Chapter 33 Solutions

33.1

v(t) = Vmax sin( t) = 2 Vrms sin( t) = 200 2 sin[2 (100t)] = (283 V) sin (628 t)

33.2

Vrms =
(a)

P=

(120 V)2
(Vrms )2
R=
= 193
R
75.0 W

(b)

R=

(120 V)2
= 144
100 W

Each meter reads the rms value.

33.3

Vrms =
I rms =

33.4

170 V
= 120 V
2

(a)

100 V
= 70.7 V
2

Vrms 70.7 V
=
= 2.95 A
24.0
R

vR = Vmax sin t
vR = 0.250 ( Vmax ) ,

so

sin t = 0.250, or t = sin 1 (0.250)

The smallest angle for which this is true is t = 0.253 rad. Thus, if t = 0.010 0 s ,

=
(b)

The second time when vR = 0.250 ( Vmax ) , t = sin 1 (0.250) again. For this occurrence,
t = 0.253 rad = 2 .89 rad (to understand why this is true, recall the identity sin( ) = sin
from trigonometry). Thus,
t=

33.5

0.253 rad
= 25.3 rad/s
0.010 0 s

2.89 rad
= 0.114 s
25.3 rad s

iR = I max sin t

becomes

(0.00700) = sin1(0.600) = 0.644

Thus,
and

0.600 = sin( 0.00700)

= 91.9 rad/s = 2 f

so

f = 14.6 Hz

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Chapter 33 Solutions 271

P = I rms ( Vrms ) and Vrms = 120 V for each bulb (parallel circuit), so:

33.6

I1 = I 2 =
I3 =

Vrms 120 V
P1
150 W
=
= 1.25 A , and R1 =
=
= 96.0 = R2
1.25 A
Vrms 120 V
I1

Vrms
P3
100 W
120 V
=
= 0.833 A , and R3 =
=
= 144
0.833 A
Vrms 120 V
I3

Vmax = 15.0 V

33.7

I max =

and Rtotal = 8.20 + 10.4 = 18.6

Vmax 15.0 V
=
= 0.806 A = 2 I rms
18.6
Rtotal
2

0.806 A
2
P speaker = I rms
Rspeaker =
(10.4 ) = 3.38 W

For Imax = 80.0 mA,

33.8

Irms =

80.0 mA
2

= 56.6 mA

Vrms
50.0 V
(XL)min =
Irms = 0.0566 A = 884
XL
884
XL = 2 f L L = 2 f 2 (20.0) 7.03 H

33.9

(a)

XL =
L=

(b)

33.10

XL
13.3
=
= 0.0424 H = 42.4 mH
2 (50.0)

XL =

Vmax 100
=
= 13.3
7.50
I max

Vmax 100
=
= 40.0
2.50
I max

XL
40.0
=
= 942 rad/s
L
42.4 10 3

At 50.0 Hz,

I max =

L 60.0 Hz
50.0
=
XL = 2 ( 50.0 Hz)L = 2 ( 50.0 Hz)
( 54.0 ) = 45.0
2 (60.0 Hz) 60.0

Vmax
=
XL

2 ( Vrms )
=
XL

2 (100 V )
= 3.14 A
45.0

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272 Chapter 33 Solutions

iL (t ) =

33.11

(80.0 V ) sin (65.0 )(0.0155) 2

Vmax
sin ( t 2) =
L
(65.0 rad s) 70.0 103 H

iL (t ) = ( 5.60 A ) sin(1.59 rad) = 5.60 A

= 2 f = 2 (60.0 / s) = 377 rad / s

33.12

XL = L = (377 / s)(0.0200 V s / A) = 7.54

I rms =

Vrms 120 V
=
= 15.9 A
7.54
XL

I max = 2 I rms = 2 (15.9 A) = 22.5 A

2 (60.0) 1 s
i(t) = I max sin t = (22.5 A)sin

= (22.5 A) sin 120 = 19.5 A

s
180
V s

(19.5 A)2 = 3.80 J

U = 21 Li 2 = 21 0.0200

L=

33.13

N B
where B is the flux through each turn.
I

N B, max =

33.14

(a)

XC =

2 VL, rms

1
:
2 f C

2 f

XC

f > 41.3 Hz

1
, so X(44) = 21 X(22): XC < 87.5
C

I max = 2 I rms =

33.15

max

120 V s T C m N m J
= 0.450 T m2

2 (60.0) N s J V C

1
< 175
2 f (22.0 10 6 )

1
<f
2 (22.0 10 6 )(175)
(b)

)=

N B, max = LI B,

2 ( Vrms )
= 2 ( Vrms ) 2 f C
XC

(a)

I max = 2 (120 V)2 (60.0 / s)(2.20 10 6 C / V) = 141 mA

(b)

I max = 2 (240 V)2 (50.0 / s)(2.20 10 6 F) = 235 mA

XL VL, max

XL

Chapter 33 Solutions 273

33.16

Qmax = C ( Vmax ) = C

2 ( Vrms ) =

2 C ( Vrms )

33.17

I max = ( Vmax ) C = (48.0 V)(2 )(90.0 s 1 )(3.70 10 6 F) = 100 mA

33.18

XC =

1
1
=
= 2.65
C 2 (60.0 / s)(1.00 10 3 C / V)

vC (t) = Vmax sin t , to be zero at t = 0

iC =

33.19

(a)

Vmax
sin( t + ) =
XC

2 (120 V)
60 s -1
sin 2
+ 90.0 = (64.0 A)sin(120 + 90.0) = 32.0 A
-1
2.65
180 s

XL = L = 2 (50.0)(400 10- 3) = 126

XC =

1
1
=
= 719
C 2 (50.0)(4.43 10 6 )

Z = R 2 + (XL XC )2 = 500 2 + (126 719)2 = 776

Vmax = Imax Z = (250 10- 3)(776) = 194 V
(b)

= tan 1

L =

33.20

X L XC
126 719
= tan 1
= 49.9
500

1
=
C

Thus, the Current leads the voltage.

1
1
=
= 1.75 10 4 rad / s
6
LC
(57.0 10 )(57.0 10 6 )

f = 2 = 2.79 kHz

33.21

(a)

XL = L = 2 (50.0 s-1)(250 10-3 H) = 78.5

(b)

XC =

(c)

Z = R 2 + (XL XC )2 = 1.52 k

(d)

I max =

(e)

= tan 1

1
= 2 (50.0 s 1 )(2.00 10 6 F)
C

= 1.59 k

Vmax
210 V
=
= 138 mA
Z
1.52 10 3
X L XC
1
= tan (10.1) = 84.3
R

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274 Chapter 33 Solutions

33.22

(a)

Z = R 2 + ( XL XC ) = 68.0 2 + (16.0 101) = 109

2

XL = L = (100)(0.160) = 16.0
XC =

1
1
=
= 101
C (100) 99.0 10 6

(b)

I max =

Vmax 40.0 V
=
= 0.367 A
109
Z

(c)

tan =

XL XC 16.0 101
=
= 1.25:
68.0
R

= 0.896 rad = 51.3

Imax = 0.367 A

= 100 rad/s

= 0.896 rad = 51.3

XL = 2 f L = 2 (60.0)(0.460) = 173

33.23

XC =

(a)

1
1
=
= 126
2 f C 2 (60.0) 21.0 10 6

tan =

XL XC 173 126
=
= 0.314
150
R

= 0.304 rad = 17.4

(b)

33.24

Since XL > XC , is positive; so voltage leads the current .

XC =

1
1
=
= 1.33 108
2 f C 2 (60.0 Hz)(20.0 10 12 F)

Z = (50.0 10 3 )2 + (1.33 108 )2 1.33 108

Irms =

Vrms
5000 V
=
= 3.77 105 A
Z
1.33 108

( Vrms )body = Irms Rbody = (3.77 10 5 A)(50.0 10 3 ) =

1.88 V

Chapter 33 Solutions 275

XC =

33.25

1
1
=
= 49.0
C 2 (50.0)(65.0 10 6 )

XL = L = 2 (50.0)(185 10 3 ) = 58.1
Z = R 2 + (XL XC )2 = (40.0)2 + (58.1 49.0)2 = 41.0
I max =

Vmax 150
=
= 3.66 A
41.0
Z

(a)

VR = Imax R = (3.66)(40) = 146 V

(b)

VL = Imax XL = (3.66)(58.1) = 212.5 = 212 V

(c)

VC = Imax XC = (3.66)(49.0) = 179.1 V = 179 V

(d) VL VC = 212.5 179.1 = 33.4 V

R = 300

33.26

XL = 200

500 1
XL = L = 2
s (0.200 H) = 200

XC =

1
500 1

11.0 10 6 F
= 2
s

Z = R 2 + ( XL XC ) = 319
2

33.27

(a)

and

XL - XC = 109

= 90.9

= tan 1

XC = 90.9

X L XC
= 20.0

XL = 2 (100 Hz)( 20.5 H) = 1.29 10 4

Z=

Vrms
200 V
=
= 50.0
4.00 A
I rms

(XL XC )2 = Z2 R 2 = (50.0 )2 (35.0 )2

XL XC = 1.29 10 4
(b)

1
= 35.7
2 (100 Hz)C

C = 123 nF or 124 nF

VL,rms = I rms XL = ( 4.00 A ) 1.29 10 4 = 51.5 kV

Notice that this is a very large voltage!

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R = 300

276 Chapter 33 Solutions

XL = L = [(1000 / s)(0.0500 H)] = 50.0

33.28

XC = 1/ C = (1000 / s)(50.0 10 6 F)

= 20.0

Z = R 2 + (XL XC )2
Z = (40.0)2 + (50.0 20.0)2 = 50.0
(a)

I rms = ( Vrms ) / Z = 100 V / 50.0

I rms = 2.00 A
X XC
= Arctan L

= Arctan

33.29

30.0
= 36.9
40.0

(b)

P = ( Vrms ) I rms cos = 100 V(2.00 A) cos 36.9 = 160 W

(c)

2
P R = I rms
R = (2.00 A)2 40.0 = 160 W

= 1000 rad/s,

R = 400 ,

Vmax = 100 V,

1
L = 500 ,
= 200
C

C = 5.00 10 6 F,

L = 0.500 H

1
Z = R2 + L
= 400 2 + 300 2 = 500
C

I max =

Vmax 100
=
= 0.200 A
500
Z

The average power dissipated in the circuit is

P=

(0.200 A)2
(400 ) = 8.00 W
2

I2
2
P = I rms
R = max R
2

Chapter 33 Solutions 277

Goal Solution
An ac voltage of the form v = (100 V ) sin(1000 t ) is applied to a series RLC circuit.
C = 5.00 F, and L = 0.500 H, what is the average power delivered to the circuit?
G: Comparing

v = (100 V ) sin(1000 t ) with

Vmax = 100 V

and

If R = 400 ,

v = Vmax sin t, we see that

= 1000 s -1

Only the resistor takes electric energy out of the circuit, but the capacitor and inductor will impede the
current flow and therefore reduce the voltage across the resistor. Because of this impedance, the
average power dissipated by the resistor must be less than the maximum power from the source:
P max =

( Vmax )2 = (100 V)2

2( 400 )

2R

= 12.5 W

2
R, where I rms = Vrms / Z.
O: The actual power dissipated by the resistor can be found from P = I rms

A : Vrms =

100
= 70.7 V
2

In order to calculate the impedance, we first need the capacitive and inductive reactances:
XC =

1
1
=
= 200
C (1000 s -1 )(5.00 10 6 F)

Then,
I rms =

and

XL = L = 1000 s -1 (0.500 H) = 500

Z = R 2 + (XL XC )2 = (400 )2 + (500 200 )2 = 500

Vrms 70.7 V
=
= 0.141 A
500
Z

and

2
P = I rms
R = (0.141 A ) ( 400 ) = 8.00 W
2

L : The power dissipated by the resistor is less than 12.5 W, so our answer appears to be reasonable. As
with other RLC circuits, the power will be maximized at the resonance frequency where XL = XC so
that Z = R . Then the average power dissipated will simply be the 12.5 W we calculated first.

33.30

Z = R 2 + ( X L XC )

or

( X L XC ) =

(XL XC ) = (75.0 )2 ( 45.0 )2

= tan 1

I rms =

Z2 R2

= 60.0

X L XC
60.0
= tan 1
= 53.1
45.0

Vrms 210 V
=
= 2.80 A
75.0
Z

P = ( Vrms ) I rms cos = ( 210 V )( 2.80 A ) cos( 53.1 ) = 353 W

2000 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved.

278 Chapter 33 Solutions

33.31

(a)

P = I rms (Vrms )cos = (9.00)(180) cos( 37.0) = 1.29 10 3 W

2
P = I rms
R

(b)

tan =

X L XC
R

so

1.29 10 3 = (9.00)2 R

becomes

tan( 37.0) =

R = 16.0

so

XL XC = 12.0

XL = L = 2 (60.0 / s)(0.0250 H) = 9.42

*33.32

Z = R 2 + (XL XC )2 =

(20.0)2 + (9.42)2

= 22.1

Vrms 120 V
=
= 5.43 A
Z
22.1

(a)

I rms =

(b)

= tan 1 (9.42 / 20.0) = 25.2

(c)

We require = 0. Thus, XL = XC:

9.42 =

and

C = 281 F

(d)

Pb = Pd

or

( Vrms )d =

33.33

X L XC
:
16

and

power factor = cos = 0.905

so

( Vrms )b ( Irms )b cos b =

R( Vrms )b ( I rms )b cos b =

1
2 (60.0 s 1 )C

( Vrms )d 2
R

(20.0 )(120 V )( 5.43 A)(0.905) =

109 V

Consider a two-wire transmission line:

R1

I rms

P
100 106 W
=
=
= 2.00 10 3 A
Vrms 50.0 10 3 V

Vrms

2
2
loss = (0.010 0)P = I rms
R line = I rms
(2R1 )

Thus, R1

(0.010 0)P = (0.010 0)(100 10

=
2
2 I max

But

R1 =

l
or
A

Therefore

d=

4 l
=
R1

R1
6

2 2.00 10 A
A=

RL

W
2

) = 0.125

d 2 l
=
R1
4

)(

4 1.70 10 8 m 100 10 3 m

(0.125 )

) = 0.132 m =

132 mm

Chapter 33 Solutions 279

33.34

Consider a two-wire transmission line:

P
=
Vrms

I rms

and

power loss =

R1
2
I rms
R line

P
P
Thus,
( 2R1 ) =
100
Vrms
R1 =

d ( Vrms )
=
A
200 P

R1 =

or

or

A=

Vrms

( Vrms )2

R1

200 P

800 P d

2r =

( Vrms )

One-half the time, the left side of the generator is positive, the
top diode conducts, and the bottom diode switches off. The
power supply sees resistance
1
1
2R + 2R

=R

RL

( 2r )2 200 P d
=
4
( Vrms )2

and the diameter is

33.35

P
=
100

Vrms

( V rms )2

and the power is

R1

RL
R1

The other half of the time the right side of the generator is
positive, the upper diode is an open circuit, and the lower diode
has zero resistance. The equivalent resistance is then
1
1
Req = R +
+
3R R

7R
and
4

P=

( V rms )2

The overall time average power is:

33.36

At resonance,

1
= 2 f L
2 f C

Req

[(V

rms

4( V rms )
7R

)2

][

R + 4( V rms ) 7R
2

and

( 2 f )2 L

=C

The range of values for C is 46.5 pF to 419 pF

33.37

0 = 2 (99.7 106 ) = 6.26 108 rad / s =

C=

1
LC

1
1
=
= 1.82 pF
0 2 L (6.26 108 )2 (1.40 10 6 )

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]=

11( V rms )
14 R

280 Chapter 33 Solutions

L = 20.0 mH, C = 1.00 107, R = 20.0 , Vmax = 100 V

33.38

33.39

(a)

The resonant frequency for a series RLC circuit is

(b)

At resonance,

I max =

(c)

From Equation 33.36,

Q=

(d)

VL, max = XL I max = 0 L I max = 2.24 kV

f=

1
2

1
= 3.56 kHz
LC

Vmax
= 5.00 A
R

0L
= 22.4
R

The resonance frequency is 0 = 1

LC . Thus, if = 2 0 ,

L
2
XL = L =
L = 2
LC
C

and

XC =

Z = R 2 + ( XL XC ) = R 2 + 2.25( L C )

so

I rms =

1
LC 1 L
=
=
2 C
C
2C
Vrms
=
Z

Vrms

R + 2.25( L C )
2

and the energy dissipated in one period is Q = P t:

Q=

( Vrms )2 R 2 = ( Vrms )2 RC
(
R 2 + 2.25( L C ) R 2C + 2.25 L

4 ( Vrms ) RC LC
2

LC =

4R 2C + 9.00 L

With the values specified for this circuit, this gives:

2

Q=

33.40

) (10.0 10 H)
F ) + 9.00(10.0 10 H)

4 ( 50.0 V ) (10.0 ) 100 10 6 F

4(10.0 ) 100 10 6
2

The resonance frequency is 0 = 1

32

12

LC .

L
2
XL = L =
L = 2
LC
C
Then Z = R 2 + ( XL XC ) = R 2 + 2.25( L C )
2

= 242 mJ

Thus, if = 2 0 ,
1
LC 1 L
=
=
2 C
C
2C

and

XC =

so

I rms =

Vrms
=
Z

and the energy dissipated in one period is

Q = P t =

( Vrms )2 R 2 = ( Vrms )2 RC
(
R 2 + 2.25( L C ) R 2C + 2.25 L

LC =

4 ( Vrms ) RC LC
2

4R 2C + 9.00 L

Vrms

R + 2.25( L C )
2

Chapter 33 Solutions 281

0 =

For the circuit of problem 22,

*33.41

For the circuit of problem 23,

1
=
LC

(160 10

1
3

)(

H 99.0 10 6 F

(a)

1 120 V = 9.23 V
V 2, rms = 13
(
)

(b)

V1, rms I1, rms = V 2, rms I 2, rms

3
0 L ( 251 rad s) 160 10 H
=
= 0.591
R
68.0

Q=

0L
L
1 L
1
460 10 3 H
=
=
=
= 0.987
R
R LC R C 150 21.0 10 6 F

(120 V)( 0.350 A) = (9.23 V)I 2, rms

I 2, rms =
(c)

42.0 W
= 4.55 A for a transformer with no energy loss
9.23 V

P = 42.0 W from (b)

( Vout )max = N2 ( Vin )max =

N

33.43

( Vout )rms =

33.44

2000
(170 V) = 971 V
350

(971 V)
= 687 V
2

(a)

(V2, rms ) = NN21 (V1, rms )

(b)

I1, rms V1, rms = I 2, rms V 2, rms

(c)

0.950 I1, rms V1, rms = I 2, rms V 2, rms

N2 =

= 251 rad s

Q=

The circuit of problem 23 has a sharper resonance.

33.42

)
)

(2200)(80)
= 1600 windings
110

I1, rms =

(1.50)(2200)
= 30.0 A
110

I1, rms =

(1.20)(2200)
= 25.3 A
110(0.950)

2000 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved.

282 Chapter 33 Solutions

The rms voltage across the transformer primary is

33.45

N1
V 2, rms
N2
so the source voltage is

V s, rms = I1, rms Rs +

The secondary current is

(V2, rms ) ,

Then V s, rms =

and

33.46

Rs =

N1RL

N1RL

N 2 V 2, rms

N2
V1, rms
N1

I 2, rms V 2, rms = 0.900 I1, rms V1, rms

V 2, rms

)
) = 5(50.0 ) 80.0 V 5(25.0 V) =

2(25.0 V)

87.5

120 V
(120 V )
24.0

I 2, rms = 54.0 mA

10.0 10 3 V
= 185 k
0.054 A

(c)

Z2 =

(a)

R = (4.50 10 4 / m)(6.44 10 5 m) = 290

I 2, rms

N 2 V 2, rms
= I1, rms
N1
RL

N 2 V 2, rms 10.0 10 3 V
=
=
= 83.3
120 V
N1 V1, rms

(b)

N2

N1 V 2, rms
V s, rms

N2

V 2, rms =

N1 V 2, rms

(a)

N1
V 2, rms
N2

so the primary current is

RL

N 2 V 2, rms Rs

I 2, rms 10.0 10 3 V = 0.900

33.47

and

I rms =

5.00 106 W
P
=
= 10.0 A
Vrms
5.00 10 5 V

P loss = I rms R = (10.0 A)2 (290 ) = 29.0 kW

(b)
(c)

P loss 2.90 10 4
=
= 5.80 10 3
P
5.00 106
It is impossible to transmit so much power at such low voltage. Maximum power transfer
occurs when load resistance equals the line resistance of 290 , and is
(4.50 10 3 V)2
= 17.5 kW, far below the required 5 000 kW
2 2(290 )

Chapter 33 Solutions 283

33.48

(a)

(b)

For the filter circuit,

Vout
=
Vin

At f = 600 Hz ,

XC =

and

Vout
=
Vin

R + XC2

1
1
=
= 3.32 10 4
2 f C 2 (600 Hz) 8.00 10 9 F

3.32 10 4

(90.0 )2 + (3.32 10 4

1.00

1
1
=
= 33.2
3
2 f C 2 600 10 Hz 8.00 10 9 F

At f = 600 kHz,

XC =

and

Vout
=
Vin

For this RC high-pass filter,

33.49

XC
2

)(

33.2

(90.0 )2 + (33.2 )2

Vout
=
Vin

= 0.346

R
R + XC2
2

(a)
(a)

When

then

Vout
= 0.500,
Vin
0.500

(0.500 )2 + XC2

= 0.500 or XC = 0.866
(b)

If this occurs at f = 300 Hz, the capacitance is

C=

(b)

1
1
=
= 6.13 10 4 F = 613 F
2 f XC 2 ( 300 Hz)(0.866 )

With this capacitance and a frequency of 600 Hz,

XC =

2 (600 Hz) 6.13 10 4 F

Vout
=
Vin

R
R 2 + XC2

(c)

= 0.433

0.500

(0.500 )2 + (0.433 )2

= 0.756

2000 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figures for Goal

Solution

284 Chapter 33 Solutions

Goal Solution
The RC high-pass filter shown in Figure 33.22 has a resistance R = 0.500 . (a) What capacitance gives an
output signal that has one-half the amplitude of a 300-Hz input signal? (b) What is the gain ( V out / Vin )
for a 600-Hz signal?
G: It is difficult to estimate the capacitance required without actually calculating it, but we might expect a
typical value in the F to pF range. The nature of a high-pass filter is to yield a larger gain at higher
frequencies, so if this circuit is designed to have a gain of 0.5 at 300 Hz, then it should have a higher
gain at 600 Hz. We might guess it is near 1.0 based on Figure (b) above.
O: The output voltage of this circuit is taken across the resistor, but the input sees the impedance of the
resistor and the capacitor. Therefore, the gain will be the ratio of the resistance to the impedance.
Vout
=
Vin

A:

(a)

(b)

R
R + (1 C )
2

When

V out / Vin = 0.500

solving for C gives

C=

At 600 Hz, we have

= ( 2 rad) 600 s -1

so

Vout
=
Vin

1
2

Vin
R
1
Vout

1
(2 )(300 Hz)(0.500 ) (2.00)2 1

= 613 F

)
0.500

(0.500 )2 +

(1200

1
rad / s) (613 F )

= 0.756

L : The capacitance value seems reasonable, but the gain is considerably less than we expected. Based o n
our calculation, we can modify the graph in Figure (b) to more transparently represent the
characteristics of this high-pass filter, now shown in Figure (c). If this were an audio filter, it would
reduce low frequency humming sounds while allowing high pitch sounds to pass through. A low
pass filter would be needed to reduce high frequency static noise.

33.50

V1 = I

(r + R)2 + XL2 ,

and

V 2 = I R 2 + XL2

r = 20.0

Thus, when V1 = 2 V 2

(r + R)2 + XL2 = 4( R 2 + XL2 )

or

(25.0 )

which gives

XL = 2 f (0.250 H) =

+ XL2

L = 250 mH
V2

V1

= 4( 5.00 ) +
2

4XL2

R =5.00

625 100
and f = 8.42 Hz
3

Chapter 33 Solutions 285

Vout
=
Vin

*33.51

(a)

R
R + ( X L XC )
2

(8.00 )2

1
=
4

At 200 Hz:

(8.00 )2 + 400 L

(8.00 )

At 4000 Hz:

400 C

1
2
+ 8000 L
= 4(8.00 )
8000

400 L

For the high frequency half-voltage point,

8000 L

Solving Equations (1) and (2) simultaneously gives

C = 54.6 F

(b)

When XL = XC ,

Vout Vout
=
= 1.00

Vin Vin max

(c)

XL = XC requires

f0 =

1
2 LC

Vout R 1
= =
Z 2
Vin

(d) At 200 Hz,

(5.80 10

and

XC > X L ,

)(

H 5.46 10 5 F

XL - XC

so the phasor diagram is as shown:

= 894 Hz

or

At f 0 , XL = XC

so

Vout and Vin have a phase difference of 0

or

and

Vout

Vin

Vout leads Vin by 60.0

Vout R 1
= =
Z 2
Vin

[2]

L = 580 H

and

so

Thus, = cos 1

X L XC > 0

1
= 60.0
2

XL - XC

Vin

or

Vout

Vout lags Vin by 60.0

(Vout, rms ) = ( 21 Vin, rms )

P=
2

At 200 Hz and at 4 kHz,

At f 0 , P =

(f)

[1]

1
= + 13.9
8000 C

R
1
= cos 1 = cos 1
Z
2

At 4000 Hz,

(e)

1
= 13.9
400 C

At the low frequency, XL XC < 0 . This reduces to

1 1 V
in, max
2 2

(Vout,rms )2 = (Vin,rms )2 = 21 (Vin,max )2 = (10.0 V)2 =

We take: Q =

0L
R

2(8.00 )

4
2 f 0 L 2 (894 Hz) 5.80 10 H
=
= 0.408
8.00
R

2000 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved.

6.25 W

(10.0 V )2 =
8(8.00 )

1.56 W

286 Chapter 33 Solutions

33.52

( Vout )1
=
( Vin )1

Now

33.53

Vout
=
Vin

For a high-pass filter,

R
1
R2 +

( Vout )2
( Vin )2

and

( Vin )2 = ( Vout )1

R
1
R2 +

C
R

( Vout )2
( Vin )1

so

1
R2 +

R2
1
R2 +

1
1
1+

RC

Rewrite the circuit in terms of impedance as shown in Fig. (b).

Find:

Vout =

From Figure (c),

V ab =

ZR
V ab
ZR + ZC

ZR
Vin

[1]

ZC

(ZR + ZC ) ZR + ZC||(ZR + ZC )

Vin

Vab

Vout
Vin

Figure (b)

1
ZR
+

Z
Z
+
Z
R
C
C
=
1

1

1
(ZR + ZC )ZR + Z + Z + Z
C

R
C

ZR
Vin

Vout
=
Vin
Vout
=
Vin

R 2 C j
3R
C

(3R)

+
R 2 C

Vab
b

R
1
where we used = j.
j
1
2
3R
j+ R C j
C
=

ZR

Figure (c)

j
where j= 1
C

a
ZC

ZC

Vout
ZR ZC
ZR
=
=
Vin
ZC ( ZC + ZR ) + ZR ( ZR + 2ZC ) 3ZR + ZC + ( ZR )2 ZC
Now, ZR = R and ZC =

Vout

ZR

or

Vout

b
Figure (a)

ZR ZC || ( ZR + ZC )

ZC
ZR

ZC

ZC || ( ZR + ZC )
Vin
ZR + ZC || ( ZR + ZC )

So Eq. [1] becomes Vout =

1.00 10 3
3.00 10 3

+ (1592 628)

= 0.317
2

Chapter 33 Solutions 287

33.54

The equation for

y = mx + b ) is:
v(t ) =

( v)2

( v)

2( Vmax ) t
Vmax
T

0 =

2
( Vmax )
1 T
v
t
dt =
(
)
[
]

0
T
T

( Vmax )2 T [2t T 1] 3
=

ave

ave

Vrms =

33.55

v(t ) during the first period (using

( v)2

ave

( Vmax )2
3

T t 1 dt

t=T

( Vmax )2 (+1)3 (1)3 = ( Vmax )2

[
]

t=0

T2

Vmax
3

1
1
=
= 2000 s 1
6
LC
(0.0500 H)(5.00 10 F)

so the operating frequency of the circuit is =

Using Equation 33.35,

P=

P=

( Vrms )2 R 2

R 2 2 + L2 2 02

(400)2 (8.00)(1000)2

0
= 1000 s 1
2

(8.00)2 (1000)2 + (0.0500)2 (1.00 4.00) 106

(Q 12.5)

= 56.7 W

Figure for Goal

Solution

Goal Solution
A series RLC circuit consists of an 8.00- resistor, a 5.00- F capacitor, and a 50.0-mH inductor. A variable
frequency source applies an emf of 400 V (rms) across the combination. Determine the power delivered
to the circuit when the frequency is equal to one half the resonance frequency.
G: Maximum power is delivered at the resonance frequency, and the power delivered at other
frequencies depends on the quality factor, Q. For the relatively small resistance in this circuit, we
could expect a high Q = 0 L R . So at half the resonant frequency, the power should be a small
2
fraction of the maximum power, P av, max = Vrms
R = ( 400 V ) 8 = 20 kW.
2

O: We must first calculate the resonance frequency in order to find half this frequency. Then the power
delivered by the source must equal the power taken out by the resistor. This power can be found
2
R where I rms = Vrms / Z.
from P av = I rms

2000 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved.

288 Chapter 33 Solutions

A : The resonance frequency is

f0 =

1
=
2 LC 2

(0.0500 H)( 5.00 10 6

= 318 Hz

The operating frequency is f = f 0 / 2 = 159 Hz . We can calculate the impedance at this frequency:
XL = 2 f L = 2 (159 Hz)(0.0500 H) = 50.0

and

XC =

1
1
=
= 200
2 f C 2 (159 Hz) 5.00 10 -6 F

Z = R 2 + (XL XC )2 = 8.00 2 + (50.0 200)2 = 150

I rms =

So,

Vrms 400 V
=
= 2.66 A
150
Z

The power delivered by the source is the power dissipated by the resistor:
P av = I rms 2 R = (2.66 A)2 (8.00 ) = 56.7 W
L : This power is only about 0.3% of the 20 kW peak power delivered at the resonance frequency. The
significant reduction in power for frequencies away from resonance is a consequence of the relatively
high Q -factor of about 12.5 for this circuit. A high Q is beneficial if, for example, you want to listen
to your favorite radio station that broadcasts at 101.5 MHz, and you do not want to receive the signal
from another local station that broadcasts at 101.9 MHz.

R=

V
12.0 V
I = 0.630 A = 19.0

The impedance of the circuit is Z =

Vrms
24.0 V
=
= 42.1
0.570 A
I rms

The resistance of the circuit is

33.56

Z 2 = R 2 + 2 L2
L=

33.57

1
1
Z2 R2 =
(42.1)2 (19.0)2 = 99.6 mH
377

(a)

When L is very large, the bottom branch carries negligible current. Also, 1/ C will be
negligible compared to 200 and 45.0 V/200 = 225 mA flows in the power supply and the
top branch.

(b)

Now 1/ C and L 0 so the generator and bottom branch carry 450 mA

Chapter 33 Solutions 289

33.58

(a)

With both switches closed, the current goes only through

generator and resistor.
i(t) =

Vmax
cos t
R

1 ( Vmax )
2
R

(b)

P=

(c)

i(t) =

Vmax

cos [ t + Arctan( L / R)]

R 2 + 2 L2

L
0
0C
0 = = Arctan

(d) For

We require 0 L =

1
, so
0 C

(e)

At this resonance frequency,

(f)

U = 21 C ( VC ) = 21 C I 2 XC 2

1
02 L

Z= R

2
U max = 21 CI max
XC 2 = 21 C

(g)

C=

U max =

1 LI 2
2 max

(h) Now = 2 0 =

1L
2

( Vmax )2
R2

1
=
0 2C 2

( Vmax )2 L
2R 2

( Vmax )2
R2

2
LC

L 1 L
L
2 C 2 C

3 L
C
So = Arctan
= Arctan
= Arctan

2R C

R
R

(i)

Now L =

1 1
2 C

1
2 LC

0
2

2000 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved.

290 Chapter 33 Solutions

33.59

(a)

As shown in part (b),

circuit (a) is a high-pass filter

and

circuit (b) is a low-pass filter .

Vin

(b)

For circuit (a),

For circuit (b),

33.60

(a)
(b)

I R, rms =

Vout
=
Vin

RL2 + ( XL XC )

As 0,

Vout
RLC 0
Vin

As ,

Vout
1
Vin

Vout
=
Vin

+ ( X L XC )

RL2 + ( L)

RL2 + ( L 1 C )

2
Circuit (a)

(high-pass filter)

XC

RL2

As 0,

Vout
1
Vin

As ,

Vout
1
2
0
Vin
LC

V out

Vin

1 C
RL2

+ ( L 1 C )

Circuit (b)

(low-pass filter)

Vrms 100 V
=
= 1.25 A
80.0
R

The total current will lag

phasor diagram at the right.
I L, rms =

IR

the applied voltage as seen in the

IL

Vrms
100 V
=
= 1.33 A
XL
2 60.0 s 1 (0.200 H)

Thus, the phase angle is:

*33.61

RL2 + XL2

Vout

I L, rms
1 1.33 A
= tan 1
= tan 1.25 A = 46.7
I
R, rms

Suppose each of the 20 000 people uses an average power of 500 W. (This means 12 kWh per
day, or $36 per 30 days at 10 per kWh). Suppose the transmission line is at 20 kV. Then
I rms =

(20 000)(500 W)
P
=
Vrms
20 000 V

~10 3 A

If the transmission line had been at 200 kV, the current would be only ~10 2 A .

Chapter 33 Solutions 291

L = 2.00 H, C = 10.0 10 6 F, R = 10.0 , v(t) = (100 sin t)

33.62
(a)

The resonant frequency 0 produces the maximum current and thus the maximum power
dissipation in the resistor.

0 =

1
1
=
= 224 rad/s
LC
(2.00)(10.0 10 6 )

( Vmax )2

(b)

P=

(c)

I rms =

2R

Vrms
=
Z

2
I rms
R=

Vrms

1
R2 + L
C

( )

1 2
I rms
2

(100)2
= 500 W
2(10.0)

max

Vrms
R

and

( Irms )max =

or

( Vrms )2 R = 1 ( Vrms )2 R
Z2

R2

1
R2 + L
= 2R 2
C

This occurs where Z 2 = 2R 2:

4 L2C 2 2L 2C R 2 2C 2 + 1 = 0

L2C 2 4 (2LC + R 2C 2 ) 2 + 1 = 0

or

[(2.00) (10.0 10 ) ] [2(2.00)(10.0 10

6 2

) + (10.0)2 (10.0 10 6 )2 2 + 1 = 0

Solving this quadratic equation, we find that

2 = 51 130,

1 = 48 894 = 221 rad/s

2 = 51 130 = 226 rad/s

and

48 894

R = 200 , L = 663 mH, C = 26.5 F, = 377 s 1 , Vmax = 50.0 V

33.63

L = 250 ,
(a)

I max =

1
C = 100 ,

Z = R 2 + ( XL XC ) = 250
2

Vmax 50.0 V
=
= 0.200 A
250
Z

= tan 1

X L XC
= 36.8

(V leads I)

(b)

V R, max = I max R = 40.0 V at = 0

(c)

VC, max =

(d)

VL, max = I max L = 50.0 V at = + 90.0

I max
= 20.0 V at = 90.0
C

(I leads V)
(V leads I)

2000 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved.

292 Chapter 33 Solutions

2
P = I rms
R=

*33.64

Vrms
R,
Z

(120 V )2
Z

( 40.0 ) :

(120)2 ( 40.0)

250 =

( 40.0)
1=

250 W =

so

1
+ 2 f (0.185)

2 f 65.0 10 6

2304 f 2
1600 f 2 + 1.3511 f 4 5692.3 f 2 + 5 995 300

f2=

6396.3

(6396.3)2 4(1.3511)( 5 995 300)

2(1.3511)

Z = R 2 + ( L 1 C )

576 000 f 2

and

250 =

so

1.3511 f 4 6396.3 f 2 + 5 995 300 = 0

1600 f 2 + 1.1624 f 2 2448.5

= 3446.5 or 1287.4

f = 58.7 Hz or 35.9 Hz

33.65

(a)

From Equation 33.39,

N1 V1
=
N 2 V 2

Let output impedance

Z1 =

so that

N1 Z1I1
=
N 2 Z2 I 2

V1
I1

and the input impedance Z2 =

But from Eq. 33.40,
N1
=
N2

So, combining with the previous result we have

(b)

N1
=
N2

IR =

33.66

Z1
=
Z2

Vrms
;
R

8000
= 31.6
8.00

IL =

Vrms
;
L

IC =

(a)

I rms = I R2 + (IC I L )2 = Vrms

(b)

tan =

Vrms
( C)1

1
1
+ C
R 2
L

IC I L
1
1
= Vrms

X
X
IR
/
R
V

L
rms
C

1
1
tan = R

X
X
L
C

Z1
Z2

V 2
I2
I1 V 2 N 2
=
=
I 2 V1 N1

Chapter 33 Solutions 293

33.67

(a)

I rms = Vrms

1
1
+ C
2
L
R

Vrms ( Vrms )max when C =

f=
f=

(b)

1
L

1
2 LC
1
2 200 10

H)(0.150 10 6 F)

= 919 Hz

IR =

Vrms 120 V
=
= 1.50 A
80.0
R

IL =

Vrms
120 V
=
= 1.60 A
L
(374 s 1 )(0.200 H)

IC = Vrms ( C) = (120 V)(374 s 1 )(0.150 10 6 F) = 6.73 mA

(c)

I rms = I R2 + (IC I L )2 = (1.50)2 + (0.00673 1.60)2 = 2.19 A

(d)

I I
0.00673 1.60
= tan 1 C L = tan 1
= 46.7
1.50

IR
The current is lagging the voltage .

33.68

(a)

tan =

VL I ( L) L
=
=
V R
IR
R

Thus, R =

(b)

L
Vin

200 s (0.500 H)
L
= 173
=
tan( 30.0)
tan
1

Vout V R
=
= cos
Vin
Vin

V = IZ
VL = IXL

Vout = ( Vin ) cos = (10.0 V ) cos 30.0 = 8.66 V

2000 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved.

VR = IR

V out

294 Chapter 33 Solutions

33.69

(a)

XL = XC = 1884
L=

f = 2000 Hz

when

XL
1884
=
= 0.150 H
2 f 4000 rad s

XL = 2 f (0.150 H) XC =

C=

and
1

(2 f )( 4.22 10

(b)

33.70

f (Hz)

X L ()

XC ()

Z ()

300
600
800
1000
1500
2000
3000
4000
6000
10000

283
565
754
942
1410
1880
2830
3770
5650
9420

12600
6280
4710
3770
2510
1880
1260
942
628
377

12300
5720
3960
2830
1100
40
1570
2830
5020
9040

0 =

1
= 1.00 106 rad s
LC

For each angular frequency, we

find
Z = R 2 + ( L 1/ C )
then

I = (1.00 V ) / Z

and

P = I 2 (1.00 )

The full width at half maximum is:

f =

(1.0005 0.9995) 0
=
2
2

f =

1.00 10 3 s 1
= 159 Hz
2

while
1.00
R
=
= 159 Hz
2 L 2 1.00 10 3 H

Z=

(2 f )XC ( 4000 rad s)(1884 )

= 42.2 nF

( 40.0 )2 + (XL XC )2

Impedence,

L ( )

0.9990
0.9991
0.9993
0.9995
0.9997
0.9999
1.0000
1.0001
1.0003
1.0005
1.0007
1.0009
1.0010

999.0
999.1
999.3
999.5
999.7
999.9
1000
1000.1
1000.3
1000.5
1000.7
1000.9
1001

1
C

( )

1001.0
1000.9
1000.7
1000.5
1000.3
1000.1
1000.0
999.9
999.7
999.5
999.3
999.1
999.0

Z ( )
2.24
2.06
1.72
1.41
1.17
1.02
1.00
1.02
1.17
1.41
1.72
2.06
2.24

P = I 2 R (W)
0.19984
0.23569
0.33768
0.49987
0.73524
0.96153
1.00000
0.96154
0.73535
0.50012
0.33799
0.23601
0.20016

Chapter 33 Solutions 295

Vout
=
Vin

33.71

(a)

R
R 2 + (1 C )

R 2 + (1 2 f C )

Vin

Vout 1
1
=
when
=R 3
2
Vin
C
Hence, f =

Vout

=
= 1.84 kHz
2 2 RC 3
Log Gain versus Log Frequency

(b)
0
-1
LogV

out / V in

-2
-3
-4
0

3
Log f

2000 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved.