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1. Introduction
46
are
proactive
in
nature.
However,
3. Methodological Framework
In the context of risk preparedness in ports and of the
clearly distinguished need for realistic proactive
measures, safety and security approaches are founded
on the values of measuring and controlling the
frequency and the consequences of risks in order to
assure an acceptable level of safeness. Indeed, the
empirical research conducted and presented here
addresses the following issue: The likelihood of
appearance of certain risks and their perceived severity,
in the two major container terminals in Greece,
confirms the theoretical background for the
indispensable role of a formal risk assessment
framework. In order to proceed with the empirical
47
48
Human
Machinery
Environment
Security
Natural
Risks subcategories
Ship collisions
Grounding
Sinking
Navigation error
Pilotage error
Poor maintenance
Falling of a crane
Falling of a container
Error in cargo handling and storage
Damage to equipment
Fire/explosion
Machinery failure
System failure
Ships emissions
Dredging
Oil spills
Chemical contaminants
Ballast waters
Ship breaking/salvage activities
Air toxics
Noise pollution
Alien species
War/political instability
Terrorist
heft
Smuggling
Illegal trade
Vandalism
Illegal immigration
Blockade
Earthquakes
Volcanic eruptions
Hurricane
Strong winds
Heavy swell and sea
Floods
High temperature during working hours
Heavy rain
49
50
51
Risk
Risks
Frequency Severity
assessment
Falling of a container 3
4
12
System failure
4
3
12
High temperature
3
3
9
during working hours
Machinery failure
3
3
9
Noise pollution
3
3
9
Poor maintenance
3
3
9
Alien species
2
3
6
Ballast waters
2
3
6
Damage to equipment 3
2
6
Earthquakes
2
3
6
Error in cargo
3
2
6
handling and storage
Oil spills
2
3
6
Pilotage error
2
3
6
Blockade
2
2
4
Falling of a crane
2
2
4
Heavy rain
2
2
4
Heavy swell and sea 2
2
4
Illegal immigration 2
2
4
Illegal trade
2
2
4
Ships emissions
2
2
4
Strong winds
2
2
4
Vandalism
2
2
4
heft
2
2
4
Ship collisions
2
1
2
Port
Authority,
(c)
Public
Transportation
Source: Authors.
injuries,
while
for
other plans
the
52
No.
Risks
Frequency Severity
Illegal trade
Risk
assessment
12
Earthquakes
10
Smuggling
Strong winds
Damage to equipment 2
Machinery failure
15
System failure
War/political
instability
Floods
Error
in
cargo
handling and storage
Oil spills
Chemical
contaminants
Hurricane
High
temperature
during working hours
Heavy rain
16
Ship collisions
17
Sinking
18
Falling of a crane
19
Fire/explosion
20
Terrorist
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
21
Navigation error
22
Pilotage error
23
Falling of a container 2
24
Ships emissions
25
Dredging
26
27
Grounding
28
Poor maintenance
29
Noise pollution
30
Alien species
31
Ballast waters
32
heft
Source: Authors.
Human
Machinery
Environment
Security
Natural
Risk factors
Falling of a container
Error in cargo handling and storage
Poor maintenance
Pilotage error
Falling of a crane
Ship collisions
Sinking
Navigation error
Grounding
System failure
Machinery failure
Damage to equipment
Fire/explosion
Noise pollution
Oil spills
Alien species
Ships emissions
Ballast waters
Chemical contaminants
Dredging
Illegal trade
Smuggling
War/political instability
Terrorist
heft
Vandalism
Illegal immigration
Blockade
Earthquakes
High temperature during working hours
Strong winds
Heavy rain
Floods
Heavy swell and sea
Hurricane
Source: Authors.
References
[1]
[2]
5. Conclusions
Container terminals in Greek ports face significant
threats due to a number of risks recorded in our survey.
The aim of a prevention plan should be to provide
equipment and procedures able to minimize the
53
[3]
54
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
[18]