Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
SHQWUXHOHPHQWHDQWLIRF
3HUHWHVDXSODQHXUH]LVWHQWODIRF5) HOHPHQWGHFRQVWUXFLHYHUWLFDOVDXRUL]RQWDO
UHDOL]DWGLQ PDWHULDOH&&$FXUH]LVWHQDODIRFFHOSXLQHJDOFXQLYHOXOVWDELOLWvQQRUPDWLY
vQIXQFLHGHUROXOGHSURWHFLHODIRFSHFDUHvODUH
3HUHWH VDX SODQHX HWDQ OD IRF () HOHPHQW GH FRQVWUXFLH YHUWLFDO VDX RUL]RQWDO
DOFWXLWG LQPDWHULDOH&&$FDUHDVLJXUHWDQHLWDWHDVWDELOLWSULQQRUPDWLY
3HUHLSRUWDQLHOHPHQWHGHFRQVWUXFLHYHUWLFDOHSRUWDQWHDOHFRQVWUXFLHLFDUDFWHUL]DWH
SULQFODVDGHFRPEXVWLELOLWDWHLUH]LVWHQODIRFSHQWUXVWDELOLUHDJUDGXOXLGHUH]LVWHQODIRFDO
FOGLULLVDXFRPSDUWLPHQWXOXLGHLQFHQGLX
3HUHL QHSRUWDQL DXWRSRUWDQL LGHP SHUHL SRUWDQL GDU IU vQGHSOLQLUHD XQXL URO
VWUXFWXUDO
3HUIRUPDQ OD IRF FRPSRUWDUHD XQXL PDWHULDO SURGXV VDX DQVDPEOX VXSXV XQXL
LQFHQGLXvQUDSRUWFXXWLOL]DUHD OXL
3ODQHX HOHPHQW GH FRQVWUXFLH RUL]RQWDO VDX vQFOLQDW FDUH GHOLPLWHD] QLYHOXUL DOH
FRQVWUXFLHLOXDWvQFDOFXOSHQWUXGHWHUPLQDUHDJUDGXOXLGHUH]LVWHQODIRF
3ODQHHOHSDULDOHVXSDQWHFDUHRFXSPDLPXOWGHGLQDULDvQFSHULL vQFDUHVXQW
GLVSXVHVHLDXvQFDOFXOODGHWHUPLQDUHDJUDGXOXLGHUH]LVWHQODIRF
3RWHQLDOFDORULILFYH]LVDUFLQDWHUPLF
3ODWIRUP HOHPHQW GH FRQVWUXFLH RUL]RQWDO FX JROXUL QHSURWHMDWH vQ SURFHQW GH
PLQLPXPGLQDULHLQFOXVLYWLSJUWDUIUORFSHUPDQHQWGHDFWLYLWDWHLGHVWLQDWYL]LWULL
SHULRGLFH PD[ RULVFKLPE 3ODWIRUPHOH QX VH LDX vQ FDOFXO OD GHWHUPLQDUHD JUDGXOXL GH
UH]LVWHQODIRFLDQXPUXOXLGHQLYHOXUL
5LVFGH
5LVFGHLQFHQGLXSUREDELOLWDWHDL]EXFQLULLLQFHQGLLORUvQVSDLLvQFSHULFRQVWUXFLLVDX
5LVF
GH LQFHQGLX SUREDE
D LOLWDWHDL]E
LOLWDWHD L]E
] XFQLULL LQFHQGLLORU vQ VSDLL vQFS
HUL FRQVWU
W XFLL VDX
FRPSDUWLPHQWH
FRPS
P DU
D WLPHQWH GH
GH LQFHQGLX
LQFHQGLX RUL
RUL LQVWDOD
LQVWDODLL
D LL
LL vQ
vQ FHOH FX
FX IX
IIXQFLXQL
QFLXQL FLYLOH
FLYLOH SXE
SXEOLFH
X OLFH VH
VH H[S
H[SULP
[ ULP
ULP SULQ
SULQ
ULVFXULGHLQFHQGLXLDUvQFHOHGHVWLQDWHDFWLYLWLORUGHSURGXFLHLGHGHSR]LWDUHVHH[SULPSULQ
ULVFXUL
ULVFXULGHLQFHQGLXLDU
GH LQFHQGLX LDU
D vQ
vQ FHOH GHV
GHVWLQDWH
D DFWLYLW
LORU GH SURGX
G FLHLGHGHSR]LWDU
D HVHH[S
[ ULP SULQ
FDWHJRULLGHSHULFROGHLQFHQGLX
FDWHJRULLGH
SHULFROG
O H LQFHQGLX
5H]LVWHQODIRF5)DSWLWXGLQHDXQRUSULVDXHOHPHQWHGHFRQVWUXFLHGHDLSVWUD
vQWUXQ WLPS GHWHUPLQDW FDSDFLWDWHD SRUWDQW L]RODUHD WHUPLF L HWDQHLWDWHD VWDELOLWH SULQ
vQFHUFULVWDQGDUGL]DWH
6DO DJORPHUDW FDWHJRULH GLVWLQFW D vQFSHULORU FX DJORPHUUL GH SHUVRDQH
vQFSHUH VDX JUXS GH vQFSHUL FDUH FRPXQLF GLUHFW vQWUH HOH SULQ JROXUL
SURWHMDWH VDX
QHSURWHMDWHvQFDUHVXSUDIDDFHLUHYLQHXQHLSHUVRDQHHVWHPDLPLFGHP LvQFDUH VHSRW
vQWUXQL VLPXOWDQ FHO SXLQ GHSHUVRDQH VOL GH VSHFWDFROH VOL GH vQWUXQLUL vQFSHUL SHQWUX
H[SR]LLLPX]HHFOXEXULFLQHPDWRJUDIHFRPHU FD]LQRXULGLVFRWHFLHWF&kQGVXQWVLWXDWHOD
SDUWHUVHFRQVLGHUVOLDJORPHUDWHFHOHFXPDLPXOWGHSHUVRDQH
6DUFLQ WHUPLF VXPD HQHUJLLORU FDORULFH GHJDMDWH SULQ FRPEXVWLD FRPSOHW D WXWXURU
PDWHULDOHORU G LQVSDLXOFRQVLGHUDW
DUSDQW DQVDPEOXO VWUXFWXUDO DO DFRSHULXOXL XQHL FRQVWUXFLL SH FDUH VH GLVSXQH
VXSRUWXOvQYHOLWRULLVDXSDQRXULOHGHvQYHOLWRDUH
6FDUGH HYDFXDUH FLUFXODLH YHUWLFDO FRUHVSXQ]WRU GLVSXV FRQIRUPDWGLPHQVLRQDW
LSURWHMDWSHQWUXDDVLJXUDFRQGLLLGHHYDFXDUHDXWLOL]DWRULORUvQFD]GHLQFHQGLX
6FDU FX WUHSWH EDODQVDWH VFDU OD FDUH IRUPD vQ SODQ D XQRU WUHSWH HVWH GLIHULW GH
FHOHODOWHSHvQOLPHDXQHLDVDXPDLPXOWRUUDPSHRULDvQWUHJLLVFUL
6FHQDULL GH VLJXUDQ OD IRF FRPELQDLL GH YDORUL L UHODLL vQWUH FRQGLLLOH L
SHUIRUPDQHOHODIRFDVLJXUDWHvQVFRSXOUHDOL]ULLVLJXUDQHLXWLOL]DWRULORU
6FHQD DPHQDMDW VSDLX GH MRF DIHUHQW VOLL FX DULD PLQLP GH P LQFOXVLY
EX]XQDUHOH L GHSR]LWHOH DFHVWHLD SUHY]XW FX WXUQ GH VFHQ FX VDXIU WUDSH vQ SDUGRVHDOL
HFKLSDWFXGLVSR]LWLYHGHPDQHYUDUHDGHFRUXULORU
6LVWHPGHHYDFXDUHDIXPXOXLLDJD]HORUILHUELQL VLVWHPFRQVWLWXLWGLQGLVSR]LWLYHGH
HYDFXDUH D IXPXOXL L D JD]HORUILHUELQL L HFUDQH YHUWLFDOH FRERUkWH VXE DFRSHUL VDX WDYDQ vQ
VFRSXOOLPLWU LL VDXSURSDJULLLQFHQGLLORUvQFRQVWUXFLLOHvQFKLVHFXDULLOLEHUHPDULIUSHUHL
GHVSULWRUL
6XSDQWDSODQHXLQWHUPHGLDUSOLQGHVFKLVSHXQDVDXPDL PXOWHODWXULIDGHvQFSHUHD
vQFDUHHVWHGLVSXV6HLDvQFRQVLGHUDUHFRQIRUPSUHYHGHULORUQRUPDWLYXOXL
7DPEXU GHVFKLV SURWHFLH D JROXULORU GH FLUFXODLH IXQFLRQDO GLQ SHUHLL DQWLIRF
UH]LVWHQLODIRFVDXODH[SOR]LH
8LGHHYDFXDUHHOHPHQWHPRELOHGHvQFKLGHUHDJROXULORUGHFLUFXODLHLHYDFXDUHGLQ
SHUHLLFDUHGHOLPLWHD]GLIHULWHVSDLLFRQVWUXLWH
8L FRUWLQH L REORDQH UH]LVWHQWH OD IRF HOHPHQWH PRELOH GH SURWHFLH D JROXULORU GH
FLUFXODLHLHYDFXDUHGLQSHUHLLFXUROGHOLPLWDUHDSURSDJULLLQFHQGLLORUDOFWXLWHLHFKLSDWH
FRQIRUPQRUPDWLYXOXL
8WLOL]DWRUL SHUVRDQHDQLPDOHVDXRELHFWHFDUHIRORVHVFVDXH[SORDWHD]FRQVWUXFLD
9ROHWGLVSR]LWLYGHvQFKLGHUHREWXUDUHUH]LVWHQW ODIRFPRQWDWSHWXEXODWXULJKHQHGH
HYDFXDUH D IXPXOXL QRUPDO vQFKLV VDX GHVFKLV vQ SR]LLH GH DWHSWDUH SUHY]XW FX DFLRQDUH
DXWRPDWLPDQXDOvQFD]GHLQFHQGLX
&$3&21',,,*(1(5$/('(3(5)250$1 $ &216758&,,/25
5,6&'(,1&(1',8O*5$''(5(=,67(1
5LVFGHLQFHQGLX
/D FOGLUL FLYLOH SXEOLFHULVFXOGH LQFHQGLX HVWH GHWHUPLQDW vQ SULQFLSDO GH GHQVLWDWHD
VDUFLQLLWHUPLFHTVWDELOLWSULQFDLFXOLGHGHVWLQDLDUHVSHFWLY
vQ IXQFLH GH GHQVLWDWHD VDUFLQLL WHUPLFH ULVFXO GH LQFHQGLX vQ FOGLUL FLYLOH SXEOLFH
SRDWHIL
PDUH
TL SHVWH0-P
PLMORFLX
T 0-P
PLF
TM VXE0-P
QIXQFLHGHGHVWLQDLHIXQFLXQHXQHOHVSDLLLvQFSHULGLQFOGLULOHFLYLOH SXEOLFH
VHvQFDGUHD]vQXUPWRDUHOHULVFXULGH LQFHQGLX
PDUH vQ FDUH VH XWLOL]HD] VDX GHSR]LWHD] PDWHULDOH VDX VXEVWDQH FRPE X VW LE LOH
DUKLYH ELEOLRWH FL PXLWLSLLFDUHSDUFDMHDXWRWXULVPHHWF
PLMORFLXvQ FDUH VH XWLOL]HD] IRF GHVFKLV EXFWULL FHQWUDOH WHUPLFH RILFLL FX SUHSDUUL
FDOGHHWF
PLF FHOHODOWHvQFSHULLVSDLL
QvQFSHULOHLVSDLLOHHFKLSDWHFXLQVWDODLLDXWRPDWHGHVWLQJHUHDLQFHQGLLORUULVFXULOH
PDULGHLQFHQGLXSRWILFRQVLGHUDWHPLMORFLLLDUULVFXULOHPLMORFLLSRWILFRQVLGHUDWHPLFL3HQWUX
vQWUHJXOFRPSDUWLPHQWGHLQFHQGLXVDXFOGLUHULVFXOGHLQFHQGLXFRQVLGHUDWYDILFHLPDLPDUH
FDUHUHSUH]LQWPLQLPXPGLQ YROXPXODFHVWRUD
/D
/D FRQVWU
FRQVWUXFLL
W XFLL
GH
GH SSURGXFLH
L
LVDX
L VDX GHSR]LWDUH
GHSR]LWDUH
S
ULVFXO
ULVFXO GH L QF H QG LX
LX DUH
DUH vQ
vQ YHGHUH
YHGHUH QDWXUD
QDWXUD
DFWLYLWLORU
DFWLYLWLORU
GHVI
GHVIXUDWH
I XUDWH
D FDUDFWHULVWLFLOH
FDUDFWHULVWLFLOH GH
GH DUGHUH
DUGHUH DOH
DOH PDWHULDOHORU
PDWHULDOHORU L
L VXEVWDQHO
VXEVWDQHOH
Q H XWLOL]DW
XWLOL]DWH
D H
SUHOXFUDWHPDQLSXODWHVDXGHSR]LWDWHLGHQVLWDWHDVDUFLQLLWHUPLFH/DDFHVWHDULVFXOGHLQFHQGLX
SUHOXFUDW
S
D HPDQLS
LSXODWH VDX
D GHSR]LWDWHLGHQVLWDWHDVDUFLQLL
S
WHUPLFH/DDFHVWHDULVFXOG
O HLQFHQGLX
HVWHGHILQLWSULQFDWHJRULLGH
HVWHGHILQ
I LWSULQF
S Q DWHJRULL
J
GH SSHULFROGHLQFHQGLXFH
SHULFROGHLQFHQGLXFHH[SULP
H[S
[S ULP
FDWHJRULLOH$%(D
J
L
L%%(ESRVLELOLWLGHLQFHQGLXL
%%(ESRVLE
L LOLWLGH LQFHQGLX L H[SOR]LH
H[SOR]LHYROXPHWULFULVFIRDUWHPDUH
YROX
O PHWULF
ULVFIR
I DU
D WH PDUH
GHLQFHQGLX
GH
LQFHQGLX
FDWHJRULD&%(SRVLELOLWLGHLQFHQGLXDUGHUHULVFPDUHGHLQFHQGLX
FDWHJRULD
J
&%(
SSRVLE
L LOLW
LGHLQFHQGLXDU
D GHUHULVFPDUHGH
LQFHQGLX
FDWHJRULD
FDWHJRULD
J
'
' %(D
%(D
H[LVWHQ
H[LVWHQD
QD IR
IIRFXOXL
FXOX
O L GHVFKLV
GHVFKLV VXE
VXE RULFH
RULFH IR
IIRUPvQ
UPvQ DEVHQD
DEVHQD
Q VXEVWDQ
VXEVWDQHORU
D HORU
FRPEXVWLELOHULVFPHGLXGHLQFHQGLX
FRPE
P XVWLE
L LOHULVFPHGLXGHLQFHQGLX
FDWHJRULD
FDWHJRULD
J
(%
(%(E
(E
H[LVWHQ
H[LVWHQD
QD XQRU
XQRU PDWHU
PDWHULDOH
D LDOH VDX
VDX VXEVWDQ
VXEVWDQH
QH LQFRPE
LQFRPEXVWLELOHvQ
P XVWLE
L LOHvQ VWDUH
VWDUH UHFH
UHFH VDX D
VXEVWDQ
VXEVWDQHORUFRPEXVWLELOHvQVWDUHGHXPLGLWDWHvQDLQWDWSHVWHULVFPLFGHLQFHQGLX
Q HORUFRPE
P XVWLE
L LOH vQVWD
Q DUH GHXPLGLWDWH vQDLQWDWSHVWH ULVF PLFGH LQFHQGLX
=RQHOH GLQ vQFSHUL vQFSHULOH FRPSDUWLPHQWHOH L FRQVWUXFLLOH GH SURGXFLH L VDX
GHSR]LWDUHYRUDYHDGHILQLWULVFXOGH LQFHQGLXILHFDUHvQSDUWHSULQXQDGLQFHOHFLQFLFDWHJRULLGH
SHULFROGHLQFHQGLXFRQIRUPWDEHOXOXLvQIXQFLHGHSHULFROXOGHLQFHQGLXGHWHUPLQDWGH
SURSULHWLOH IL]LFRFKLPLFH DOH PDWHULDOHORU L VXEVWDQHORU XWLOL]DWH SUHOXFUDWH PDQLSXODWH VDX
GHSR]LWDWHLQFOXVLYXWLODMHOHUDIWXULOHSDOHWHOHDPEDODMHOHHWF
7DEHO
&$7(*25,,'(3(5,&2/'(,1&(1',8
&DWHJRULD
GHSHULFRO
GHLQFHQGLX
&DUDFWHULVWLFLOH
VXEVWDQHORU
LPDWHULDOHORUFH
GHWHUPLQvQFDGUDUHD
$
%(D
%
%(E
3UHFL]UL
6XEVWDQHDFURUDSULQGHUHVDX 1XGHWHUPLQvQFDGUDUHDvQFDWHJRULLOH$L%
H[SOR]LHSRDWHVDLEORFvQ
%(DL%(EGHSHULFRO GHLQFHQGLX
XUPD FRQWDFWXOXLFXR[LJHQXOGLQ
IRORVLUHDVXEVWDQHORUVROLGHOLFKLGHVDX
DHUFXDSDVDXFXDOWHVXEVWDQH
JD]RDVHGUHSWFRPEXVWLELOLSHQWUXDUGHUH
RUL PDWHULDOH
VFSULOHLGHJDMULOHGHJD]HYDSRUL
/LFKLGHFXWHPSHUDWXUDGH
VDX SUDIVWDELOLWHFRQIRUPSFWFDUH
LQIODPDELOLWDWHDYDSRULORUSkQ
VXQWvQFDQWLWL FHQXSRWIRUPDFX DHUXO
OD&JD]HVDXYDSRULFX
DPHVWHFXULH[SOR]LYH
OLPLWD LQIHULRDUGHH[SOR]LH
SkQOD
QDVHPHQHDVLWXDLLvQFDGUDUHDVHIDFHvQ
DWXQFLFkQGDFHVWHDSRWIRUPDFX FDWHJRULD&'VDX(%(%(DVDX%(EvQ
DHUXODPHVWHFXULH[SOR]LYH
IXQFLHGHGHQVLWDWHDVDUFLQLL WHUPLFHL
SHULFROXOGHLQFHQGLXvQ DQVDPEOX
/LFKLGHFXWHPSHUDWXUDGH
LQIODPLELOLWDWHDYDSRULORU
FXSULQVvQWUH&JD]H
VDXYDSRULFX OLPLWDLQIHULRDU
GHH[SOR]LHPDL
PDUHGHDWXQFLFkQG
DFHVWHDSRWIRUPDFXDHUXO
DPHVWHFXUL H[SOR]LYH
)LEUHSUDIVDXSXOEHULFDUHVH
GHJDMvQVWDUHGHVXVSHQVLHvQ
FDQWLWLFHSRWIRUPDFXDHUXO
DPHVWHFXULH[SOR]LYH
6XEVWDQHLPDWHULDOH
FRPEXVWLELOHVROLGH
/LFKLGHFXWHPSHUDWXUDGH
LQIODPDELOLWDWHDYDSRULORUPDL
PDUHGH&
&
%(
'
%(D
(
%(E
1XGHWHUPLQvQFDGUDUHDvQFDWHJRULD&%(
GHSHULFRORULFDUHGLQXUPWRDUHOHVLWXDLL
IRORVLUHDVXEVWDQHORUVROLGHOLFKLGHVDX
JD]RDVHGUHSWFRPEXVWLELOLSHQWUXDUGHUH
XWLOL]DUHDOLFKLGHORUFRPEXVWLELOHFX
WHPSHUDWXUDGHLQIODPDELOLWDWHSHVWH&
ODFRPHQ]LKLGUDXOLFHUFLUHXQJHUH
ILOWUHLWUDWDPHQWHWHUPLFHvQFDQWLWLGH
PD[PFXFRQGLLDOXULLXQRUPVXUL
ORFDOHSHQWUXOLPLWDUHDSURSDJULL
LQFHQGLXOXL
IRORVLUHDHFKLSDPHQWXOXLHOHFWULFFDUH
FRQLQHSkQOD.JXOHLSHXQLWDWHDGH
HFKLSDPHQWSUHFXPLDIOX[XULORUGH
FDEOXULFXPDLSXLQGH.JPDWHULDO
FRPEXVWLELOPOSHIOX[
PDWHULDOHOHLVXEVWDQHOHFRPEXVWLELOH
GLQVSDLXOUHVSHFWLYLQFOXVLYFHOHGLQ
XWLODMHFDUHQXVHvQFDGUHD]ODDOLQLDWXO
VDXFHOH XWLOL]DWHODWUDQVSRUWXORUL
GHSR]LWDUHDPDWHULDOHORUFRPEXVWLELOHD
XQRUDPEDODMH SDOHWHVDXUDIWXUL
FRPEXVWLELOHGDFQX GHSHVFvQ
WRWDOLWDWH0-P
,QVLWXDLLOHGHPDLVXVvQFDGUDUHDVHIDFHvQ
IXQFLHGHSHULFROXOGHLQFHQGLXvQDQVDPEOXvQ
FDWHJRULD'VDX(GHSHULFROGHLQFHQGLX%(D
VDX%(E
6XEVWDQHVDXPDWHULDOH
LQFRPEXVWLELOHvQVWDUHILHUELQWH
WRSLWHVDXLQFDQGHVFHQWHFX
GHJDMULGHFOGXUUDGLDQW
IOFULVDXVFkQWHL
6XEVWDQHVROLGHOLFKLGHVDX
JD]RDVHFHVHDUGvQFDOLWDWHGH
FRPEXVWLELO
6XEVWDQHVDXPDWHULDOH
LQFRPEXVWLELOHvQVWDUHUHFHVDX
PDWHULDOHFRPEXVWLELOHvQVWDUH
GHXPLGLWDWHvQDLQWDWSHVWH
DVWIHOvQFkWSRVLELOLWDWHD
DSULQGHULLORUHVWHH[FOXV
&DWHJRULLOHGHSHULFROGHLQFHQGLXVHVWDELOHVFSH]RQHLvQFSHULSUHFXPLLQGHSHQGHQW
SHQWUX ILHFDUH FRPSDUWLPHQW GH LQFHQGLX vQ SDUWH L FRQVWUXFLH PHQLRQkQGVH REOLJDWRULX vQ
GRFXPHQWDLDWHKQLFRHFRQRPLF
&HD PDL SHULFXORDV FDWHJRULH GH SHULFRO GH LQFHQGLX QHFRPSDUWLPHQWDW H [ LV W H QW
v QW U R vQFSHUH V S D L X FRPSDUWLPHQW GH LQFHQGLX VDX FRQVWUXFLH GH UHJXO GHWHUPLQ
FDWHJRULDGHSHULFRODDFHVWRUDFXXUPWRDUHOHH[FHSLL
FDWHJRULLOH$L%%(DL%(EGHSHULFROGHLQFHQGLXDOFURUYROXPDIHUHQWHVWHPDLPLFGH