APPROACH & METHODOLOGY

METHODOLOGY
I.

ROAD DESIGN WORK

1. Desktop Study

First of all a detailed study for the project will be carried out in office to
determine the optimum requirements for the Project so as to establish a plan of
activities involved and to schedule these activities in chronological order.
Similarly allocate human resources to different activities according to the
technical skills required. In addition to this allocation of different financial and
other resources for different activities and the duration of their usage will also

be carried out at this stage so that all the work may be completed in a
systematic way without any delay due to any resource.
2. Topographic Survey
Topographic Survey of the site will be carried out in detail to get the actual
scenario of the site regarding its topography(shape of land and position of
different important topographic features). For quality assurance of survey, first
of all a Traverse will be established at site and closing of traverse will be

ensured to avoid any possibility of error in the subsequent work. After this
complete site will be surveyed by noting existing levels at close intervals and
at each point of change in slope, so that these give true shape of the ground.
Similarly all corners of existing buildings will be noted and other structures
like electric poles, light poles and trees will also be noted.
3. Geotechnical Investigation

It is most important for design of any structure or road at any site, it is of

utmost importance to have detailed Geotechnical Investigation of the site,
because all the load of Structure will be ultimate transferred to the underlying
ground.
Therefore a detailed investigation of site will be carried out by taking soil
samples from different locations of site to know the variety of soil strength

and its minimum value. This minimum value of strength will be adopted for
subsequent design of proposed buildings, roads and services. After taking
samples from site, these will be transported to Laboratory for carrying out
different tests and the results of these tests will be presented in the form of a
Geotechnical Report
4. Contouring and Topographic Map Preparation

Topographic Survey data will be processed in a computer program (AutoCAD and Eagle Point-Road Calc), to triangulate the provided survey and to
get its Contour Plans. These will be presented in the form of Topgraphic
Survey Drawings. These contour and topographic plans will be used for design
of buildings, Roads and allied services.
5. Preparation of Master Plan for Camp

On the basis of contour plans, topographic survey and the results of

Geotechnical Investigation, a detailed master plan will be prepared for the
whole camp. In this master plan, different types of residences will be allocated
different locations and road corridors will be marked for movement within and
outside the camp and among different places within the Camp.

This layout of road corridors will be established after study of existing land
cross-sections and longitudinal sections and the natural gravity flow direction
of water. This is necessary to ensure proper flow of storm drainage and sewer
water through gravity flow. Right of Way(ROW) width for roads will be
decided according the proposed traffic and the required corridor width for
different types of services to be laid along the road.
6. Preparation of Typical Cross-Sections for Roads

Detailed typical cross-sections will be prepared for different roads allocating

different widths to travel-way(metalled portion excluding shoulders),
shoulders and services corridor. Travel-way width will be decided according to
the standards of American Association for State Highway and Transportation
Officials(AASHTO), following its Green Book 2004 Edition.
7. Pavement Design

Pavement thickness for different layers of roads will be designed according to

the strength of existing soil(from Geotechnical Investigation Results) and
proposed traffic loads(ESALs). AASHTO pavement design methodology 1993
will be used for pavement design because it is the common method of
pavement design in Pakistan
8. Reparation of Plan and Profiles for Roads

Geometric Design of roads will be carried out using Eagle Point(Road Calc)
software for preparation of Horizontal alignment(Plan) and vertical alignment
(Profile) of Road. Horizontal alignment will be designed in a way to cause
minimum disturbance to vehicles on curves. Similarly vertical profile will be
designed to have minimum vertical grades and smooth curves to avoid
visibility issues.
9. Preparation of Final Drawings

Drawings for road typical cross-sections, plan and profile will be prepared for
review by the client. These drawings will be prepared on standard A3 size
papers to a suitable scale, so that all details will be clear and easily readable.