following information in a chemical reaction aqueous solution, a liquid, evolution
of heat, evolution of gas, steam and precipitation?