Answer guide for O Level Biology (5090/2) – Paper 2 Theory June 1999

1 (a) pollen (grains) ; 1

(b) (i) wind + pollination ;
(X) light / small / dusty / dry / plentiful / smooth ;
(stigma) branched / feathery AW / large surface area / exposed /
outside (the flower) / sticky ; 3
(c) (i) tube shown passing through base of stigma + micropyle ;
(ii) male gamete labelled in pollen tube ( no more than 2 nuclei shown) ;
female gamete drawn and labelled inside embryo sac (if more than
one gamete shown, then labelled one must be in lower half) ;
pollen tube, ovule, ovary wall (3 required) ;; 5
(d) photosynthesis / in leaves + named food ;
(food) via phloem / vein / vascular bundle + cotyledon /
endosperm ; 2

2 (a) (i) (sun)light, temperature, carbon dioxide, oxygen + roots ;

(ii) control / comparison / to ensure a fair test ; 2
(b) (L) magnesium / iron ;
chlorophyll less growth / reference to reduced leaf production ;
(M) nitrate no protein / amino acids / no or reduced growth / needed
for growth ; 4
(c) (i) to remove / prevent growth of microoganisms or named microbes /
prevent damage to roots / competition for nutrients ;
(ii) no light / discourage growth of algae / normal condition for roots ; 2

3 (a) (i) description involving oxygen ;

(ii) white blood cells / white blood cells / leucocytes / neutrophils /
lymphocytes and platelets / thrombocytes and serum / plasma / any
one plasma constituent ; 2
(b) (i) working shown ;
60% ;
(ii) more haemoglobin / larger surface area ;
to provide same amount of / enough oxygen to cells ; 4
(c) more oxygen to cells / muscles / body ;
more glucose / sugar to cells / muscles / body ;
for energy release ;
better removal (named) waste products ;
reference to oxygen debt / lactic acid ; [max 3] 3

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Answer guide for O Level Biology (5090/2) – Paper 2 Theory June 1999

4 (a) bacteria, enzymes, cheek cells, acid, (3 required) ;; 2

(b) (i) 7– 8.00 h and 21–22.00 h ;
marked / sudden change in pH / toothpaste is alkaline ; 2
(ii) 14.00 (h) + 18.00 (h) ;
acidic / pH 4.1 / low(est) pH ;
dissolves enamel / removes Ca ; [max 2] 2
(iii) bacteria change (named) carbohydrates to acids ; 2

5 (a) (iii) T + oesophagus ,

U + liver ,
V + duodenum ,
3 required ;; 2
(b) bile ;
reference to pH and reference to lipase / emulsification and
reference to larger surface area ; 2
(c) absorption of water ; 1
(d) (i) glucose / monosaccharide / hexose / (simple) sugar / fructose /
galactose ; 1
unaffected by enzymes / comes out in faeces / undigested /
unchanged /
not broken down ;
fibre / roughage / forms bulk / aids peristalsis /
prevents constipation ; 2

6 (a) (identification of structures)

A + capillary ;
B + sweat pore / (entrance to ) sweat duct ;
C + nerve endings / dendrites / receptor ;
D + sweat gland ;
E + artery / arteriole / vein / venule / blood vessel ( R. capillary) ; 5
change in environmental temperature / heat (mechanism) + detected
(by skin) ;
change in blood / core temperature ;
detected by brain / hypothalamus ;
vasodilation or explanation ;
more blood to skin ;
more blood to sweat glands ;
reference to evaporation ;
any reference to heat loss ; [max 5] 5
(b) variation of body temperature from 37 ° C / set point ;
automatic ;
return to normal ; [max 2] 2

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Answer guide for O Level Biology (5090/2) – Paper 2 Theory June 1999

7 (a) (i) similarities: energy release (aerobic) / ATP production

(anaerobic) ;
food / CH2O / fat / protein / sugar / glucose substrate ;
in cells / living tissues / enzymes ;
(ii) differences: oxygen + no oxygen ;
more + energy / ATP or less + energy / ATP ;
lactic acid ;
water & carbon dioxide released ;
alcohol;
complete incomplete breakdown of substrate ; [max 6] 6
(b) (labelled on a food chain) ;
(c) light / solar + energy ;
trapped / taken in by / used / absorbed by chorophyll / during
photosysnthesis ;
to chemical energy ;
named organic chemical ;
*plant / producer / named plant / leaf passed to / eaten by animal ;
*energy / heat + lost from organism ;
burning / oxidation / organic molecule broken down ; [max 6] 6

8 (a) (i) example of a mechanical method ;

(advantages) generally reliable / STD protection (condom only) ;
readily available ;
(disadvantages) has to be fitted ;
may split / be displaced / loss of sensitivity ;
(ii) e.g. of surgical method (A. cutting / ligation, R. hysterectomy /
abortion) ;
(advantages) very reliable ;
(disadvantages) disapproval or fear of operations / expensive / risk
of infection ;
irreversible / not advisable for young couples; [max. 6] 6
(b) (i) reference to chromosomes ;
female gametes all X + male gametes X or Y ;
in equal proportion / equal chance at fertilisation ; [max 2] 2
(ii) small sample / not statistically viable ; 1
(c) parents / (P) + Hh x hh ;
gametes / (G) + H h h (h) ;
Hh + hh
1 curly (haired) : 1 straight (haired) ; 3

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Answer guide for O Level Biology (5090/2) – Paper 2 Theory June 1999

9 (a) (i) named hormone ;

& (ii) from correct corresponding gland ;
diffusion (anywhere) ;
tissue fluid / blood ;
capillary ;
venule / vein / vena cava ;
heart ;
pulmonary artery / vein / lungs ;
aorta / artery / arteriole ;
named target organ ;
two effects of hormone ;; [max 9] 9
(b) to liver ;
destroyed / broken down ;
waste products carried in blood ;
to kidney ;
removed in urine ; [max 3] 3

10(a) (i) IAA / IEA / growth hormone / auxin ;

& (ii) on lower surface, ;
(shoot) faster growth / speeds up growth, ;
on side nearest the ground / on the lower side ;
negative / (-) geotropism ;
(root) slower growth / slows down growth ;
in side nearest to the ground / on the lower side ;
positive / (+) geotropism ; [max 6] 6
(b)
tropisms reflex actions
similarities: responses / reactions / change in
+ to stimuli environment ;
differences: slow / permanent / fast / temporary ;
growth muscles / glands ;
related to direction of stimulus or vice versa ;
hormones / auxins / / impulses /
chemicals electrical ;
no specific pathways / neurones / nerves ;;
/ reference to xylem

[max 4] 4

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