INTRODUCTION

Building construction is the engineering which deals with the construction of building such as
residential houses. In the ancient times humans lived in caves, over trees or under trees, to
protect themselves from wild animals, rain, sun, etc. As the times passed human beings
started living in huts made of timber and branches. The shelters of those old times have been
developed nowadays into beautiful houses. Rich people live in sophisticated and well built
houses.
Buildings are an important indicator of social progress of the county. Every human has a
desire to own comfortable homes. On an average, one spends his two-third life time in the
houses. The security, civic sense and responsibility are the few reasons due to which a person
puts utmost efforts and spends his hard earned savings in owning houses.
Daily new techniques are being developed for the construction of houses economically,
quickly and fulfilling the requirements of the community. Engineers and architects do the
design work, planning and layout etc. of the buildings. Draughtsmen are responsible for
doing the drawing works of building as per the direction of engineers and architects. The
draughtsman must know his job and should be able to follow the instructions of the engineer
and draw the required drawings of the building, site plans and layout plans etc. as per the
requirements.
Going by the increasing population trend in India, it is the need of the hour to switch towards
high rise residential buildings specially in cities which ensure better use of land along with
enhanced living conditions. The paucity of available land for construction particularly in
major cities all over is a common problem. Unlike conventional houses, high rise structures
ensure better ventilation, fresh air, less noise, less congestion, safety, security & feel of
exclusive living.
Multi-storeyed buildings have become common in the modern growing cities. As the height
of the building increase for the given width, the building frame becomes flexible. Particularly
in the case of frames with heights above 50 stories slenderness becomes more and the
fundamental frequency of the frame becomes less. The building is subjected to both vertical
loads as well as horizontal loads. The vertical load consists of dead load of structural
components such as beams, columns, slabs etc. and live loads. The horizontal load consists of
the wind forces. Thus building is designed for dead load, live load and wind load as per IS
875. The building is designed as two-dimensional vertical frame and analysed for the
maximum and minimum bending moments and shear forces by trial and error methods as per
IS 456-2000.
The structural engineer should ensure that the structure should be safe and serviceable during
its anticipated life even if it is subjected to wind loads. Wind forms the predominant source of
loads, in tall free standing structures. The effect of wind on tall structures can be divided into
two components they are:
1. Along-wind Effect
2. Across-wind Effect

Along wind loads are caused by the drag components of the wind force whereas the across
wind loads are caused by the corresponding lift components.
Windstorms pose a variety of problems in buildings particularly in tall buildings causing
concerns for building owners, insurers, and engineers. High speed winds are the largest single
cause of economic and insured losses due to natural disasters, well ahead of earthquakes and
floods. The sway at the top of a tall building caused by wind may not be seen by a passer-by,
but may be of concern to those occupying its top floors. In buildings experiencing wind
motion problems, objects may vibrate, doors and chandeliers may swing, pictures may lean,
and books may fall off shelves.
Under the action of a natural wind, gusts and other aerodynamic forces will continuously
affect a tall building. The structure will deflect about a mean position and will oscillate
continuously. In 1987, it was studied that if the wind energy absorbed by the structure is
larger than the energy dissipated by structural damping, then the amplitude of oscillation will
continue to increase and will finally lead to destruction.
Accordingly, it has become necessary to develop tools enabling the designer to estimate wind
effects with a higher degree of confidence than was previously required. Wind engineering is
the discipline that has developed, primarily during the last few decades from effects aimed at
developing such tools.
The buildings to be analysed in this project are G+12 storey buildings in Delhi which lies in
wind zone IV. The aspect ratios of buildings are taken as 1, 1.5 and 2 with area 30*30 m 2.
The member selection and the loading for concrete structures are done under the provisions
of IS-456:2000. The analysis of buildings is carried with the help of a design software called
STAAD.Pro.