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Abstract Concrete is a construction material composed of cement, aggregates (fine and coarse aggregates) water and
admixtures. Today many researches are ongoing into the use of Portland cement replacements, using many waste materials
like pulverized fly ash (PFA) and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS). Like PFA and GGBS a waste glass powder
(GLP) is also used as a binder with partial replacement of cement which take some part of reaction at the time of hydration,
also it is act as a filler material. In this study, waste glass powders have been used as replacements to the concrete ingredient
i.e. cement and the mechanical properties like compressive strength are measured. Also we were studied the size effect of
glass powder on strength of concrete. For checking strength effect of replacement of cement by glass powder, the cement is
replaced at 10%, 20% and 30%. For study of size effect of glass powder the powder is divided in to two grades one is glass
powder having size less than 90 micron and another is glass powder having particle size ranges from 90 micron to 150
micron. It is found from study, Initial strength gain is very less due to addition of GLP on 7th day but it increases on the 28th
day. It is found that 20% addition of GLP gives higher strength. And also GLP size less than 90 micron is very effective in
enhancement of strength.
Keywords- waste glass powder; concrete; strength; replacement
I. INTRODUCTION
Today many researches are ongoing into the use of
Portland cement replacements, using many waste
materials and industrial by products, for example,
pulverized fly ash (PFA) and ground granulated blast
furnace slag (GGBS). Like PFA and GGBS, a glass
powder (GLP) is also used as a binder with partial
replacement of cement which takes some part of
reaction at the time of hydration; also it is act as a
filler material [1] [5]. The term glass comprises
several chemical varieties including binary alkalisilicate glass, boro-silicate glass, and ternary sodalime silicate glass. Partial replacement of cement with
milled waste glass benefits the microstructure and
stability of cementitious materials [4]. A denser (less
porous) and more homogeneous structure is produced
when milled waste glass is used as partial
replacement for cement, which benefits the resistance
to moisture sorption and thus the long-term durability
of cementitious materials. Partial replacement of
cement with milled waste glass also benefits the
stability of cementitious materials when potentially
deleterious reactions between cement hydrates and
the reactive aggregates is a concern. Mixed-color
waste glass, when milled to about the particle size of
cement and used in concrete as replacement for about
20% of cement, improves the moisture barrier
qualities, durability, and mechanical performance of
concrete [2]. These improvements result from the
beneficial chemical reactions of milled waste glass
with cement hydrates, which yield chemically stable
products capable of refining the pore system in
concrete. Major environmental, energy, and cost
II.
MATERIALS
International Journal of Advanced Technology in Civil Engineering, ISSN: 2231 5721, Volume-2, Issue-1, 2013
112
(a)
(b)
Figure 1. Aggregates : (a) Fine Aggregates (b) Fine
Aggregates
(a)
(b)
Figure 2. Glass powder : (a) GLP size less than 90 microns
(b) GLP size between 90 micron to 150 micron
C.
Sr.No.
Properties
SiO2 (%)
70.22
23.71
CaO (%)
11.13
57.27
MgO (%)
3.85
Al2O3 (%)
1.64
4.51
Fe2O3 (%)
0.52
4.83
SO3 (%)
2.73
Na2O (%)
15.29
K2O (%)
0.37
Cl (%)
0.0068
10
Loss on ignition
(%)
0.80
7.24
Cement
International Journal of Advanced Technology in Civil Engineering, ISSN: 2231 5721, Volume-2, Issue-1, 2013
113
.(1) 3Ca(OH)2 +
SiO2 + (n1) H2O = aO.SiO2.nH2O (Calcium hydroxide) (Glass)
(Calcium Silicate Hydrate)
.(2)
As a result of reaction (1) the amount of calcium
hydroxide in the cement solution decreases.
Consequently, the alkalinity of solution with glass
powder additives decreases as well and additional
amount of CSH crystal phase in a cement stone is
formed. It has been established that addition of finely
grained glass to Portland cement or to Portland
cement based concrete accelerates the binding
process during preinduction period of hydration (24
min.) but retards it during after-induction period.
However, this does not affect the mechanical strength
of the concrete samples after the first day of
hardening. The strength of samples with glass is
higher as compared to the control samples, because,
as has been stated above, glass additives modify
cement stone structure [7].
IV.
TABLE III.
C.A.
193.92
416.52
582.84
1155.76
0.46
1.39
2.78
23 lit / bag
50 kg (bag)
69.95 kg /bag
193.92
416.52
582.84
1155.76
Compressive Strength(N/mm )
21.62
21.62
22.34
22.34
21.98
21.98
21.98
Sample No.1
20
Sample No.2
15
Sample No.3
10
Average
Compressive
Strength
Sample No.1
15
Sample No.2
10
Sample No.3
Average
Compressive
Strength
MIX1-10
21.98
Compressive Strength(N/mm2 )
F.A.
MIX- N
MIX-N
MIX PROPORTION
Cement
Mixtures
25
EXPERIMENTAL WORK
TABLE II.
Sr.
No.
MIX1-20
MIX1-30
International Journal of Advanced Technology in Civil Engineering, ISSN: 2231 5721, Volume-2, Issue-1, 2013
114
TABLE V.
1
2
3
Sr.
No.
Mixtures
MIX- N
Sample No.1
33.48
35
Sample
2
Sample
3
Average
Compressive
Strength
(N/mm2)
33.48
32.55
32.21
32.74
32.55
32.21
32.74
Compressive Strength(N/mm2 )
20
TABLE VI.
Compressive Strength(N/mm )
Sr.
No.
15
Sample No.2
10
Sample No.3
Average
Compressive
Strength
MIX2-10
MIX2-20
25
Sample No.2
20
Sample No.3
15
10
Average
Compressive
Strength
5
0
MIX2-30
Sample No.1
30
MIX-N
21.98
Compressive Strength(N/mm )
25
20
17.94
MIX N
19.28
16.64
Sr.
No.
MIX 1-10
15
10
MIX 1-20
MIX 1-30
Compressive Strength(N/mm )
21.98
MIX N
20
18.49
16.95
15.34
15
10
Sample No.1
Compressive Strength(N/mm )
35
25
MIX 1-10
MIX 1-20
MIX 1-30
30
Sample No.2
25
20
Sample No.3
15
10
Average
Compressive
Strength
5
0
MIX2-10
MIX2-20
MIX2-30
Both the above fig.6 & fig.7 shows that the concrete
containing glass powder give less strength as
compare to that of normal concrete because the
complete hydration process not completed at 7 days.
After completion of complete hydration process the
silica from glass powder reacts with cement hydrates
and it gives strength.
International Journal of Advanced Technology in Civil Engineering, ISSN: 2231 5721, Volume-2, Issue-1, 2013
115
TABLE VIII.
1
2
3
20
Between 90 to
150 Micron
15
10
5
10% Replacement
Figure 13.
25
20
Sample No.3
15
10
Average
Compressive
Strength
MIX2-10
MIX2-20
MIX2-30
MIX 2-30
Compressive Strength(N/mm )
34.33
32.77
26.25
25
20% GLP
below 90
Micron
20% GLP 90
to 150 Micron
20
15
10
80 % cement
MIX 2-20
10
MIX 2-30
Figure 12.
30
35
MIX 2-10
15
90 % cement
30.67
25
20
10
32.77
30.89
10% GLP 90
to 150 Micron
Compressive Strength(N/mm )
MIX 2-20
10
32.74
10% GLP
below 90
Micron
15
35
MIX 2-10
15
30
28.1
20
Figure 14.
25
35
30.89
25
MIX N
32.43
30
31.52
20
30% Replacement
Compressive Strength(N/mm )
35
34.33
32.43
32.74
30
20% Replacement
Sample No.2
Compressive Strength(N/mm )
25
30
Compressive Strength(N/mm )
Less than 90
Micron
30
Sample No.1
Compressive Strength(N/mm )
35
Compressive Strength(N/mm2 )
Sr.
No.
35
31.52
30.67
30
25
23.61
30% GLP
below 90
Micron
30% GLP 90
to 150 Micron
20
15
10
70 % cement
5
0
Figure 16.
International Journal of Advanced Technology in Civil Engineering, ISSN: 2231 5721, Volume-2, Issue-1, 2013
116
TABLE IX.
Sr.
No.
1
2
3
REFERENCES
25
15
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
Sample No.3
10
Average
Compressive
Strength
5
0
MIX3-90
Figure 17.
MIX3-80
MIX3-70
Sample No.2
20
VI.
[1]
Sample No.1
Compressive Strength(N/mm )
30
COCLUSIONS
On addition of GLP initial the rate of gain of
strength is low but at 28th day it meets required
design strength.
International Journal of Advanced Technology in Civil Engineering, ISSN: 2231 5721, Volume-2, Issue-1, 2013
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