Analysis: Foreach procedure, the partial condenser and the partial reboiler are equilibrium stages. Benzene is the more volatile component, so the y-r diagram is based on benzene, 5, the equilibrium relationship is given by Fy. 7-3), Tex(a-) 14 15x ‘Take as a basis, 100 mol/s of feed. Therefore, the feed contains 70 moVs of A and 30 mol/s of B. From the reflux ratio, L = 0.5D, V= L+D= 15D. Therefore, DNV = 2/3 and LW = 173. Use a subscript of C for streams leaving the condenser, X for streams leaving the reboiler, | for the top stage when used, and 2 for the socond stage when used. ye a Procedure 1: Solve with material balances and Eq, (1). The liquid leaving the partial condenser is in equilibrium with the vapor distillate of y= yp = 0.8. Solving Fy. (1), ‘ ve os ©" ye Fal ye) 08+25(1-08) Benzene material balance around condenser, =06S 2) D) (L\ 2 (i VQV = yoD+x Lb = + x¢| — | = O80] = |+ 0.615, — |= 0738 w= yeDenck ot ya =rl jen F) asdf 3} 0615(5] Exercise 7.11 (continued) Analysis: Procedure 1 (continued) ‘The vapor from the reboiler is in equilibrium with the liquid bottoms (residue). From the left- hhand part of Bq, (2), We 0.738 Yet Gl—yq) 0.738+2.50-0.738) ‘Overall total material balance, F=100=D+B @ Overall benzene material balance, x/¥’ =ycl) +.xeB or 70=0.8D+0.5308 (4) Solving Eqs. (3) and (4), D = 62.9 mols or 62.9 mol/100 mol feed, and B= 37.1 mol/s. ‘Therefore, vapor generated = V= 1.5) = 1.5(62.9) = 94.4 mol/s. ‘The operating line for the y-x diagram passes through the (y, x) point (0.8, 0.8) with a slope, LW = 1/3, as shown in the diagram below.Procedure 1 es 2 = 2 = ao N ® © oO = - y, Vapor mole fraction of benzene ° ° e a 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 01 02 0.3 04 05 06 0.7 08 09 1.0 Procedure 2: ‘The slope and top point of the operating line are the same as for Procedure 1. We just have to step off one more stage. ‘Therefore from the results above, we have yo= 080 xc= 0.615 y= 0.738 1 = 0.530 Benzene material balance around Stage 1, YW tach = yV ty (6) Solving forse. a= w+ s—e E .738+ (0.530-0.615), ‘The vapor from the reboiler is in equilibrium with the liquid bottoms (residue). From the left- hand part of Eq. (2), Ye 0710 _ * =F all-y,) 0710+ 250-0710) 9 Overall total material balance, F=100=D+B ) Overall benzene material balance, xp = yc) +.xxB or 70=0.8D+0.495B (7) Solving Eqs. (6) and (7), D = 67.2 moV/s or 67.2 mol / mol feed, and. B= 32.8 mol/s. ‘Therefore, vapor generated SD = 1,567.2) = 100.8 mol/s ‘The operating line for the y-x diagram passes through the (y. x) point (0.8, 0.8) with a slope, LW = 1/3, as shown in the diagram below.Y, vapor mole fraction of benzene 04 #05 O06 O07 08 09 1.0 ., liquid mole fraction of benzene Exercise 7.11 (continued) Analysis: (continued) Procedure 3: ‘The slope and top point of the operating line are the same as for Procedures 1 and 2. We just have to extend Procedure 2 by stepping off a second equilibrium stage. From above, the results for the condenser and stage 1 are: ye=0.80 x= 0.615 y= 0.738 = Benzene material balance around Stage 2, 530 y= 0.710 x= 495 Benzene material balance around Stage 2, yA tL yV tah @ Solving for yp, Ye= yt -=(F)} 0.698 ‘The vapor from the reboiler is in equilibrium with the liquid bottoms (residue). From the left- hand part of Eq. (2), = 0710+ (0489-0330), | 3 __ Je 0.698 ~ y,+a(l— yg) 0.698+ 2.5(1— 0.698) Overall total material balance, F=100=D+B (10) Overall benzene material balance, xpF =ycD +xeB or 70=0.8D+0480B (11) Solving Eqs. (10) and (11), D= 68.8 moV/s or 68.8 mol / 100 mol feed, and B = 31.2 mols. ‘Therefore, vapor generated = V = 1.5D = 1.5(68.8) = 103.2 mol/s ‘The operating line for the y-x diagram passes through the (y, x) point (0.8, 0.8) with a slope, x = 0.480LW = 1/3, as shown in the diagram below. 0.90 5. 0.85 eo we 2 om | Yornate ¢ Bos 4 ra, : i * 3 o70 5 s |_7 8 06s ie = 6 2 a= 0480 8 0.60 E Boss a ren 0615 04s oa 0.40 0.45 050 055 0,60 0.65 0.70 075 0.80 0.85 0.90 X, liquid mole fraction of benzene Exercise 7.11 (continued) Analysis; (continued) Procedure 4: Ifthe reflux bypasses the top stage, the vapor and liquid pass through that stage without change. Therefore. this procedure is the same as Procedure 2. i.e. just one stage in the column.Procedure 5: The slope and top point of the operating line are the same as for Procedure 1. We just have to add the feed to the stage in the column. Therefore from the results above, we have: ye=080 xc= 0615 y= 0.738 1 = 0.530 ‘Benzene material balance around Stage 1, which now includes the feed, apF + yQV txch=yV xb (12) (de) -x(Z) = ones{F}+0ss0{}-aors{)- ond) v v Vv v v v Because the feed is a saturated liquid, ,.V=V and L=L+100 From above, V = 1.5D and LV = 1/3. Also, L/V = LIV +100/V =1/3+100/V. Therefore, Eq. (13) becomes, Ye =a7ae~osaq $2) oor 4}- are) -or10- 2 o70- 8 (4) 3° 3 v v D (13) ‘The vapor from the reboiler is in equilibrium with the liquid bottoms (residue). From the let- hand part of Eq. (2), Je — (1s) Ya t25I YQ) Overall total material balance, F=100=D+B (16) Ie Overall benzene material balance, xP =ycD + xB or 70=0.8D+x%*B (17) Solving Eqs. (14), (15), (16), and (17), yr=0.565, te=0.342, _D-=78.3 moV/s of 78.3 mol/100 mol feed, B = 21.7 moVs Therefore, vapor generated. LSD = 1.5(78.3) = 117.5 mol/s The rectifying section operating line for the y-x diagram passes through the (y, x) point (0.8, 0.8) with a slope, L/V = 1/3, the q-line (feed line) is a vertical line, and the stripping section operating line passes throught the (y, x) point (0.565, 0.342) and the intersection of the other two lines, as shown in the diagram on the following page. The results from the 5 procedures are summarized as follows: of feed Viole of Dx of benzene in B 0.530 0.495 0.480 0.495 0.342(cy Preeti 9 Is moresmendes hecanes ir penduces hy tae the mast disies whise (creeped: Wo Une gious ectorary af buna Procogure & |. Vapor mole fraction of banzene e204 __+ +. o2 950 G49 Ost G60 g7a aes ago x liquid mole fraction of benzene