ASSIGNMENT

ON TRANSFORM
PAIRS
SUBMITTED TO:
Dr. Manoj Kumar Shukla
SUBMITTED BY:
Swyam Prakash Singh
-Final ET
(9455623576)
Manvendra Singh Final ET

(9456225866)a
FOURIER TRANSFORM: The Fourier transform decomposes
a function of time (a signal) into the frequencies that make it up, in a way similar
to how a musical chord can be expressed as the amplitude (or loudness) of its
constituent notes. The Fourier transform of a function of time itself is a complexvalued function of frequency, whose absolute value represents the amount of
that frequency present in the original function, and whose complex argument is
the phase offset of the basic sinusoid in that frequency.

inverse
of fourier
transform:

some fourier transforms:

rectangular function

applications of fourier transform:

circuit analysis, control system design (which engineers from
other engineering fields do as well), and signal processing.
design communication systems. E.g., for comparing analog communication
systems back in the day, Fourier Transform is used to analyze the quality of
signals.
In data acquisition and instrumentation, Fourier Transform (or rather, Fast
Fourier Transform) is used to determine the quality of the signals and
determine how crosstalk, interference, noise, and distortion affect signal
quality.

LAPLACE TRANSFORM:
definition:
Laplace transform can be interpreted as a
transformation from the time domain where inputs
and outputs are
functions of time to the frequency domain
where inputs
and outputs are functions of complex
angular frequency.

CONDITIONS:
f(t) must be piecewise continuous.
f(t) must be exponential order.
i.e.

inverse transform:

APPLICATIONS:
Practical uses:-

sending signals over any two-way communication medium

study of control systems
analysis of HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning)
simplify calculations in system modelling
analysis of linear time-invariant systems
quickly solve differential equations occurring in the analysis of
electronic circuits.

primary application is that it lets you solve several differential

equations by transforming them to simpler differential equations.

Z-TRANSFORM:
The Z-transform is a powerful method for solving difference equations and, in
general, to represent
discrete systems. Although applications of Z-transforms are relatively new, the
essential features of this mathematical technique date back to the early 1730s
when DeMoivre introduced the concept of a
generating function that is identical with that for the Z-transform. Recently, the
development and
extensive applications of the Z-transform are much enhanced as a result of the
use of digital computers.

Definition of the z-Transform

Given a finite length signal , the z-transform is
defined
as

This transformation produces a new

representation of x(n)
denoted by X(z).
Returning to the original sequence (inverse ztransform) x(n)
requires finding the coefficient associated with
the nth power
of z1.
Formally transforming from the
time/sequence/n-domain to
the z-domain is represented as

n-Domainz-Domain

A sequence and its z-transform are said to form

a z-transform
pair and are denoted
x(n) X(z)
In the sequence or n-domain the independent
variable is n
In the z-domain the independent variable is z.

Applications of Z Transform
-Uses to analysis of digital filters.
-Used to simulate the continuous systems.
-Analyze the linear discrete system.
-Used to finding frequency response.
-Analysis of discrete signal.
-Helps in system design and analysis and also checks the
systems stability.
-For automatic controls in telecommunication.
-Enhance the electrical and mechanical energy to provide
dynamic nature of the system.