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Answers to Text Questions

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Inquiry Questions
None for this chapter.
FIGURE 10.3
Discovery of the light-independent reactions. Blackman measured photosynthesis
rates under differing light intensities, CO2 concentrations, and temperatures. As this
graph shows, light is the limiting factor at low light intensities, while temperature and
CO2 concentration are the limiting factors at higher light intensities.
Blackman found that increasing light intensity above 2000 foot-candles did not lead
to any further increase in the rate of photosynthesis. Can you suggest a hypothesis
that would explain why?
Answer: At 2000 foot-candles, all of the available chlorophyll molecules are in use, at
full bore. Adding more photons can't enlist any more chlorophyll molecules, and so it
has no effect on the rate.
FIGURE 10.9
Emerson and Arnold's experiment. When photosynthetic saturation is achieved,
further increases in intensity cause no increase in output.
Under what experimental conditions would you expect the saturation levels for a
given number of chlorophyll molecules to be higher?
Answer: Increasing the temperature or CO2 concentration should increase the output of
individual photocenters and so should raise the rate at which saturation is achieved.
FIGURE 10.13
The enhancement effect. The rate of photosynthesis when red and far-red light are
provided together is greater than the sum of the rates when each wavelength is provided
individually. This result baffled researchers in the 1950's. Today, it provides the key
evidence that photosynthesis is carried out by two photochemical systems with slightly
different wavelength optima.
What would you conclude if "both lights on" did not change the relative rate of
photosynthesis?
Answer: If exposure to both lights did not increase the rate of photosynthesis, you might
conclude that the two photosystems do not act in series, or that there is only one
photosystem that absorbs light of either wavelength.
Self Test
1). Within chloroplasts, the semiliquid matrix in which the Calvin cycle occurs is called:
a). stroma.
b). thylakoids.
c). grana.
d). photosystem.
Answer:a
2). Visible light occupies what part of the electromagnetic spectrum?
a). the entire spectrum
b). the entire upper half (with longer wavelengths)
c). a small portion in the middle
d). the entire lower half (with shorter wavelengths)
Answer:c
3). The colors of light that are most effective for photosynthesis are
a). red, blue, and violet.
b). green, yellow, and orange
c). infrared and ultraviolet
d). All colors of light are equally effective.
Answer:a

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