FINAL EXAMINATION IN EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS

DIRECTION: Choose only 5 questions out of 10. Show your solutions.

1. Ten employees in one industrial organization have the following characteristics of
number of years experience and yearly salary (given in thousands of pesos):
No. of years of
Experiences

11

33

24

18

35

19

10

____________________________________________________________________
Years Salary

18

16

25

22

19

23

24

21

26

Solve the pearson product-moment correlation, (r), for the data and interpret the result.

The value of R is 0.5829. This is a moderate positive correlation, which means there is a
tendency for high X variable scores go with high Y variable scores (and vice versa).
2. Accident data were analyzed to determine the numbers of fatal accidents for cars of
three sizes. The data for 450 accidents are as follows: Find the chi-square.
Small

Medium

Large

Fatal

88

34

20

Non Fatal

157

82

69

The contingency table below provides the following information: the observed cell totals,
(the expected cell totals) and [the chi-square statistic for each cell].

The chi-square statistic is 5.83. The p-value is .054203. The result is significant at p < .10.
3. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of hiring" the computer services in the
treatment of your statistical data? Discuss.
Disadvantages

1. Crashing of system - Computer was corrupted and the data cannot be retrieved
resulting to a major lose, so it is better to back up all the files for emergencies.
2. Protection of files - Security and confidentiality is at stake when it is on computer
without proper security.
Advantages
1. Shortened the collection time - Collection of data are automated and it will reduce
the amount of window time in gathering data.
3. Flexible - questionnaires are more relevant to the respondents.
4. Better profiling target - Specific people for the data will easily be picked and will have
more time in answering the questionnaire.
5. Cheaper - depending on the service of the software used there are costly and there
are not. But this will reduce the number of photocopies.

4. What are the factors that determine the choice of the appropriate statistical technique?
Discuss briefly?
Know the main study hypothesis and the expected outcome. Determine if the variables are
dependent or independent variables and have the list of options for the possible treatment
for the given data.
5. What is the characteristic of the mean that distinguish it from the median?
Mean is the arithmetic average of a set of numbers, or distribution. While median, is
described as the numeric value separating the higher half of a sample, a population, or a
probability distribution, from the lower half. In terms of applicability, the mean is for normal
distribution and median is for skewed distribution. Mean is computed by adding up all the
values and dividing that score by the number of values. Median is the number found at the
exact middle of the set of values. A median can be computed by listing all numbers in
ascending order and then locating the number in the centre of that distribution.
6. Discuss the following statistical tool commonly use in educational research.
Standard Deviation - standard deviations are all about the spread of measured outcomes
around the mean. In a normal distribution, values cluster around the mean and become
less and less frequent as one moves to the left or right. This conceptualization can help

you describe the spread of results, and it can also be used to (very cautiously and
roughly) compare otherwise incomparable values (Carlo, 2014).
Mean - referred to by statisticians as the average, is the most common statistic used to
measure the center of a numerical data set.
T-test - measure of the strength of a linear association between two variables and is
denoted by r, attempts to draw a line of best fit through the data of two variables, and
how far away all these data points are to this line of best fit. The stronger the association
of the two variables, the closer the Pearson correlation coefficient, r, will be to either +1
or -1 depending on whether the relationship is positive or negative, respectively.
Friedman's Two way Analysis of Variance - The two-way ANOVA compares the mean
differences between groups that have been split on two independent variables (called
factors). The primary purpose of a two-way ANOVA is to understand if there is an
interaction between the two independent variables on the dependent variable.
ANOVA - creates a way to test several null hypothesis at the same time.The logic behind
this procedure has to do with how much variance there is in the population. It is likely
the researcher will not know the actual variance in the population but they can estimate
this by sampling and calculating the variance in the sample.
Chi-square - intended to test how likely it is that an observed distribution is due to
chance. It is also called a "goodness of fit" statistic, because it measures how well the
observed distribution of data fits with the distribution that is expected if the variables are
independent.
Mann-Whitney U Test - used to compare differences between two independent groups
when the dependent variable is either ordinal or continuous, but not normally distributed.
Allows you to draw different conclusions about your data depending on the assumptions
you make about your data's distribution. These conclusions can range from simply
stating whether the two populations differ through to determining if there are differences
in medians between groups.

 Kruskal-Wallis or H Test - (sometimes also called the "one-way ANOVA on ranks") is a

rank-based nonparametric test that can be used to determine if there are statistically
significant differences between two or more groups of an independent variable on a
continuous or ordinal dependent variable.

7. Prepare a table for these data. Enrollment profile of EARIST Graduate School. MAEDAS(563), MAED-GC (155), MAED-SPED (413), MAT-Math (85), MALE-HRM (65) and
MAT-Sci (68).
Enrolment Profile of EARIST Graduate School
Course

No. of
Students

MAEd-GC

155

MAT-Math

85

MAIEHRM

65

MAT-Sci

68

MAEd-AS

563

MAEdSPED

413

8. What are the educational uses of ranking?

9. The following are the test score in the LET Examination as recorded in the PRC?
10
3

11 89 85 11
8
1

10 89 10 65 97
9
0
90

11 95 89 98
2

80 10 10 88 79
1
1
11 10
1
5

11 88 77
6

11 10 10 98 88
9
0
0
11 10 96 89 61
2
0
81 85 10 10 77
8
0
Based on the data given above.
1. Find the range

2. Tabulate the scored and tally the frequency

3. Compute the Mean and SD
1, range = max-min = 119 - 61 = 58
2,

3, Mean = Sum of X values / N(Number of Values) = 95.25

Sample Standard Deviation =

( XM )2
n1

= 13.66213

10. What is the characteristic of the mean that distinguish it from the median?
Mean is different in a way that it is used to determine the average among a set of values,
wherein the median is the value at the middle, which means half of the values are larger
than the median and the other half of the values are smaller than the median.