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Passivization of the Indirect Object only after Dative movement (adjacency constraint)
I gave Mary the flowers.
Mary was given the flowers.
(2) She gave a book to me. / A book was given to me. / *I was given a book to.
She gave me a book. / I was given a book. / *A book was given me.
Ditransitives (no change of possession, the Indirect Object is not a beneficiary, but an Experiencer, only
the IO can be passivised)
Eg. He gave me a push,
I was given a push.
*A push was given to me.
Unergatives with a prepositional object
Eg. He insisted upon the invitation. / The invitation was insisted upon.
They talked about the movie./ The movie was talked about.
Idiomatic phrases
Eg. Take strong exception to smth; make an example of smth; foist all ones problems on smth; pin ones faith
on smth; make too much of smth; keep close tabs on smth; take advantage of smth,; etc
Eg. They made an example of his behaviour.
His behaviuour was made an example of.
Some Prepositional Phrases showing location
They have sat on the chair.
That chair has been sat on.
NO Passive:
reciprocal verbs resemble, marry
eg. Music resembles poetry.
*Poetry is resembles by music
state verbs (verbs of possession) have, possess, own
eg. He owns a house.
*The house is owned by him.
(verbs of feelings) love, hate, loathe, abhor
Eg. He loves Mary.
*Mary is loved by him.
Reflexives
Eg. Mary admired herself in the mirror.
*Herself was admired by Mary in the mirror.
no idiomatic IT ( This argument eats it. / *IT is eaten by this argument.
The Get Passive
. more dynamic, may have a detrimental meaning, may imply that the Agent has some responsibility for a
detrimental action
eg. His leg got broken.
How did the window get open?
- focuses on the event and on its effects on the Theme/Patient
- the implied agent has full control over the action denoted by the verb
(*He got killed with great care./ He got shot he did something because he wanted to get shot)
- it involves the speakers attitude, his emotional involvement
Eg. He got caught, the silly fool!
- it is associated with more punctual events.
Only transitives that allow an Agent, an Instrument or a Cause in subject position enter Middle Formation.
consilului administrativ s se prezinte pe data de 20 ale lunii i s justifice propunerile ce fuseser fcute privind
modificarea organigramei ntreprinderii.5.Mare parte din ce s-a spus la ntrunire a fost notat n procesul
verbal.6.Operaia la care a fost supus a durat 6 ore.7.S-a auzit un strigt la cellat capt al coridorului i s-a vzut o
umbr neagr prelingndu-se pe perete.8.Hotrrea ei de a nu se cstori cu acel domn a fost aprobat de ntreaga
familie.9.Foarte multe obiecte de art deosebit de valoroase s-au distrus n timpul cutremurului.10. Se tie c
nimeni nu putea s-l sufere cnd era preedintele acelei fundaii.11.S-a acceptat n general idea c cele mai multe
IMM-uri din domeniul transporturilor sunt localizate n zonele de sud, centru i sud vest.12.n ultimul an s-a
nregistrat o scdere accentuat a realizrilor economice ale zonei.13.Dup un timp am pierdut vaporul din
vedere.14.Nu-mi vine s cred c aceste obiecte de mbrcminte au fost purtate de Regina Maria.15.Cum treceam
pe lng tejghea mi s-a dat un platou i am fost rugat s-l aduc la mas.16.Situaia a fost prezentat n faa
membrilor adunrii generale crora li s-a cerut s ia o hotrre urgent pentru ca lucrurile s poat fi remediate
ct mai curnd cu putin.17.Se pare c s-a descoperit un nou medicament pentru a lupta contra cazurilor de astm
la copii.18.Este posibil ca n urmtoarele cteva zile s fie eliberat un nou grup de prizonieri politici.19.Aproape
ntreg programul conferinei a fost alocat unui raport despre situaia din Irak.20.Nu tiu cum , dar n cele din
urm am fost convins s-mi cumpr o motociclet.21.S-a czut de accord s se amne ntrunirea.22.Toat lumea
se atepta ca daunele s fie deosebit de mari.23.Se vede clar c preurile au crescut vertiginos n luna
septembrie.24.S-a luat hotrrea s se construiasc un nou drum comunal.25.Ni s-a comunicat c minsitrul de
finane i-a dat demisia.26.nc nu s-a admis official c situaia dramatic a nvmntului superior romnesc
este cauzat n mare parte se subfinanarea cronic.27.Actualmente exist opinia c informaiile sunt transmise la
creier de ctre diverse substane chimice.28.Se crede c mai exist nc multe obstacole n calea procesului de pace
din Orientul Apropiat.29.n 1981 se cunotea doar existena a doi specialiti n acea boal extrem de rar n toat
lumea.30.S-a formulat acuzaia c prtul ar fi fost implicat ntr-un jaf armat.